744:
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100:
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370:
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36:
929:, where upon the death of a member of the community, they were ritually dismembered and consumed by other members of the group, with their skulls being used to create skull cups. At other Magdalenian sites primary burial with no evidence of cannibalism is observed, with a handful of sites showing alternating evidence of cannibalism and primary burial at different occupation layers. At sites with primary burial, genetic analysis of these individuals indicate that they are more closely related to the people of the
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dark skin tone compared to modern
Europeans. A 2023 study proposed that relative to earlier Western European Cro-Magnon related groups like Goyet Q116-1-related Aurignacian and the Western Gravettian associated Fournol cluster, the Goyet-Q2-related Magdalenians appear to have carried significant (~30% ancestry) from the
962:
who inhabited France and Spain prior to the Last
Glacial Maximum. The 15,000 year old GoyetQ2 individual from Goyet Caves is often used as a proxy for Magdalenian ancestry. Analysis of genomes of GoyetQ2-related Magdalenians suggest that like earlier Cro-Magnon groups, they probably had a relatively
467:
Debate continues about the nature of the earliest
Magdalenian assemblages, and it remains questionable whether the Badegoulian culture is the earliest phase of Magdalenian culture. Similarly, finds from the forest of Beauregard near Paris have been suggested as belonging to the earliest Magdalenian.
440:
The
Magdalenian is divided into six phases generally agreed to have chronological significance (Magdalenian I through VI, I being the earliest and VI being the latest). The earliest phases are recognised by the varying proportion of blades and specific varieties of scrapers, the middle phases marked
1009:
cluster (which predominantly descended from the
Villabruna cluster, with possible ancestry related to the Goyet-Q2 cluster), expanded northwards across the Alps, largely replacing the Goyet-Q2 cluster associated Magdalenian groups in Western Europe. In France and Spain, significant GoyetQ2-related
490:
By the end of the
Magdalenian, lithic technology shows a pronounced trend toward increased microlithisation. The bone harpoons and points have the most distinctive chronological markers within the typological sequence. As well as flint tools, Magdalenians are known for their elaborate worked bone,
2013:
Brunel, Samantha; Bennett, E. Andrew; Cardin, Laurent; Garraud, Damien; Barrand Emam, Hélène; Beylier, Alexandre; Boulestin, Bruno; Chenal, Fanny; Ciesielski, Elsa; Convertini, Fabien; Dedet, Bernard; Desbrosse-Degobertiere, Stéphanie; Desenne, Sophie; Dubouloz, Jerôme; Duday, Henri (2020-06-09).
2233:
Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; van de
Loosdrecht, Marieke S.; Posth, Cosimo; Mora, Rafael; MartĂnez-Moreno, Jorge; Rojo-Guerra, Manuel; Salazar-GarcĂa, Domingo C.; Royo-GuillĂ©n, JosĂ© I.; Kunst, Michael; Rougier, HĂ©lène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Arcusa-MagallĂłn, HĂ©ctor; Tejedor-RodrĂguez, Cristina;
2157:
Charlton, Sophy; Brace, Selina; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Kearney, Rebecca; Booth, Thomas; Reade, Hazel; Tripp, Jennifer A.; Sayle, Kerry L.; Grimm, Sonja B.; Bello, Silvia M.; Walker, Elizabeth A.; Gilardet, Alexandre; East, Philip; Glocke, Isabelle; Larson, Greger (2022-10-24).
949:
Cluster in Iberia, have shown close relationship to a population who had lived in
Northern Europe some 20,000 years previously. The analyses suggested that 70-80% of the ancestry of these individuals was from the population represented by Goyet Q116-1, associated with the
925:. Cannibalism has been suggested at a dozen other Magadelian sites across the culture's geographic range, representing 25% of all Magdalenian sites, far more than any other European Paleolithic culture. It has been suggested that Magdalenian peoples practiced a form of
2413:
Conkey, M.W.; Beltrán, A.; Clark, G.A.; Echegaray, J.G.; Guenther, M.G.; Hahn, J.; Hayden, B.; Paddayya, K.; Straus, L.G.; Valoch, K. (October 1980). "The
Identification of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Aggregation Sites: The Case of Altamira ".
743:
1025:
377:
The
Magdalenian is represented by numerous sites, whose contents show progress in arts and culture. It was characterized by a cold and dry climate, humans in association with the reindeer, and the extinction of the
502:
The sea shells and fossils found in Magdalenian sites may be sourced to relatively precise areas and have been used to support hypotheses of Magdalenian hunter-gatherer seasonal ranges, and perhaps trade routes.
330:
Magdalenian peoples produced a wide variety of art, including figurines and cave paintings. Evidence has been found suggesting that Magdalenian peoples regularly engaged in (probably ritualistic)
537:
The best of Magdalenian artworks are a mammoth engraved on a fragment of its own ivory; a dagger of reindeer antler, with a handle in the form of a reindeer; a cave-bear cut on a flat piece of
2650:
4578:
1666:
Russo, Gabriele; Milks, Annemieke; Leder, Dirk; Koddenberg, Tim; Starkovich, Britt M.; Duval, M.; Zhao, J.-X.; Darga, Robert; Rosendahl, Wilfried; Terberger, Thomas (2023-10-12).
2703:
2143:
4461:
4202:
3798:
2376:
Charles, Ruth (1996). "Back into the North: the Radiocarbon Evidence for the Human Recolonisation of the North-Western Ardennes after the Last Glacial Maximum".
967:(thought to be of southeastern European origin, and sharing affinities to West Asian peoples not found in earlier European hunter-gatherers) associated with the
4568:
734:
833:
878:
4593:
4417:
3926:
1720:
545:, trees, and a snake biting a man's leg. The man is naked, which, together with the snake, suggests a warm climate in spite of the presence of the reindeer.
4588:
4573:
2367:
4583:
4249:
3700:
869:
295:. The culture was geographically widespread, and later Magdalenian sites stretched from Portugal in the west to Poland in the east, and as far north as
4598:
2654:
2558:
Housley, R.A.; Gamble, C.S.; Street, M.; Pettitt, P. (1997). "Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial Human Recolonisation of Northern Europe".
2678:, Libor Balák at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research
514:
techno-complex. It has been suggested that key Late-glacial sites in south-western Britain may be attributed to Magdalenian culture, including
2468:
1543:
2362:
2696:
701:
534:
Bones, reindeer antlers and animal teeth display pictures carved or etched on them of seals, fish, reindeer, mammoths and other creatures.
1353:
552:
cave, an 18-inch clay statue of two bison sculpted in relief was discovered in the deepest room, now known as the Room of the Bisons.
4563:
3827:
2733:
99:
79:
57:
860:
710:
541:; a seal on a bear's tooth; a fish drawn on a reindeer antler; and a complete picture, also on reindeer antler, showing horses, an
353:, who had retreated to southwestern Europe during the LGM. Madgalenian peoples were largely replaced and in some areas absorbed by
3921:
1500:
842:
4446:
3837:
2875:
2689:
243:
788:
2540:
1625:
487:. As hunter gatherers, Magdalenians did not re-settle permanently in northwest Europe, instead following herds and seasons.
472:
is a similar culture appearing at the same time. Its known range extends from southeast France to the western shores of the
479:
The later phases of Magdalenian culture are contemporaneous with the human re-settlement of north-western Europe after the
4059:
3589:
2849:
4054:
3594:
3067:
1567:
815:
913:
retouched, possibly to make the broken edges more regular. This manipulation suggests the shaping of skulls to produce
3020:
2671:
559:, and intricately engraved projectile points, as well as items of personal adornment including sea shells, perforated
2917:
283:
hunters, although Magdalenian sites contain extensive evidence for the hunting of red deer, horses, and other large
4322:
4123:
2597:
Reliquae Aquitanicae: being contributions to the archaeology of PĂ©rigord and adjoining provinces of Southern France
887:
369:
4034:
3943:
1536:
1266:
1178:
797:
4317:
3409:
2954:
1901:"Upper Palaeolithic ritualistic cannibalism at Gough's Cave (Somerset, UK): The human remains from head to toe"
1899:
Bello, Silvia M.; SaladiĂ©, Palmira; Cáceres, Isabel; RodrĂguez-Hidalgo, Antonio; Parfitt, Simon A. (May 2015).
358:
50:
44:
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4344:
3516:
3283:
3102:
3035:
2767:
1040:
1006:
934:
725:
386:, increased, making the period essentially a bone period. Bone instruments are quite varied: spear-points,
341:
Genetic studies indicate that the Magdalenian peoples were largely descended from earlier Western European
4522:
4396:
4002:
3893:
3881:
3577:
3318:
3157:
2794:
2728:
2712:
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824:
223:
61:
3464:
582:
has been suggested to be an agglomeration site where groups of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers congregated.
4261:
4197:
4071:
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3690:
3459:
3397:
3273:
3221:
3214:
2760:
2137:
1572:
1493:
1315:
1297:
463:
Magdalenian people dwelt in tents such as this one of Pincevent (France) that dates to 12,000 years ago.
1953:"Cannibalism and burial in the late Upper Palaeolithic: Combining archaeological and genetic evidence"
4558:
4478:
4473:
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4451:
4429:
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151:
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3107:
3082:
1413:
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770:
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Some skulls were cleaned of soft tissues, then had the facial regions removed, with the remaining
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964:
202:
193:
1837:
Bello, Silvia M.; Parfitt, Simon A.; Stringer, Chris B.; Petraglia, Michael (16 February 2011).
1347:
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in modern Belgium. It has also been found that Magdalenians are also closely related to western
761:
752:
549:
2604:
de Sonneville-Bordes, D.; Perrot, J. (1956). "Lexique typologique du Paléolithique supérieur".
917:. Finds of defleshed (as evidenced by cut marks) and cracked bones with human chewing marks at
405:, and other cold weather specialists. Magdalenian humans appear to have been of short stature,
4510:
4500:
4490:
4439:
4096:
3308:
3293:
3278:
3258:
3149:
3128:
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2536:
2519:
2464:
2431:
2393:
2322:
2304:
2216:"Scientists Sequence Genomes of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers from Different Eurasian Cultures"
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1800:
1407:
1303:
983:
575:
300:
215:
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than to the Magdalenians that practiced cannibalism (who belong to the GoyetQ2 cluster).
918:
2497:
2292:
2103:
2031:
1968:
1916:
1854:
1668:"First direct evidence of lion hunting and the early use of a lion pelt by Neanderthals"
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2016:"Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history"
2015:
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2824:
2236:"Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula"
1359:
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In northern Spain and south-west France this tool culture was superseded by the
473:
402:
276:
2300:
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2371:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–284.
2308:
2183:
2086:"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers"
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335:
239:
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146:
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2277:"Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain"
2201:
2160:"Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain"
2129:
2067:
1932:
1882:
1801:"15,000-Year-Old Bison Sculptures Are Perfectly Preserved in a French Cave"
1699:
674:
104:
Distribution of Magdalenian sites in Europe (pink) along with those of the
441:
by the emergence of a microlithic component (particularly the distinctive
238:. They date from around 17,000 to 12,000 years ago. It is named after the
17:
4165:
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of the type site, publishing in 1875. The Magdalenian is associated with
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2505:
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656:
526:
4227:
4133:
4019:
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3733:
3539:
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2944:
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2451:
Enloe, J. (2001). "Magdalenian". In Peregrine, P.N.; Ember, M. (eds.).
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that were present in Western Europe over 30,000 years ago prior to the
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169:
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3832:
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2669:
Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology)
2234:
GarcĂa-MartĂnez de Lagrán, Iñigo; Garrido-Pena, Rafael (April 2019).
1279:
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251:
247:
692:
108:(red). Distribution of the Magdalenian in southern Britain not shown
2427:
4361:
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3965:
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2352:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1024:
987:
975:
525:
492:
458:
430:
382:. The use of bone and ivory as implements, begun in the preceding
311:. Besides La Madeleine, the chief stations of the Magdalenian are
308:
1049:) in European sites, according to timeline and climate evolution.
1018:, with some Neolithic individuals in France and Spain largely of
921:, England suggests that the Magdalenian peoples there engaged in
4307:
4268:
3948:
3748:
3604:
3534:
3454:
3326:
2839:
1257:
1205:
1133:
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2780:
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510:
culture. In northern Europe it was followed by variants of the
3911:
3619:
3385:
3343:
495:
that served both functional and aesthetic purposes, including
29:
2478:
Fu, Q.; Posth, C.; Hajdinjak, M.; et al. (May 2, 2016).
578:
in Spain, with its extensive and varied forms of Magdalenian
1824:
448:), and the later phases by the presence of uniserial (phase
1774:
1732:
246:, a rock shelter located in the Vézère valley, commune of
429:. Magdalenian tool culture is characterised by regular
421:
The culture spans from approximately 17,000 to 12,000
555:
Examples of Magdalenian portable art include batons,
1991:
393:
The fauna of the Magdalenian seems to have included
4405:
4218:
4045:
3892:
3757:
3721:
3570:
3527:
3317:
3148:
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2793:
2651:"Pictures and description of the La Madeleine site"
185:
175:
157:
145:
137:
123:
113:
468:The earliest Magdalenian sites are in France. The
1951:Marsh, William A; Bello, Silvia (November 2023).
2275:Charlton, Sophy; Brace, Selina (November 2022).
2020:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1799:<Madeleine Muzdakis> (January 26, 2021).
570:contain the best known examples of Magdalenian
409:, with a low retreating forehead and prominent
2606:Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France
1022:descent showing significant GoyetQ2 ancestry.
4579:Archaeological cultures in the Czech Republic
2697:
1537:
8:
2142:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
92:
563:teeth (presumably necklaces), and fossils.
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3524:
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2790:
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2704:
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2455:. Boston, MA: Springer. pp. 198–209.
1839:"Earliest Directly-Dated Human Skull-Cups"
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98:
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2316:
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2191:
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2057:
2039:
1976:
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361:ancestry at the end of the Pleistocene.
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures
2084:Posth, C., Yu, H., Ghalichi, A. (2023).
368:
43:This article includes a list of general
2480:"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"
1786:
1617:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1089:
589:
275:). They conducted the first systematic
2560:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
2378:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
2135:
1746:"Pincevent; a prehistoric site museum"
1733:de Sonneville-Bordes & Perrot 1956
91:
2079:
2077:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1894:
1892:
1653:
945:The genes of seven Magdalenians, the
7:
4569:Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe
476:, Russia, with many sites in Italy.
425:, toward the end of the most recent
4594:Archaeological cultures in Portugal
1717:World Prehistory in New Perspective
978:included two samples of haplogroup
456:6) made of bone, antler and ivory.
390:-heads, borers, hooks and needles.
4589:Archaeological cultures in Germany
4574:Archaeological cultures in Belgium
1354:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
1043:(WHG) Villabruna ancestry (orange
359:Villabruna/Western Hunter Gatherer
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4584:Archaeological cultures in France
3828:Megalithic architectural elements
2637:. University of New Mexico Press.
2599:. London: Williams & Norgate.
2533:The Initial Magdalenian in France
530:Antler carving, France, 15,000 BC
452:5) and biserial 'harpoons' (phase
327:and others in south-west France.
4599:Archaeological cultures in Spain
2595:Lartet, E.; Christy, H. (1875).
2345:
1005:Around 14-12,000 years ago, the
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34:
4447:Evolutionary origin of religion
1978:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108309
2281:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2164:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1719:, p. 108, 1977, Cambridge UP,
1045:
1:
4060:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
3590:British megalith architecture
2633:Straus, Lawrence Guy (1992).
1253:
1201:
1123:
1035:
954:of about 35,000 BP, from the
267:originally termed the period
4055:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
3595:Nordic megalith architecture
2653:. 2009-03-01. Archived from
2461:10.1007/978-1-4615-1187-8_16
1925:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.016
1864:10.1371/journal.pone.0017026
1568:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1029:Transition from Magdalenian
1010:ancestry persisted into the
994:, including five samples of
319:, and Gorges d'Enfer in the
4615:
4203:British Isles and Brittany
4124:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
2635:Iberia Before the Iberians
2453:Encyclopedia of Prehistory
2301:10.1038/s41559-022-01883-z
2176:10.1038/s41559-022-01883-z
2112:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0
1957:Quaternary Science Reviews
1905:Journal of Human Evolution
1684:10.1038/s41598-023-42764-0
1604:Dates given vary somewhat.
200:
3888:
3871:
3523:
3510:
2972:
2789:
2776:
2719:
2572:10.1017/s0079497x0000236x
2390:10.1017/s0079497x00002711
2252:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.006
2098:(2 March 2023): 117–126.
1267:Initial Upper Paleolithic
1075:
1068:
1060:
373:Magdalenian cave painting
97:
4564:Industries (archaeology)
2531:Hemingway, M.F. (1980).
927:funerary endocannibalism
141:c. 17,000 – c. 12,000 BP
4435:Evolutionary musicology
3838:Oldest extant buildings
3765:Archaeological features
3284:Prepared-core technique
2368:Encyclopædia Britannica
2041:10.1073/pnas.1918034117
1630:Les Eyzies Tourist Info
1041:Western Hunter Gatherer
1007:Western Hunter-Gatherer
433:industries struck from
323:; Grotte du Placard in
64:more precise citations.
4397:Unchambered long cairn
4245:Mound Builders culture
3578:Neolithic architecture
2713:Prehistoric technology
2618:10.3406/bspf.1956.3357
1073:17,000–9,000 BP
1050:
531:
464:
374:
291:toward the end of the
4072:List of Stone Age art
3274:Microblade technology
3222:Langdale axe industry
2820:Ard / plough
1573:List of Stone Age art
1028:
1020:Early European Farmer
974:The three samples of
905:Treatment of the dead
650:Lascaux cave painting
529:
462:
372:
334:along with producing
4479:Prehistoric medicine
4474:Prehistoric counting
4457:Prehistoric religion
4452:Paleolithic religion
4430:Behavioral modernity
3787:Causewayed enclosure
3679:Abri de la Madeleine
2803:Neolithic Revolution
2416:Current Anthropology
1723:, ISBN 9780521291781
485:Late Glacial Maximum
481:Last Glacial Maximum
357:producing groups of
351:Last Glacial Maximum
152:Abri de la Madeleine
4518:Prehistoric warfare
3264:Magdalenian culture
3227:Levallois technique
3158:Earliest toolmaking
2506:10.1038/nature17993
2498:2016Natur.534..200F
2293:2022NatEE...6.1658C
2246:(7): 1169–1177.e7.
2104:2023Natur.615..117P
2032:2020PNAS..11712791B
2026:(23): 12791–12798.
1969:2023QSRv..31908309M
1917:2015JHumE..82..170B
1855:2011PLoSO...617026B
1775:Housley et al. 1997
952:Aurignacian culture
566:Cave sites such as
293:last glacial period
273:Age of the Reindeer
94:
4469:Origin of language
4462:Spiritual drug use
4372:Rectangular dolmen
4274:Dartmoor kistvaens
4087:Carved stone balls
3799:Circular enclosure
3758:Other architecture
3701:Alp pile dwellings
3289:Solutrean industry
3200:Gravettian culture
2850:Secondary products
2674:2017-06-14 at the
1825:Conkey et al. 1980
1672:Scientific Reports
1195:Middle Paleolithic
1051:
998:and one sample of
982:and one sample of
965:Villabruna cluster
935:Villabruna cluster
532:
465:
375:
203:Prehistoric Europe
194:Ahrensburg culture
114:Geographical range
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4491:Prehistoric music
4440:music archaeology
4097:Cup and ring mark
3922:Clothing/textiles
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3309:Yubetsu technique
3294:Striking platform
3259:Lithic technology
3144:
3143:
3129:Game drive system
3048:Projectile points
2940:Mortar and pestle
2492:(7606): 200–205.
2470:978-1-4684-7131-1
2287:(11): 1658–1668.
2170:(11): 1658–1668.
1626:"The Magdalenian"
1578:Haplogroup I-M170
1563:Swimming Reindeer
1554:
1553:
1247:Upper Paleolithic
1117:Lower Paleolithic
1085:
1084:
1076:Succeeded by
1048:
1038:
986:. All samples of
497:perforated batons
228:Upper Paleolithic
199:
198:
128:Upper Paleolithic
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4606:
4506:Divje Babe flute
4413:Archaeoastronomy
4156:Petrosomatoglyph
3890:
3873:
3722:Water management
3525:
3512:
3415:Denticulate tool
3237:Lithic reduction
2970:
2791:
2778:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2665:
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2662:
2638:
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2591:
2554:
2527:
2517:
2474:
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2409:
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2331:
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2320:
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2230:
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2223:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2141:
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2081:
2072:
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2010:
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1896:
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1724:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1632:. Archived from
1622:
1605:
1602:
1558:Magdalenian Girl
1546:
1539:
1532:
1273:Fertile Crescent
1261:
1255:
1209:
1203:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1087:
1061:Preceded by
1058:
1047:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1033:ancestry (green
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
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755:
746:
737:
728:
713:
704:
695:
686:
677:
668:
659:
647:
632:
623:
614:
605:
596:
455:
451:
345:groups like the
162:Cave of Altamira
102:
95:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
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4609:
4608:
4607:
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4604:
4603:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4534:
4401:
4387:Stone box grave
4357:Megalithic tomb
4262:Cotswold-Severn
4214:
4119:Guardian stones
4047:Prehistoric art
4041:
3884:
3859:
3848:Timber trackway
3753:
3717:
3713:Wattle and daub
3566:
3545:Standing stones
3519:
3498:
3313:
3140:
3117:
3042:
2959:
2869:Food processing
2864:
2813:New World crops
2785:
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2676:Wayback Machine
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2361:, ed. (1911). "
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2240:Current Biology
2232:
2231:
2227:
2222:. 2 March 2023.
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1619:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1550:
1513:
1512:
1368:(41,000-37,000)
1348:Châtelperronian
1262:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1238:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1187:
1186:
1157:(1.76–0.13 Ma)
1138:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1056:
1039:, Goyet Q2) to
943:
907:
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882:
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864:
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837:
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639:
633:
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615:
606:
597:
588:
550:Tuc d'Audoubert
524:
453:
449:
419:
407:dolichocephalic
367:
301:Channel Islands
210:cultures (also
205:
130:
109:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
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5:
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4533:
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4530:
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4515:
4514:
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4508:
4503:
4498:
4496:Alligator drum
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:lunar calendar
4420:
4409:
4407:
4406:Other cultural
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4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
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4359:
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4252:
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4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4210:Venus figurine
4207:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:Megalithic art
4138:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4099:
4094:
4092:Cave paintings
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3990:
3985:
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3958:
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3941:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3894:Material goods
3886:
3885:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
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3840:
3835:
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3824:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3796:
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3782:
3772:
3767:
3761:
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3755:
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3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3610:Cliff dwelling
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
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3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
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3405:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Fire hardening
3192:
3187:
3185:Clovis culture
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3108:Manis Mastodon
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3052:
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3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2987:throwing stick
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
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2942:
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2645:
2644:External links
2642:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2612:(7): 408–412.
2601:
2592:
2555:
2541:
2528:
2475:
2469:
2448:
2428:10.1086/202540
2422:(5): 609–630.
2410:
2373:
2359:Chisholm, Hugh
2341:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2267:
2225:
2207:
2149:
2073:
1996:
1992:Fu et al. 2016
1984:
1938:
1888:
1829:
1817:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1763:Hemingway 1980
1755:
1737:
1725:
1713:Clark, Grahame
1705:
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1491:
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1466:
1460:
1455:
1452:Iberomaurusian
1449:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1410:(15.5–13.1 ka)
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1330:(12.2–10.8 ka)
1325:
1324:(14.5–11.5 ka)
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1270:
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584:
574:. The site of
523:
520:
418:
415:
366:
365:Period biology
363:
317:Laugerie-Basse
269:L'âge du renne
261:Édouard Lartet
236:western Europe
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33:
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4411:
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4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:Simple dolmen
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Passage grave
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2657:on 2009-03-01
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2354:public domain
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1849:(2): e17026.
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1805:My Modern Met
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1636:on 2021-01-18
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1507:Afontova Gora
1505:
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1501:Mal'ta–Buret'
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1396:Epigravettian
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1003:
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969:Epigravettian
966:
961:
957:
953:
948:
940:
938:
936:
932:
931:Epigravettian
928:
924:
920:
916:
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904:
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719:cave painting
718:
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676:
671:
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658:
653:
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638:cave painting
637:
631:
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617:
613:
608:
604:
599:
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585:
583:
581:
580:mobiliary art
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
553:
551:
546:
544:
540:
535:
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521:
519:
517:
516:Kent's Cavern
513:
509:
504:
500:
498:
494:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
470:Epigravettian
461:
457:
447:
444:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
355:Epigravettian
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:Henry Christy
262:
258:
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245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
195:
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188:
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174:
171:
167:
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160:
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153:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
107:
106:Epigravettian
101:
96:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4323:wedge-shaped
4308:Funeral pyre
4301:Great dolmen
4257:Chamber tomb
4238:Round barrow
4193:Stone circle
4065:Blombos Cave
3993:Grooved ware
3917:Chalcolithic
3821:Thornborough
3739:Flush toilet
3674:Blombos Cave
3669:Rock shelter
3625:Quiggly hole
3517:Architecture
3492:illustration
3263:
3134:Buffalo jump
2955:Storage pits
2918:Aşıklı Höyük
2908:Ground stone
2744:Subdivisions
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2634:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2563:
2559:
2532:
2489:
2483:
2452:
2419:
2415:
2381:
2377:
2366:
2338:Bibliography
2284:
2280:
2270:
2261:10261/208851
2243:
2239:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2167:
2163:
2152:
2138:cite journal
2095:
2089:
2023:
2019:
1987:
1960:
1956:
1908:
1904:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:
1794:
1787:Charles 1996
1782:
1770:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1708:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:the original
1629:
1620:
1492:
1437:
1416:(14–12.8 ka)
1401:
1350:(44.5–36 ka)
1333:
1312:(18–12.5 ka)
1271:
1181:(400–220 ka)
1175:(424–400 ka)
1169:(500–130 ka)
1151:(2.6–1.7 Ma)
1105:
1070:Magdalenian
1069:
1004:
990:belonged to
973:
944:
919:Gough's Cave
908:
565:
554:
547:
536:
533:
505:
501:
489:
478:
466:
443:denticulated
439:
420:
403:arctic hares
399:arctic foxes
392:
376:
340:
329:
268:
259:
257:department.
244:La Madeleine
222:) are later
219:
211:
207:
206:
166:Kents Cavern
76:
67:
48:
4559:Magdalenian
4345:unchambered
4340:Long barrow
4330:Grave goods
4286:Court cairn
4281:Clava cairn
4233:Bowl barrow
4171:Rock cupule
4114:Golden hats
4107:Hill figure
4008:Unstan ware
3988:Cord-marked
3853:Sweet Track
3775:Burnt mound
3696:Stilt house
3684:Sibudu Cave
3477:Tally stick
3445:Quern-stone
3430:Hammerstone
3420:Fire plough
3391:Pesse canoe
3349:Bannerstone
3319:Other tools
3232:Lithic core
3180:Aurignacian
3068:Bare Island
2950:Quern-stone
1911:: 170–189.
1810:January 29,
1414:Federmesser
1402:Magdalenian
1372:PĂ©rigordian
1360:Aurignacian
1298:Aurignacian
1292:Baradostian
1235:(130–10 ka)
1229:(130–70 ka)
1223:(145–20 ka)
1217:(160–40 ka)
1092:Paleolithic
960:Gravettians
956:Goyet Caves
923:cannibalism
491:antler and
483:during the
474:Volga River
411:brow ridges
347:Gravettians
332:cannibalism
287:present in
277:excavations
220:Magdalénien
208:Magdalenian
186:Followed by
176:Preceded by
158:Major sites
93:Magdalenian
62:introducing
4553:Categories
4484:trepanning
4377:Ring cairn
4335:Jar burial
4318:transepted
4250:U.S. sites
4151:Petroglyph
4077:Bird stone
4035:wine press
3708:Stone roof
3691:Roundhouse
3583:long house
3560:Stonehenge
3528:Ceremonial
3472:Stone tool
3299:Tool stone
3269:Metallurgy
3173:Mousterian
3150:Toolmaking
3088:Cumberland
3061:Transverse
3031:Schöningen
2923:Qesem cave
2891:Earth oven
2845:Irrigation
2756:Technology
2724:Prehistory
2661:2019-09-28
2542:0860541045
2363:Madelenian
1963:: 108309.
1654:Enloe 2001
1640:2019-09-28
1584:References
1520:Mesolithic
1509:(21–12 ka}
1503:(24–15 ka)
1477:(15–11 ka)
1471:(15—11 ka)
1465:(22–14 ka)
1454:(25–11 ka)
1448:(42–18 ka)
1428:(13–12 ka)
1426:Ahrensburg
1422:(14–10 ka)
1404:(17–12 ka)
1398:(20–10 ka)
1392:(22–17 ka)
1386:(29–25 ka)
1380:(33–24 ka)
1378:Gravettian
1374:(35–20 ka)
1362:(43–26 ka)
1356:(43–32 ka)
1344:(48–40 ka)
1342:Bohunician
1316:Trialetian
1306:(20–10 ka)
1300:(35–29 ka)
1294:(36–18 ka)
1288:(46–42 ka)
1282:(50–40 ka)
1215:Mousterian
1173:Clactonian
1127: 3.3
1012:Mesolithic
915:skull cups
911:brain case
512:Tjongerian
446:microliths
417:Chronology
397:reindeer,
395:cave lions
343:Cro-Magnon
336:skull cups
313:Les Eyzies
232:Mesolithic
212:Madelenian
201:See also:
132:Mesolithic
45:references
18:Madelenian
4528:symbolism
4392:Tor cairn
4350:Grønsalen
4291:Cremation
4183:Sculpture
4161:Pictogram
4146:Petroform
3966:amber use
3934:Cosmetics
3744:Reservoir
3729:Check dam
3659:Pueblitos
3654:Pit-house
3637:Longhouse
3571:Dwellings
3440:Microlith
3371:Bow drill
3366:Bone tool
3359:prismatic
3168:Acheulean
3083:Cresswell
3056:Arrowhead
2982:Boomerang
2898:Granaries
2860:Terracing
2739:Stone Age
2626:0037-9514
2588:130323509
2580:0079-497X
2566:: 25–54.
2535:. B.A.R.
2444:145367811
2436:0011-3204
2406:128580542
2398:0079-497X
2309:2397-334X
2184:2397-334X
2050:0027-8424
1692:2045-2322
1678:: 16405.
1612:Footnotes
1489:(10–8 ka)
1483:(15–5 ka)
1458:Mushabian
1446:Khormusan
1434:(11–8 ka)
1432:Swiderian
1390:Solutrean
1384:Pavlovian
1366:Szeletian
1318:(16–8 ka)
1227:Micoquien
1161:Madrasian
1155:Acheulean
1064:Solutrean
1016:Neolithic
561:carnivore
557:figurines
435:carinated
384:Solutrean
240:type site
180:Solutrean
147:Type site
4166:Rock art
4129:painting
4102:Geoglyph
3927:timeline
3907:Beadwork
3647:Mehrgarh
3642:Mudbrick
3550:megalith
3425:Fire-saw
3247:debitage
3242:analysis
3210:Hand axe
3190:Cupstone
2768:Glossary
2729:Timeline
2672:Archived
2524:27135931
2384:: 1–17.
2327:36280785
2220:Sci.News
2202:36280785
2130:36859578
2068:32457149
1933:25887278
1883:21359211
1843:PLOS ONE
1700:37828055
1487:Magosian
1475:Sebilian
1328:Khiamian
1322:Natufian
1286:Ahmarian
1179:Mugharan
1163:(1.5 Ma)
1145:(3.3 Ma)
1100:Pliocene
1054:See also
947:El Miron
941:Genetics
933:culture/
717:Altamira
576:Altamira
572:cave art
325:Charente
321:Dordogne
281:reindeer
255:Dordogne
252:France's
224:cultures
70:May 2021
4523:Symbols
4134:pigment
4020:Weaving
3983:Cardium
3978:Pottery
3973:Mirrors
3961:Jewelry
3902:Baskets
3882:culture
3734:Cistern
3540:Pyramid
3482:Weapons
3460:Scraper
3450:Racloir
3410:Cleaver
3398:Chopper
3304:Uniface
3215:Grooves
3205:Hafting
3163:Oldowan
3122:Systems
3073:Cascade
3036:woomera
3026:harpoon
2999:history
2965:Hunting
2945:Pottery
2886:Cooking
2795:Farming
2761:history
2734:Outline
2551:7368169
2515:4943878
2494:Bibcode
2356::
2318:9630104
2289:Bibcode
2193:9630104
2121:9977688
2100:Bibcode
2059:7293694
2028:Bibcode
1965:Bibcode
1913:Bibcode
1874:3040189
1851:Bibcode
1494:Siberia
1481:Eburran
1420:Azilian
1408:Hamburg
1310:Kebaran
1304:Zarzian
1233:Sangoan
1221:Aterian
1204:300–50
1167:Soanian
1149:Oldowan
1143:Lomekwi
1104:before
1079:Azilian
1046:
1036:
636:Lascaux
586:Gallery
568:Lascaux
548:In the
543:aurochs
508:Azilian
437:cores.
427:ice age
388:harpoon
380:mammoth
305:England
285:mammals
226:of the
190:Azilian
170:Lascaux
58:improve
4501:flutes
4296:Dolmen
4220:Burial
4030:winery
4003:Linear
3833:Midden
3811:Cursus
3804:Goseck
3664:Pueblo
3615:Dugout
3600:Burdei
3279:Mining
3103:Lamoka
3098:Folsom
3078:Clovis
2935:Metate
2913:Hearth
2881:Basket
2855:Sickle
2624:
2586:
2578:
2549:
2539:
2522:
2512:
2485:Nature
2467:
2442:
2434:
2404:
2396:
2350:
2325:
2315:
2307:
2200:
2190:
2182:
2128:
2118:
2091:Nature
2066:
2056:
2048:
1931:
1881:
1871:
1750:UNESCO
1721:google
1698:
1690:
1463:Halfan
1439:Africa
1335:Europe
1280:Emiran
1256:50–12
1250:
1198:
1132:– 300
1120:
539:schist
454:
450:
307:, and
299:, the
297:France
289:Europe
248:Tursac
216:French
124:Period
47:, but
4418:sites
4362:Mummy
4082:Cairn
3998:JĹŤmon
3949:shoes
3944:Hides
3816:Henge
3770:Broch
3632:Jacal
3487:Wheel
3435:Knife
3381:Canoe
3376:Burin
3354:Blade
3252:flake
3113:Plano
3021:baton
3011:Spear
2977:Arrow
2930:Manos
2783:Tools
2584:S2CID
2440:S2CID
2402:S2CID
1589:Notes
1469:Qadan
1031:Goyet
988:mtDNA
976:Y-DNA
493:ivory
431:blade
309:Wales
271:(the
250:, in
138:Dates
4511:gudi
4269:Cist
4198:list
4025:Wine
3954:Ă–tzi
3939:Glue
3912:Beds
3880:and
3878:Arts
3749:Well
3605:Cave
3535:Kiva
3465:side
3455:Rope
3403:tool
3337:bone
3327:Adze
3093:Eden
3006:Nets
2876:Fire
2840:Goad
2825:Celt
2622:ISSN
2576:ISSN
2547:OCLC
2537:ISBN
2520:PMID
2465:ISBN
2432:ISSN
2394:ISSN
2323:PMID
2305:ISSN
2198:PMID
2180:ISSN
2144:link
2126:PMID
2064:PMID
2046:ISSN
1929:PMID
1879:PMID
1812:2021
1696:PMID
1688:ISSN
1106:Homo
1090:The
1014:and
984:HIJK
263:and
230:and
3620:Hut
3555:row
3386:Oar
3344:Axe
3332:Awl
2614:doi
2568:doi
2510:PMC
2502:doi
2490:534
2457:doi
2424:doi
2386:doi
2365:".
2313:PMC
2297:doi
2256:hdl
2248:doi
2188:PMC
2172:doi
2116:PMC
2108:doi
2096:615
2054:PMC
2036:doi
2024:117
1973:doi
1961:319
1921:doi
1869:PMC
1859:doi
1680:doi
1000:U5b
996:U8b
522:Art
242:of
234:in
4555::
2620:.
2610:53
2608:.
2582:.
2574:.
2564:63
2562:.
2545:.
2518:.
2508:.
2500:.
2488:.
2482:.
2463:.
2438:.
2430:.
2420:21
2418:.
2400:.
2392:.
2382:62
2380:.
2321:.
2311:.
2303:.
2295:.
2283:.
2279:.
2254:.
2244:29
2242:.
2238:.
2218:.
2196:.
2186:.
2178:.
2166:.
2162:.
2140:}}
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2124:.
2114:.
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2088:.
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2062:.
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1999:^
1971:.
1959:.
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1941:^
1927:.
1919:.
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1907:.
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1891:^
1877:.
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1715:,
1694:.
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1676:13
1674:.
1670:.
1628:.
1597:^
1518:↓
1496::
1441::
1337::
1275::
1258:ka
1254:c.
1206:ka
1202:c.
1134:ka
1130:Ma
1124:c.
1098:↑
1002:.
971:.
518:.
499:.
423:BP
413:.
401:,
338:.
315:,
303:,
218::
214:;
192:,
168:,
164:,
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2628:.
2616::
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2570::
2553:.
2526:.
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