297:, who had played an important part in administration and military campaigns during his father's reign. Even as a prince, Govindachandra issued multiple inscriptions, which record grants approved by what appears to be a regency council. Based on these inscriptions, the historians earlier speculated that Madanapala was only a nominal ruler, possibly because of an illness. However, in 1929, an inscription issued by Madanapala himself was discovered, which invalidated this theory.
245:
restore the
Gahadavala power in Kanyakubja and its surrounding area by 1109 CE. A peace treaty was probably concluded between the two parties, as indicated by the 1109 CE Rahin inscription. According to this epigraph, Maharajaputra (prince) Govindachandra fought repeatedly against "Hammira", and made him lay aside his enmity. Hammira is the Sanskrit form of the Arabic title "
207:
his capital, which suggests that he continued to rule from the same city. However, his 1105 CE Kamauli inscription omits the verse about
Kanyakubja, although it contains the other introductory verses from the Bashai inscription. It appears that the Gahadavalas lost Kanyakubja somewhere between 1104
244:
The "Malhi" mentioned by Salman appears to be
Madanapala, as he was the ruler of Kanyakubja during 1104-1105 CE. According to Salman, the Ghaznavids captured Malhi, and released him only after the payment of a ransom. The inscriptions issued by prince Govindachandra indicate that he managed to
305:
Some silver and copper coins featuring "bull-and-horseman" design have been attributed to
Madanapala. Such coins were prevalent in the contemporary northern India. One side of the coins features the horseman, encircled by the king's short name
280:
declares that the mere sport of
Govindachandra threatened the elephants of Gauda. This war appears to have ended with a peace treaty concluded through a matrimonial alliance: Govindachandra married a relative of the Pala king
256:, written by the Gahadavala courtier Lakshmidhara, states that Govindachandra killed the Hammira. This incident may have happened during the reign of Madanapala, or early in the reign of Govindachandra.
176:
Inscriptional evidence suggests that
Madanapala married at least two women: Ralhadevi (IAST: Rālhadevi) and Prithvishrika (IAST: Pṛthvīśrīkā). Ralhadevi was the mother of his successor Govindachandra.
223:(or Hind). According to Salman, the Hind was ruled by the "god-forsaken" chief Malhi, and its capital was Kanauj (Kanyakubja). Salman further states that Kannauj (Kanyakubja) was like the
195:
appears to have led the major wars that happened during his reign. These wars were of defensive nature, and did not lead to annexation of any enemy territory.
707:
325:
However, numismatist P. C. Roy believes that these coins have been wrongly attributed to the
Gahadavala king. According to him, these coins were issued by a
191:
The
Gahadavala inscriptions attribute grand military victories to Madanapala using conventional praises, but do not provide any specific details. His son
329:
king of same name. He points out that there is no epigraphic or literary evidence about the issue of coins by the
Gahadavala ruler Madanapala.
779:
738:
294:
192:
139:
62:
753:
403:
657:
700:
272:'s earlier invasion of their kingdom. The 1109 CE Rahin inscription boasts that prince Govindachandra subdued the elephants of
252:
Subsequently, the
Ghaznavids appear to have launched another attack on the Gahadavala kingdom, which was not successful.
233:
also states that a general named Hajib Tughatigin invaded India during the reign of Mas'ud III. This general crossed the
693:
395:
Village grant issued with the consent of Queen Ralhadevi, Purohita Jaguka, Mahattaka Balhana, and Pratihara Gautama
227:
for the infidels (non-Muslims), and all the treasures of Hindustan were concentrated there. The 13th century text
774:
375:
Village grant issued with the consent of Purohita Jaguka, Mahattaka Balhana, and Pratihara Gautama
273:
219:
by the contemporary Muslim historian Salman states that Mas'ud III launched a holy war against
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653:
431:
383:
81:
647:
119:: Madanapāla, r. c. 1104–1113 CE), also known as Madana-chandra, was an Indian king from the
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229:
452:
363:
169:
165:
326:
211:
The enemy to whom they temporarily lost Kanyakubja was most probably a general of the
768:
743:
124:
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Madanapala's 1104 CE Bashai inscription states that his father Chandradeva had made
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of eastern India invaded the Gahadavala kingdom, probably as a retaliation of
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128:
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The following inscriptions from Madanapala's reign have been discovered:
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116:
30:
Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara
18:
Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara
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played an active role in his administration, and repulsed the
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Village grant issued with the consent of Mahattaka Gangeya.
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318:). The other side features a humped bull with the legend
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dynasty. He ruled the Antarvedi country in present-day
162:. An 1107 CE inscription gives his titles and name as
465:or feudatory), approved by Govindachandra (prince)
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90:
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72:
68:
58:
48:
40:
35:
23:
186:Find-spots of inscriptions from Madanapala's reign
168:Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara Shriman Madanapala-
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8:
158:Madanapala was a son of the Gahadavala king
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615:
591:
579:
567:
555:
540:
525:
508:
493:
708:
694:
686:
339:
20:
603:
479:
670:The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty
249:", which was used by the Ghaznavids.
7:
293:Madanapala was succeeded by his son
14:
1:
649:The Coinage of Northern India
264:Sometime before 1109 CE, the
780:12th-century Indian monarchs
199:Conflict with the Ghaznavids
796:
724:
28:
392:Govindachandra (prince)
372:Govindachandra (prince)
276:(the Pala kingdom). The
76:Ralhadevi, Prithvishrika
260:Conflict with the Palas
430:Varanasi (Adikeshava
667:Roma Niyogi (1959).
389:Vishnupura on Ganga
618:, pp. 246–247.
455:: Rahin (or Rahan)
404:Pratapgarh district
346:Place of discovery
343:Date of issue (CE)
646:P. C. Roy (1980).
458:Asatika on Yamuna
369:Asatika on Yamuna
366:: Bashai (Basahi)
215:ruler Mas'ud III.
164:Parama-bhattaraka
762:
761:
472:
471:
424:16 December 1109
384:Varanasi district
360:25 December 1104
138:Madanapala's son
110:
109:
787:
775:Gahadavala kings
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703:
696:
687:
682:
663:
634:
631:Roma Niyogi 1959
628:
619:
616:Roma Niyogi 1959
613:
607:
606:, p. 97-99.
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595:
592:Roma Niyogi 1959
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580:Roma Niyogi 1959
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568:Roma Niyogi 1959
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559:
556:Roma Niyogi 1959
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541:Roma Niyogi 1959
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526:Roma Niyogi 1959
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512:
509:Roma Niyogi 1959
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494:Roma Niyogi 1959
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380:24 October 1105
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239:Mahmud of Ghazni
230:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
208:CE and 1105 CE.
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461:Lavanapravaha (
453:Etawah district
449:3 January 1109
437:Prithvishrika (
364:Etawah district
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320:Madha-Shri-Sama
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278:Kṛtya-Kalpataru
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254:Kṛtya-Kalpataru
201:
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180:Military career
166:Maharajadhiraja
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44:c. 1104–1113 CE
36:Gahadavala king
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11:
5:
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604:P. C. Roy 1980
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217:Diwan-i-Salman
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193:Govindachandra
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140:Govindachandra
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754:Harishchandra
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744:Vijayachandra
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659:9788170171225
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558:, p. 57.
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543:, p. 56.
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125:Uttar Pradesh
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673:. Oriental.
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410:(or Badera)
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333:Inscriptions
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127:, including
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749:Jayachandra
729:Chandradeva
652:. Abhinav.
416:Madanapala
270:Chandradeva
235:Ganga river
160:Chandradeva
150:invasions.
113:Madana-pala
106:Chandradeva
53:Chandradeva
49:Predecessor
769:Categories
734:Madanapala
717:Gahadavala
475:References
441:or queen)
386:: Kamauli
352:Issued by
349:Issued at
205:Kanyakubja
154:Early life
129:Kanyakubja
121:Gahadavala
97:Gahadavala
24:Madanapala
439:Maharajni
413:Varanasi
289:Successor
221:Hindustan
213:Ghaznavid
144:Ghaznavid
59:Successor
427:Unknown
355:Purpose
283:Ramapala
133:Varanasi
719:dynasty
679:5386449
316:Shri-Ma
92:Dynasty
677:
656:
463:ranaka
432:Ghatta
408:Barera
327:Tomara
308:Madana
103:Father
73:Spouse
400:1107
301:Coins
274:Gauda
266:Palas
225:Qibla
82:Issue
41:Reign
675:OCLC
654:ISBN
312:Mada
247:Amir
170:deva
148:Pala
146:and
131:and
117:IAST
314:or
771::
623:^
548:^
533:^
516:^
501:^
482:^
434:)
406::
322:.
310:,
285:.
173:.
135:.
709:e
702:t
695:v
681:.
662:.
306:(
115:(
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