786:
224:, leading opponent of the Barcids, placed several questions to Mago, which took most of the gloss off Mago's presentation. Still, the Senate members were impressed enough to vote sending 4,000 Numidian cavalry, 40 war elephants and 500 talents to Italy, and Mago was instructed to raise additional 20,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry from Spain for Hannibal. Mago's army, numbering 12,000 infantry, 1,500 cavalry, 20 war elephants, with 1,000 talents was raised slowly, perhaps due to anti Barcid intrigues.
307:, defeated and killed Publius Scipio, then with the combined armies joined Hasdrubal to defeat and kill Gnaeus Scipio, all in a span of 23 days. However, the lack of coordination after the battle led to the escape of the Roman survivors, about 8,000 men, to the north of the Ebro river. These men checked Carthaginian attacks twice, and were reinforced by 20,000 troops from Italy in 210 BC.
948:
436:, however, Mago survived the war and stayed with his brother Hannibal for several years, until the Carthaginians ordered his arrest around 193 BC. He managed to escape, but either died in a shipwreck or was killed by his slaves. Most historians, however, give little credit to Nepos and prefer Livy's version.
404:
for nearly three years, warring with the mountain tribes and gathering troops. The Romans devoted seven legions to maintain watch over him and guard northern Italy, but no general action was fought. In 204 BC, Mago was reinforced with 6,000 infantry and some cavalry from
Carthage. The Romans refused
348:
in 207 BC; Hanno was captured, but Mago managed to lead a few thousand survivors to Gades, where he joined forces with
Hasdrubal Gisco. The Carthaginians dispersed their army in several towns and focused on recruiting new mercenaries. This tactic frustrated the strategy of Scipio to force a decisive
298:
The coordination of the three
Carthaginian armies was crucial in defeating and killing the Scipio brothers and destroying most of the Roman forces in Hispania in the battles that followed. The Scipios had split their army—Publius Scipio marching west with 20,000 soldiers to attack Mago near Castulo,
283:
in 214 BC, and also aided in keeping the
Hispanic tribes loyal to Carthage. On the whole, the Carthaginians managed to maintain the balance of power in Hispania despite the efforts of the Scipios, but failed to send any aid to Hannibal. The situation was favorable enough, as in 212 BC, Hasdrubal
439:
The ability of Mago as a field commander can be glimpsed from his actions at the battles of Trebia and Cannae, where his failure might have doomed the
Carthaginian army. He was a capable cavalry leader, as his repeated ambushes of the Romans in Iberia and Italy demonstrate.
219:
fallen at Cannae to the
Carthaginian Senate, requesting reinforcements for Hannibal at the end of his speech. This prompted the supporters of the Barcid party in the Senate to taunt their opponents, who had bitterly opposed any aid to Hannibal. In response,
288:, king of Numidian tribes, without the Scipios causing any disruptions in Hispania. Mago and Hasdrubal Gisco guarded the Carthaginian possessions in Iberia without difficulty, despite the Scipios outnumbering their armies during the absence of Hasdrubal.
425:, who was allied to Carthage, in Africa. Mago and his army sailed from Italy in 202 BC under the escort of the Punic fleet, and was unmolested by the Roman navy as he made for Africa. Before arriving in Carthage, however, he died of his wound at
371:
in 206 BC. He led an assault on
Cartagena, believing the city to be lightly held, and was beaten back with severe losses. On returning, he found the gates of Gades barred. After crucifying the city magistrates for treason, he sailed away to the
416:
was an indecisive Roman victory, but Mago was severely wounded. Soon after the battle, he was recalled back to
Carthage along with Hannibal to aid in its defence, as the future Scipio Africanus major had shattered the armies of
295:) with 10,000 troops, Mago near Castulo with another 10,000, and Hasdrubal near Amtorgis with 15,000 soldiers. The Scipios planned to confront the Carthaginians simultaneously and comprehensively destroy their armies.
239:) as reinforcements for Hasdrubal instead. But the Carthaginian Senate did not entirely ignore the Italian front for once. The force of 4,000 Numidian cavalry and 40 war elephants was sent to
188:, he commanded the detachment that ambushed the Romans, breaking down their battle array. After the battle, Mago commanded the rearguard of the Carthaginian column as it marched south towards
993:
324:, Hasdrubal left Hispania to invade Italy and bring reinforcements to his brother Hannibal, who was operating in Lucania. Mago moved with his army to the area between the
363:
in 206 BC, Hasdrubal Gisco returned to Africa and Mago retreated to Gades with the remnants of his army. His deputy, another Hanno, was defeated by L. Marcius at the
766:
676:
333:
83:
Little is known about his early years, except that, unlike his brothers, he is not mentioned during the ambush in which his father was killed in 228 BC.
317:
in a daring expedition in 209 BC. Mago and his army was three days' march from
Cartagena at that time. The Carthaginians moved their base to Gades.
276:
313:
the
Younger, exploiting the lack of coordination between the Carthaginian generals, and the scattered location of their armies, ended up taking
345:
452:
in the Balearics was allegedly founded by him and still bears his name. The local egg sauce that is now consumed all over the world is called
344:, but they divided the army into two camps and relaxed their vigilance. Their army was surprised and scattered by Roman forces commanded by
211:
and Bruttium, Mago subdued several towns and brought over several to the Carthaginian side. From Bruttium, Mago sailed to Carthage, leaving
998:
291:
The Scipio brothers launched a major offensive in 211 BC. The Carthaginian armies were separated, Hasdrubal Gisco being near Gades (modern
759:
196:, Mago and Hannibal took position with the Gallic infantry at the center, in the most vulnerable and crucial position of the formation.
735:
716:
694:
637:
907:
847:
336:
with Hanno, a newly arrived general. Their mission was successful, as they gathered large masses of Spanish fighters, among them
267:), Mago received an independent command, a division that was to have grave consequences later. The two Barca brothers, aided by
752:
272:
384:
Mago then led a campaign to invade Italy (this time by sea) with 15,000 men in early summer 205 BC. The army sailed from
912:
917:
897:
244:
299:
while Gnaeus Scipio took 35,000 to attack Hasdrubal. Hasdrubal Gisco's force marched to join Mago who, aided by
892:
589:
983:
978:
882:
785:
279:) throughout 215–212 BC. Mago, in a cavalry ambush of Publius Cornelius Scipio, killed 2,000 Romans near
775:
352:
Mago enjoyed joint command of the new army and raided the Roman army with his cavalry. The foresight of
92:
862:
471:
185:
877:
857:
800:
367:, and Mago was unable to take advantage of the rebellion of Hispanic tribes under Indibilis or the
57:
872:
825:
795:
413:
341:
256:
216:
77:
731:
712:
690:
670:
633:
543:
499:
466:
426:
364:
356:, who had kept his cavalry outside camp in a hidden position, led to the defeat of this raid.
321:
260:
247:. These were the only significant reinforcements Hannibal was to receive from his government.
236:
228:
148:
988:
958:
704:
373:
353:
314:
310:
200:
193:
49:
45:
887:
867:
820:
433:
418:
368:
360:
268:
221:
212:
156:
73:
852:
810:
650:
409:
401:
160:
136:
96:
65:
61:
53:
23:
972:
654:
623:
129:
125:
37:
215:
in command of the Carthaginian garrison. Mago presented the golden rings of Roman
147:
Hannibal included Mago among the Carthaginian officers who accompanied him to the
627:
135:, which was borne by contemporary commanders. It had been used for Mago's father
393:
122:
118:
114:
937:
453:
280:
139:
and is used to distinguish his three sons from others who shared their names.
99:
304:
300:
947:
927:
922:
837:
815:
449:
337:
292:
264:
232:
204:
174:
152:
69:
744:
405:
to give battle and blocked Mago, preventing him from reaching Hannibal.
16:
Barcid Carthaginian who played an important role in the Second Punic War
932:
902:
805:
389:
385:
284:
managed to cross over to Africa with an army to crush the rebellion of
208:
422:
285:
189:
41:
397:
329:
325:
240:
181:
106:
842:
748:
271:, battled the Romans under the command of the Scipio brothers (
658:
510:
508:
180:
Mago fought at the side of Hannibal in the invasion of
596:
Loeb Classical Edn, pp. 3–9, at openlibrary.org
259:nominally commanded all Carthaginian forces in the
102:among the Carthaginian elite. It meant "Godsent".
231:reached Carthage, Mago and his army were sent to
184:, and played a key role in many battles. At the
994:Carthaginian commanders of the Second Punic War
243:in Bruttium, escorted by the Punic fleet under
760:
408:Finally, the Romans engaged him in battle in
64:and central Italy. Mago was the third son of
8:
44:family, who played an important role in the
421:, Hanno, son of Bomilcar, and had captured
767:
753:
745:
675:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
203:, Hannibal sent Mago with a detachment to
514:
227:However, when the news of the disastrous
207:(southern Italy). While marching through
488:
117:" or "shining". It is cognate with the
668:
567:
380:Third Carthaginian expedition to Italy
555:
7:
539:
495:
392:under the escort of 30 Carthaginian
192:through the marshes of Aino. In the
164:
27:
369:mutiny of the Roman troops at Sucro
332:rivers in a recruiting mission of
14:
946:
908:Himilco (commander of Lilybaeum)
784:
76:, and was the brother-in-law of
588:Moore, Frank Gardner (transl.)
359:After suffering defeat at the
273:Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus
1:
730:. Sutton Publishing Limited.
913:Himilco (fl. 3rd century BC)
999:3rd-century BC Punic people
1015:
918:Mago (agricultural writer)
396:. Mago managed to capture
365:Battle of the Guadalquivir
36:; died 202 BC) was a
955:
944:
898:Hasdrubal (quartermaster)
791:
782:
400:, and he held control of
629:Geschichte der Karthager
311:Publius Cornelius Scipio
277:Publius Cornelius Scipio
143:On the Italian Peninsula
105:The cognomen or epithet
893:Hasdrubal the Boetharch
709:Hannibal: Enemy of Rome
689:. Cooper Square Press.
594:, vol. VIII, bk. xxviii
883:Hanno, son of Bomilcar
128:and equivalent to the
776:Notable Carthaginians
726:Peddie, John (2005).
685:Baker, G. P. (1999).
632:, Munich: C.H. Beck,
346:Marcus Junius Silanus
320:In 208 BC, after the
199:After the victory of
68:, was the brother of
863:Hannibal the Rhodian
472:David Anthony Durham
186:Battle of the Trebia
48:, leading forces of
878:Hanno the Navigator
858:Hannibal Monomachus
848:Hamilcar (Drepanum)
801:Adherbal (governor)
334:Spanish mercenaries
826:Hasdrubal the Fair
796:Adherbal (admiral)
460:Mago in literature
414:Battle of Insubria
349:battle that year.
151:. Among them were
78:Hasdrubal the Fair
966:
965:
711:. Da Capo Press.
705:Cottrell, Leonard
605:Cornelius Nepos,
467:Pride of Carthage
322:Battle of Baecula
261:Iberian Peninsula
251:Iberian campaigns
237:Iberian Peninsula
229:Battle of Dertosa
149:Italian Peninsula
1006:
959:Ancient Carthage
950:
788:
769:
762:
755:
746:
741:
722:
700:
680:
674:
666:
646:
642:
610:
603:
597:
586:
580:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
537:
531:
524:
518:
515:Lendering (2002)
512:
503:
493:
456:after the city.
374:Balearic Islands
354:Scipio Africanus
194:Battle of Cannae
172:
171:
166:
111:
110:
46:Second Punic War
40:, member of the
35:
34:
29:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1003:
969:
968:
967:
962:
951:
942:
888:Hasdrubal Gisco
873:Hanno the Great
868:Hanno the Elder
821:Hasdrubal Barca
789:
778:
773:
738:
725:
719:
703:
697:
684:
667:
651:Lendering, Jona
649:
644:
640:
622:
619:
614:
613:
604:
600:
592:Ab Urbe Condita
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:, pp. 124.
566:
562:
558:, pp. 154.
554:
550:
538:
534:
525:
521:
513:
506:
494:
490:
485:
480:
462:
446:
434:Cornelius Nepos
419:Hasdrubal Gisco
382:
361:Battle of Ilipa
269:Hasdrubal Gisco
253:
222:Hanno the Great
213:Hanno the Elder
169:
168:
157:Hanno the Elder
145:
108:
107:
89:
32:
31:
28:𐤌𐤂𐤍 𐤁𐤓𐤒
17:
12:
11:
5:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
971:
970:
964:
963:
956:
953:
952:
945:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
853:Hannibal Gisco
850:
845:
840:
835:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Hannibal Barca
813:
811:Hamilcar Barca
803:
798:
792:
790:
783:
780:
779:
774:
772:
771:
764:
757:
749:
743:
742:
736:
728:Hannibal's War
723:
717:
701:
695:
682:
647:
638:
618:
615:
612:
611:
598:
581:
572:
560:
548:
532:
519:
504:
487:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
461:
458:
445:
442:
410:Cisalpine Gaul
402:northern Italy
381:
378:
252:
249:
144:
141:
88:
85:
66:Hamilcar Barca
54:Roman Republic
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1011:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:203 BC deaths
982:
980:
979:243 BC births
977:
976:
974:
961:
960:
954:
949:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
787:
781:
777:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
750:
747:
739:
737:0-7509-3797-1
733:
729:
724:
720:
718:0-306-80498-0
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
696:0-8154-1005-0
692:
688:
683:
678:
672:
664:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
639:9783406306549
635:
631:
630:
625:
621:
620:
616:
608:
602:
599:
595:
593:
585:
582:
576:
573:
569:
564:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:
529:
523:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
489:
482:
477:
473:
469:
468:
464:
463:
459:
457:
455:
451:
443:
441:
437:
435:
432:According to
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
411:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
375:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
296:
294:
289:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
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225:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:Barq and the
120:
116:
112:
103:
101:
98:
95:was a common
94:
86:
84:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
25:
21:
957:
830:
727:
708:
686:
662:
659:
655:"Mago Barca"
628:
624:Huss, Werner
617:Bibliography
606:
601:
591:
584:
575:
563:
551:
535:
527:
522:
491:
465:
448:The Port of
447:
438:
431:
407:
394:quinqueremes
383:
358:
351:
319:
309:
297:
290:
254:
226:
198:
179:
159:, Muttines (
146:
132:
104:
90:
82:
52:against the
38:Carthaginian
19:
18:
665:, Amsterdam
645:(in German)
568:Peddie 2005
540:Huss (1985)
526:S. Lancel,
496:Huss (1985)
338:Cantabrians
263:(the Roman
123:Hebrew name
119:Arabic name
115:thunderbolt
973:Categories
938:Sophonisba
831:Mago Barca
661:Livius.org
609:, 7 and 8.
579:Livy 22.32
556:Baker 1999
542:, p.
498:, p.
478:References
454:mayonnaise
281:Akra Leuke
100:given name
20:Mago Barca
483:Citations
315:Cartagena
305:Masinissa
301:Indibilis
257:Hasdrubal
255:Although
165:𐤌𐤕𐤍
97:masculine
91:The name
74:Hasdrubal
928:Maharbal
923:Magonids
838:Carthalo
707:(1961).
687:Hannibal
671:citation
653:(2002),
626:(1985),
607:Hannibal
528:Hannibal
265:Hispania
245:Bomilcar
233:Hispania
205:Bruttium
175:Carthalo
153:Maharbal
137:Hamilcar
133:Keraunos
70:Hannibal
62:northern
50:Carthage
989:Barcids
933:Phameas
903:Himilco
806:Barcids
390:Liguria
386:Menorca
340:led by
217:equites
209:Lucania
113:means "
33:MGN BRQ
734:
715:
693:
636:
590:Livy:
444:Legacy
423:Syphax
412:. The
286:Syphax
201:Cannae
190:Latium
173:) and
58:Iberia
42:Barcid
530:p. 6.
450:Mahón
398:Genoa
342:Larus
330:Douro
326:Tagus
293:Cádiz
241:Locri
235:(the
182:Italy
161:Punic
130:Greek
126:Barak
24:Punic
843:Dido
732:ISBN
713:ISBN
691:ISBN
677:link
634:ISBN
328:and
303:and
275:and
93:Mago
87:Name
72:and
60:and
544:571
500:570
470:by
427:sea
388:to
170:MTN
109:BRQ
56:in
975::
673:}}
669:{{
657:,
643:.
507:^
429:.
376:.
177:.
167:,
163::
155:,
80:.
30:,
26::
768:e
761:t
754:v
740:.
721:.
699:.
681:.
679:)
546:.
517:.
502:.
22:(
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