196:
opportunity to attend her brother's funeral, and the thought of dying in the sanatorium added to
Madonna's desire to leave, which she did without permission and returned to her family home. Facing the threat of quarantine her father refused to return Madonna to the Indian sanatorium. Instead, he wrote to an old school friend, Henry Standing Bear, who advised them to see a doctor in Pierre and gain admittance to the "white" TB sanatorium, Sanator at Custer, South Dakota. This was not simple, again due to discrimination because they were Indians the authorities denied her admittance to Sanator, telling them that they had to go back to the Sioux San. Madonna's father James Hart Swan would not accept this denial and he gained an audience with the governor of South Dakota, Judge
212:—in September 1950. She found this hospital very different. The grounds around the building were landscaped with trees and flowers, and patients were allowed to wear their own clothing and walk around the grounds. Her doctor, Dr. W. L. Meyers vowed to Madonna's parents that he would do everything in his power to help their daughter. The initial treatment was to pump air into the abdomen, and after that proved to be unsuccessful, they tried pumping air into her back to collapse the bad lung, which also failed. They next tried an operation called a
308:"The available data suggest that tuberculosis became a major health problem in some tribes with increased population density and cultural changes after increased contact with European civilization, paralleling the deterioration in living conditions after relocation of the tribes to reservations. By 1900, tuberculosis had become one of the most serious health problems among North American Indians"
120:. She expressed great pleasure in attending school and participated on the basketball team. It was at this school in the fall of 1943 were Madonna first learned that some of her classmates had tuberculosis. She became aware of the disease as did the school staff after several girls developed coughs and chest pain, weight loss, and
219:
After attending a conference on tuberculosis, Dr. Meyers learned of a procedure that was new in the United States. This operation required the removal of ribs and the upper lobe of her more infected lung, followed by another operation to remove the rest of the lung. Madonna Swan was one of the first
195:
In the sixth year of her confinement in the sanatorium
Madonna's younger brother Orby, who also had tuberculosis, died. He had begged his sister to have their parents take him home from the sanatorium so that he could die at home. He was taken home and died later the same day. After being denied the
231:
With the removal of all of her ribs on one side, Madonna was paralyzed from her neck through her left arm and was unable to sit up. Battling depression, fitted with a brace to provide support, Madonna made a long and arduous recovery, gradually regaining sensation. While recovering she learned from
187:
had been developed and shown to kill mycobacterium tuberculosis, this medicine was not available to
Indians who were patients at Indian sanatoria, at the time of Madonna Swan's confinement. Both the poor living conditions and the lack of medicine were common, as health care for the American Indian
63:
parents in 1928. She was the fifth child of ten, of which only five survived to adulthood. Makoka Winge' Win (Goes Around The World Woman) was her Indian name given to her by her father. Her parents, James Hart Swan and Lucy
Josephine High Pine-Swan were born around the turn of the 20th century.
179:
Another important part of the treatment regime for TB was enforced rest, together with a proper diet and a well-regulated hospital life, these were not, unfortunately, available to those at Indian sanatoria. The living conditions at Indian sanatoria were not favorable to recovery. The food was
167:
in Rapid City. During her many years at the San, as it was referred to, Madonna was treated for her TB by the placement of bean bags on her chest while lying flat on the back for hours on end. This was the way that pneumothorax or lung compression was accomplished. The thought being that the
35:
epidemic of the 20th century to lead a fulfilled life. She overcame the terrible conditions of socio-economic deprivation, restricted education, poor health care, and confinement to the Indian tuberculosis sanatorium and the reservation, to attend college, become a
256:) in 1967. Although she completed 136 credit hours at the college level, Madonna was never able to earn her undergraduate degree due to her frail health. She took great pride in the accomplishments of her "son" Austin Paul, who graduated from college in 1979.
200:. James Swam explained their situation and the governor, who considered himself somewhat of a pioneer for human rights, understood that American Indians were not treated fairly, arranged for Madonna to be admitted to Sanator.
244:
In 1953, after ten years from first onset of symptoms of TB, Madonna is finally cured. She worked at
Sanator as a receptionist and later left to work at repairing jewelry, watches and clocks. Her father died in 1953.
220:
patients to undergo this new procedure and much was learned about the treatment of TB from her experiences. Following the successful removal of lung and ribs, they were able to treat her remaining lung with an
248:
In 1956, she married Jay
Abdalla, who was an army friend of her brother Kermit. Together, Madonna and Jay raised Austin Paul, the son of her sister. Madonna became an aide in the
267:
Madonna Swan is known through her story as she related it to the author Mark St. Pierre. She serves as a symbol of courage, perseverance, and strength to all her read her story.
144:. Kermit died in spring 1944. Misfortune followed Madonna as she returned to Immaculate Conception in fall 1944 and received the official diagnosis of tuberculosis (
88:. For the first five years of her life the Swan family lived with Madonna's paternal great-uncle, known as Grandpa Puts On His Shoes, or Grandpa Puts for short.
583:
573:
40:
teacher, marry, raise a child, and be named Native
American Woman of the Year. Madonna Swan became an inspiration to both Native and non-Native women.
578:
568:
104:. Madonna Swan's childhood was filled with beliefs and customs of the traditional Indian lifestyle. She relates a story of being cured of
65:
81:
259:
Madonna Swan-Abdalla was selected as the North
American Indian Woman of the Year by her tribal sisters at Cheyenne River in 1983.
530:
488:
24:
92:
of the age cohort of
Grandpa Puts (born before 1900) were alive during the nomadic days before the Indian victory and defeat of
152:
at this time. The
Indians considered it akin to a social disease. Indian homes that had a person with TB living in them were
347:
588:
156:, and a red tag was attached to them. The tag was later removed when the person with TB died or went to the sanatorium.
97:
440:
172:
by eliminating the air which the bacterium needed to grow, an idea supported by observations by the Italian physician
169:
373:
252:
program and later a teacher. Madonna earned her Graduate Equivalency Diploma (General Educational Development -
593:
180:
unvaried and substandard and infested with rodents and their droppings according to Madonna Swan's telling.
209:
89:
563:
558:
232:
reading and practice in the Sanator classroom how to repair jewelry. She received certification in
159:
The treatment for tuberculosis during this time was isolation (hence the sanatoria) and artificial
101:
249:
164:
37:
528:
Schulte, Steve. Reviewed Work(s). "Madonna Swan: A Lakota Woman's Story by Mark St. Pierre",
329:
208:
Madonna was admitted to Sanator—the South Dakota Tuberculosis Sanatorium, in the community of
492:
418:
319:
136:
Her brother Kermit, who had introduced her to the man who she later married, was wounded in
517:
Ross, Luana. Reviewed Work(s). "Madonna Swan: A Lakota Woman's Story by Mark St. Pierre",
197:
173:
47:
as told through the author Mark St. Pierre, Madonna Swan relates the stories of her life.
401:
324:
307:
189:
85:
552:
149:
56:
20:
216:
which would permanently collapse her infected lung, again it failed to kill the TB.
184:
160:
137:
125:
121:
117:
32:
28:
351:
31:, Madonna Swan prevailed over extreme difficulties including the Native American
153:
77:
221:
116:
Madonna attended Immaculate Conception a Catholic boarding school in Stephan,
225:
444:
333:
233:
69:
466:
377:
376:. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from
213:
141:
93:
443:. Haskell Indian Nations University, Lawrence Kansas. Archived from
163:
or lung compression. In December 1944 Madonna Swan was taken to the
176:. This treatment did not however provide a cure for Madonna Swan.
105:
73:
60:
108:
with the rubbing of a raw potato on them, applied by her father.
253:
285:"Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe: Four Bands of the Lakota Nation"
421:. Texas Tech University. Texas Archival Resources Online
284:
491:
American College of Chest Physicians. Archived from
64:Madonna's father James completed education at both
55:Swan was born on the Cheyenne River Reservation to
400:
148:– bad lung in the Lakota language). TB was a huge
128:. Madonna herself manifested the symptoms of TB.
124:. Several girls died from what was termed quick
348:"Rapid City Indian School and Sioux Sanatorium"
100:and the subsequent final Indian confinement on
419:"Chilocco Indian School (Oklahoma) Collection"
287:. Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe. January 24, 2008
132:Tuberculosis and life at the Indian sanatorium
350:. South Dakota State Archives. Archived from
8:
545:, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991
374:"Administration for Children & Families"
72:, where he would have been taught a skilled
489:"Oleothorax, by W. L. Meyer M.D., F.C.C.P."
467:"Welcome to Highmore: History of Stephen"
323:
525:, No. 4. (Autumn 1995), pp. 561–565
306:Rieder, H. L. (November–December 1989).
276:
224:designed to kill the TB bacteria (INH,
538:, No. 1. (Spring 1995), pp. 91–92
168:collapsing of the lung would kill the
7:
543:Madonna Swan: A Lakota Woman’s Story
403:Madonna Swan: A Lakota Woman's Story
45:Madonna Swan: A Lakota Woman's Story
584:20th-century American women writers
66:Chilocco Indian Agricultural School
574:20th-century Native American women
318:(6). Public Health Rep.: 653–657.
43:In the autobiographical narrative
19:(September 12, 1928 – 1993) was a
14:
531:The Western Historical Quarterly
84:, which was the equivalent to a
25:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
407:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1:
579:20th-century Native Americans
569:Cheyenne River Sioux people
112:Boarding school and disease
610:
170:mycobacterium tuberculosis
519:American Indian Quarterly
399:St. Pierre, Mark (1991).
17:Madonna Mary Swan-Abdalla
140:and had also contracted
240:Life after tuberculosis
188:was substandard due to
236:(watch/clock repair).
90:American Indian elders
82:Haskell Indian College
68:, an Indian school in
312:Public Health Reports
183:Even though the drug
589:Lakota women writers
447:on December 24, 2007
102:Indian reservations
80:, and two years at
23:woman. Born on the
541:St. Pierre, Mark.
469:. City of Highmore
380:on January 3, 2008
354:on January 7, 2008
601:
505:
504:
502:
500:
485:
479:
478:
476:
474:
463:
457:
456:
454:
452:
441:"School History"
437:
431:
430:
428:
426:
415:
409:
408:
406:
396:
390:
389:
387:
385:
370:
364:
363:
361:
359:
344:
338:
337:
327:
303:
297:
296:
294:
292:
281:
165:Sioux Sanatorium
609:
608:
604:
603:
602:
600:
599:
598:
549:
548:
514:
509:
508:
498:
496:
487:
486:
482:
472:
470:
465:
464:
460:
450:
448:
439:
438:
434:
424:
422:
417:
416:
412:
398:
397:
393:
383:
381:
372:
371:
367:
357:
355:
346:
345:
341:
305:
304:
300:
290:
288:
283:
282:
278:
273:
265:
242:
206:
198:Sigurd Anderson
174:Carlo Forlanini
134:
114:
98:Little Big Horn
53:
12:
11:
5:
607:
605:
597:
596:
594:Lakota writers
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
551:
550:
547:
546:
539:
526:
513:
510:
507:
506:
495:on May 3, 2007
480:
458:
432:
410:
391:
365:
339:
298:
275:
274:
272:
269:
264:
261:
241:
238:
205:
202:
190:discrimination
133:
130:
113:
110:
86:junior college
76:geared toward
52:
49:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
606:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
554:
544:
540:
537:
533:
532:
527:
524:
520:
516:
515:
511:
494:
490:
484:
481:
468:
462:
459:
446:
442:
436:
433:
420:
414:
411:
405:
404:
395:
392:
379:
375:
369:
366:
353:
349:
343:
340:
335:
331:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
302:
299:
286:
280:
277:
270:
268:
262:
260:
257:
255:
251:
246:
239:
237:
235:
229:
227:
223:
217:
215:
211:
203:
201:
199:
193:
191:
186:
181:
177:
175:
171:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
129:
127:
123:
119:
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
58:
50:
48:
46:
41:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
542:
535:
529:
522:
518:
497:. Retrieved
493:the original
483:
471:. Retrieved
461:
449:. Retrieved
445:the original
435:
423:. Retrieved
413:
402:
394:
382:. Retrieved
378:the original
368:
356:. Retrieved
352:the original
342:
315:
311:
301:
289:. Retrieved
279:
266:
258:
247:
243:
230:
218:
207:
194:
185:streptomycin
182:
178:
161:pneumothorax
158:
145:
138:World War II
135:
122:hemorrhaging
118:South Dakota
115:
54:
44:
42:
33:tuberculosis
29:South Dakota
16:
15:
564:1993 deaths
559:1928 births
499:January 30,
473:January 30,
451:January 30,
425:January 30,
384:January 30,
358:January 30,
291:January 30,
154:quarantined
146:chanhu sica
126:consumption
78:agriculture
553:Categories
512:References
250:Head Start
222:antibiotic
59:, Western
51:Early life
38:Head Start
226:Isoniazid
234:horology
70:Oklahoma
534:, Vol.
521:, Vol.
334:2511601
325:1580139
214:phrenic
210:Sanator
204:Sanator
142:malaria
332:
322:
263:Legacy
150:stigma
94:Custer
57:Lakota
21:Lakota
271:Notes
106:warts
74:trade
61:Sioux
501:2008
475:2008
453:2008
427:2008
386:2008
360:2008
330:PMID
293:2008
320:PMC
316:104
254:GED
228:).
96:at
27:in
555::
536:26
523:19
328:.
314:.
310:.
192:.
503:.
477:.
455:.
429:.
388:.
362:.
336:.
295:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.