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The king took a long time to react to the petition, and when he finally did, he rejected its requests. Meanwhile, a large number of
Protestants had returned from exile, and other Protestants now dared come out into the open. Large numbers of Protestants, especially Calvinists, started holding prayer
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The draft was widely circulated and gathered a large number of signatures. The magnates of the nobility at first kept aloof (though Orange must have been in the know through his brother Louis). On 24 January 1566, however, Orange addressed a letter to the Regent, as a member of the
Council, in which
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by the 19th-century
English-language historians who introduced the concept into anglophone historiography. A better translation might have been used, like "covenant". However, the phrase "Compromise of nobles" gained currency and has by now achieved the status of a proper name in English. For that
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On the advice of the moderates in the
Council, like Orange, the Regent replied to the petitioners that she would forward it to the king and that she would support its requests. Brederode handed over a supplementary petition on 8 April, in which the petitioners promised to keep the peace while the
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petition was being sent to Spain, a journey that could take weeks. He assumed that meanwhile, the requested suspension of enforcement would be in effect. That evening the petitioners held a banquet at which they toasted the king and themselves as "beggars". Henceforth the
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meetings outside the walls of many cities. These open-air sermons by
Calvinist preachers, though initially peaceful, caused much anxiety for the local and central authorities. In August 1566, in the depressed industrial area around
284:(another member of the Council of State) to work out a way that was acceptable to the government to present the petition. Finally, on 5 April 1566, a long procession of 300 signers of the petition walked through
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would be desirable, given the toleration now practiced in neighboring lands, like France. He also pointed to the social unrest caused by the famine that scourged the country in that year and remarked that the
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to the Regent's court. There
Brederode read the petition aloud to the Regent, who became very agitated. Afterward, when the Regent met with the Council of State, Orange tried to calm her, and another member,
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of the provinces were represented, such as the lesser nobility and the cities, but most of the time the States-General was not in session and the Regent ruled alone, together with her
Council.
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a rash of attacks on
Catholic church property started, in which religious statuary was destroyed by irate Calvinists, for whom those statues contravened the
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174:, which had gained many adherents in the Netherlands by the early 1560s. To suppress Protestantism he had promulgated extraordinary ordinances, called
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caused growing opposition among the population, both
Catholic and Protestant. The opposition, even among Catholics, was generated because the
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against heresy. They also urged the convening of the States-General so that "better legislation" could be devised to address the matter.
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engulfed the entire country. Though the central authorities eventually suppressed this insurrection, it led to severe repression by the
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were bound to cause trouble in this context. For good measure, he threatened to resign if something along these lines was not done.
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were seen as breaches of the constitutional privileges of the local authorities and the civil liberties of the people, like the
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and the way they were implemented in 1564 and later years. That these protests were systematically ignored and the
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of
October 1565. That led to a gathering of some members of the lesser nobility at the house of Floris, Count of
293:, allegedly remarked: "N'ayez pas peur Madame, ce ne sont que des gueux" (fear not madam, they are nothing but
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In the petition, the nobles, who presented themselves as loyal subjects of the king, asked him to suspend the
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598:, Bulletin de l'Association de la Noblesse du Royaume de Belgique, avril 2023, n° 314, pp. 11–56
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1566 group of Dutch nobles who petitioned the monarchy to lighten its anti-heresy statutes
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The ruler of the Habsburg Netherlands, a conglomerate of duchies and counties and lesser
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in the Netherlands. This petition played a crucial role in the events leading up to the
224:, to Spain to plead for relaxation of the ordinances. Philip replied negatively in his
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591:, Société d'Histoire du Protestantisme Belge, Série V, Livraison 3, Bruxelles, 1968.
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The leaders of the association that supported the draft petition met in
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on 5 April 1566, with the objective of obtaining a moderation of the
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appears to be an overly-literal translation of the French word
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162:, Philip was very much opposed to the Protestant teachings of
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stringently enforced only helped intensify the opposition.
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he offered his unsolicited opinion that moderation of the
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Liste critique des signataires du Compromis des Nobles
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This unrest motivated the Brussels government to send
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The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555–1590
596:Le Compromis des nobles et le Conseil des troubles
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455:that would precipitate the Dutch Revolt and
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282:Antoine II de Lalaing, Count of Hoogstraten
238:Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde
422:Learn how and when to remove this message
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614:Translation of the Petition (English)
484:reason many modern historians of the
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356:adding citations to reliable sources
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443:against graven images. Soon this
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18:Madame, ce ne sont que des gueux
639:Political compromises in Europe
248:and Count Charles of Mansfeld.
226:Letters from the Segovia Woods
87:who came together to submit a
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236:. It was probably drafted by
609:Text of the Petition (Dutch)
594:Charles-Albert de Behault,
304:and the enforcement of the
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501:Van Gelderen, pp. 111–115.
242:Henry, Count of Bréderode
255:Compromise of Nobles by
222:Lamoral, Count of Egmont
196:, as enshrined in the "
42:Geschiedenis van België
371:"Compromise of Nobles"
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537:Van Gelderen, p. 111.
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151:in which the several
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35:Eedverbond der Edelen
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546:Putnam, pp. 166–167.
528:Putnam, pp. 165–166.
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352:improve this section
85:Habsburg Netherlands
72:Compromis des Nobles
488:use the term, like
193:Jus de non evocando
587:G. Bonnevie-Noel,
441:Second Commandment
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125:Philip II of Spain
79:of members of the
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634:Eighty Years' War
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109:Eighty Years' War
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320:Aftermath
230:Culemborg
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77:covenant
75:) was a
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463:Notes
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