343:"Leininger defined nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession and discipline focused on human care phenomena and caring activities in order to assist, support, facilitate or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their health or well-being in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help individuals face handicaps or death." (Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2002). Transcultural nursing:Concepts, theories, research & practice. New York: McGraw Hill., p. 46)
359:"a substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures. Transcultural nursing's goal is to provide culture specific and universal nursing care practices for the health and well-being of people or to help them face unfavorable human conditions, illness or death in culturally meaningful ways."
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These two types of knowledge intertwined to determine how culture was viewed within the indigenous society and how outside providers would react to it. It was imperative to
Leininger that nurses understand specifically the Emic knowledge to have a better understanding of what could be done to tailor
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The cultural care theory aims to provide culturally congruent nursing care through "cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with individual's, group's, or institution's cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways" (Leininger,
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13. The qualitative paradigm provides new ways of knowing and different ways to discover the epistemic and ontological dimensions of human care transculturally. (Leininger, M. M. (1991). The theory of culture care diversity and universality. New York: National League for
Nursing., pp. 44–45)
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8. Cultural care values, beliefs, and practices are influenced by and tend to be embedded in worldview, language, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), political (or legal), educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of a particular culture.
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M. M. (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, research & practices. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.5, p. 75) This care is intended to fit with or have beneficial meaning and health outcomes for people of different or similar cultural backgrounds.
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10. Culturally congruent or beneficial nursing care can only occur when the individual, group, community, or culture care values, expressions, or patterns are known and used appropriately and in meaningful ways by the nurse with the people.
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12. Clients who experience nursing care that fails to be reasonably congruent with their beliefs, values, and caring lifeways will show signs of cultural conflicts, noncompliance, stresses and ethical or moral concerns.
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While
Leininger initially started with the creation of the cultural care theory she would later build the theory into a nursing specialty called Transcultural Nursing. In Leininger's own words Transcultural nursing is:
499:"Caring: Some Reflections on the Impact of the Culture Care Theory by McFarland & Andrews and a Conversation With Leininger - Pamela N. Clarke, Marilyn R. McFarland, Margaret M. Andrews, Madeleine Leininger, 2009"
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she had received, Leininger wanted to have nursing look at patients with a cultural perspective, utilizing the indigenous perspective from the patient's own culture and how the outside world would perceive them.
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6. Culture care concepts, meanings, expressions, patterns, processes, and structural forms of care are different (diversity) and similar (towards commonalities or universalities) among all cultures of the world.
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9. Beneficial, healthy, and satisfying culturally based nursing care contributes to the well being of individuals, families, groups, and communities within their environmental context.
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7. Every human culture has lay (generic, folk, or indigenous) care knowledge and practices and usually some professional care knowledge and practices which vary transculturally.
278:"These modes have substantively influenced nurses’ ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care and have fostered the development of culturally-competent nurses."
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Leininger proposes that there are three modes for guiding nursing care judgements, decisions, or actions to provide appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care:
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11. Culture care differences and similarities between professional caregiver(s) and client (generic) care-receiver(s) exist in any human culture worldwide.
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4. Nursing is a transcultural, humanistic, and scientific care discipline and profession with the central purpose to serve human beings worldwide.
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from St. Anthony's
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Leininger focused on two types of knowledge that were present in every culture.
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1. Care is the essence of nursing and a distinct, dominant, and unifying focus.
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Leininger provides a visual aid to her theory with the
Sunrise Model.
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Transcultural nursing: concepts, theories, research and practice
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1998: Distinguished Fellow, Royal
College of Nursing (Australia)
523:. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 7–9.
148:. She later studied cultural and social anthropology at the
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List of Living
Legends of the American Academy of Nursing
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Combining her nursing experience with the doctorate in
152:, earning a PhD in 1966. Leininger held at least three
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University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus faculty
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Theoretical assumptions and orientational definitions
398:"Finding Aid: The Madeleine M. Leininger Collection"
112:, nursing professor and developer of the concept of
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549:"Mapping the literature of transcultural nursing"
128:Leininger was born on 13 July 1925. She earned a
340:nursing care to be more culturally appropriate.
116:. First published in 1961, her contributions to
120:involve the discussion of what it is to care.
108:(July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was a
475:. American Academy of Nursing. Archived from
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159:Dr. Leininger held faculty positions at the
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553:Journal of the Medical Library Association
167:, followed by service as a nursing school
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521:Cultural Care Diversity and Universality
191:in Omaha. Leininger died at her home in
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275:(c) re-patterning and/or restructuring
224:Components of culturalogical assessment
265:meal preparation and related life ways
655:Catholic University of America alumni
189:University of Nebraska Medical Center
187:and an adjunct faculty member at the
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273:(b) accommodation and/or negotiation
453:Tributes to Dr. Madeleine Leininger
271:(a) preservation and/or maintenance
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715:American academic administrators
680:University of Washington faculty
665:University of Cincinnati faculty
547:Murphy, Sharon C. (April 2006).
473:"Living Legends - Complete List"
690:American nursing administrators
660:University of Washington alumni
620:Cultural Diversity organization
685:Wayne State University faculty
519:Mcfarland, Marilyn R. (2015).
146:Catholic University of America
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720:Women academic administrators
615:Transcultural Nursing Society
596:Leininger, Madeleine (2002).
730:20th-century American people
650:People from Sutton, Nebraska
142:Master of Science in Nursing
725:20th-century American women
250:interpersonal relationships
206:American Academy of Nursing
98:American Nurses Association
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710:American nursing educators
675:University of Utah faculty
229:communication and language
462:Retrieved August 13, 2012
405:Walter P. Reuther Library
154:honorary doctoral degrees
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600:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
173:University of Washington
161:University of Cincinnati
150:University of Washington
559:(2 Suppl): E143–E151.
185:Wayne State University
165:University of Colorado
39:Madeleine M. Leininger
350:Transcultural Nursing
232:gender considerations
204:1998: Living Legend,
114:transcultural nursing
700:Nursing school deans
247:socioeconomic status
215:Cultural care theory
138:Creighton University
96:, former CEO of the
705:Nursing researchers
195:on 10 August 2012.
134:Benedictine College
106:Madeleine Leininger
20:Madeleine Leininger
458:2012-09-10 at the
238:ability/disability
235:sexual orientation
181:Professor Emeritus
177:University of Utah
695:Nursing theorists
625:Leininger website
479:on April 12, 2012
199:Honors and awards
140:. She received a
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66:(2012-08-10)
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80:Nationality
634:Categories
384:References
253:appearance
241:occupation
179:. She was
45:1925-07-13
565:1536-5050
124:Biography
583:16710461
483:June 28,
456:Archived
372:See also
175:and the
163:and the
84:American
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401:(PDF)
262:foods
256:dress
94:Nurse
579:PMID
561:ISSN
525:ISBN
506:2023
485:2012
440:2023
169:dean
136:and
61:Died
35:Born
569:PMC
244:age
144:at
74:U.S
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