258:. The breeding plumage of the Madagascar plover consists of a white forehead bordered by a black bar and a black crown band, with a white crown band just above. An extra black band is present running from behind the eye, around the hind neck, along with a thick black band across upper chest. The rest of the face is white. Adults weigh 31-43 g, with females weighing on average 37.8 g and males 36.4 g. From the mantle and scapular feathers to the rump, the plumage is greyish brown. The central two feathers of the tail are grey/brown, with the outer feathers a lighter shade with darker distal bands and white tips. The underparts are white, with a rufous lower belly and undertail coverts. The bill, legs and eyes are black during the breeding season. Outside of breeding season, the species' appearance is duller, with the black markings more brown. Downy young weigh about 7.1 g and have a lime-green bill that turns brownish black towards the tip, with brown eyes and dull lime-green legs.
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last egg is laid. When eggs are unattended they are covered for protection and camouflage, and when approached by predators they are defended by both parents. Eggs take approximately 30 days to hatch, and both parents participate in brood care. Chicks are able to fly around 27â37 days after hatching, and fledge 1â5 days later.
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habitat. The species is the rarest breeding plover in
Madagascar, and it is estimated that the endemic population consists of 3100 ± 396 total individuals, implying 1800-2300 mature birds. Additionally, nesting success is very low, and life history traits do not enable the species to reproduce quick
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and
Marambitsy Bay have the highest number of nesting plovers. The breeding season is between August and June, with peak egg laying between April and December. Two clutches of eggs are laid each season. Madagascar plovers are long-lived birds with life-expectancies of approximately 9 years, although
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of the eggs with equal effort, with incubation beginning 1â3 days after the last egg is laid. Eggs may be shaded from the sun before incubation begins. Eggs are incubated for the majority of the day and shaded during the hottest parts of the day. The incubation period lasts for 27â28 days after the
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and alkaline lakes. Scrapes are lined with material from plants, both fresh and dry, and can also include small pebbles and shell debris. One to two eggs are usually laid at 2-3 day intervals. They measure about 33 x 24 mm and have a volume of 8â9 cm. Nests are commonly found near living
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EberhartâPhillips, L. J., Hoffman, J. I., Brede, E. G., Zefania, S., Kamrad, M. J., SzĂ©kely, T., & Bruford, M. W. (2015). Contrasting genetic diversity and population structure among three sympatric
Madagascan shorebirds: parallels with rarity, endemism, and dispersal. Ecology and evolution,
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Calling consists of a short âpipâ repeated every 2-3 s, as well as a âpipipipreeeetâ single note repeated rapidly 3-6 times. Adults call during the breeding season when joining groups, flying, alarming, and attending chicks. The alarm call is a âqui qui qui quiâ whilst flapping wings. When the
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and shrimp farms. As the population is restricted to specialised wetland habitats, they are especially vulnerable to habitat degradation. Cattle may aid the population by creating space to nest, but present the inevitable risk of trampling of birds and nests. The
Madagascar plover's
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in the south-east. Nests are predominantly found in sparsely vegetated habitats such as grasslands, coastal mudflats, salt marshes, edges of alkaline lakes and mangroves, and breeding does not extend more than a few kilometers inland. The
Madagascar plover is not known to migrate.
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Jones, W., Eberhart-Hertel, L.J., Freckleton, R.P., Hoffman, J.I., KrĂŒger, O., Sandercock, B.K., Vincze, O., Zefania, S. and SzĂ©kely, T. (2022), Exceptionally high apparent adult survival in three tropical species of plovers in
Madagascar. J Avian Biol, 2022:.
402:: Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, Kirindy Mitea, and Baly Bay. Control of predators has been suggested as a conservation measure, however this may be difficult as the predators themselves may be endemic to Madagascar, endangered, or protected species.
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vegetation (varying with environment) and are on average located 2â50 m away from the water's edge, as water bodies are vital for feeding. Both parents help to build and defend the nest, with mate site fidelity and pair-bonding being high.
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The
Madagascar plover is the only plover species endemic to Madagascar, and is present mainly on the west and south coasts from Andriamandroro to Tapera. It is estimated that this population occupies 139 km, and breeds from the
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Long, P.R., Zefania, S., ffrench-Constant, R.H. and SzĂ©kely, T. (2008) âEstimating the population size of an endangered shorebird, the
Madagascar plover, using a habitat suitability modelâ, Animal Conservation, 11(2), pp.
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Safford, R., Hawkins, F., Pearson, D.J., Gale, J. and Small, B. (2013) The birds of Africa: Volume VIII: The
Malagasy region: Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes. London, United Kingdom: Poyser. Pg
226:. It inhabits shores of lagoons, coastal grasslands, and breeds in salt marshes. These plovers mainly nest in open grassland and dry mudflats surrounding alkaline lakes. The species is classified as
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such as small clutch sizes, long incubation periods, slow chick growth and long re-nesting intervals make it less able to withstand environmental change, and thus very sensitive to habitat threats.
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Zefania, S., ffrench-Constant, R., Long, P. and
Szekely, T. (2008) âBreeding distribution and ecology of the threatened Madagascar Plover Charadrius thoracicusâ, Ostrich, 79(1), pp. 43â51
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Zefania, S., Emilienne, R., Faria, P.J., Bruford, M.W., Long, P.R. and SzĂ©kely, T. (2010) âCryptic sexual size dimorphism in Malagasy plovers Charadriussppâ, Ostrich, 81(3), pp. 173â178
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The breeding success of Madagascar plovers is very low, with an estimated 22.9% nest success, long re-nesting intervals (52 days), and a low rate of re-nesting.
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because of its low breeding success, slow reproductive rate, and weak adaptation to increasing habitat loss, leading to declining population numbers.
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del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1996) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
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The main threat is habitat loss or degradation, mainly due to the conversion of many natural plover wetland habitats to
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plumage, however females are slightly heavier than males and have longer wings, suggesting slight
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A Madagascar plover nest comprises a small scrape in the ground, most commonly in dry soil in
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The small population is believed to be undergoing continuous decline due to pressure on its
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there is evidence that individuals can live much longer than this.
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Madagascar plover breeding habitat at Lake Antsirabe,
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predator is clear a âtick tickâ sound can be heard.
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398:Three nesting localities are located in protected
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363:The Madagascar plover is classified as
899:Taxa named by Charles Wallace Richmond
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437:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
322:Madagascar plover incubates a nest
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563:https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02911
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879:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
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426:BirdLife International (2016).
246:A Madagascar plover in the hand
40:Tsimanampetsotsa National Park
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342:Both sexes contribute to the
250:Adult males and females have
889:Endemic birds of Madagascar
588:BirdLife Species Factsheet.
38:Adult Madagascar plover at
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78:Scientific classification
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444:: e.T22693780A93422870.
271:Distribution and habitat
894:Birds described in 1896
637:Anarhynchus thoracicus
607:Anarhynchus thoracicus
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292:delta in the north to
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211:Anarhynchus thoracicus
187:Anarhynchus thoracicus
856:Charadrius-thoracicus
651:charadrius-thoracicus
430:Charadrius thoracicus
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307:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
301:Behaviour and ecology
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214:), also known as the
252:sexually monomorphic
222:, native to western
393:life history traits
383:enough to recover.
216:black-banded plover
48:Conservation status
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169:A. thoracicus
24:Madagascar plover
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599:Taxon identifiers
256:sexual dimorphism
206:Madagascar plover
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455:. Retrieved
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351:Conservation
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145:Charadriidae
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884:Anarhynchus
747:iNaturalist
631:Wikispecies
457:12 November
281:Andavadoaka
238:Description
156:Anarhynchus
873:Categories
851:Xeno-canto
406:References
373:Endangered
365:Vulnerable
344:incubation
328:grasslands
228:vulnerable
224:Madagascar
63:Vulnerable
336:mangroves
163:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
791:22693780
765:10195794
677:22693780
672:BirdLife
616:Wikidata
332:mudflats
195:Richmond
141:Family:
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
830:3597004
804:1630611
739:2480293
726:1049107
713:madplo1
687:madplo1
659:Avibase
622:Q520961
542:311-312
477:118â127
380:wetland
367:by the
330:, open
314:Nesting
230:by the
197:, 1896)
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
843:366845
778:176542
646:ARKive
838:WoRMS
817:72978
760:IRMNG
708:eBird
684:BOW:
262:Calls
799:NCBI
786:IUCN
773:ITIS
752:4823
734:GBIF
700:TMXM
459:2021
442:2016
369:IUCN
232:IUCN
204:The
125:Aves
721:EoL
695:CoL
446:doi
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