857:
38:
677:
5861:
5849:
759:
numerous districts from the lake on the summit of Mons Iovis, to the city called Cant Guic, and to the western
Tumulus, that is Cruc Occident. These are the Armoric Britons, and they remain there to the present day. In consequence of their absence, Britain being overcome by foreign nations, the lawful heirs were cast out, till God interposed with his assistance.
1073:
was influenced by the legendary dream of Macsen Wledig/Magnus
Maximus. In the dream Maximus had seen a fort, "the fairest that man ever saw", within a city at the mouth of a river in a mountainous country and opposite an island. Edward interpreted this to mean Segontium was the city of Maximus's
490:
In a threatening letter addressed to
Valentinian II, most likely composed between the spring of 384 and the summer of 387, Maximus complains of Valentinian's actions towards Ambrose and adherents of the Nicean Creed, writing: "Can it be that Your Serenity, venerable to me, thinks that a religion
758:
The seventh emperor was
Maximianus, He withdrew from Britain with all its military force, slew Gratianus the king of the Romans, and obtained the sovereignty of all Europe. Unwilling to send back his warlike companions to their wives, families, and possessions in Britain, he conferred upon them
352:
as he assisted
Theodosius in defeating barbarians and criminals in Britannia. Maximus would become a distinguished general in the following years; as he would gain the support of his fellow soldiers and the admiration of the Romano-Britons whom he defended, which would lead to his eventual
471:
protested against this involvement of the secular power in doctrinal matters, but the executions were carried out nonetheless. Maximus thereby not only established his credentials as an upholder of orthodoxy, but also strengthened his financial resources in the ensuing confiscations. The
990:
is written in later manuscripts than
Geoffrey's version, the two accounts are so different that scholars agree the Dream cannot be based purely on Geoffrey's version. The Dream's account also seems to accord better with details in the Triads, so it perhaps reflects an earlier tradition.
835:
may have circulated in popular tradition in Welsh-speaking areas from an early date. Although the story of Helen and
Maximus's meeting is almost certainly fictional, there is some evidence for the basic claims. He is certainly given a prominent place in the earliest version of the
673:(English: The Dream of Emperor Maximus), where he not only marries a wondrous British woman (thus making British descendants probable), but also gives her father sovereignty over Britain (thus formally transferring authority from Rome back to the Britons themselves).
994:
Macsen Wledig, the
Emperor of Rome, dreams one night of a lovely maiden in a wonderful, far-off land. Awakening, he sends his men all over the earth in search of her. With much difficulty they find her in a rich castle in Wales, daughter of a chieftain based at
580:
during his time at Trier. Her ultimate fate, and even her name (but see the Welsh tradition below), have not been preserved in definitive historical records. The same is true of
Maximus's mother and daughters, other than that they were spared by Theodosius I.
893:). Geoffrey writes this came about because Octavius wanted to wed his daughter to just such a powerful half-Roman-half-Briton and to give the kingship of Britain, as a dowry, to that husband, so he sent a message to Rome offering his daughter to Maximian.
666:
Having left with the troops and senior administrators, and planning to continue as the ruler of
Britain in the future, his practical course was to transfer local authority to local rulers. Welsh legend supports that this happened, with stories such as
5967:
924:(historically, the region between the Loire and Seine rivers, later comprising Brittany, Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine), he defeated the king and killed thousands of inhabitants. Before departing to Rome, he summoned
385:, who wrote that Maximus was "an energetic and able man and one worthy of the throne had he not risen to it by usurpation, contrary to his oath of allegiance," claimed that he was proclaimed emperor against his will, but
592:, another ill-fated emperor, who ruled in Rome for only 77 days before he was stoned to death while fleeing from the Vandals on 24 May 455. Other descendants of Ennodius, and thus possibly of Maximus, included
903:, had suggested and supported the marriage between Octavius's daughter and Maximian. Maximian accepted the offer and left Rome for Britain. Geoffrey claims further that Maximian gathered an army as he sacked
915:
before agreeing to a truce. Following further negotiations, Maximian was given the kingship of Britain and Octavius retired. Five years into his kingship, Magnus Maximus assembled a vast fleet and invaded
847:
and which reflect older traditions in some cases. Welsh poetry also frequently refers to Macsen as a figure of comparison with later Welsh leaders. These legends come down to us in two separate versions.
438:) in Gaul, and ruled Britain, Gaul, Spain and Africa. He issued coinage and a number of edicts reorganising Gaul's system of provinces. Some historians believe Maximus may have founded the office of the
348:, to whom he claimed to be related. Most of his early life is unknown as the earliest mention of him in the historical record was of him being a junior officer possibly in Britain in 368 during the
1084:, during the construction of the Castle and the nearby planned town, the body believed to be of Magnus Maximus was discovered entombed; King Edward ordered its reburial in a local church.
1026:: Conan Meriadeg), Macsen marches across Gaul and Italy and recaptures Rome. In gratitude to his British allies, Macsen rewards them with a portion of Gaul that becomes known as Brittany.
5947:
959:
soon after and Dionotus became the official king of the Britons. Unfortunately, before he could begin his reign, Gracianus took hold of the crown and made himself king over Dionotus.
1471:
1066:, close to the Segontium Roman Fort. A Roman altar was found in one of the walls during 19th century restoration work. The present church dates mainly from the 14th century.
1007:
or Elen, accepts and loves him. Because Elen is found a virgin, Macsen gives her father sovereignty over the island of Britain and orders three castles built for his bride.
940:
or "half-silent". Given that Conan was well established in genealogies as the founder of Brittany, this account is certainly connected to an older tradition than Geoffrey.
1421:
353:
immortalisation in Welsh legend in the centuries following. He served under Count Theodosius in Africa in 373. Assigned to Britain in 380, he defeated an incursion of the
491:
which has once taken root in the minds of men, which God himself has established, can be uprooted?" in response to "the disturbance and convulsion of Catholic law."
4673:
576:
It is not recorded what happened to Maximus's family after his downfall. He is known to have had a wife, who is recorded as having sought spiritual counsel from
4727:
856:
1711:
Susan Wise Bauer, "The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade", W. W. Norton & Company, 22 Feb 2010 (p.68)
663:
says that Maximus "deprived" Britain not only of its Roman troops, but also of its "armed bands...governors and of the flower of her youth", never to return.
5962:
4640:
966:
concludes with the success of the barbarian invaders, and laments, "Alas for the absence of so many warlike soldiers through the madness of Maximianus!".
5807:
5864:
3724:
1684:
For a summary of the invasion of Italy and subsequent campaign against Theodosius see Hebblewhite, M. (2020) Theodosius and the Limits of Empire, 81ff
2343:
823:. The Alans evidently assimilated quickly into the local Celtic cultures, contributing their own legends, e.g., to the Arthurian Cycle of romances.
389:
portrays him as inciting the troops to rebel against Gratian, as he was upset about Theodosius becoming emperor while he himself was not promoted.
5032:
2868:
5912:
4690:
3662:
3530:
2116:
2096:
1766:
1551:
767:
by Maximus may very well reflect some reality, as it accords with archaeological and other historical evidence and later Breton traditions.
5932:
5762:
5022:
2875:
1328:
900:
5907:
3498:
381:
speaking foreigners at the expense of Roman citizens. In 383 the discontented Roman army proclaimed Maximus emperor in Gratian's place.
797:, and extensive invasions and conquests by Franks and Vikings, Armorica retained considerable cultural cohesion into the 13th century.
5922:
5917:
5852:
5757:
4666:
2295:
1193:
1058:), to whom a church dedicated stands in Caernarfon. The church is built on an important early Christian site, itself built on a Roman
648:
1010:
In Macsen's absence, a new emperor seizes power and warns him not to return. With the help of men from Britain led by Elen's brother
2075:
2043:
2013:
1988:
1804:
1732:
1604:
1431:
5942:
5937:
741:). While there he likely made similar arrangements for a formal transfer of authority to local chiefs—the later rulers of
5902:
5897:
3464:
3447:
3274:
3262:
820:
396:
to pursue his imperial ambitions, taking a large portion of the British garrison with him. After five days of skirmishing near
1953:
634:
Maximus's bid for imperial power in 383 coincides with the last date for evidence of a Roman military presence in the western
37:
5972:
5828:
4496:
3435:
3227:
3189:
3149:
3116:
460:
323:
in 388. In the view of some historians, his death marked the end of direct imperial presence in Northern Gaul and Britannia.
3695:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
2140:
5927:
4659:
3760:
3717:
3650:
3476:
3303:
3269:
3233:
3122:
1054:
Magnus Maximus and Elen are traditionally given as the parents of Saint Peblig (or Publicus, named in the Calendar of the
5687:
3291:
2336:
860:
Illustration from a 14th-century Welsh manuscript thought to intend to depict Magnus Maximus. Llanbeblig Hours (f. 3r.)
5822:
5122:
3372:
3051:
2517:
561:
207:
5812:
4156:
3793:
3682:
3638:
3616:
3567:
3454:
3245:
3014:
2356:
1238:
975:
5952:
4707:
3589:
3557:
3382:
2562:
1883:
870:
554:. Maximus surrendered in Aquileia, and although he pleaded for mercy was executed. The Senate passed a decree of
416:, Bishop of Milan, leading to an accord with Valentinian II and Theodosius I in which Maximus was recognized as
5802:
3710:
3599:
3552:
3099:
2746:
881:), the basis for many English and Welsh legends, Maximianus, as he calls him, was a Roman senator, a nephew of
932:. Conan's men married native women after cutting out their tongues to preserve the purity of their language.
4937:
4847:
4561:
4434:
3914:
3407:
3387:
3161:
3041:
2329:
2061:
1105:
715:
669:
473:
5746:
5537:
5532:
3677:
3656:
3562:
2352:
2191:
2057:
1928:
1138:
1003:), and lead the Emperor to her. Everything he finds is exactly as in his dream. The maiden, whose name is
534:
had taken the opportunity to invade northern Gaul, at the same time further weakening Maximus's position.
378:
20:
1323:
514:. Valentinian fled to Theodosius I, and the two subsequently invaded from the east; their armies, led by
412:
came with a powerful force to forestall him. Negotiations followed in 384, including the intervention of
5577:
5482:
5027:
3855:
3848:
3611:
3606:
3582:
3577:
3493:
3330:
3318:
3089:
2714:
2247:
2240:
2091:, The Transformation of the Classical Heritage, vol. 22, Berkeley: University of California Press,
1248:
597:
5692:
5682:
3786:
3779:
1096:
means he is often a character or referred to in historical and Arthurian fiction. Such stories include
745:, home to the Novantae, claimed Maximus as the founder of their line, the same as did the Welsh kings.
5860:
2065:
702:) the role of founding father of the dynasties of several medieval Welsh kingdoms, including those of
560:
against him. However, his mother and at least two daughters were spared. Theodosius's trusted general
5887:
5487:
5312:
5237:
5112:
5037:
4907:
4882:
4807:
4682:
3862:
3841:
3834:
3772:
3594:
3542:
3402:
3377:
3342:
3257:
3171:
3021:
2852:
2321:
1380:
1228:
1180:
1171:
996:
933:
865:
280:
265:
71:
4765:
1046:(York). Following Maximus's departure for the continent, Coel became high king of northern Britain.
494:
Conversely, Maximus's edict of 387/388, which censured Christians at Rome for burning down a Jewish
5957:
5892:
5713:
5592:
5292:
5177:
5047:
5042:
4932:
4552:
4176:
4136:
4121:
3991:
3525:
3510:
3488:
3423:
3412:
3367:
3313:
2803:
2741:
2704:
1297:
1070:
623:
577:
468:
386:
227:
947:, who – facing a foreign invasion – appealed to Maximus, who finally sent a man named
928:, the rebellious nephew of Octavius, and asked him to rule as king of the land, which was renamed
5672:
5612:
5517:
5467:
5202:
5092:
4897:
4699:
4061:
4046:
3941:
3920:
3908:
3572:
3515:
3459:
3441:
3430:
3392:
3362:
3240:
2958:
2862:
2612:
2581:
2574:
2313:
1649:
1097:
1080:
1004:
948:
809:
750:
686:
519:
440:
345:
320:
162:
4491:
676:
518:
and other generals, campaigned against Maximus in July–August 388. Maximus was defeated in the
5772:
5734:
5728:
5723:
5587:
5552:
5422:
5372:
5262:
4797:
4751:
4742:
4271:
4241:
4236:
4101:
4091:
3813:
3804:
3537:
3483:
3324:
3222:
3197:
3046:
2908:
2644:
2629:
2507:
2475:
2260:
2112:
2092:
2071:
2039:
2009:
1984:
1862:
1800:
1762:
1728:
1722:
1641:
1600:
1547:
1541:
1427:
1266:
1093:
1075:
643:
589:
556:
184:
1843:
1823:
1756:
5834:
5572:
5547:
5307:
5252:
5227:
4852:
4226:
4161:
3733:
3667:
3644:
3547:
3520:
3505:
3471:
3397:
3357:
3347:
3072:
2999:
2969:
2832:
2787:
2782:
2654:
2208:
1819:
1633:
1337:
1128:
1110:
774:
711:
707:
703:
681:
615:
565:
542:
487:, and states that Magnus Maximus had them "caught and exterminated with the greatest zeal".
431:
404:
on 25 August 383. Continuing his campaign into Italy, Maximus was stopped from overthrowing
349:
341:
284:
200:
125:
5718:
5642:
5502:
5492:
5392:
5382:
5377:
5357:
5302:
5247:
5172:
4947:
4399:
4246:
4071:
4051:
4006:
3901:
3820:
3744:
3308:
3298:
3207:
2994:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2736:
2557:
2527:
2470:
2450:
1133:
1101:
1055:
1022:
951:
with two legions to stop the attack. He killed many thousands before the invaders fled to
790:
418:
312:
1882:
Rachel Bromwich, editor and translator. Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads. Cardiff:
936:
presents this legend to explain the Welsh name for Brittany, Llydaw, as originating from
721:
After he became emperor of the West, Maximus returned to Britain to campaign against the
690:
trace the sovereignty of contemporary Welsh kingdoms back more than 500 years to Maximus.
646:, suggesting that troops were not entirely stripped from it, as was once thought. In the
618:(9th century), an early medieval inscribed stone in Wales, which claims that she married
1405:
5777:
5582:
5557:
5272:
5017:
4972:
4942:
4912:
4902:
4758:
4619:
4476:
4409:
4251:
4211:
4011:
3202:
3166:
3111:
3004:
2927:
2819:
2751:
2731:
2485:
2445:
2235:
2216:
2200:
2184:
2106:
2086:
2053:
2033:
1792:
1319:
1211:
1123:
1016:
1011:
925:
912:
886:
794:
456:
405:
296:
256:
248:
243:
101:
43:
785:
was subsequently mentioned in contemporary documents as an ally of Rome's against the
5881:
5607:
5462:
5317:
5107:
4736:
4579:
4429:
4404:
4196:
4076:
4066:
3672:
3632:
3176:
2984:
2792:
1653:
1039:
288:
261:
66:
5797:
5602:
5472:
5407:
5402:
5277:
4715:
4511:
4469:
4464:
4419:
4346:
4171:
4041:
3894:
3417:
3212:
3144:
3139:
3129:
2952:
2814:
2455:
2256:
2220:
2204:
1290:
1156:
837:
832:
537:
316:
116:
4449:
1350:'... The reading 'Clementem' led to the mistaken view that the emperor was called
315:. In 387, Maximus's ambitions led him to invade Italy, resulting in his defeat by
1594:
1423:
A Welsh Classical Dictionary; People In History And Legend Up To About A. D. 1000
1078:
in 1283. It was apparently believed that Maximus died in Wales. According to the
714:, erected nearly 500 years after he left Britain, and he figures in lists of the
5817:
5667:
5622:
5597:
5417:
5192:
5072:
4832:
4787:
4630:
4587:
4516:
4351:
4261:
3961:
3281:
3156:
3106:
3031:
2605:
2552:
2495:
1152:
908:
773:
declared independence from the Roman Empire in 407, but contributed archers for
725:
and Scots (i.e., Irish), probably in support of Rome's long-standing allies the
452:
300:
166:
2149:
5427:
5232:
5222:
5082:
5077:
5062:
5057:
4862:
4837:
4812:
4792:
4635:
4501:
4381:
4371:
4321:
4216:
4141:
4116:
4086:
4026:
3981:
3887:
3337:
3252:
3217:
3182:
3094:
3009:
2769:
2762:
2709:
2689:
2634:
2599:
2592:
2537:
2502:
2365:
1637:
1401:
1143:
1115:
1000:
982:
831:
Legendary versions of Maximus's career in which he marries the Welsh princess
610:– 521). We also encounter an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Magnus Maximus,
515:
511:
484:
292:
176:
1645:
763:
Modern historians believe that this idea of mass British troop settlement in
459:, although the actual civil charges laid by Maximus were for the practice of
444:
as well, although it was probably Stilicho who created the permanent office.
5792:
5740:
5657:
5652:
5542:
5527:
5512:
5497:
5242:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5157:
5147:
5142:
5137:
4997:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4927:
4867:
4822:
4817:
4624:
4575:
4565:
4547:
4454:
4444:
4361:
4316:
4276:
4266:
4106:
4036:
3971:
3956:
3084:
3036:
2946:
2933:
2720:
2649:
2622:
2617:
2586:
2532:
2480:
2415:
2410:
2288:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1242:
1155:
in 1981, recalls Macsen Wledig and celebrates the continued survival of the
1147:
1059:
920:, leaving Britain in the control of Caradocus. Upon reaching the kingdom of
896:
890:
801:
782:
619:
495:
337:
276:
142:
2132:
3702:
1799:(3rd, revised ed.), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, p. 354,
1622:"Two letters of the usurper Magnus Maximus (Collectio Avellana 39 and 40)"
5752:
5662:
5617:
5522:
5457:
5452:
5432:
5412:
5367:
5362:
5337:
5332:
5187:
5167:
5127:
5097:
5087:
5052:
5007:
5002:
4992:
4982:
4977:
4892:
4857:
4842:
4827:
4802:
4541:
4537:
4486:
4366:
4341:
4221:
4201:
4131:
4081:
4016:
3986:
3976:
3966:
3946:
3880:
3352:
3134:
3026:
2979:
2939:
2921:
2841:
2776:
2756:
2726:
2699:
2694:
2679:
2669:
2639:
2547:
2542:
2490:
2465:
2460:
2425:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2304:
2273:
2268:
1119:
1043:
1035:
944:
929:
921:
882:
770:
764:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
635:
593:
551:
531:
523:
401:
377:
into his bodyguard, and was accused of showing favouritism towards these
308:
304:
158:
146:
1863:"The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859"
1341:
5787:
5782:
5647:
5637:
5627:
5567:
5507:
5447:
5347:
5342:
5327:
5322:
5297:
5287:
5282:
5257:
5197:
5182:
4887:
4872:
4651:
4602:
4593:
4583:
4571:
4506:
4481:
4376:
4356:
4331:
4326:
4296:
4291:
4231:
4191:
4166:
4111:
4096:
4031:
4001:
3996:
3286:
2989:
2896:
2809:
2664:
2440:
2180:
1257:
1220:
1201:
1063:
952:
639:
585:
499:
480:
464:
413:
397:
382:
370:
269:
91:
943:
Following the death of Caradocus, rule of Britain as regent passed to
5767:
5708:
5632:
5562:
5442:
5437:
5387:
5162:
5152:
5102:
5067:
5012:
4987:
4952:
4877:
4782:
4598:
4459:
4439:
4424:
4306:
4301:
4286:
4206:
4186:
4181:
4126:
3827:
3058:
2915:
2797:
2569:
2435:
1189:
904:
778:
660:
611:
547:
527:
448:
5968:
Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae
4056:
1869:, vol. IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183
1850:, vol. VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 83–92
1621:
754:
gives another account of Maximus and assigns him an important role:
819:
to both Armorica and Galicia following the defeat of Attila at the
5677:
5477:
5132:
5117:
4922:
4917:
4557:
4532:
4414:
4336:
4311:
4151:
4146:
4021:
3951:
2659:
2430:
2420:
2400:
1092:
The prominent place of Macsen in history, Welsh legend and in the
911:) unintentionally and nearly fought the army of the Britons under
855:
816:
805:
786:
722:
642:. Coins dated later than 383 have been found in excavations along
601:
435:
409:
374:
358:
354:
804:, which persisted as a cultural entity despite occupation by the
5352:
5267:
4281:
2405:
2395:
956:
917:
546:
of Maximus and the killer of Emperor Gratian, was defeated near
400:
he defeated Gratian, who fled the battlefield and was killed at
393:
4655:
3706:
2325:
596:, emperor in 472, but also several consuls and bishops such as
510:
In 387, Maximus managed to force emperor Valentinian II out of
1167:
He is mentioned in a number of ancient and medieval sources:
502:, who said people exclaimed, "the emperor has become a Jew".
694:
The earliest Welsh genealogies give Maximus (referred to as
479:
describes the Priscillianists as "Manichaeans", a different
550:, while Maximus's brother, Marcellinus, fell in battle at
2088:
Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital
1599:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–46.
789:. Despite its continued usage of two distinct languages,
1878:
1876:
800:
Maximus also established a military base in his native
1758:
Warlords: The Struggle for Power in Post-Roman Britain
710:. He is given as the ancestor of a Welsh king on the
584:
One of Maximus's daughters may have been married to
268:
from 383 to 388. He usurped the throne from emperor
5701:
4775:
4726:
4689:
4612:
4525:
4390:
3934:
3872:
3803:
3759:
3752:
3625:
3071:
2968:
2851:
2678:
2516:
2364:
2038:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
1596:
Medieval Heresies: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
907:towns along the way. He invaded Clausentum (modern
588:, proconsul Africae (395). Ennodius's grandson was
223:
183:
172:
152:
138:
134:
107:
97:
87:
79:
65:
30:
1224:Panegyricus Latini Pacati Deprani Dictus Theodosio
1074:dream and drew on the imperial link when building
962:While a broadly positive account of Maximian, the
1666:Ambrose, Patrologia Latina, 16–17 (1845), nos. 40
885:through Coel's brother Ioelinus, and king of the
1472:Ammianus, Magnus Maximus and the Gothic Uprising
1042:", as governor of northern Britain, ruling from
5948:Historical figures as candidates of King Arthur
2035:Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius
1034:According to another legend, Maximus appointed
756:
1426:. The National Library of Wales. p. 494.
1324:"Magnus Maximus and the persecution of heresy"
4667:
3718:
2337:
8:
1721:Drinkwater, John; Elton, Hugh, eds. (2002).
1546:. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 167.
1478:, 51, 330-335. doi:10.1017/S0068113X20000045
483:heresy already condemned in Roman law under
19:"Maxen" redirects here. For other uses, see
4641:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
2070:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.
1981:The Architecture of Castles: A Visual Guide
1896:
1894:
1892:
1727:. Cambridge University Press. p. 118.
1568:Essays in Ancient and Modern Historiography
684:in Wales. The pillar's inscription and the
279:, he served as an officer in Britain under
5808:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
4674:
4660:
4652:
3756:
3725:
3711:
3703:
2848:
2344:
2330:
2322:
2155:
2105:Williams, Stephen; Friell, Gerard (1994).
36:
27:
1787:
1785:
1724:Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?
1593:Ames, Christine Cadwell (15 April 2015).
1458:
568:, at Trier in the fall of the same year.
1348:iam tum rumor incesserat clemens maximum
675:
5033:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
2067:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
2008:. Hambledon Press, London. p. 78.
1311:
295:the next year, while Gratian's brother
287:. In 383, he was proclaimed emperor in
5848:
1446:
50:
1844:"Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20"
1797:Britannia: A History of Roman Britain
1365:"The New Cambridge Medieval History:
455:and six companions were executed for
255:
242:
7:
5763:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
5023:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
1795:(1987), "The End of Roman Britain",
1329:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
5963:People executed by the Roman Empire
1902:The History of the Kings of Britain
190:
5758:List of legendary kings of Britain
3835:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain
1194:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
1175:Rerum Gestarum Libri Qui Supersunt
649:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
630:Role in British and Breton history
447:Maximus was a stern persecutor of
54:
14:
2150:Genèse de la Bretagne armoricaine
1954:"Church of St Peblig, Caernarfon"
1842:Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887),
1184:Histories of the Kings of Britain
889:following the death of Octavius (
5859:
5847:
1958:www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
1865:, in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.),
1830:, London: James Bohn, p. 13
1420:Bartrum., Peter Clement (1993).
840:which are believed to date from
365:Rebellion and bid for the throne
57:
1828:The Works of Gildas and Nennius
1581:Making Early Medieval Societies
1528:The North-West Frontier of Rome
821:Battle of the Catalunian Plains
5829:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
2032:Errington, R. Malcolm (2006).
1979:Allen Brown, Reginald (1984).
1886:, Third Edition, 2006. 441-444
1407:The Cambridge Medieval History
463:. Prominent churchmen such as
340:, Hispania, on the estates of
1:
5913:4th-century murdered monarchs
2108:Theodosius: The Empire at Bay
2006:The Welsh Castles of Edward I
1983:. B.T. Batsford. p. 88.
1620:Omissi, Adrastos (May 2022).
1373:
1366:
875:
841:
815:Aetius sent large numbers of
653:
604:
506:Final conflicts and execution
16:Roman emperor from 383 to 388
1861:Phillimore, Egerton (1888),
451:. It was on his orders that
430:Maximus made his capital at
408:, who was only twelve, when
5933:British traditional history
5823:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
5123:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
1904:. Penguin 1966, pp. 136–147
1050:Other links with Caernarfon
5989:
5908:4th-century Roman emperors
5813:Treason of the Long Knives
3902:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
3617:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3568:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3455:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1960:. British Listed Buildings
1793:Frere, Sheppard Sunderland
1502:Historium adversum paganos
1239:Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
1215:Historium adversum paganos
1069:The medieval English king
988:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
976:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
973:
970:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
498:, was condemned by bishop
260:; died 28 August 388) was
244:[ˈmaŋnusˈmaksimus]
83:Spring 383 – 28 August 388
18:
5923:Ancient Romans in Britain
5918:4th-century Roman consuls
5843:
5688:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
4708:Historia Regum Britanniae
3741:
3693:
3590:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3558:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3383:Constantine IX Monomachos
2310:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2265:
2245:
2232:
2227:
2213:
2189:
2177:
2172:
2158:
2137:– Roman Emperors, account
2111:. Yale University Press.
1884:University of Wales Press
1638:10.1017/S000983882200043X
1038:, perhaps the legendary "
871:Historia Regum Britanniae
598:St. Magnus Felix Ennodius
564:strangled Maximus's son,
373:had received a number of
47:of Magnus Maximus marked:
35:
5803:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
3553:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2134:De Imperatoribus Romanis
2085:McLynn, Neil B. (1994),
1755:Laycock, Stuart (2011).
1540:Craven, Maxwell (2023).
1470:Wijnendaele, J. (2020).
257:[ˈmaksɛnˈwlɛdɪɡ]
5943:Executed Spanish people
5938:Executed Roman emperors
4938:Camber (legendary king)
4848:Augustine of Canterbury
3408:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3042:Tiberius II Constantine
2004:Taylor, Arnold (1986).
1261:Historia Ecclesiastica
1252:Historia Ecclesiastica
1118:'s Camulod Chronicles,
737:(all located in modern
716:Fifteen Tribes of Wales
670:Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig
5903:4th-century executions
5898:4th-century Christians
5747:Gesta Regum Britanniae
5538:Quintus Laberius Durus
5533:Publius Septimius Geta
4425:Cavall (Cafall, Cabal)
3563:Michael IX Palaiologos
1832:, The History, ch. 14.
1583:(2016) p. 34 and p. 44
1489:The Later Roman Empire
1487:Ammianus Marcellinus,
1352:Magnus Clemens Maximus
861:
781:the Hun, and its king
761:
691:
252:
21:Maxen (disambiguation)
5973:Valentinianic dynasty
5483:Oswald of Northumbria
5028:Constantine the Great
3856:The Dream of Rhonabwy
3849:Peredur son of Efrawg
3761:Four Branches of the
3657:Thessalonian emperors
3651:Trapezuntine emperors
3612:John VIII Palaiologos
3607:Manuel II Palaiologos
3578:John VI Kantakouzenos
3494:Andronikos I Komnenos
3331:Constantine Lekapenos
2359:and empresses regnant
1824:"The Works of Gildas"
1761:. The History Press.
1491:(Penguin 1986) p. 417
1249:Socrates Scholasticus
1122:'s Britannia series,
859:
679:
5928:Arthurian characters
5488:Oswiu of Northumbria
5313:Julius Asclepiodotus
5238:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
5113:Edwin of Northumbria
5038:Constantine (Briton)
4908:Budic II of Brittany
4883:Bledric ap Custennin
4808:Ambrosius Aurelianus
4683:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3863:Geraint son of Erbin
3773:Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed
3595:John VII Palaiologos
3543:Theodore II Laskaris
3403:Constantine X Doukas
3343:Nikephoros II Phokas
1917:(Oxford 2007) p. 108
1570:(Oxford 1977) p. 113
1530:(London 1969) p. 229
1381:Rosamond McKitterick
1379:" by Paul Fouracre,
1291:Trioedd Ynys Prydein
1231:(Tiro) of Aquitaine
1181:Geoffrey of Monmouth
1172:Ammianus Marcellinus
1142:. The popular Welsh
934:Geoffrey of Monmouth
866:Geoffrey of Monmouth
852:Geoffrey of Monmouth
638:and the fortress of
369:The Western emperor
336:Maximus was born in
281:Theodosius the Elder
5714:Battle of Arfderydd
5593:Silvius (mythology)
5293:Ingenius of Britain
5178:Gogmagog (folklore)
5048:Cordelia of Britain
5043:Constantius Chlorus
4933:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
4631:Cauldron of rebirth
4137:Goreu fab Custennin
4122:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
3526:Theodore I Laskaris
3511:Alexios III Angelos
3489:Alexios II Komnenos
3413:Romanos IV Diogenes
3368:Romanos III Argyros
3314:Romanos I Lekapenos
1900:G Monmouth (1966).
1626:Classical Quarterly
1342:10.7227/BJRL.66.1.2
1284:Vita Sancti Martini
1139:Puck of Pook's Hill
777:'s defence against
696:Macsen/Maxen Wledig
624:king of the Britons
578:St. Martin of Tours
522:, and retreated to
469:St. Martin of Tours
344:(the Elder) of the
228:Nicene Christianity
5693:Œthelwald of Deira
5683:Æthelberht of Kent
5673:Wulfhere of Mercia
5613:Son of Gorbonianus
5518:Pir of the Britons
5468:Nennius of Britain
5203:Gracianus Municeps
5093:Dunvallo Molmutius
4898:Brutus Greenshield
4700:Prophetiae Merlini
4047:Cymidei Cymeinfoll
3942:Afaon fab Taliesin
3921:Lludd and Llefelys
3909:Englynion y Beddau
3787:Manawydan fab Llŷr
3780:Branwen ferch Llŷr
3645:Britannic emperors
3639:Palmyrene emperors
3573:John V Palaiologos
3516:Alexios IV Angelos
3465:Constantine Doukas
3460:Alexios I Komnenos
3448:Constantine Doukas
3431:Michael VII Doukas
3393:Michael VI Bringas
2959:Romulus Augustulus
2582:Trebonianus Gallus
2575:Herennius Etruscus
2357:Byzantine emperors
2314:Gracianus Municeps
2228:Political offices
1702:Ambrose, Ep. 40.32
1294:(The Welsh Triads)
1282:Sulpicius Severus
1275:Sulpicius Severus
1206:Historia Brittonum
1098:Stephen R. Lawhead
1081:Flores Historiarum
1020:: Cynan Meriadoc,
955:. Maximus died in
949:Gracianus Municeps
862:
810:Kingdom of Galicia
751:Historia Brittonum
748:The ninth century
692:
687:Historia Brittonum
520:Battle of Poetovio
441:Comes Britanniarum
432:Augusta Treverorum
346:Theodosian dynasty
332:Birth, army career
321:Battle of Poetovio
163:Venetia et Histria
5875:
5874:
5773:Matter of Britain
5735:Brut y Tywysogion
5729:Battle of Guoloph
5724:Battle of Camlann
5588:Septimius Severus
5553:Regan (King Lear)
5423:Marius of Britain
5373:Lucius of Britain
5263:Hengist and Horsa
4798:Alhfrith of Deira
4752:Brut y Brenhinedd
4649:
4648:
4092:Elffin ap Gwyddno
3930:
3929:
3814:Culhwch and Olwen
3794:Math fab Mathonwy
3700:
3699:
3538:John III Vatatzes
3484:Manuel I Komnenos
3223:Michael I Rangabe
3067:
3066:
2909:Petronius Maximus
2508:Severus Alexander
2476:Septimius Severus
2320:
2319:
2311:Succeeded by
2281:Legendary titles
2266:Succeeded by
2261:Maternus Cynegius
2214:Succeeded by
2118:978-0-300-07447-5
2098:978-0-520-08461-2
1933:The History Files
1820:Giles, John Allen
1768:978-0-7524-7560-8
1693:Pan. Lat. II.35-6
1553:978-1-3981-1137-0
1461:, pp. 31–32.
1267:Sulpicius Severus
1094:Matter of Britain
1076:Caernarfon Castle
590:Petronius Maximus
557:Damnatio memoriae
526:. Meanwhile, the
233:
232:
53:mag(nus) maximus
5980:
5953:Legendary dreams
5866:Wikisource texts
5863:
5851:
5850:
5835:Walter of Oxford
5573:Rud Hud Hudibras
5548:Redon of Britain
5308:Julius and Aaron
5253:Helena (empress)
5228:Gurguit Barbtruc
4853:Aurelius Conanus
4676:
4669:
4662:
4653:
4553:Cantre'r Gwaelod
4162:Gwyddno Garanhir
3842:Geraint and Enid
3757:
3734:Celtic mythology
3727:
3720:
3713:
3704:
3548:John IV Laskaris
3521:Alexios V Doukas
3506:Isaac II Angelos
3472:John II Komnenos
3398:Isaac I Komnenos
3358:Constantine VIII
3348:John I Tzimiskes
3075:Byzantine Empire
2849:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2323:
2286:Preceded by
2233:Preceded by
2178:Preceded by
2168:
2156:
2122:
2101:
2081:
2049:
2020:
2019:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1929:"Magnus Maximus"
1927:Kessler, Peter.
1924:
1918:
1913:S Davies trans,
1911:
1905:
1898:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1590:
1584:
1577:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1417:
1411:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1316:
1159:since his days.
1129:Queen of Camelot
1111:The Hollow Hills
1088:Later literature
901:Duke of Cornwall
880:
877:
846:
843:
712:Pillar of Eliseg
682:Pillar of Eliseg
658:
655:
616:Pillar of Eliseg
609:
606:
594:Anicius Olybrius
543:magister equitum
475:Gallic Chronicle
392:Maximus went to
350:Great Conspiracy
342:Count Theodosius
285:Great Conspiracy
259:
246:
241:
194:
110:
60:
59:
56:
52:
40:
28:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5839:
5719:Battle of Badon
5697:
5643:Uther Pendragon
5503:Penda of Mercia
5493:Owain mab Urien
5393:Maelgwn Gwynedd
5383:Lud son of Heli
5378:Lucius Tiberius
5358:Leir of Britain
5303:Jago of Britain
5248:Queen Gwendolen
5173:Goffar the Pict
4948:Capetus Silvius
4771:
4722:
4685:
4680:
4650:
4645:
4608:
4521:
4492:Llamhigyn y Dŵr
4400:Adar Llwch Gwin
4392:
4386:
4072:Dywel fab Erbin
4007:Caradog ap Bran
3926:
3868:
3821:Preiddeu Annwfn
3799:
3753:Texts and tales
3748:
3745:Welsh mythology
3737:
3731:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3633:Gallic emperors
3621:
3309:Constantine VII
3090:Constantine III
3077:
3074:
3063:
2972:
2964:
2903:Valentinian III
2891:Constantius III
2885:Priscus Attalus
2869:Constantine III
2855:
2847:
2737:Valerius Valens
2682:
2674:
2520:
2512:
2471:Didius Julianus
2451:Marcus Aurelius
2368:
2360:
2350:
2316:
2301:
2299:
2296:King of Britain
2291:
2276:
2272:
2253:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2223:
2197:
2196:383–388
2195:
2187:
2162:
2161:
2160:Magnus Maximus
2129:
2119:
2104:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2058:J.R. Martindale
2052:
2046:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:Pan. Lat. II.34
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1482:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1400:
1387:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1320:Birley, Anthony
1318:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1165:
1163:Primary sources
1134:Rudyard Kipling
1102:Pendragon Cycle
1090:
1056:Church in Wales
1052:
1032:
978:
972:
878:
854:
844:
829:
700:Emperor Maximus
656:
632:
607:
574:
508:
428:
367:
334:
329:
239:
219:
188:
187:
157:
130:
108:
75:
61:
49:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5986:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5880:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5857:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5778:Molmutine Laws
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5743:
5738:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:Sawyl Penuchel
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5558:Rhydderch Hael
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5398:Magnus Maximus
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5273:Humber the Hun
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5018:Conan Meriadoc
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Cassivellaunus
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4943:Cap of Britain
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:Cadfan ap Iago
4910:
4905:
4903:Brutus of Troy
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4695:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:Cross of Neith
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4596:
4591:
4569:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4477:Gwragedd Annwn
4474:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Aderyn y Corff
4407:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4252:Madoc ap Uthyr
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Iddog ap Mynio
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3766:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3592:
3587:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3452:
3428:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3388:Theodora (III)
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3284:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3250:
3238:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:Constantine VI
3200:
3195:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:Theodosius III
3164:
3159:
3154:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3112:Constantine IV
3109:
3104:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:Eastern Empire
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2881:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2853:Western Empire
2846:
2845:
2838:
2826:Magnus Maximus
2822:
2820:Valentinian II
2817:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2752:Constantius II
2749:
2747:Constantine II
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Antoninus Pius
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2369:27 BC – AD 235
2362:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2264:
2244:
2236:Valentinian II
2234:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2217:Valentinian II
2215:
2212:
2201:Valentinian II
2188:
2185:Valentinian II
2179:
2175:
2174:
2173:Regnal titles
2170:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2128:
2127:External links
2125:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2050:
2044:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2014:
1996:
1989:
1971:
1945:
1919:
1906:
1888:
1872:
1853:
1834:
1822:, ed. (1841),
1811:
1805:
1781:
1767:
1747:
1733:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1632:(1): 391–415.
1612:
1605:
1585:
1579:K Cooper ed.,
1572:
1566:A Momigliano,
1559:
1552:
1543:Magnus Maximus
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1463:
1459:Errington 2006
1451:
1449:, p. 154.
1439:
1432:
1412:
1385:
1358:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1280:
1277:Historia Sacra
1273:
1272:II.6;III.11,13
1264:
1255:
1246:
1241:, who wrote a
1236:
1226:
1218:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1164:
1161:
1151:, recorded by
1124:Nancy McKenzie
1089:
1086:
1051:
1048:
1031:
1028:
974:Main article:
971:
968:
913:Conan Meriadoc
853:
850:
828:
825:
644:Hadrian's Wall
631:
628:
573:
572:Fate of family
570:
507:
504:
427:
426:Administration
424:
406:Valentinian II
366:
363:
333:
330:
328:
325:
297:Valentinian II
236:Magnus Maximus
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
218:
217:
212:
203:
197:
195:
181:
180:
174:
170:
169:
154:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
123:
122:Valentinian II
120:
113:
111:
105:
104:
102:Valentinian II
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
69:
63:
62:
41:
33:
32:
31:Magnus Maximus
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5985:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Sisillius III
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Myrddin Wyllt
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Julius Caesar
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Edern ap Nudd
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4737:Roman de Brut
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Plentyn Newid
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Adar Rhiannon
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4257:Macsen Wledig
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Hueil mab Caw
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Edern ap Nudd
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Dylan ail Don
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:Bendigeidfran
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
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3811:
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3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
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3426:
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3414:
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3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
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3384:
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3379:
3376:
3374:
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3359:
3356:
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3344:
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3336:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3270:Theodora (II)
3268:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:Constantine V
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Anastasius II
3160:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Theodosius II
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Valentinian I
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:Constantine I
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:Constantius I
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
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2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
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2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
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2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2192:Roman emperor
2186:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2167:28 August 388
2166:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2077:0-521-07233-6
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:Jones, A.H.M.
2051:
2047:
2045:0-8078-3038-0
2041:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2015:0-907628-71-0
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1990:0-7134-4089-9
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1806:0-7102-1215-1
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1748:
1736:
1734:0-521-41485-7
1730:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1606:9781107023369
1602:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:Historia Nova
1510:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1433:9780907158738
1429:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1301:Historia Nova
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1062:or temple of
1061:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:Old King Cole
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
985:
984:
980:Although the
977:
969:
967:
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
892:
888:
884:
873:
872:
868:'s fictional
867:
864:According to
858:
851:
849:
839:
834:
826:
824:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
766:
760:
755:
753:
752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
689:
688:
683:
678:
674:
672:
671:
664:
662:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
579:
571:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
501:
497:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
476:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
442:
437:
433:
425:
423:
422:in the West.
421:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
262:Roman emperor
258:
254:
253:Macsen Wledig
250:
245:
237:
229:
226:
222:
216:
213:
211:
209:
204:
202:
199:
198:
196:
193:
192:
186:
182:
179:(traditional)
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:28 August 388
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
112:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
68:
67:Roman emperor
64:
46:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5865:
5853:
5827:
5798:River Malvam
5745:
5733:
5603:Sisillius II
5473:Octa of Kent
5408:Queen Marcia
5403:Mandubracius
5397:
5278:Iago ap Beli
4764:
4757:
4750:
4744:
4735:
4728:Translations
4716:Vita Merlini
4714:
4706:
4698:
4627:(Caledfwlch)
4512:Twrch Trwyth
4420:Brenin Llwyd
4347:Saint Cyllin
4256:
4172:Gwyn ap Nudd
4042:Cyledr Wyllt
3919:
3907:
3900:
3895:Welsh Triads
3893:
3886:
3879:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3762:
3743:
3600:Andronikos V
3598:
3581:
3529:
3497:
3475:
3463:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3422:
3416:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3290:
3273:
3261:
3244:
3232:
3226:
3213:Nikephoros I
3188:
3187:
3181:
3148:
3145:Justinian II
3140:Tiberius III
3130:Justinian II
3121:
3115:
3098:
3050:
3022:Anastasius I
3013:
2957:
2953:Julius Nepos
2945:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2815:Theodosius I
2802:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2732:Maximinus II
2719:
2621:
2604:
2591:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2494:
2456:Lucius Verus
2302:
2294:
2257:Theodosius I
2254:
2248:Roman consul
2246:
2221:Theodosius I
2205:Theodosius I
2199:
2190:
2164:
2148:
2142:Roman Empire
2141:
2133:
2107:
2087:
2066:
2034:
2005:
1999:
1980:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1866:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1814:
1796:
1772:. Retrieved
1757:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1723:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1404:ed. (1924),
1361:
1351:
1345:
1333:
1327:
1314:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1166:
1157:Welsh people
1146:
1137:
1127:
1109:
1106:Mary Stewart
1091:
1079:
1068:
1053:
1033:
1021:
1015:
1009:
993:
987:
981:
979:
963:
961:
942:
937:
895:
869:
863:
838:Welsh Triads
830:
827:Welsh legend
814:
808:in 409, see
799:
769:
762:
757:
749:
747:
720:
699:
695:
693:
685:
668:
665:
647:
633:
583:
575:
555:
541:
538:Andragathius
536:
509:
493:
489:
474:
446:
439:
429:
417:
391:
368:
335:
317:Theodosius I
274:
235:
234:
214:
205:
189:
117:Theodosius I
42:
25:
5888:330s births
5818:Trinovantum
5668:Vortiporius
5623:Tasciovanus
5598:Sisillius I
5418:Marganus II
5193:Gorbonianus
5073:Saint David
4833:King Arthur
4788:Saint Alban
4766:Merlínússpá
4759:Breta sögur
4588:Caer Dathyl
4517:Tylwyth Teg
4391:Animals and
4352:Saint Eigen
4262:Mallt-y-Nos
3915:Giant tales
3659:(1224–1242)
3653:(1204–1461)
3442:Konstantios
3319:Christopher
3292:Constantine
3282:Michael III
3263:Constantine
3246:Constantine
3228:Theophylact
3157:Philippicus
3107:Constans II
3032:Justinian I
2928:Severus III
2876:Constans II
2630:Claudius II
2606:Silbannacus
2553:Gordian III
2528:Maximinus I
2496:Diadumenian
1964:13 November
1867:Y Cymmrodor
1848:Y Cymmrodor
1447:McLynn 1994
1245:for Maximus
1153:Dafydd Iwan
909:Southampton
879: 1136
845: 1100
600:(Bishop of
465:St. Ambrose
453:Priscillian
283:during the
109:Co-emperors
88:Predecessor
5958:Mabinogion
5893:388 deaths
5882:Categories
5428:Mempricius
5233:Gurgustius
5223:Gurgintius
5083:Diocletian
5078:Digueillus
5063:Cunobeline
5058:Cunedagius
4863:Beldgabred
4838:Arvirargus
4813:Amphibalus
4793:Albanactus
4776:Characters
4743:Layamon's
4636:Llech Ronw
4430:Ceffyl Dŵr
4382:Ysbaddaden
4372:Tegid Foel
4322:Penpingion
4142:Gronw Pebr
4117:Gilfaethwy
4027:Creiddylad
4012:Caswallawn
3982:Blodeuwedd
3935:Characters
3888:Cad Goddeu
3436:Andronikos
3424:Nikephoros
3373:Michael IV
3338:Romanos II
3258:Theophilos
3253:Michael II
3234:Staurakios
3218:Staurakios
3190:Nikephoros
3183:Artabasdos
3095:Heraclonas
3052:Theodosius
3010:Basiliscus
2770:Nepotianus
2763:Magnentius
2757:Constans I
2710:Severus II
2690:Diocletian
2635:Quintillus
2600:Aemilianus
2593:Volusianus
2538:Gordian II
2503:Elagabalus
2366:Principate
1938:13 January
1915:Mabinogion
1774:13 January
1740:13 January
1526:D Divine,
1402:J. B. Bury
1377: 700
1370: 500
1307:References
1116:Jack Whyte
1001:Caernarfon
983:Mabinogion
657: 540
608: 514
516:Richomeres
485:Diocletian
5854:Wikiquote
5793:Riothamus
5741:Excalibur
5658:Vortigern
5653:Vespasian
5543:Redechius
5528:Porrex II
5513:Peredurus
5498:Pandrasus
5243:Gwenddydd
5218:Guithelin
5213:Guinevere
5208:Guiderius
5158:Fulgenius
5148:Eudaf Hen
5143:Estrildis
5138:Enniaunus
4998:Cledaucus
4968:Carausius
4963:Caradocus
4958:Caracalla
4928:Cadwaladr
4868:Beli Mawr
4823:Archgallo
4818:Andragius
4719:(c. 1150)
4711:(c. 1136)
4703:(c. 1135)
4625:Excalibur
4576:Aberffraw
4548:Caer Sidi
4526:Locations
4455:Cyhyraeth
4450:Cŵn Annwn
4445:Coraniaid
4393:creatures
4362:Seithenyn
4317:Penarddun
4277:Matholwch
4267:Manawydan
4182:Gwalchmei
4107:Euroswydd
4037:Cyhyraeth
3972:Beli Mawr
3957:Arianrhod
3805:Arthurian
3678:Classical
3663:Empresses
3647:(286–296)
3641:(267–273)
3635:(260–274)
3378:Michael V
3304:Alexander
3117:Heraclius
3085:Heraclius
3037:Justin II
2947:Glycerius
2934:Anthemius
2804:Procopius
2742:Martinian
2721:Maxentius
2650:Florianus
2623:Saloninus
2618:Gallienus
2587:Hostilian
2563:Philip II
2533:Gordian I
2481:Caracalla
2416:Vespasian
2411:Vitellius
2241:Eutropius
2062:J. Morris
1654:253923880
1646:0009-8388
1513:Zosimus,
1500:Orosius,
1476:Britannia
1346:2.48.5: '
1336:(1): 24.
1254:V.8; V.11
1243:panegyric
1233:Chronicon
1148:Yma o Hyd
1144:folk song
1060:Mithraeum
997:Segontium
897:Caradocus
891:Eudaf Hen
802:Gallaecia
783:Riothamus
620:Vortigern
614:, on the
496:synagogue
434:(Treves,
338:Gallaecia
299:retained
291:, and in
289:Britannia
277:Gallaecia
143:Gallaecia
98:Successor
5753:Lailoken
5663:Vortimer
5618:Taliesin
5523:Porrex I
5458:Morvidus
5453:Morgause
5433:Merianus
5413:Marganus
5368:King Lot
5363:Locrinus
5338:Kinarius
5333:Kimarcus
5188:Gorboduc
5168:Gerennus
5128:Elidurus
5098:Ebraucus
5088:Dionotus
5053:Corineus
5008:Coel Hen
5003:Clotenus
4993:Claudius
4983:Catigern
4978:Catellus
4893:Brennius
4858:Bedivere
4843:Ascanius
4828:Archmail
4803:Allectus
4542:Celliwig
4538:Cornwall
4487:Gwyllion
4460:Dreigiau
4367:Taliesin
4342:Rhiannon
4222:Llefelys
4202:Hychddwn
4132:Gofannon
4082:Efnysien
4017:Ceridwen
3977:Bleiddwn
3967:Afallach
3947:Amaethon
3881:Taliesin
3763:Mabinogi
3673:Usurpers
3668:Augustae
3626:See also
3531:Nicholas
3353:Basil II
3150:Tiberius
3135:Leontius
3123:Tiberius
3100:Tiberius
3078:610–1453
3073:Eastern/
3027:Justin I
2980:Arcadius
2940:Olybrius
2922:Majorian
2863:Honorius
2842:Eugenius
2777:Vetranio
2727:Licinius
2700:Galerius
2695:Maximian
2680:Dominate
2670:Numerian
2640:Aurelian
2613:Valerian
2558:Philip I
2548:Balbinus
2543:Pupienus
2491:Macrinus
2466:Pertinax
2461:Commodus
2426:Domitian
2391:Claudius
2386:Caligula
2381:Tiberius
2376:Augustus
2307:(regent)
2305:Dionotus
2289:Octavius
2274:Promotus
2269:Timasius
2064:(1971).
1517:4.35.2-3
1410:, p. 238
1322:(1983).
1279:II.49-51
1235:384; 388
1197:II.13-14
1177:XXXI.4.9
1120:M J Trow
1071:Edward I
1044:Eburacum
1036:Coel Hen
1030:Coel Hen
945:Dionotus
938:lled-taw
930:Brittany
922:Armorica
905:Frankish
883:Coel Hen
771:Armorica
765:Brittany
743:Galloway
739:Scotland
735:Novantae
731:Votadini
727:Damnonii
652:written
636:Pennines
586:Ennodius
562:Arbogast
552:Poetovio
532:Marcomer
524:Aquileia
449:heretics
419:Augustus
361:in 381.
309:Hispania
305:Pannonia
275:Born in
224:Religion
215:"Maxima"
159:Aquileia
147:Hispania
70:(in the
5788:Pridwen
5783:Nennius
5648:Venissa
5638:Urianus
5628:Trahern
5568:Rivallo
5508:Peredur
5448:Mordred
5348:Lavinia
5343:Latinus
5328:Keredic
5323:Sir Kay
5298:Innogen
5288:Igraine
5283:Idvallo
5258:Helenus
5198:Gorlois
5183:Goneril
4888:Bledudo
4873:Belinus
4603:Ludgate
4594:Ireland
4584:Ardudwy
4572:Gwynedd
4562:Arberth
4497:Morgens
4482:Gwyllgi
4377:Teyrnon
4357:Sanddef
4332:Pryderi
4327:Peredur
4302:Myrddin
4297:Morfran
4292:Morfydd
4192:Hefeydd
4177:Gwythyr
4167:Gwydion
4112:Geraint
4097:Eliwlod
4062:Drudwas
4032:Culhwch
3997:Branwen
3683:Eastern
3583:Matthew
3477:Alexios
3325:Stephen
3287:Basil I
3172:Leo III
3047:Maurice
2990:Marcian
2973:395–610
2897:Joannes
2856:395–480
2810:Gratian
2683:284–610
2665:Carinus
2645:Tacitus
2521:235–285
2441:Hadrian
2300:383–388
2181:Gratian
2145:account
2026:Sources
1383:, p. 48
1298:Zosimus
1270:Dialogi
1258:Sozomen
1229:Prosper
1221:Pacatus
1212:Orosius
1202:Nennius
1064:Mithras
1012:Conanus
964:History
953:Ireland
926:Conanus
887:Britons
500:Ambrose
481:Gnostic
414:Ambrose
387:Zosimus
383:Orosius
379:Iranian
371:Gratian
319:at the
270:Gratian
264:in the
92:Gratian
44:Solidus
5768:Logres
5709:Avalon
5702:Topics
5633:Turnus
5563:Rience
5443:Millus
5438:Merlin
5388:Maddan
5163:Gawain
5153:Ferrex
5103:Edadus
5068:Danius
5013:Coilus
4988:Cherin
4953:Capoir
4878:Bladud
4783:Aeneas
4599:London
4566:Gwales
4440:Coblyn
4307:Nisien
4287:Modron
4207:Hyddwn
4187:Hafgan
4157:Gwrhyr
4127:Goewin
4102:Eufydd
3987:Bedwyr
3962:Arthur
3828:Pa gur
3736:series
3445:&
3421:&
3328:&
3299:Leo VI
3275:Thekla
3231:&
3198:Leo IV
3120:&
3059:Phocas
3015:Marcus
3000:Leo II
2916:Avitus
2833:Victor
2798:Valens
2788:Jovian
2783:Julian
2655:Probus
2590:&
2570:Decius
2518:Crisis
2436:Trajan
2209:Victor
2198:With:
2163:
2115:
2095:
2074:
2060:&
2042:
2012:
1987:
1803:
1765:
1731:
1652:
1644:
1603:
1550:
1504:7.34.9
1430:
1263:VII.13
1217:VII.34
1208:27; 29
1190:Gildas
1023:Breton
899:, the
791:Breton
779:Attila
775:Aetius
733:, and
661:Gildas
612:Sevira
566:Victor
548:Siscia
530:under
528:Franks
477:of 452
457:heresy
313:Africa
311:, and
240:Latin:
208:Sevira
201:Victor
191:Detail
173:Spouse
167:Italia
126:Victor
119:(East)
5678:Ywain
5478:Oenus
5133:Eliud
5118:Eldol
4923:Cador
4918:Cadoc
4691:Works
4613:Items
4580:Arfon
4558:Dyfed
4533:Annwn
4470:White
4435:Cewri
4415:Afanc
4337:Pwyll
4312:Olwen
4247:Mabon
4242:Llwyd
4237:Lludd
4217:Idris
4152:Gwern
4147:Gwawl
4052:Cynon
4022:Cigfa
3952:Arawn
3873:Other
3241:Leo V
3208:Irene
2995:Leo I
2660:Carus
2431:Nerva
2421:Titus
2401:Galba
2353:Roman
2303:with
2255:with
2165:Died:
1650:S2CID
1186:V.5-6
1017:Welsh
1005:Helen
986:tale
817:Alans
806:Suebi
795:Gallo
787:Goths
723:Picts
708:Gwent
704:Powys
698:, or
602:Pavia
512:Milan
461:magic
436:Trier
410:Bauto
398:Paris
375:Alans
359:Scots
355:Picts
301:Italy
249:Welsh
185:Issue
80:Reign
5578:Runo
5353:Leil
5268:Hoel
4745:Brut
4507:Pwca
4282:Menw
4272:Math
4232:Llŷr
4227:Lleu
4087:Elen
3597:(w.
3580:(w.
3528:(w.
3499:John
3496:(w.
3474:(w.
3462:(w.
3433:(w.
3415:(w.
3316:(w.
3289:(w.
3272:(w.
3260:(w.
3243:(w.
3225:(w.
3186:(w.
3147:(w.
3114:(w.
3097:(w.
3049:(w.
3012:(w.
3005:Zeno
2872:(w.
2829:(w.
2620:(w.
2584:(w.
2572:(w.
2560:(w.
2493:(w.
2486:Geta
2406:Otho
2396:Nero
2355:and
2259:and
2219:and
2207:and
2183:and
2113:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2072:ISBN
2040:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1966:2015
1940:2020
1801:ISBN
1776:2020
1763:ISBN
1742:2020
1729:ISBN
1642:ISSN
1601:ISBN
1548:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1132:and
957:Rome
918:Gaul
833:Elen
793:and
706:and
680:The
640:Deva
467:and
402:Lyon
394:Gaul
357:and
327:Life
293:Gaul
266:West
177:Elen
153:Died
139:Born
72:West
58:aug·
55:p·f·
51:d·n·
4465:Red
4057:Dôn
4002:Cai
3418:Leo
3363:Zoe
2609:(?)
2252:388
1634:doi
1338:doi
1136:'s
1126:'s
1108:'s
1100:'s
5884::
4586:,
4582:,
4578:,
4564:,
3439:,
3322:,
2271:,
2238:,
2203:,
2056:;
1956:.
1931:.
1891:^
1875:^
1846:,
1826:,
1784:^
1648:.
1640:.
1630:72
1628:.
1624:.
1474:.
1388:^
1374:c.
1367:c.
1344:.
1334:66
1332:.
1326:.
1286:XX
1204:'
1114:,
1104:,
876:c.
842:c.
812:.
729:,
718:.
659:,
654:c.
626:.
622:,
605:c.
540:,
307:,
303:,
272:.
251::
247:;
165:,
161:,
145:,
74:)
4675:e
4668:t
4661:v
4605:)
4601:(
4590:)
4574:(
4568:)
4560:(
4544:)
4540:(
3726:e
3719:t
3712:v
3603:)
3586:)
3534:)
3502:)
3480:)
3468:)
3451:)
3427:)
3334:)
3295:)
3278:)
3266:)
3249:)
3237:)
3194:)
3153:)
3126:)
3103:)
3055:)
3018:)
2880:)
2837:)
2626:)
2596:)
2578:)
2566:)
2499:)
2345:e
2338:t
2331:v
2121:.
2080:.
2048:.
2018:.
1993:.
1968:.
1942:.
1778:.
1744:.
1656:.
1636::
1609:.
1556:.
1436:.
1372:–
1354:.
1340::
1200:'
1014:(
999:(
874:(
238:(
210:"
206:"
23:.
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