140:
61:
457:
33:
6716:
897:
355:. For a long time these generals were used in an ad hoc manner, being employed wherever they were needed. Eventually in the fifth century their positions became more firmly established, and there were two senior generals, who were each appointed to the office of
194:, had supported Constantine's enemy, Maxentius, he disbanded the Guard and deprived the Prefects of their military functions, reducing them to a purely civil office. To replace them, he created two posts: a commander of the
4885:
327:
and used it to functionally usurp emperor
Valentinian II, either killing him or driving him to suicide before appointing his own puppet emperor, Eugenius. In the west, the position (often under the title of
5595:
2287:
meaning 'captain-general of the army' in the 'Roman tongue'. By the time of writing in the mid-10th century working knowledge of Latin was mostly absent in the
Byzantine imperial court.
925:
396:
In the course of the 6th century, internal and external crises in the provinces often necessitated the temporary union of the supreme regional civil authority with the office of the
2964:
5828:
4808:
7025:
6755:
6704:
5058:
4959:
6392:
4969:
4902:
2851:
7060:
139:
4917:
4912:
3393:
286:
were assigned according to circumstances, with varying numbers employed in a given area. Some were directly in command of the local mobile field army of the
5993:
4979:
4954:
3435:
3423:
918:
703:
599:
109:. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the empire. In
6344:
6327:
4984:
4964:
3482:
515:
319:
having paramount authority (such as Bauto or
Merobaudes, the main power behind the appointment of emperor Valentinian II.) This tendency culminated in
7080:
6043:
5889:
5861:
5505:
5497:
4974:
4907:
2290:
By the 12th century, the term was being used to describe a man who organized the military force of a political or feudal leader on his behalf. In the
1535:
6239:
5600:
3398:
2347:
1583:
491:
6088:
4770:
3408:
2822:
1287:
657:
212:("master of horse"). These offices had precedents in the immediate imperial past, both in function and idea; the latter title had existed since
6568:
6093:
4715:
3403:
3137:
2794:
1643:
1577:
1502:
1074:
911:
577:
2786:
The Office of "Magister
Militum" in the 4th Century CE: a Study into the Impact of Political and Military Leadership on the Later Roman Empire
2374:
The office of "Magister
Militum" in the 4th century CE: a study into the impact of political and military leadership on the later Roman Empire
6492:
5252:
5245:
4801:
4685:
3510:
3037:
2637:
2610:
2381:
2338:'guard') β the supervisor of the military force. That this later use of these terms was based on the classical concept seems clear.
6748:
6103:
5391:
4775:
4650:
3803:
2209:
6244:
7192:
7098:
5235:
3356:
7197:
6573:
5986:
3027:
2670:
255:
7075:
7007:
6674:
5240:
4695:
3455:
3022:
3017:
2993:
2844:
2585:
1451:
803:
465:
262:
366:, with increasing military threats and the expansion of the Eastern Empire, the posts of the eastern generals were overhauled: the
5737:
4794:
4710:
3383:
3032:
2959:
2173:
2090:
1798:
481:
7187:
7093:
7032:
6741:
6709:
6531:
5063:
4831:
2976:
2909:
1595:
1565:
1553:
559:
379:
6886:
6679:
6669:
6541:
6462:
6148:
5720:
5664:
5585:
5452:
3730:
3655:
3413:
1028:
673:
634:
585:
248:
6280:
1179:
7182:
6536:
6526:
6441:
6196:
5981:
4226:
2039:
1966:
1932:
1712:
1523:
1143:
1131:
1113:
789:
722:
510:
241:
2185:
6610:
6578:
6482:
6191:
6163:
5971:
5510:
4066:
3670:
3122:
2837:
1347:
1323:
4765:
2759:
7012:
6975:
6334:
5976:
5823:
5580:
5331:
4690:
4449:
3505:
3388:
2934:
1688:
959:
320:
300:
remained at the immediate disposal of the emperors, and by the late fourth century or early fifth century were termed
1589:
6654:
6600:
6339:
6211:
6201:
5901:
5781:
5659:
5590:
5478:
5447:
5290:
5230:
4725:
4389:
4281:
4051:
3823:
3645:
3553:
3418:
3361:
2179:
2167:
1837:
1823:
1816:
1559:
608:
412:
in 584, this practice found its first permanent expression. Indeed, after the loss of the eastern provinces to the
7177:
6514:
6038:
5894:
5679:
5570:
5457:
4745:
3838:
3793:
3720:
3640:
3588:
3578:
3530:
2877:
2020:
1894:
1637:
1484:
1280:
1273:
1222:
1119:
1034:
337:
186:
defeated all other contemporary Roman emperors, which gave him control over their respective armies. Because the
7124:
7055:
6980:
5813:
5565:
5052:
4346:
4256:
3765:
3745:
3740:
3725:
3678:
3618:
3573:
3375:
2280:
818:
473:
4931:
7202:
6838:
6719:
6143:
5869:
5689:
5575:
4755:
4735:
4675:
4665:
4655:
4061:
3750:
3650:
3630:
3545:
3535:
3240:
3180:
2872:
2032:
1674:
7085:
6764:
6644:
6234:
6076:
5520:
5326:
5300:
5295:
5068:
5044:
5040:
5007:
4760:
4750:
4700:
4680:
4494:
4469:
4434:
4316:
4041:
3688:
3450:
2981:
2045:
1415:
685:
534:
413:
7103:
6985:
6362:
6216:
5406:
5316:
5280:
5165:
4895:
4890:
4730:
4660:
4484:
4236:
4036:
4031:
3828:
3735:
3660:
3623:
3608:
3583:
3563:
3465:
2471:
Hughes, Ian: Aetius: Attila's
Nemesis, p. 87, Heather, Peter: The Fall of the Roman Empire, pp. 262, 491
2191:
2057:
1766:
1736:
1626:
1460:
784:
520:
235:
183:
106:
5953:
425:
Supreme military commanders sometimes also took this title in early medieval Italy, for example in the
60:
6991:
6944:
6605:
6588:
6409:
6168:
6133:
6016:
5948:
5483:
5426:
4740:
4705:
4394:
4384:
4261:
4161:
4086:
3951:
3914:
3290:
2954:
2313:
2237:
2016:
774:
716:
438:
405:
308:
293:
53:
7044:
6949:
6833:
5515:
5431:
5421:
5285:
5048:
5036:
4923:
4670:
4519:
4321:
4191:
4141:
3460:
3057:
2322:
2197:
2099:
1850:
1830:
1810:
1760:
1658:
1648:
901:
625:
409:
167:
6715:
6593:
6583:
6457:
6128:
6011:
5928:
5791:
5143:
5123:
5103:
5093:
4859:
4720:
4444:
4251:
4106:
4046:
3966:
3909:
3773:
3009:
2988:
2811:
2257:
2063:
1016:
870:
430:
191:
125:(although these terms were also used non-technically to refer to commanders of different ranks).
73:
4359:
1050:
7070:
6649:
6554:
6487:
6467:
6435:
6367:
6354:
6275:
6270:
6021:
5786:
5636:
5155:
5108:
5098:
5088:
4354:
4206:
3961:
3921:
3899:
3107:
2666:
2662:
2633:
2627:
2606:
2581:
2377:
2123:
2105:
1792:
1541:
1433:
1421:
1261:
1173:
1089:
877:
743:
732:
271:
267:
163:
159:
102:
2308:. It seems possible that the writer of the original version, now lost, thought of him as the
17:
7151:
7050:
6519:
6312:
6260:
6206:
6173:
6123:
5916:
5906:
5684:
5372:
5264:
5187:
5170:
5148:
5133:
5118:
5032:
4817:
4419:
4379:
4311:
4246:
4171:
4166:
3938:
3861:
3808:
3603:
3598:
3487:
3346:
3295:
3255:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3127:
3074:
3067:
3052:
3047:
2971:
2899:
2803:
2654:
2243:
1888:
1355:
1216:
1208:
1107:
1103:
1095:
854:
843:
758:
477:
208:
187:
151:
143:
7118:
7065:
6777:
6664:
6497:
6477:
6472:
6427:
6417:
6377:
6372:
6317:
6098:
5704:
5621:
5616:
5356:
5346:
5182:
5176:
5160:
5138:
5128:
5113:
4514:
4326:
4306:
4266:
4201:
4151:
4146:
4021:
3971:
3879:
3713:
3693:
3613:
3062:
2887:
2763:
2276:
2264:
2250:
1299:
1068:
1004:
848:
826:
769:
134:
37:
2788:. Studies in Ancient Monarchies. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-13614-3.
226:
Under
Constantine's successors, the titles were also established at a territorial level:
2792:
Boak, AER (1915). "The Roman
Magistri in the Civil and Military Service of the Empire".
6850:
6502:
6382:
6115:
5874:
5768:
5754:
5553:
5416:
5257:
5012:
4569:
4211:
3946:
3894:
3866:
3813:
3798:
3778:
3593:
3568:
3525:
3515:
3341:
3315:
3245:
3230:
3195:
3155:
2916:
2305:
2292:
2233:
1982:
1874:
1445:
1439:
1341:
1331:
967:
953:
863:
833:
794:
217:
213:
110:
7171:
7019:
6998:
6808:
6422:
6299:
6265:
6003:
5938:
5911:
5796:
5411:
5351:
4101:
4071:
3986:
3520:
3497:
3310:
3165:
3150:
3097:
2904:
2655:
2203:
1974:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1926:
1653:
1547:
1230:
838:
810:
738:
203:
155:
6844:
6782:
6183:
6158:
6138:
5943:
5921:
5776:
5024:
5019:
4853:
4579:
4439:
3884:
3833:
3788:
3783:
3635:
3445:
3331:
3275:
3270:
3160:
3042:
2926:
2860:
1720:
1249:
1245:
to have held office as the latter's embassy proceeded towards the court of Attila).
977:
434:
426:
418:
332:
or MVM) remained very powerful until the formal end of the empire, and was held by
288:
32:
370:
in the
Armenian and Caucasian provinces, formerly part of the jurisdiction of the
182:
was created in the early 4th century, most likely when the
Western Roman emperor
6962:
6787:
6684:
6659:
6153:
5963:
5730:
5336:
5321:
4374:
3996:
3818:
3708:
3102:
2301:
2117:
2072:
1844:
1631:
1620:
1571:
748:
639:
363:
121:
6969:
6875:
6861:
6820:
5958:
5818:
5808:
5641:
5631:
5341:
4599:
4539:
4504:
4296:
4231:
4221:
4116:
4001:
3889:
3472:
3440:
3185:
3112:
2944:
2939:
2376:. Studies in ancient monarchies. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 31.
1908:
1804:
1748:
1478:
1375:
1022:
779:
554:
544:
500:
416:
in the 640s, the surviving field armies and their commanders formed the first
2767:
274:. On occasion, the offices would be combined in a single person, then styled
7144:
6881:
6855:
6827:
6507:
6387:
5879:
5747:
5694:
5626:
4629:
4624:
4584:
4509:
4479:
4459:
4336:
4276:
4186:
4136:
4131:
4056:
4016:
3904:
3874:
3683:
3558:
3351:
3235:
3210:
3089:
2756:
2603:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire 2 Part Set: Volume 3, AD 527β641
1517:
1255:
764:
115:
4786:
7130:
6915:
6897:
6733:
6033:
5933:
5884:
5742:
5674:
5462:
4589:
4574:
4564:
4549:
4464:
4454:
4424:
4414:
4409:
4399:
4301:
4216:
4096:
4081:
4011:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3956:
3755:
3336:
3300:
3190:
3117:
2949:
2010:
1994:
1988:
1726:
1409:
1236:
1202:
1194:
1167:
1137:
1125:
1062:
1044:
1010:
998:
971:
333:
195:
7038:
6910:
6399:
6285:
6226:
5725:
5699:
5377:
4609:
4604:
4594:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4489:
4474:
4291:
4286:
4271:
4241:
4196:
4176:
4156:
4111:
3843:
3698:
3477:
3285:
3280:
3170:
2051:
1978:
1880:
1866:
1786:
1754:
1242:
1149:
1056:
529:
347:
In the east, emperor Theodosius I (379-395) expanded the system of two
341:
2829:
2815:
7111:
6920:
6904:
6891:
6814:
6322:
6028:
5803:
5669:
4619:
4499:
4429:
4369:
4364:
4331:
4091:
4076:
4026:
4006:
3428:
3305:
3200:
2084:
2026:
2004:
1916:
1902:
1706:
1696:
1682:
1609:
1403:
1369:
1359:
1040:
619:
389:
2807:
2283:
in a digression on 6th century Italian history, where he refers to
7137:
4404:
4126:
3853:
3145:
2150:
1493:
1427:
1267:
983:
945:
171:
138:
88:
59:
31:
2578:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume 2, AD 395β527
2576:
Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Martindale, J. R.; Morris, J. (1980).
6955:
6307:
4614:
4181:
4121:
3703:
3079:
6737:
6633:
6064:
5849:
5541:
5208:
4829:
4790:
2833:
158:. Accordingly, he had himself depicted on his richly decorated
3175:
2766:
The term is used in chapters XII, XIV, XXII and XXIII. See
2629:
The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363β628
6933:
6796:
6550:
6450:
6408:
6353:
6298:
6253:
6225:
6182:
6114:
6075:
6002:
5860:
5767:
5713:
5652:
5609:
5552:
5496:
5471:
5440:
5399:
5390:
5365:
5309:
5273:
5219:
5077:
4993:
4940:
4871:
4842:
4638:
4532:
4345:
3937:
3930:
3852:
3764:
3669:
3544:
3496:
3374:
3324:
3263:
3254:
3136:
3088:
3008:
2925:
2886:
150:from 361 to 369 under several Roman emperors, from
64:The high command structure of the West Roman army
282:("master of both forces"). Overall, lower-level
2626:Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2005).
101:) was a top-level military command used in the
5177:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
6749:
4802:
2845:
919:
307:Over the course of the fourth century in the
8:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2462:Hughes, Ian: Aetius: Attila's Nemesis, p. 85
2453:Hughes, Ian: Aetius: Attila's Nemesis, p. 75
2444:Hughes, Ian: Aetius: Attila's Nemesis, p. 74
2422:
129:Establishment and development of the command
52:in the command structure of the army of the
2605:. Cambridge University Press. p. 845.
2580:. Cambridge University Press. p. 228.
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2333:
202:("master of foot"), and a more prestigious
96:
81:
7061:Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic
6937:
6800:
6756:
6742:
6734:
6630:
6081:
6072:
6061:
5857:
5846:
5558:
5549:
5538:
5396:
5223:
5216:
5205:
4839:
4826:
4809:
4795:
4787:
3934:
3260:
2892:
2852:
2838:
2830:
926:
912:
708:
678:
604:
496:
451:
315:remained largely intact, with usually one
113:sources, the term is translated either as
7081:Marshal of the German Democratic Republic
2296:, the hero is several times described as
2348:Structural history of the Roman military
1617:Peter, direct predecessor of John Tzibus
323:, who inherited the position of western
2823:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
2364:
2300:by the man who translated the original
607:
543:
499:
472:
2795:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
2661:. Cambridge University Press. p.
36:The original command structure of the
7:
991:Comes et magister utriusque militiae
304:("in the presence" of the emperor).
2275:The term is referred to by Emperor
437:claimed to be the successor to the
92:
2271:Later, less formal use of the term
25:
7076:Marshal of the Russian Federation
6675:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
1452:Areobindus Dagalaiphus Areobindus
6714:
2532:Hydatius, Chronica Hispania, 134
2523:Hydatius, Chronica Hispania, 128
2514:Hydatius, Chronica Hispania, 122
2110:562: Constantinianus (uncertain)
895:
455:
216:, as the second-in-command to a
5064:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
4886:ConstantinianβValentinianic era
2657:Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium
2219:in Byzantine and medieval Italy
351:to include an additional three
6149:Great Palace of Constantinople
5890:Patriarchate of Constantinople
400:. In the establishment of the
48:in place of the later overall
27:Imperial Roman military office
1:
1782:
1778:
1772:
790:Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes
372:magister militum per Orientem
368:magister militum per Armeniam
357:magister militum praesentalis
311:, the system of two imperial
65:
18:Magister militum per Armeniam
6611:University of Constantinople
6192:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
5342:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
5031:Byzantine successor states (
3424:Frontiers and fortifications
2372:Bendle, Christopher (2024).
1318:magister utriusquae militiae
1241:448/9 Agintheus (known from
1227:magister utriusquae militiae
704:Frontiers and fortifications
376:magister militum per Africam
362:During the reign of Emperor
6976:First marshal of the empire
6281:Saint Catherine's Monastery
5337:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
5332:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
3483:Decorations and punishments
2784:Bendle, Christopher. 2024.
2653:Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003).
2155:magister equitum et peditum
1999:magister equitum et peditum
1743:magister utriusque militiae
1731:magister equitum et peditum
1398:magister equitum et peditum
1392:magister equitum et peditum
1386:magister equitum et peditum
1380:magister equitum et peditum
1366:magister equitum et Peditum
516:Decorations and punishments
330:magister utriusque militiae
280:magister utriusque militiae
276:magister equitum et peditum
105:, dating from the reign of
7219:
7193:Byzantine military offices
6670:Neo-Byzantine architecture
5291:Comes sacrarum largitionum
4390:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
2965:historiography of the fall
2601:Martindale, J. R. (1992).
1316:c. 347: Flavius Eusebius,
382:(534), with a subordinate
132:
91:for "master of soldiers";
7198:Late Roman military ranks
6940:
6803:
6771:
6697:
6640:
6629:
6240:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
6084:
6071:
6060:
5856:
5845:
5561:
5548:
5537:
5226:
5215:
5204:
4838:
4825:
4771:External wars and battles
2895:
2868:
2113:582: Germanus (uncertain)
1741:441: Ioannes the Vandal,
266:), and, in addition, for
234:were appointed for every
7125:Supreme Allied Commander
7056:Marshal of the air force
6981:General of the Air Force
5814:Droungarios of the Fleet
2281:De Administrando Imperio
819:Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
804:DanubeβIllerβRhine Limes
474:Military of ancient Rome
6839:Domestic of the Schools
6328:Early Byzantine mosaics
5690:Domestic of the Schools
4766:RomanβIranian relations
3241:Optimates and populares
2328:
2327:'army' and no:
2317:
902:Ancient Rome portal
190:and their leaders, the
7188:Positions of authority
7086:Field marshal (Uganda)
6765:Highest military ranks
6645:Byzantine commonwealth
5407:Praetorian prefectures
5327:Logothetes tou genikou
5301:Quaestor sacri palatii
5296:Comes rerum privatarum
5069:Fall of Constantinople
5008:Sack of Constantinople
4776:Civil wars and revolts
4042:Sextus Pompeius Festus
3689:Conflict of the Orders
3048:Legislative assemblies
2738:(London, 1994), p. 17.
2725:(London, 1994), p. 16.
2229:8th century: Marcellus
175:
97:
82:
77:
57:
6986:General of the Armies
6345:Komnenian renaissance
6340:Macedonian period art
6245:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
6217:Walls of Thessaloniki
5317:Logothetes tou dromou
4932:Twenty Years' Anarchy
4896:Valentinianic dynasty
4891:Constantinian dynasty
4485:Simplicius of Cilicia
4237:Quintus Curtius Rufus
3466:Siege in Ancient Rome
3075:Executive magistrates
2703:PLRE I, pp. 1113β1114
2143:373β375: Theodosius,
1955:369β373: Theodosius,
1468:520β525/526: Hypatius
1465:?518β529: Diogenianus
1384:383β388: Ellebichus,
1336:359β360: Sabinianus,
785:Neckar-Odenwald Limes
600:Technological history
236:praetorian prefecture
184:Constantine the Great
142:
133:Further information:
107:Constantine the Great
63:
35:
7183:Ancient Roman titles
6992:Generalfeldmarschall
6945:Admiral of the fleet
6542:Units of measurement
6276:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
6169:Pammakaristos Church
6017:Corpus Juris Civilis
5968:Missionary activity
5427:Exarchate of Ravenna
5253:Imperial bureaucracy
4495:Stephanus Byzantinus
4400:Eusebius of Caesaria
4262:Sidonius Apollinaris
3952:Ammianus Marcellinus
3291:Tribune of the plebs
1456:505β506: Pharesmanes
939:Unspecified commands
775:Lower Germanic Limes
674:Strategy and tactics
609:Military engineering
511:Unit types and ranks
309:Western Roman Empire
294:rapid reaction force
54:Western Roman Empire
6950:Admiral of the Navy
6834:Constable of France
6066:Culture and society
5929:Ecumenical councils
5432:Exarchate of Africa
5422:Quaestura exercitus
5286:Magister officiorum
5281:Praetorian prefects
4924:Byzantine Dark Ages
4671:Distinguished women
4322:Velleius Paterculus
4162:Nicolaus Damascenus
4142:Marcellus Empiricus
3531:Republican currency
2825:(PLRE), Vols. I-III
1761:Heraclius of Edessa
1659:Heraclius the Elder
1614:Dorotheus (530-532)
1507:549β551: Belisarius
1489:532β533: Belisarius
770:Lauter Valley Limes
378:in the reconquered
292:, which acted as a
192:Praetorian Prefects
6483:Flags and insignia
6129:Baths of Zeuxippus
6012:Codex Theodosianus
5902:Oriental Orthodoxy
4860:Later Roman Empire
4445:Phlegon of Tralles
4252:Seneca the Younger
3726:Naming conventions
3456:Personal equipment
2989:Later Roman Empire
2768:The Name, Hereward
2762:2011-01-21 at the
2258:Ioannes Fabriacius
2068:518β520: Vitalian
2064:John the Hunchback
1945:367β372: Severus,
1921:364β369: Iovinus,
1701:378: Sebastianus,
1396:393β396: Addaeus,
871:Limes Tripolitanus
492:Structural history
176:
166:general (centre).
160:marble sarcophagus
78:
74:Notitia Dignitatum
58:
40:, with a separate
7165:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7071:Marshal of Poland
6929:
6928:
6731:
6730:
6693:
6692:
6650:Byzantine studies
6625:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6436:Alexander Romance
6294:
6293:
6271:Nea Moni of Chios
6134:Blachernae Palace
6056:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6022:Code of Justinian
5870:Eastern Orthodoxy
5841:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5763:
5762:
5637:Scholae Palatinae
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5498:Foreign relations
5492:
5491:
5386:
5385:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
4999:(1204–1453)
4784:
4783:
4746:Pontifices maximi
4528:
4527:
4385:Diogenes LaΓ«rtius
4207:Pliny the Younger
3962:Asconius Pedianus
3922:Romance languages
3794:Civil engineering
3536:Imperial currency
3409:Political control
3370:
3369:
3004:
3003:
2639:978-1-134-75645-2
2612:978-0-521-20160-5
2396:Bendle, 2024. 31.
2383:978-3-515-13614-3
2337:
2326:
2251:Theodatus Hypatus
2145:magister equitum
1474:527β529: Hypatius
1364:371β378: Iulius,
1304:581β582: Theognis
1262:Sabinianus Magnus
1090:Claudius Silvanus
1005:Constantius (III)
936:
935:
887:
886:
878:Limes Mauretaniae
733:Limes Britannicus
694:
693:
658:Political history
648:
647:
568:
567:
439:Exarch of Ravenna
388:magister militum
380:African provinces
188:Praetorian Guards
103:late Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
7210:
7178:Magistri militum
7051:Marshal of Italy
6938:
6869:Magister militum
6801:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6735:
6718:
6631:
6574:Imperial Library
6520:Byzantine Greeks
6261:Daphni Monastery
6212:Panagia Chalkeon
6207:Hagios Demetrios
6174:Prison of Anemas
6124:Basilica Cistern
6082:
6073:
6062:
5917:West Syriac Rite
5907:Alexandrian Rite
5858:
5851:Religion and law
5847:
5782:Maritime themata
5738:Palaiologan army
5591:Military manuals
5559:
5550:
5539:
5397:
5373:Megas logothetes
5224:
5217:
5206:
5079:By modern region
5000:
4947:
4946:(717–1204)
4878:
4840:
4827:
4818:Byzantine Empire
4811:
4804:
4797:
4788:
4736:Magistri equitum
4651:Cities and towns
4644:
4570:Constantinopolis
4380:Diodorus Siculus
4312:Valerius Maximus
4247:Seneca the Elder
4167:Nonius Marcellus
3935:
3488:Hippika gymnasia
3451:Infantry tactics
3357:Consular tribune
3347:Magister equitum
3296:Military tribune
3261:
3221:Pontifex maximus
3216:Princeps senatus
3206:Magister militum
2972:Byzantine Empire
2893:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2819:
2771:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2660:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2369:
2335:
2332:
2321:
2298:magister militum
2244:Felice Cornicola
2217:Magister militae
2095:536: Maxentianus
1971:magister peditum
1957:magister equitum
1947:magister peditum
1937:magister peditum
1923:magister equitum
1913:magister peditum
1899:magister equitum
1885:magister equitum
1871:magister equitum
1784:
1780:
1774:
1717:magister peditum
1703:magister peditum
1693:magister peditum
1679:magister equitum
1390:392: Eutherius,
1352:magister equitum
1338:magister equitum
1328:magister equitum
1292:c. 544: Vitalius
1213:magister equitum
1199:magister peditum
1100:magister equitum
964:magister militum
950:magister militum
928:
921:
914:
900:
899:
898:
759:Limes Germanicus
709:
686:Infantry tactics
679:
635:Triumphal arches
605:
586:Wars and battles
578:Campaign history
497:
459:
458:
452:
447:magistri militum
398:magister militum
384:magister peditum
349:magistri militum
325:magister militum
270:and, sometimes,
232:magistri equitum
228:magistri peditum
214:republican times
209:magister equitum
200:magister peditum
180:magister militum
168:MusΓ©e Saint-Remi
148:magister equitum
100:
98:magistri militum
94:
85:
83:Magister militum
70:
67:
50:magister militum
46:magister peditum
42:magister equitum
21:
7218:
7217:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7168:
7167:
7166:
7157:
7119:Reichsmarschall
7066:Marshal of Peru
6925:
6792:
6778:General officer
6767:
6762:
6732:
6727:
6724:
6689:
6665:Cyrillic script
6636:
6617:
6562:
6546:
6446:
6428:Digenes Akritas
6404:
6349:
6290:
6254:Other locations
6249:
6221:
6178:
6110:
6099:Cross-in-square
6067:
6048:
5998:
5852:
5833:
5759:
5709:
5705:Varangian Guard
5648:
5622:East Roman army
5617:Late Roman army
5605:
5544:
5525:
5488:
5467:
5436:
5382:
5361:
5357:Epi ton deeseon
5347:Epi tou eidikou
5305:
5269:
5211:
5192:
5179:
5082:
5080:
5073:
5059:Palaiologan era
5001:
4998:
4989:
4960:Nikephorian era
4948:
4945:
4936:
4879:
4877:(330–717)
4876:
4867:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4815:
4785:
4780:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4524:
4360:AΓ«tius of Amida
4341:
4327:Verrius Flaccus
4307:Valerius Antias
4267:Silius Italicus
4202:Pliny the Elder
4147:Marcus Aurelius
4022:Cornelius Nepos
3972:Aurelius Victor
3926:
3848:
3760:
3694:Secessio plebis
3665:
3540:
3492:
3366:
3320:
3250:
3132:
3084:
3000:
2921:
2882:
2864:
2858:
2828:
2791:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2764:Wayback Machine
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2734:John Moorhead,
2733:
2729:
2721:John Moorhead,
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:PLRE II, p. 211
2693:
2689:
2685:PLRE II, p. 597
2684:
2680:
2673:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:PLRE I, p. 1112
2547:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:PLRE I, p. 1113
2504:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:PLRE I, p. 1114
2425:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2344:
2277:Constantine VII
2273:
2265:Mauricius Galba
2226:
2221:
2163:
2140:
2135:
2080:528β529: Phocas
1862:
1670:
1606:
1513:556: Valerianus
1498:542: Belisarius
1471:527: Libelarius
1313:
1190:
1163:
1085:
1069:Ecdicius Avitus
994:
941:
932:
896:
894:
889:
888:
883:
855:Limes Sarmatiae
849:Anastasian Wall
827:Pannonian Limes
706:
696:
695:
690:
676:
666:
665:
664:
660:
650:
649:
644:
630:
602:
592:
591:
590:
580:
570:
569:
564:
539:
525:
494:
484:
456:
450:
414:Muslim conquest
344:, and others.
206:commander, the
137:
135:Late Roman army
131:
71:, based on the
68:
38:late Roman army
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7216:
7214:
7206:
7205:
7203:Military ranks
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7170:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7148:
7141:
7134:
7127:
7122:
7115:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7041:
7036:
7033:Jenderal besar
7029:
7026:Chom Thap Thai
7022:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6858:
6853:
6851:Grand Domestic
6848:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6824:
6817:
6812:
6804:
6798:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6738:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6712:
6707:
6701:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6603:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6420:
6414:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6359:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6197:Byzantine Bath
6194:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6120:
6118:
6116:Constantinople
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6091:
6085:
6079:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6014:
6008:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5875:Byzantine Rite
5866:
5864:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5755:Grand domestic
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5721:Komnenian army
5717:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5596:Military units
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5566:Battle tactics
5562:
5556:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5258:Medieval Greek
5250:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5227:
5221:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5013:Fourth Crusade
5004:
5002:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4970:Macedonian era
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:Theodosian era
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4882:
4880:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4823:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Pomponius Mela
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Aelius Donatus
3943:
3941:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3915:Ecclesiastical
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3656:Toys and games
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Vigintisexviri
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Cursus honorum
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2955:Western Empire
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2808:10.2307/310606
2789:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2757:Gesta Herwardi
2749:
2747:PLRE I, p. 395
2740:
2727:
2714:
2712:PLRE I, p. 152
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2672:978-0521814591
2671:
2645:
2638:
2618:
2611:
2593:
2586:
2568:
2566:PLRE I, p. 307
2559:
2557:PLRE I, p. 125
2550:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2306:Medieval Latin
2293:Gesta Herwardi
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2234:Domenico Leoni
2230:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2161:Eastern Empire
2159:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2139:
2138:Western Empire
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1983:Magnus Maximus
1963:
1953:
1943:
1929:
1919:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1875:Constantius II
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1723:
1709:
1699:
1685:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1528:573: Theodorus
1526:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1446:Ioannes Scytha
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1344:
1342:Constantius II
1334:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1219:
1205:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:?β472: Bilimer
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
993:
988:
987:
986:
980:
974:
968:Valentinian II
956:
954:Valentinian II
940:
937:
934:
933:
931:
930:
923:
916:
908:
905:
904:
891:
890:
885:
884:
882:
881:
874:
867:
864:Limes Arabicus
859:
858:
851:
846:
841:
836:
834:Limes Alutanus
830:
829:
823:
822:
814:
813:
807:
806:
800:
799:
798:
797:
795:Wetterau Limes
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
754:
753:
752:
751:
746:
744:Hadrian's Wall
741:
728:
727:
726:
725:
712:
707:
702:
701:
698:
697:
692:
691:
689:
688:
682:
677:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
661:
656:
655:
652:
651:
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
631:
629:
628:
623:
615:
612:
611:
603:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
582:
581:
576:
575:
572:
571:
566:
565:
563:
562:
557:
551:
548:
547:
541:
540:
538:
537:
532:
526:
524:
523:
518:
513:
507:
504:
503:
495:
490:
489:
486:
485:
476:
470:
469:
461:
460:
449:
443:
178:The office of
162:as a fighting
130:
127:
69: 410β425
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7215:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:General (YPA)
7097:
7095:
7094:Field Marshal
7092:
7091:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7021:
7020:Grand marshal
7018:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7008:Generalissimo
7006:
7005:
7004:Soviet Union
7003:
7001:
7000:
6999:Generalissimo
6996:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6932:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6809:Amir al-umara
6806:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6766:
6759:
6754:
6752:
6747:
6745:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6632:
6628:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6569:Encyclopedias
6567:
6566:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6493:Hellenization
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:Everyday life
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6423:Acritic songs
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6401:
6398:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6297:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6266:Hosios Loukas
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6063:
6059:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5939:Monophysitism
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5912:Armenian Rite
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5848:
5844:
5830:
5829:Naval battles
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5540:
5536:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5352:Protasekretis
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5207:
5203:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Komnenian era
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4918:Heraclian era
4916:
4914:
4913:Justinian era
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4875:
4870:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Julius Paulus
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:Fabius Pictor
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Amphitheatres
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Deforestation
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Siege engines
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Establishment
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:Extraordinary
3323:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Promagistrate
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Twelve Tables
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2632:. Routledge.
2631:
2630:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2587:9780521201599
2583:
2579:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2435:PLRE I, p. 62
2432:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:account into
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2260:under Leo III
2259:
2255:
2253:under Leo III
2252:
2248:
2246:under Leo III
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:John Troglita
2201:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:528: Leontius
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2050:475β477/478:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:Valentinian I
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:Valentinian I
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:Valentinian I
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:Valentinian I
1938:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:Valentinian I
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1775:513: Cyrillus
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1747:464β467/468:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:John Mystacon
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1552:584β587/588:
1551:
1549:
1548:John Mystacon
1545:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1534:574/574β577:
1533:
1531:574: Eusebius
1530:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1510:555: Amantius
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:Ardabur Aspar
1425:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:Valentinian I
1228:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:Per Hispanias
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:
938:
929:
924:
922:
917:
915:
910:
909:
907:
906:
903:
893:
892:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:
861:
860:
857:
856:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Trajan's Wall
842:
840:
839:Limes Moesiae
837:
835:
832:
831:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
816:
815:
812:
811:Norican Limes
809:
808:
805:
802:
801:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
760:
756:
755:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:Antonine Wall
737:
736:
735:
734:
730:
729:
724:
721:
720:
719:
718:
714:
713:
711:
710:
705:
700:
699:
687:
684:
683:
681:
680:
675:
670:
669:
659:
654:
653:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
627:
626:Siege engines
624:
622:
621:
617:
616:
614:
613:
610:
606:
601:
596:
595:
587:
584:
583:
579:
574:
573:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
550:
549:
546:
542:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
506:
505:
502:
498:
493:
488:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:
454:
453:
448:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
391:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:
258:
257:
251:
250:
244:
243:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
221:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:Valentinian I
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
128:
126:
124:
123:
118:
117:
112:
108:
104:
99:
90:
86:
84:
76:
75:
62:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
7150:
7143:
7136:
7129:
7117:
7110:
7043:
7031:
7024:
6997:
6990:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6903:
6896:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6860:
6845:Dux bellorum
6843:
6826:
6819:
6807:
6783:Flag officer
6434:
6202:Hagia Sophia
6184:Thessalonica
6159:Hagia Sophia
6139:Chora Church
6077:Architecture
5954:Great Schism
5944:Paulicianism
5922:Miaphysitism
5777:Karabisianoi
5081:or territory
5041:Thessalonica
5025:Latin Empire
5020:Frankokratia
4995:
4955:Isaurian era
4942:
4873:
4858:
4854:Roman Empire
4844:
4716:Institutions
4580:Leptis Magna
4533:Major cities
4440:Philostratus
4227:Quadrigarius
4047:Rufus Festus
3910:Contemporary
3631:Romanization
3554:Architecture
3205:
3161:Collegiality
3010:Constitution
2861:Ancient Rome
2799:
2793:
2785:
2770:for details.
2752:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2656:
2648:
2628:
2621:
2602:
2596:
2577:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2392:
2373:
2367:
2309:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2216:
2154:
2144:
2131:
2116:585βc. 586:
1998:
1970:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1922:
1912:
1898:
1884:
1870:
1859:Praesentalis
1858:
1836:594βc. 598:
1809:550βc. 554:
1797:525-c. 530:
1742:
1730:
1721:Theodosius I
1716:
1702:
1692:
1678:
1667:Per Thracias
1666:
1603:Per Armeniam
1602:
1596:Domentziolus
1450:c. 503β505:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1365:
1351:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1310:Per Orientem
1309:
1298:568β569/70:
1295:c. 550: John
1250:Julius Nepos
1226:
1212:
1198:
1187:Per Ilyricum
1186:
1159:
1099:
1081:
990:
978:Andragathius
963:
949:
876:
869:
862:
853:
817:
757:
731:
715:
618:
446:
427:Papal States
424:
417:
401:
397:
395:
387:
383:
375:
371:
367:
361:
356:
352:
348:
346:
329:
324:
316:
312:
306:
302:in praesenti
301:
297:
289:comitatenses
287:
283:
279:
275:
260:
253:
246:
239:
231:
227:
225:
219:
207:
199:
179:
177:
147:
120:
114:
80:
79:
72:
49:
45:
41:
29:
7090:Yugoslavia
6963:Dayuanshuai
6788:Air officer
6685:Megali Idea
6660:Byzantinism
6363:Agriculture
6154:Hagia Irene
5987:Kievan Rus'
5964:Mount Athos
5787:Cibyrrhaeot
5731:Vestiaritai
5586:Mercenaries
5463:Catepanates
5322:Sakellarios
5241:Family tree
5166:Mesopotamia
4985:Angelid era
4965:Amorian era
4711:Geographers
4395:Dioscorides
4375:Cassius Dio
3997:Cassiodorus
3900:Renaissance
3506:Agriculture
3478:Auxiliaries
3419:Engineering
3256:Magistrates
3108:Citizenship
3103:Mos maiorum
3038:Late Empire
2314:Old English
2302:Old English
2285:mastromilis
2132:Per Africam
2126:(uncertain)
2118:Comentiolus
2104:548/9β552:
2083:520β538/9:
1845:Comentiolus
1632:Dagisthaeus
1621:John Tzibus
1572:Comentiolus
1566:Philippicus
1554:Philippicus
1459:?516β?518:
1332:Constantius
1272:529β530/1:
1082:Per Gallias
1029:Sebastianus
958:385/8β394:
944:383β385/8:
749:Saxon Shore
364:Justinian I
122:stratelates
7172:Categories
6970:Dai-gensui
6876:Megas doux
6862:Ispahsalar
6821:Autokrator
6680:Third Rome
6606:University
6589:Philosophy
6579:Inventions
6442:Historians
6410:Literature
6393:Varangians
6235:San Vitale
6164:Hippodrome
6144:City Walls
6044:Mutilation
6039:Hexabiblos
5959:Bogomilism
5949:Iconoclasm
5819:Megas doux
5809:Greek fire
5792:Aegean Sea
5665:Kleisourai
5642:Excubitors
5632:Bucellarii
5484:Despotates
5453:Kleisourai
5392:Provincial
5236:Coronation
5210:Governance
4975:Doukid era
4908:Leonid era
4600:Mediolanum
4540:Alexandria
4505:Themistius
4470:Porphyrius
4297:Tertullian
4232:Quintilian
4222:Propertius
4117:Lactantius
4067:Fulgentius
4002:Censorinus
3824:Sanitation
3809:Metallurgy
3766:Technology
3731:Demography
3679:Patricians
3646:Spectacles
3604:Literature
3599:Hairstyles
3436:Technology
3186:Praefectus
3138:Government
3128:Litigation
3113:Auctoritas
3058:Centuriate
2945:Principate
2940:Pax Romana
2900:Foundation
2802:: 73β164.
2354:References
2192:Areobindus
2040:Apollonius
2033:Areobindus
1967:Merobaudes
1933:Dagalaifus
1909:Arinthaeus
1853:(2nd time)
1840:(2nd time)
1833:(1st time)
1826:(2nd time)
1819:(1st time)
1805:Chilbudius
1749:Basiliscus
1713:Saturninus
1675:Saturninus
1479:Belisarius
1376:Richomeres
1283:(2nd time)
1276:(1st time)
1174:Merobaudes
1144:Agrippinus
1132:Agrippinus
1114:Gaudentius
1023:Bonifacius
780:Main Limes
402:exarchates
393:(c. 562).
386:, and the
164:equestrian
7145:Yuanshuai
6887:Rigsmarsk
6882:Polemarch
6856:Imperator
6828:Beylerbey
6508:Octoechos
6388:Silk Road
5880:Hesychasm
5748:Paramonai
5695:Hetaireia
5627:Foederati
5516:Diplomacy
5511:Diplomats
5417:Provinces
5246:Empresses
5049:Trebizond
4845:Preceding
4756:Quaestors
4686:Empresses
4676:Dynasties
4666:Dictators
4641:and other
4630:Volubilis
4625:Vindobona
4585:Londinium
4510:Theodoret
4480:Procopius
4460:Polyaenus
4435:Pausanias
4337:Vitruvius
4282:Symmachus
4277:Suetonius
4187:Petronius
4172:Obsequens
4137:Macrobius
4132:Lucretius
4057:Frontinus
4032:Eutropius
4017:Columella
3967:Augustine
3957:Appuleius
3905:Neo-Latin
3880:Classical
3871:Versions
3779:Aqueducts
3721:Patronage
3641:Sexuality
3614:Mythology
3589:Education
3579:Cosmetics
3404:Campaigns
3399:Structure
3352:Decemviri
3211:Imperator
2910:overthrow
2736:Justinian
2723:Justinian
2359:Citations
2263:764β787:
2210:Gennadius
2208:578β590:
2202:546β552:
2198:Artabanes
2190:545β546:
2184:544β546:
2178:539β544:
2172:536β539:
2166:534β536:
2149:386β398:
2100:Artabanes
2098:546β548:
2073:Justinian
2062:492β499:
2046:Anatolius
2044:450β451:
2038:443β451:
2031:434β449:
2003:399β400:
1993:394β408:
1987:388β395:
1965:375β388:
1931:364β366:
1907:366β378:
1893:363β379:
1879:361β363:
1865:351β361:
1849:601β602:
1843:598β601:
1829:593β594:
1811:Artabanes
1803:530β533:
1753:468β474:
1735:412β414:
1725:392β393:
1711:380β383:
1687:377β378:
1673:377β378:
1640:(550β554)
1576:591β603:
1570:589β591:
1564:588β589:
1546:582β583:
1540:577β582:
1536:Justinian
1522:572β573:
1518:Zemarchus
1501:543β544:
1477:529β531:
1444:483β498:
1438:469β471:
1420:447β451:
1416:Anatolius
1414:433β446:
1408:395/400:
1348:Lupicinus
1346:363β367:
1324:Ursicinus
1322:349β359:
1279:532β536:
1260:479β481:
1256:Onoulphus
1254:477β479:
1248:468β474:
1221:365β375:
1166:441β442:
1148:462-473:
1142:461/462:
1136:458β461:
1130:452β458:
1124:435β439:
1118:425β430:
1094:362β364:
1088:352β355:
1073:475β476:
1061:472β473:
1055:456β472:
1051:Messianus
1039:455β456:
1033:433β454:
1027:432β433:
1021:431β432:
1015:425β430:
1009:422β425:
1003:411β421:
997:392β408:
976:383β388:
765:Alb Limes
256:Illyricum
116:strategos
7131:Taewonsu
6916:Sparapet
6898:Serasker
6601:Scholars
6594:Rhetoric
6584:Medicine
6559:Learning
6458:Calendar
6335:Painters
6034:Basilika
5972:Bulgaria
5934:Arianism
5885:Hayhurum
5862:Religion
5824:Admirals
5743:Allagion
5675:Droungos
5581:Generals
5543:Military
5506:Treaties
5412:Dioceses
5231:Emperors
5144:Sardinia
5124:Dalmatia
5104:Bulgaria
5094:Anatolia
5053:Theodoro
5047: /
5043: /
5035: /
4761:Tribunes
4751:Praetors
4701:Generals
4681:Emperors
4590:Lugdunum
4575:Eboracum
4565:Carthage
4550:Aquileia
4465:Polybius
4455:Plutarch
4425:Libanius
4415:Josephus
4410:Herodian
4302:Tibullus
4217:Priscian
4192:Phaedrus
4152:Manilius
4097:Jordanes
4082:Hydatius
4012:Claudian
3992:Catullus
3982:BoΓ«thius
3977:Ausonius
3895:Medieval
3867:Alphabet
3839:Theatres
3814:Numerals
3799:Concrete
3789:Circuses
3756:Bagaudae
3746:Adoption
3741:Marriage
3714:Assembly
3619:Religion
3594:Folklore
3574:Clothing
3569:Calendar
3526:Currency
3516:Commerce
3414:Strategy
3376:Military
3362:Triumvir
3342:Dictator
3337:Interrex
3316:Governor
3301:Quaestor
3264:Ordinary
3246:Province
3236:Tetrarch
3226:Augustus
3191:Vicarius
3181:Officium
3118:Imperium
3068:Plebeian
3028:Republic
2950:Dominate
2917:Republic
2878:Timeline
2760:Archived
2342:See also
2310:hereward
2174:Germanus
2106:Suartuas
2091:Germanus
2058:Longinus
2021:Arsacius
2011:Fravitta
1995:Stilicho
1989:Timasius
1799:Germanus
1793:Vitalian
1767:Hypatius
1737:Constans
1727:Stilicho
1689:Traianus
1661:(c. 595)
1627:Valerian
1594:605β610
1590:Leontius
1588:604β605
1584:Germanus
1582:603β604
1503:Martinus
1461:Hypatius
1434:Iordanes
1410:Fravitta
1286:c. 538:
1237:Alaric I
1223:Equitius
1203:Constans
1195:Vetranio
1168:Astyrius
1138:Aegidius
1126:Litorius
1063:Gundobad
1045:Remistus
1011:Castinus
999:Stilicho
972:Eugenius
960:Arbogast
560:Admirals
535:Generals
466:a series
464:Part of
445:List of
433:, whose
410:Carthage
353:magistri
334:Stilicho
321:Arbogast
317:magister
313:magistri
298:magistri
296:. Other
284:magistri
263:Orientem
220:dictator
196:infantry
7152:Marshal
7104:Marshal
7045:MareΕal
7039:Marshal
7013:Marshal
6911:Spahbed
6797:Ancient
6710:Outline
6655:Museums
6555:Science
6532:Slavery
6488:Gardens
6468:Cuisine
6400:Dynatoi
6368:Coinage
6355:Economy
6323:Mosaics
6286:Mystras
6227:Ravenna
6089:Secular
5977:Moravia
5726:Pronoia
5700:Akritai
5685:Tagmata
5660:Themata
5601:Revolts
5571:Battles
5479:Kephale
5448:Themata
5378:Mesazon
5220:Central
5156:Maghreb
5109:Corsica
5099:Armenia
5089:Albania
4832:History
4731:Legions
4691:Fiction
4661:Consuls
4656:Climate
4610:Ravenna
4605:Pompeii
4595:Lutetia
4560:Bononia
4555:Berytus
4545:Antioch
4520:Zosimus
4515:Zonaras
4490:Sozomen
4475:Priscus
4450:Photius
4292:Terence
4287:Tacitus
4272:Statius
4257:Servius
4242:Sallust
4197:Plautus
4177:Orosius
4157:Martial
4112:Juvenal
4087:Hyginus
4072:Gellius
3931:Writers
3862:History
3844:Thermae
3834:Temples
3784:Bridges
3751:Slavery
3699:Equites
3671:Society
3651:Theatre
3624:Deities
3584:Cuisine
3564:Bathing
3546:Culture
3521:Finance
3498:Economy
3389:Borders
3384:History
3286:Tribune
3281:Praetor
3171:Legatus
3166:Emperor
3053:Curiate
3023:Kingdom
3018:History
2994:History
2977:decline
2935:History
2905:Kingdom
2888:History
2873:Outline
2778:Sources
2336:
2325:
2279:in his
2238:Leo III
2186:Sergius
2180:Solomon
2168:Solomon
2071:520β?:
2052:Armatus
2017:Varanes
1979:Gratian
1881:Nevitta
1867:Arbitio
1838:Priscus
1824:Priscus
1817:Priscus
1787:Alathar
1755:Armatus
1634:(?β550)
1623:(?β541)
1560:Priscus
1542:Maurice
1524:Marcian
1402:?~399:
1243:Priscus
1209:Iovinus
1193:?β350:
1150:Gundioc
1112:?β419:
1096:Jovinus
1075:Orestes
1057:Ricimer
982:?β480:
530:Auxilia
521:Legions
429:and in
419:themata
406:Ravenna
390:Spaniae
342:Ricimer
249:Italiam
242:Gallias
204:cavalry
144:Iovinus
7112:Mushir
6934:Modern
6921:Hetman
6905:ShΕgun
6892:Sardar
6815:Ataman
6720:Portal
6635:Impact
6515:People
6463:Cities
6313:Enamel
6094:Sacred
6029:Ecloga
5895:Saints
5804:Dromon
5680:Bandon
5670:Tourma
5653:Middle
5576:Beacon
5458:Bandon
5441:Middle
5310:Middle
5265:Senate
5188:Thrace
5171:Serbia
5149:Sicily
5134:Greece
5119:Cyprus
5037:Epirus
5033:Nicaea
4943:Middle
4820:topics
4741:Nomina
4726:Legacy
4706:Gentes
4643:topics
4639:Lists
4620:Smyrna
4500:Strabo
4430:Lucian
4420:Julian
4370:Arrian
4365:Appian
4355:Aelian
4332:Vergil
4107:Justin
4092:Jerome
4077:Horace
4062:Fronto
4052:Florus
4027:Ennius
4007:Cicero
3987:Caesar
3885:Vulgar
3709:Tribes
3636:Romans
3446:Legion
3429:castra
3306:Aedile
3276:Censor
3271:Consul
3231:Caesar
3201:Lictor
3123:Status
3063:Tribal
3043:Senate
3033:Empire
2927:Empire
2863:topics
2816:310606
2814:
2669:
2636:
2609:
2584:
2380:
2236:under
2224:Venice
2085:Sittas
2056:485β:
2027:Plinta
2025:419β:
2005:Gainas
1973:under
1959:under
1949:under
1939:under
1925:under
1917:Valens
1915:under
1903:Valens
1901:under
1895:Victor
1889:Julian
1887:under
1873:under
1719:under
1707:Valens
1705:under
1697:Valens
1695:under
1683:Valens
1681:under
1649:Justin
1644:Martin
1638:Bessas
1610:Sittas
1578:Narses
1485:Mundus
1432:β469:
1426:460s:
1404:Gainas
1370:Valens
1368:under
1360:Valens
1356:Jovian
1354:under
1340:under
1330:under
1288:Justin
1281:Mundus
1274:Mundus
1235:395β?
1229:under
1217:Julian
1215:under
1201:under
1120:Aetius
1108:Jovian
1104:Julian
1102:under
1041:Avitus
1035:Aetius
966:under
952:under
663:
620:Castra
555:Fleets
482:AD 476
478:753 BC
468:on the
431:Venice
374:, the
338:Aetius
272:Africa
268:Thrace
218:Roman
198:, the
152:Julian
119:or as
44:and a
7138:Wonsu
6705:Index
6537:Death
6527:Women
6498:Music
6478:Dress
6473:Dance
6418:Novel
6378:Trade
6373:Mints
6318:Glass
6308:Icons
6104:Domes
5982:Serbs
5797:Samos
5610:Early
5400:Early
5274:Early
5183:Syria
5161:Malta
5139:Italy
5129:Egypt
5114:Crete
5045:Morea
4874:Early
4405:Galen
4347:Greek
4317:Varro
4127:Lucan
3939:Latin
3854:Latin
3829:Ships
3819:Roads
3804:Domes
3736:Women
3684:Plebs
3609:Music
3151:Forum
3146:Curia
2812:JSTOR
2329:weard
2256:741:
2249:739:
2242:738:
2232:737:
2196:546:
2151:Gildo
2124:Bonus
2122:626:
2089:536:
2015:409:
2009:400:
1851:Peter
1831:Peter
1822:593:
1815:588:
1791:515:
1785:515:
1765:511:
1759:474:
1558:588:
1516:569:
1494:Buzes
1492:540:
1483:531:
1374:383:
1300:Bonus
1268:Ascum
1266:528:
1207:361:
1180:Vitus
1178:446:
1172:443:
1067:475:
1049:456:
1017:Felix
984:Ovida
946:Bauto
723:Walls
717:Limes
640:Roads
172:Reims
111:Greek
89:Latin
6956:Aluf
6503:Lyra
6383:silk
5994:Jews
5769:Navy
5714:Late
5554:Army
5521:Wars
5472:Late
5366:Late
4996:Late
4721:Laws
4696:Film
4615:Roma
4182:Ovid
4122:Livy
3890:Late
3704:Gens
3661:Wine
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