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250:. It is important to note that it took over twenty years for her to be promoted from assistant professor to full professor; this demonstrates lateral segregation. She ended up juggling fieldwork, teaching and administrative duties for a good part of her career. Fritz officially ended her career with retirement in 1967, but she continued to research human evolution and origin of the Earth for the majority of her life.
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203:. Due to strict gender rules of that time, Wilson would not have been permitted to travel with any male colleagues. Therefore, she invited Fritz to join her on the expedition as her assistant while school was out for the summer. Fritz signed up as a "cook and canoe man," and accompanied Wilson for the six-week expedition in
171:. Growing up, she developed a fascination for the geological formations, like mountains, of her hometown. Her father was a sea captain, so she spent many of her early years in and around the ocean. As a young girl she often played on the beach with marine life, which sparked her initial interest in fossil invertebrates.
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situated at the Royal
Ontario Museum in the Department of Invertebrate Paleontology. She also redescribed a variation of the genus S. catenulata diversa as Mesotrypa catenulata diversa. Additionally, she redescribed bryozoan-type samples which gathered from the marine rocks surrounding Workman's Creek.
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She has inspired many students through her work, like Mary Turner. It is possible that Fritz may have been trying to encourage her protégées to pursue doctoral studies so that there would be a strong cohort of women trained to replace her prior to her retirement. However, some female students may not
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Madeleine Fritz's contribution to palaeontology is remembered during the "Madeleine Fritz Annual
Lecture in Palaeontology" event where namely women guest speakers discuss advancements in the geological field. It is also a space for discussion about new research and findings in the field. This event
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in 1920, Fritz was the only female graduate student in the geology department. Despite this, Fritz mentioned that she felt accepted by those in her class and that no one ever tried to deter her from pursuing her degree in geology. She completed her M.A. in 1923 and her Ph.D. in 1926, making her the
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Fritz is considered one of the pioneering researchers on the
Palaeozoic fossil Bryozoa, which is a type of sea creature that bonds together and builds joint skeletons composed of tiny chambers or tubes. Her research on these creatures has led her to being called the “great-grandmother of Palaeozoic
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alongside other students and paleontologists to compile an inventory of fossils from the Upper
Ordovician stratigraphy found in the Credit River area. This work was published from 1923 to 1927 in 6 different papers by the Ontario Department of Mines and are still cited today as definitive works on
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Fritz's career was a reflection of a successful female academic breakthrough in a field mainly dominated by males since it was associated with rugged work like mining and exploration. She broke barriers regarding female gender roles of getting married and raising children as a career, and instead
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as an associate director from 1936 to 1955, and later became the
Invertebrate Palaeontology Curator at the ROM from 1955 to 1957. In 1956, she became a palaeontology professor at University of Toronto under the Department of Geology until her official retirement in 1967. Fritz was a member of the
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has an annual travel grant that Fritz had created a fund for. Each year, two grants are given out to students furthering their education in palaeontology. Up to 1,000 dollars is awarded for each grant. It is used to lighten the financial burden for the students so that they can attend the Royal
364:
rocks of
Toronto and its surrounding areas. In addition, she redescribed type specimens from the Bryozoan Heterotrypa from Upper Ordovician rocks that came from the Credit River Valley area in Ontario. She studied the species Atactoporella, Homotrypa, and Homotrypella. These bryozoan types are
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Throughout her lifetime, Madeleine Fritz wrote many different research papers, composing over sixty of them between the years 1923 and 1927. Her main research was on the topic of
Canadian faunas and fossils, specifically she made significant contributions to research of Palaeozoic
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in 1930 became the first woman in Canada to be elected a Fellow of the Royal
Society of Canada and twelve years later, in 1942, Fritz would become the second woman to be elected to the organization. When they met, Wilson was preparing to embark on a geological expedition to
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pursued her graduate degree. Fritz continued these accomplishments through participating in field work and publishing numerous research paper's while actively maintaining her administration and teaching roles.
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of
Palaeontology, which was affiliated with the University of Toronto. This position made her the only female geologist in Canada to hold an academic position in the field of geology during the interwar years.
214:, Fritz remained a teacher at Elmwood for one more year prior to deciding to enrol in the geology program offered at the University of Toronto. At the time, she was the only woman in the Geology program.
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Redescription of type specimens of species of the
Bryozoan genera Atactoporella, Homoptrypa, and Homotrypella from the Upper Ordovician Rocks of the Credit River Valley, Ontario, Canada /
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455:"Redescription of type specimens of species of the bryozoan genera Dekayia, Homotrypa, and Stigmatella from Upper Ordovician rocks along Workman's Creek, Ontario"
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have wanted to make the personal sacrifices that many of the early women in geology had made in terms of remaining single and focusing solely on their careers.
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that she took on a leadership role in the North American study of Ordovician Bryozoa. She was very grateful to have been able to be mentored by
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Ontario Museum and examine their artifacts and fossils. The grant is called the "M.A Fritz Travel Grant", having been named after her.
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Redescription of type specimens of the Bryozoan Heterotrypa from Upper Ordovician Rocks of the Credit River Valley, Ontario, Canada /
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776:"Dinosaurs Under the Microscope: The Madeleine A. Fritz Annual Lecture Featuring: Mary Higby Schweitzer on January 30,2018"
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931:"Redescription of type specimens of bryozoan Stigmatella from the Upper Ordovician of the Toronto region, Ontario /"
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182:. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1919, she went on to teach at Elmwood Private Girls School in
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Alberta Women in the Field, Geoscientists in the Resource Industry, Government Research, and Academia, 1914-1999
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named "Multisolenia, A New Genus of Palaeozoic Corals" while at the University of Toronto. She described a new
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She also took part in a lot of fieldwork over the course of her career which was opposed quite strongly by the
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Madeleine Fritz wrote a paper on the redescription of Trepostomatous bryozoan types that came from the Upper
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Bryozoa". Her scientific journals on these extinct marine invertebrates are internationally acclaimed.
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Fritz. Two years later she provided further evidence for the distinction of the new found genus.
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246:. She was the first woman to hold this position. In 1956, Fritz became a full professor at the
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first woman in Canada to have ever received a Ph.D. within the geology/palaeontology field.
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242:. In 1955, Fritz became the curator of the Department of Invertebrate Palaeontology of the
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641:"Women's Work in Geology: A Historical Perspective on Gender Division in Canadian Science"
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Creating Complicated Lives: Women and Science at English-Canadian Universities, 1880-1980
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Creating Complicated Lives: Women and Science at English-Canadian Universities, 1880-1980
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Creating Complicated Lives: Women and Science at English-Canadian Universities, 1880-1980
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as the second woman to receive such honour within Canada. In 1967, Fritz received the
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In 1935, Fritz was hired as an assistant professor in the geology department at the
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Fritz received several honours throughout her lifetime. In 1942 she entered the
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and the surrounding areas were major contributions to the geological field.
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It was during the time that Fritz studied under renowned palaeontologist
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703:"Famous Canadian Women's Famous Firsts - Academics and Librarians"
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University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services
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Burke, Joan (2003). "The life and times of Madeleine Fritz".
186:, Canada. While living in Ottawa, she met palaeontologist,
123:, where she taught vertebrate studies in the department of
392:(1937). "Multisolenia, a New Genus of Paleozoic Corals".
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In 1937, Fritz authored a journal entry in the field of
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William Arthur Parks, Ph. D., LL. D., F.R.S., 1868-1936
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A., Fritz, Madeleine; Museum., Royal Ontario (1973).
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A., Fritz, Madeleine; Museum., Royal Ontario (1977).
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A., Fritz, Madeleine; Museum., Royal Ontario (1975).
413:—— (1939). "Two Unique Silurian Corals".
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Among the published writings of Madeleine Fritz are:
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115:(3 November 1896 – 20 August 1990) was a Canadian
190:. Wilson was an assistant palaeontologist at the
230:In 1927, Fritz was hired as an assistant at the
497:"Memorial to Madeleine Alberta Fritz 1896-1990"
131:along with her research on the stratigraphy of
1092:Madeleine Alberta Fritz oral history interview
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914:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
873:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
461:(132). Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum (ROM).
157:International Federation of University Women
1136:Academic staff of the University of Toronto
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957:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
210:After returning from her expedition with
322:From 1922 to 1927 Fritz worked with Dr.
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800:"2020 Madeleine Fritz Travel Grant"
731:Ainley, Marianne Gosztonyi (2012).
675:Ainley, Marianne Gosztonyi (2012).
612:Ainley, Marianne Gosztonyi (2012).
349:-district in northern Ontario. The
758:O'Donnell, Cynthia Nelles (2000).
304:National Museum of Natural Science
174:Fritz studied Arts and English at
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1071:Works by or about Madeleine Fritz
440:. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.
194:, which was based out of Ottawa.
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149:Geological Association of Canada
127:. Fritz's writing on the fossil
737:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
681:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
639:Ainley, Marianne (March 1995).
618:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
1146:Canadian women paleontologists
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1034:Biodiversity Heritage Library
153:Geological Society of America
119:. She was a professor at the
1026:806208215 (all editions)
167:Madeleine Fritz was born in
255:Geological Survey of Canada
192:Geological Survey of Canada
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1051:8393146 (all editions)
459:Life Science Contributions
990:The Canadian Encyclopedia
986:"Madeleine Alberta Fritz"
528:The Canadian Encyclopedia
523:"Madeleine Alberta Fritz"
300:Canadian Centennial Medal
169:Saint John, New Brunswick
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43:Saint John, New Brunswick
1121:Canadian paleontologists
1141:Canadian women curators
1086:Madeleine Alberta Fritz
707:famouscanadianwomen.com
495:Monteith, John (1993).
453:—— (1982).
434:—— (1971).
415:Journal of Paleontology
394:Journal of Paleontology
341:, a coral found in the
296:Royal Society of Canada
113:Madeleine Alberta Fritz
946:Cite journal requires
656:Cite journal requires
1045:Fritz 1982: see also
1020:Fritz 1917: see also
355:Multisolenia tortuosa
248:University of Toronto
240:University of Toronto
224:University of Toronto
121:University of Toronto
81:University of Toronto
804:Royal Ontario Museum
370:William Arthur Parks
324:William Arthur Parks
283:Royal Ontario Museum
276:Royal Ontario Museum
244:Royal Ontario Museum
232:Royal Ontario Museum
222:While attending the
144:Royal Ontario Museum
142:Fritz worked at The
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159:Panel of Experts.
23:Madeleine A. Fritz
744:978-0-7735-4067-5
176:McGill University
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56:(1990-08-20)
1116:1990 deaths
1111:1896 births
780:Toronto.com
1105:Categories
1009:Fritz 1971
995:2017-10-10
972:Fritz 1982
835:Fritz 1939
823:Fritz 1937
809:2021-02-12
785:2019-02-05
717:2017-11-28
643:: 140–142.
475:References
467:1052536628
362:Ordovician
163:Early life
35:1896-11-03
910:cite book
869:cite book
578:199583758
69:Education
574:ProQuest
534:15 April
510:: 95–98.
351:genotype
343:Silurian
205:Manitoba
180:Montreal
151:and the
45:, Canada
1073:at the
1057:in BHL.
566:Rotunda
427:1298518
406:1298501
345:of the
317:Bryozoa
290:Honours
133:Toronto
129:Bryozoa
125:Geology
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402:JSTOR
374:Parks
336:genus
1055:copy
1053:and
1047:OCLC
1030:copy
1028:and
1022:OCLC
959:link
952:help
916:link
896:ISBN
875:link
855:ISBN
739:ISBN
683:ISBN
662:help
620:ISBN
536:2016
463:OCLC
442:OCLC
281:The
51:Died
29:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.