337:, the system scans the road surface up to 15 meters ahead of the vehicle at speeds up to 130 km/h (81 mph), and it adjusts the shock damping at each wheel to account for imperfections in the road. Initially only available on 8-cylinder models and above, Magic Ride Control attempts to isolate the car's body by predicting rather than reacting to broken pavement and speed humps. The ABC has undergone major modifications for the new S-Class: the wheel damping is now continuously adjustable, the spring strut response has been improved and the pump efficiency has been further enhanced. A digital interface connects the control unit and the sensors, while the fast
51:
1536:
1154:
41:
2584:
1831:
1339:
31:
2574:
237:, which raises or lowers the vehicle in response to changing load (i.e. the loading or unloading of passengers or cargo). Each vehicle equipped with ABC has an “ABC Sport” button that allows the driver to adjust the suspension range for different driving style preferences. This feature allows the driver to adjust the suspension to maintain a more level ride in more demanding driving conditions.
1841:
1349:
289:
function was introduced. In strong gusts of crosswind, and depending on the direction and intensity of the wind having an effect on the vehicle, this system varies the wheel load distribution in such a way that the effects of winds are largely compensated or reduced to a minimum. For this purpose the
281:
in technical documentation. This updated suspension reduced body roll by 45% compared to the first generation ABC suspension. ABC Plus had an updated hydraulic system design, with shorter hydraulic lines, and the pulsation damper was relocated to be mounted directly on the tandem pump.
174:. The hydraulic pressure to the servos is supplied by a high pressure radial piston hydraulic pump, operating at 3,000psi. Accumulators regulate the hydraulic pressure, by means of an enclosed nitrogen bubble separated from the hydraulic fluid by a membrane.
593:
technology from aerospace, a variety of sensors and both analog and digital controllers. About 100 prototype cars and trucks (and several racing cars) were built for a wide variety of customers, with variants of the high bandwidth Lotus Active
901:
824:
777:
995:
731:"The 2019 Mercedes-Benz GLE 450 Has an Incredible Adaptive Suspension System - The new Mercedes SUV can lean into corners and adjust each wheel's suspension tuning individually and on the fly"
215:
in the direction of the suspension strut, and change the suspension length. This creates a force which acts on the suspension and dampening of the vehicle in the frequency range up to five
1043:
952:
578:
Designed a suspension that mixed passenger comfort and vehicle control, this system used linear electromagnetic motors, power amplifiers, control algorithms and computation speed.
845:
752:
601:
to commercialize the Lotus technology with electro-hydraulic servo valves designed by Moog. The joint venture was later purchased by the TRW Steering and
Suspension Division.
933:
799:
2160:
1606:
1877:
1385:
909:
211:
connected in parallel, as well as a hydraulically controlled adjusting cylinder, are located between the vehicle body and wheel. These components adjust the
2613:
1781:
800:"Mercedes-Benz Vario Research Car | Daimler > Technologie & Innovation > Einblicke in Forschung & Entwicklung > Forschungsfahrzeuge"
1120:
2618:
1457:
1257:
673:
U8 SUV and U9 sportscar. The suspension features the ability to drive with only three wheels fitted, and jump in the air while parked remaining level.
1007:
1771:
730:
902:"The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class - The aspiration: the best automobile in the world; Suspension: The world's first suspension system with "eyes""
2153:
949:
2623:
1252:
1247:
1175:
226:, which in this case lowers the vehicle up to 11 mm (0.43 in) between the speeds of 60–160 km/h (37–99 mph) for better
969:
849:
2455:
2077:
756:
2633:
1870:
1378:
930:
2146:
1206:
803:
637:
620:
377:
248:
177:
A total of 13 sensors continually monitor body movement and vehicle level and supply the ABC controller with new data every ten
163:
In the ABC system, a computer detects body movement from sensors located throughout the vehicle, and controls the action of the
1064:
1806:
1113:
341:
bus connects the control unit and the vehicle electronics. Processing power is more than double that of the previous system.
778:"Mercedes-Benz SL-Class AMG R230 2007-2012 Rear Left OEM HYDRAULIC REBUILD ABC Hydropneumatic Suspension Strut (2303202538)"
1242:
408:
2460:
1918:
1863:
1834:
1665:
1452:
1371:
1319:
1196:
590:
560:
545:
516:
468:
442:
424:
418:
403:
392:
345:
318:
291:
223:
34:
846:"Chassis and suspension: Agile steering, active suspension, adaptive brakes | Daimler Global Media Site > Home"
2347:
1567:
1444:
1324:
2410:
2400:
2239:
2072:
2054:
1493:
1462:
1314:
1309:
871:
2357:
2254:
2106:
1106:
564:
549:
534:
520:
506:
502:
494:
472:
460:
234:
194:
108:
71:
702:
181:. Four level sensors, one at each wheel measure the ride level of the vehicle, three accelerometers measure the
2405:
2382:
2362:
1958:
1933:
1352:
1044:"TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION GLOBAL WEBSITE | 75 Years of TOYOTA | Technical Development | Chassis"
530:
436:
207:, dive and squat during various driving maneuvers. A suspension strut, consisting of a steel coil spring and a
112:
77:
This suspension improves ride quality and allows for control of the vehicle body motions, allowing for reduced
2435:
1725:
1694:
1478:
1283:
286:
2608:
2304:
2259:
2064:
1514:
1342:
950:
http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1721304-1-1710008-1-0-0-1710107-0-1-12759-614216-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html
1844:
258:
The first complete and ready-for-production version of ABC was introduced in 1999 on the top-of-the-line
2279:
2101:
1913:
512:
240:
The reliable function of the ABC system requires a regular hydraulic oil change and filter replacement.
1740:
290:
ABC control unit uses the yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering angle and road speed sensors of the
2191:
1943:
1488:
1273:
1201:
648:
2628:
2450:
2224:
2084:
1898:
1483:
1394:
1211:
1143:
212:
2573:
1029:
2490:
1519:
1065:"1991 Infiniti Q45a Full-Active Suspension (since mid-year 1990 for North America ) specs review"
999:
881:
825:"Active Body Control: New Mercedes coupé comes with the very best chassis technology as standard"
655:
556:
541:
479:
413:
398:
387:
382:
372:
303:
266:
259:
252:
244:
182:
152:
96:
Mercedes-Benz has been experimenting with these capabilities for automobile suspension since the
54:
44:
931:
http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1549267-1-1597435-1-0-0-0-0-0-11702-0-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html
629:
was optionally equipped with "Full Active
Suspension", a world-first in production automobiles.
50:
2319:
2121:
1786:
1730:
1715:
1673:
1498:
644:
586:
487:
430:
357:
164:
148:
141:
101:
2539:
2299:
2274:
2089:
1968:
1735:
1720:
571:
122:
1535:
2549:
2475:
2470:
2377:
2372:
2324:
2169:
1983:
1973:
956:
937:
126:
82:
876:
352:. This new system allows the vehicle to lean up to 2.5 degrees into a turn, similar to a
1153:
185:
body acceleration, one acceleration sensor measures the longitudinal and one sensor the
40:
2554:
2465:
2415:
2367:
2289:
2017:
2007:
2002:
1903:
1755:
1638:
1630:
1288:
483:
208:
189:
body acceleration. As the ABC controller receives and processes data, it operates four
171:
137:
97:
598:
475:; leveraging the fact that gas/air absorbs force, while fluid transfers force smoothly
2602:
2587:
2544:
2485:
2480:
2314:
2199:
2094:
1963:
1928:
1614:
1417:
1278:
1129:
1003:
633:
616:
605:
524:
498:
464:
456:
353:
334:
322:
64:
2524:
2495:
2430:
2352:
2309:
2234:
2219:
2116:
2038:
1816:
1750:
1745:
1598:
1590:
1422:
1304:
1170:
626:
227:
203:
Almost instantaneously, the servo regulated suspension generates counter forces to
86:
78:
30:
17:
2577:
2529:
2519:
2425:
2284:
2264:
2248:
2244:
2229:
1997:
1992:
1923:
1622:
1580:
1427:
1180:
559:
selected models of E class had this technology (rear only hydraulic suspension)
186:
178:
2559:
2445:
2440:
2420:
2294:
2209:
2111:
1811:
1791:
1237:
905:
609:
582:
2329:
2269:
2214:
2033:
1953:
1908:
1657:
581:
Early-1980s through early '90s, Lotus
Engineering, the consultant branch of
575:
204:
190:
168:
2339:
2138:
1938:
1776:
1558:
670:
666:
1699:
1432:
636:
had a fully active hydraulic suspension system on the 1991 UZZ32 model:
338:
90:
1855:
1363:
2534:
1227:
129:
1098:
333:) that pre-loads the shocks for the road surface detected. Using a
2506:
2392:
1801:
1796:
608:
had a similar electronic control of hydraulic suspension, branded
360:
on the occupants and is available only on rear-wheel drive models
311:
216:
197:
67:
39:
970:"How the Active Curve Tilting Feature of the S-Class Coupe Works"
321:
introduced the series production version of PRE-SCAN, but with a
2510:
2204:
1948:
1550:
2142:
1859:
1367:
1102:
2181:
1093:
959:
Under the microscope: Curve tilting function - Curve artist
940:
Suspension: The world's first suspension system with "eyes"
597:
1986-Lotus
Engineering and Moog Inc. formed joint venture
537:
similar in technology, but not geometry, to Citroën design
996:"The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupé: The high-end coupé"
1088:
395:, standard on S600 and S65 AMG, optional on other trims
872:"2014 Mercedes-Benz S-class: "Effortless Superiority""
144:
450 4MATIC being the first AWD to have ABC available.
310:, an early prototype road scanning suspension, using
1782:
Mercedes-Benz and
Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance
753:"Mercedes-Benz S-Class, W 220 series (1998 to 2005)"
669:
introduces "DiSus" hydropneumatic suspension on the
2504:
2391:
2338:
2190:
2063:
2047:
2026:
2016:
1982:
1891:
1764:
1708:
1687:
1650:
1579:
1543:
1507:
1471:
1443:
1410:
1401:
1297:
1266:
1220:
1189:
1161:
1136:
356:. The leaning is intended to counter the effect of
348:introduced an update to Magic Body Control, called
651:as an extension to their Hydractive II suspension.
147:The production version was introduced at the 1999
1561:(through Tenaciou3 Prospect Investment Limited)
70:name used to describe electronically controlled
325:instead of laser projectors. The system dubbed
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
2154:
1871:
1379:
1114:
544:then new S class had even more sophisticated
8:
255:already featured prototype versions of ABC.
2161:
2147:
2139:
2023:
1878:
1864:
1856:
1407:
1386:
1372:
1364:
1121:
1107:
1099:
1458:Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
1258:Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
703:"Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220: 1998-2005)"
450:Timeline of active suspension development
109:hydropneumatic (fluid and air) suspension
724:
722:
720:
49:
29:
27:Type of automobile suspension technology
683:
314:sensors, based on Active Body Control.
329:is fitted with a road-sensing system (
81:in many driving situations including
7:
1840:
1348:
1253:Mercedes-Benz 9G-Tronic transmission
1248:Mercedes-Benz 7G-Tronic transmission
1176:Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia
1772:DaimlerChrysler–Mitsubishi alliance
1030:"2004 Mercedes-Benz S-Class Review"
729:CHRIS PERKINS (23 September 2018).
195:air and pressurized hydraulic fluid
2614:Automotive suspension technologies
2456:Electronic brakeforce distribution
230:, fuel consumption, and handling.
25:
269:introduced the second generation
2619:Automotive technology tradenames
2583:
2582:
2572:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1534:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1207:Mercedes-Benz U.S. International
1152:
638:Toyota Active Control Suspension
621:Toyota Active Control Suspension
486:on the 300SE model and the 1963
378:Mercedes-Benz Vario Research Car
249:Mercedes-Benz Vario Research Car
132:models were available only with
368:Vehicles, chronological order:
1807:Studebaker-Packard Corporation
1006:. 23 June 2014. Archived from
1:
1243:List of Mercedes-Benz engines
908:. 15 May 2013. Archived from
497:licensed technology from the
409:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216)
267:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216)
260:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C215)
222:The system also incorporates
2461:Electronic stability control
1919:Electronic Stability Control
1666:Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft
1320:Mercedes-Benz in Formula One
1197:Mercedes-Benz Classic Center
591:Electrohydraulic servo valve
561:height adjustable suspension
546:height adjustable suspension
517:height adjustable suspension
469:height adjustable suspension
443:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W223)
425:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (C217)
419:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)
404:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221)
393:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220)
319:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)
292:Electronic Stability Program
224:height adjustable suspension
35:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220)
2624:Vehicle safety technologies
2348:Ackermann steering geometry
1568:Kuwait Investment Authority
1325:Mercedes-Benz in motorsport
1094:Mercedes-Benz International
656:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class C215
414:Mercedes-Benz SL Class R231
399:Mercedes-Benz SL Class R230
388:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class C215
273:suspension, referred to as
233:The ABC system also allows
193:servos, each mounted on an
153:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class C215
45:Mercedes-Benz CL-Class C215
2650:
2411:Active rollover protection
1463:Mercedes-EQ Formula E Team
1315:Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week
870:Meiners, Jens (May 2013).
647:ACTIVA variant introduced
2568:
2177:
1825:
1639:smart Automobile Co. Ltd.
1532:
1333:
1150:
565:self-levelling suspension
550:self-levelling suspension
535:Hydropneumatic suspension
521:self-levelling suspension
503:hydropneumatic suspension
495:Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow
473:self-levelling suspension
461:hydropneumatic suspension
235:self-levelling suspension
72:hydropneumatic suspension
2634:Mechanical power control
2406:Anti-lock braking system
2200:Anti-roll bar (sway bar)
1067:. Automobile-catalog.com
531:Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9
437:Mercedes-Benz GLS (X167)
431:Mercedes-Benz GLE (C167)
121:ABC was only offered on
2436:Combined braking system
1695:Active Cylinder Control
599:Moog-Lotus Systems Inc.
445:: E-Active Body Control
439:: E-Active Body Control
433:: E-Active Body Control
306:concept introduced the
287:crosswind stabilization
2260:Independent suspension
1515:Mercedes-Benz Mobility
57:
55:Mercedes-Benz SL Class
47:
37:
2280:Multi-link suspension
780:. Rebuild Master Tech
649:active anti-roll bars
513:Maserati Quattroporte
482:platform featured an
467:- the first car with
344:In 2014 the new C217
200:, beside each wheel.
53:
43:
33:
1777:Chrysler Corporation
1274:Hans Werner Aufrecht
1202:Mercedes-Benz Museum
585:, experimented with
574:founder and CEO Dr.
427:: Magic Body Control
421:: Magic Body Control
350:Active Curve Tilting
2451:Electric park brake
1886:Automotive handling
1395:Mercedes-Benz Group
1233:Active Body Control
1212:Mercedes-Benz World
1144:Mercedes-Benz Group
1046:. Toyota-global.com
1010:on 24 December 2014
705:. 18 September 2018
660:Active Body Control
589:layouts, combining
308:PRE-SCAN suspension
271:Active Body Control
61:Active Body Control
2491:Regenerative brake
1741:JĂĽrgen E. Schrempp
1726:Karlfried Nordmann
1658:Benz & Company
1584:and joint ventures
1520:Mercedes-Benz Bank
1000:Stuttgart, Germany
976:. 16 February 2014
955:2016-03-04 at the
936:2015-01-02 at the
912:on 29 October 2013
882:Hearst Corporation
733:. Road & Track
557:Mercedes-Benz W124
542:Mercedes-Benz W126
480:Mercedes-Benz W112
383:Mercedes-Benz F200
373:Mercedes-Benz C112
327:Magic Body Control
304:Mercedes-Benz F700
298:Magic Body Control
253:Mercedes-Benz F200
245:Mercedes-Benz C112
58:
48:
38:
18:Magic Body Control
2596:
2595:
2401:Automatic braking
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2122:Semi-trailing arm
2098:
2081:
1853:
1852:
1787:Mitsubishi Motors
1731:Andreas Renschler
1716:Wolfgang Bernhard
1674:Mercedes (marque)
1530:
1529:
1361:
1360:
1284:Mercédès Jellinek
1089:Mercedes-Benz USA
998:(Press release).
904:(Press release).
587:active suspension
488:Mercedes-Benz 600
358:centrifugal force
331:Road Surface Scan
165:active suspension
149:Geneva Motor Show
142:Mercedes-Benz GLE
63:, or ABC, is the
16:(Redirected from
2641:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2540:Outline of tires
2275:MacPherson strut
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2119:
2092:
2090:MacPherson strut
2075:
2048:Semi-independent
2024:
1969:Vehicle dynamics
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1736:Hans Scherenberg
1678:
1670:
1662:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1572:
1564:
1555:
1538:
1418:Mercedes-Benz AG
1408:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1156:
1130:Mercedes-Benz AG
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
966:
960:
947:
941:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
877:Car & Driver
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
848:. Archived from
842:
836:
835:
833:
832:
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
802:. Archived from
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
774:
768:
767:
765:
764:
755:. Archived from
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
726:
715:
714:
712:
710:
699:
572:Bose Corporation
167:with the use of
140:, with the 2019
123:rear-wheel drive
21:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2564:
2513:
2509:
2500:
2476:Hydraulic fluid
2471:Hydraulic brake
2387:
2378:Torque steering
2373:Rack and pinion
2334:
2325:Wheel alignment
2240:Double wishbone
2186:
2173:
2167:
2137:
2128:
2073:Double wishbone
2059:
2043:
2012:
1978:
1974:Weight transfer
1887:
1884:
1854:
1849:
1821:
1760:
1704:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1553:
1539:
1526:
1503:
1467:
1439:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1362:
1357:
1329:
1293:
1262:
1216:
1185:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1132:
1127:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
994:
993:
989:
979:
977:
974:BenzInsider.com
968:
967:
963:
957:Wayback Machine
948:
944:
938:Wayback Machine
929:
925:
915:
913:
900:
899:
895:
886:
884:
869:
868:
864:
855:
853:
844:
843:
839:
830:
828:
823:
822:
818:
809:
807:
798:
797:
793:
783:
781:
776:
775:
771:
762:
760:
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
728:
727:
718:
708:
706:
701:
700:
685:
680:
452:
366:
300:
172:servomechanisms
161:
127:all-wheel drive
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2555:Whitewall tire
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Engine braking
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Brake bleeding
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Power steering
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Watt's linkage
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Shock absorber
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:Hydropneumatic
2252:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:control system
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2109:
2107:Sliding pillar
2104:
2099:
2087:
2082:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Center of mass
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1765:Related topics
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1756:Dieter Zetsche
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1298:Related topics
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1289:Erhard Melcher
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1084:
1083:External links
1081:
1078:
1077:
1056:
1035:
1021:
987:
961:
942:
923:
893:
862:
837:
816:
791:
769:
744:
716:
682:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
663:
652:
645:Citroën Xantia
641:
630:
623:
613:
602:
595:
579:
568:
553:
538:
527:
509:
507:self-levelling
491:
484:air suspension
476:
451:
448:
447:
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
390:
385:
380:
375:
365:
362:
299:
296:
209:shock absorber
160:
157:
138:air suspension
98:air suspension
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2646:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Mercedes-Benz
2607:
2606:
2604:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Rostyle wheel
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:Tires (Tyres)
2508:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Parking brake
2484:
2482:
2481:Inboard brake
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Unsprung mass
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:Chapman strut
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Unsprung mass
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Inboard brake
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:Ola Källenius
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1615:Daimler Truck
1613:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:Shareholdings
1578:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:Divisions and
1400:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:Emil Jellinek
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1162:Subsidiaries
1160:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1009:
1005:
1004:Mercedes-Benz
1001:
997:
991:
988:
975:
971:
965:
962:
958:
954:
951:
946:
943:
939:
935:
932:
927:
924:
911:
907:
903:
897:
894:
883:
879:
878:
873:
866:
863:
852:on 2015-01-01
851:
847:
841:
838:
826:
820:
817:
806:on 2015-03-04
805:
801:
795:
792:
779:
773:
770:
759:on 2016-03-04
758:
754:
748:
745:
732:
725:
723:
721:
717:
704:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
684:
677:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
650:
646:
642:
639:
635:
634:Toyota Soarer
631:
628:
624:
622:
618:
617:Toyota Celica
614:
611:
607:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
573:
569:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:
532:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:
449:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
363:
361:
359:
355:
354:tilting train
351:
347:
346:S-Class Coupe
342:
340:
336:
335:stereo camera
332:
328:
324:
323:stereo camera
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
302:In 2007, the
297:
295:
293:
288:
283:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:In 2006, the
263:
261:
256:
254:
251:and the 1996
250:
246:
241:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
119:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
66:
65:Mercedes-Benz
62:
56:
52:
46:
42:
36:
32:
19:
2525:Custom wheel
2496:Vacuum servo
2431:Brake lining
2353:Caster angle
2310:Trailing arm
2235:De Dion tube
2225:Car handling
2220:Camber angle
2180:Part of the
2179:
2117:Trailing arm
2039:De Dion tube
1899:Car handling
1817:BeiBen Truck
1751:Joachim Zahn
1746:Karl Wilfert
1688:Technologies
1651:Predecessors
1599:Beijing Benz
1591:Aston Martin
1494:South Africa
1404:subsidiaries
1305:BeiBen Truck
1232:
1171:Mercedes-AMG
1069:. Retrieved
1059:
1048:. Retrieved
1038:
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1008:the original
990:
978:. Retrieved
973:
964:
945:
926:
914:. Retrieved
910:the original
896:
885:. Retrieved
875:
865:
854:. Retrieved
850:the original
840:
829:. Retrieved
827:. 2006-09-04
819:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
794:
782:. Retrieved
772:
761:. Retrieved
757:the original
747:
735:. Retrieved
707:. Retrieved
659:
627:Infiniti Q45
515:II used the
463:designed by
367:
349:
343:
330:
326:
317:In 2013 the
316:
307:
301:
284:
278:
274:
270:
264:
257:
242:
239:
232:
228:aerodynamics
221:
202:
179:milliseconds
176:
162:
146:
136:semi-active
133:
120:
114:
103:
95:
87:accelerating
76:
60:
59:
2560:Wire wheels
2530:Drive wheel
2520:Alloy wheel
2426:Brake fluid
2305:Torsion bar
2285:Panhard rod
2265:Leaf spring
2245:Hydrolastic
2230:Coil spring
2065:Independent
1949:Tire / Tyre
1924:Fishtailing
1892:Main topics
1677:(1902–1926)
1669:(1886–1926)
1661:(1883–1926)
1623:Fujian Benz
1453:Formula One
1181:Mercedes-EQ
784:16 November
737:16 November
709:16 November
658:introduces
533:with fully
159:Description
151:on the new
125:models, as
2629:Auto parts
2603:Categories
2507:Roadwheels
2446:Drum brake
2441:Disc brake
2421:Brake fade
2383:Understeer
2295:Swing axle
2210:Axle track
2192:Suspension
2182:Automobile
2112:Swing axle
2102:Multi-link
2078:Jaguar IRS
2055:Twist beam
2018:Suspension
1959:Understeer
1944:Suspension
1812:Auto Union
1792:BAIC Group
1445:Motorsport
1411:Automobile
1310:Kompressor
1238:Comand APS
1190:Facilities
1164:and brands
1071:2020-01-15
1050:2020-01-15
1014:2 December
980:2 December
906:Daimler AG
887:2013-06-07
856:2015-01-01
831:2021-05-19
810:2015-01-08
763:2014-12-30
678:References
610:Hydractive
606:Citroën XM
583:Lotus Cars
525:Citroën SM
499:Citroën DS
465:Paul Magès
457:Citroën DS
285:In 2010 a
187:transverse
2363:Oversteer
2330:Wheelbase
2300:Toe angle
2270:Live axle
2215:Beam axle
2034:Beam axle
2027:Dependent
2003:Pneumatic
1954:Transaxle
1934:Oversteer
1909:Downforce
1508:Financial
1479:Argentina
576:Amar Bose
523:from the
505:offering
243:The 1991
205:body lean
191:hydraulic
169:hydraulic
83:cornering
79:body roll
2588:Category
2340:Steering
2249:Hydragas
2085:Dubonnet
1939:Steering
1914:Drifting
1835:Category
1634:(14.66%)
1626:(33.78%)
1618:(30.01%)
1559:Li Shufu
1472:Regional
1343:Category
1221:Products
953:Archived
934:Archived
671:Yangwang
667:BYD Auto
364:Vehicles
275:ABC Plus
213:cylinder
183:vertical
134:Airmatic
107:and the
2550:Spinner
2358:Kingpin
2170:Chassis
2008:Torsion
1845:Commons
1700:BlueTec
1571:(6.84%)
1563:(9.69%)
1554:(9.98%)
1433:Maybach
1353:Commons
594:system.
339:FlexRay
247:, 1995
111:of the
100:of the
91:braking
2578:Portal
2535:Hubcap
2393:Brakes
2184:series
1984:Spring
1709:People
1607:COMPAS
1594:(9.7%)
1544:Owners
1489:Mexico
1267:People
1228:4Matic
1137:Parent
916:7 June
294:ESP®.
279:ABC II
130:4MATIC
89:, and
2020:types
1986:types
1802:Denza
1797:Geely
1642:(50%)
1610:(50%)
1602:(49%)
1484:India
665:2023
654:1999
643:1994
632:1991
625:1991
619:with
615:1989
604:1989
570:1985
555:1984
540:1979
529:1975
511:1974
493:1965
490:model
478:1962
455:1955
312:lidar
217:hertz
198:strut
113:1974
102:1963
68:brand
2205:Axle
1998:Leaf
1993:Coil
1631:Here
1551:BAIC
1016:2014
982:2014
918:2013
786:2021
739:2021
711:2021
563:and
548:and
519:and
471:and
459:had
1499:USA
1423:AMG
277:or
115:6.9
104:600
2605::
1428:EQ
1002::
972:.
880:.
874:.
719:^
686:^
501::
262:.
219:.
155:.
118:.
93:.
85:,
74:.
2251:)
2247:(
2162:e
2155:t
2148:v
2124:)
2120:(
2097:)
2093:(
2080:)
2076:(
1879:e
1872:t
1865:v
1387:e
1380:t
1373:v
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1074:.
1053:.
1032:.
1018:.
984:.
920:.
890:.
859:.
834:.
813:.
788:.
766:.
741:.
713:.
662:.
640:.
612:.
567:.
552:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
