1025:
917:
983:
936:
898:
955:
333:
483:
44:
57:
1002:
974:
2645:
407:
475:
2655:
329:. The seed cakes obtained after extraction of oil constitute very good fertilizer. The flowers are used to produce an alcoholic drink in tropical India. This drink is also known to affect animals. Several parts of the tree, including the bark, are used for their medicinal properties. It is considered holy by many tribal communities because of its usefulness.
456:
593:
Trifed, a website of the
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India reports: "Mahua oil has emollient properties and is used in skin disease, rheumatism and headache. It is also a laxative and considered useful in habitual constipation, piles and haemorrhoids and as an emetic. Native tribes also
366:
of commercial importance in India. Leaves, flowers and fruits are also lopped to feed goats and sheep. The seed oil of 'Madhuca indica' can be utilize to synthesize polymer resin. In one of the attempts, it has been used to prepare alkyd type of polyurethane resins, which are used as a good source
445:
Mahua fruit are an essential food of
Western Odisha people. The tree has a great cultural significance. There are many varieties of food prepared with its fruits and flowers. Also, Western Odisha people used to pray to this tree during festivals. The liquor produced from the flowers is largely
324:
It is cultivated in warm and humid regions for its oleaginous seeds (producing between 20 and 200 kg of seeds annually per tree, depending on maturity), flowers and wood. The fat (solid at ambient temperature) is used for the care of the skin, to manufacture soap or detergents, and as a
463:
Apart from that there is another company located in Wardha district of
Maharashtra," Sevagram Agro Industries" who are dealing in Mahua products at very large scale and exporting innovative products such as seed oil and Mahua Jam to Arab countries.
1024:
397:
seeds is reportedly used in killing fishes in aquaculture ponds in some parts of India. The cake serves to fertilise the pond, which can be drained, sun dried, refilled with water and restocked with fish fingerlings.
1090:
Pankaj Oudhia, Robert E. Paull. Butter tree
Madhuca latifolia Roxb. Sapotaceae p827-828. Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts - 2008, J. Janick and R. E. Paull -editors, CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom
916:
935:
897:
426:, a country liquor. Tribals of Surguja and Bastar in Chhattisgarh and peoples of Western Orissa, Santhals of Santhal Paraganas (Jharkhand), Koya tribals of North-East Andhra Pradesh,
982:
1562:
1056:
Suryawanshi, Yogesh
Chandrakant; Mokat, Digambar Nabhu (1 March 2021). "Morphophysiological Seed Variability in Mahua Trees from Western Ghats and Its Impact on Tribal Life".
954:
1259:
1182:
V. J. Patil, 2024. Madhuca indica (Mahua) seed oil towards synthesis of alkyd-type polyurethane anticorrosive coatings. Industrial Crops and
Products, Vol. 219, page 119059
1494:
Video of presentation by Aparna
Pallavi at TEDxCapeTownWomen, with mahua being the central example of a common indigenous food source overlooked by the dominant society.
2828:
1329:
2854:
386:
can be used, as it is very sweet. However, Tamil tradition cautions that excessive use of this flower will result in imbalance of thinking and may even lead to
586:
Fatty acid composition (acid, %) : palmitic (c16:0) : 24.5, stearic (c18:0) : 22.7, oleic (c18:1) : 37.0, linoleic (c18:2) : 14.3
420:
Mahua flowers are rich in total sugars, out of which reducing sugar are present in high amount. The flowers are also fermented to produce the alcoholic drink
1472:
2978:
1219:
Suryawanshi, Yogesh; Mokat, Digambar (2020). "Variability studies in
Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia flowers from Northern Western Ghats of India".
260:. It is a fast-growing tree that grows to approximately 20 meters in height, possesses evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage, and belongs to the family
1355:
Suryawanshi, Yogesh; Mokat, Digambar (2021). "Morphophysiological Seed
Variability in Mahua Trees from Western Ghats and Its Impact on Tribal Life".
2776:
1555:
2841:
2789:
1453:
1200:
Keenan, G.I., 1920. The microscopical identification of mohraw meal in insecticides. J. American
Pharmaceutical Assoc., Vol. IX, No. 2, pp.144-147
1170:
Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2017. Mahua (Madhuca longifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
2906:
1460:
1132:
1107:
540:
2659:
2983:
2648:
1548:
1269:
724:
moha, mohua, madhuca, kuligam, madurgam, mavagam, nattiluppai, tittinam, mahwa, mahua, mowa, moa, mowrah, mahuda (Gujarati-મહુડા)
1001:
2815:
1146:
212:
found largely in the central, southern, north Indian plains and forests, Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. It is commonly known as
508:
Kali who is seated on a red lotus in full bloom, her beautiful face radiant, watching Mahākāla, who, drunk with the delicious
2072:
560:
2846:
1445:
332:
452:
flowers are also used to manufacture jam, which is made by tribal co-operatives in the Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra.
499:
flowers (Madhuca longifolia) finds mention in several Hindu, Jain and Buddhist literature works. It also finds mention in
1531:
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource.
1486:
1423:
1209:
T.V.R.Pillay and M.N.Kutty, 2005. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. 2nd Edition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., p.623
536:
2919:
2859:
2459:
326:
1571:
56:
1491:
961:
942:
923:
904:
2924:
446:
colourless, opaque and not very strong. It is inexpensive and the production is largely done in home stills.
417:
The mahua flower is edible and is a food item for tribals. They use it to make syrup for medicinal purposes.
2179:
1727:
2768:
2715:
2763:
2677:
2605:
2062:
471:
tree are sun-dried; these sun-dried flowers are ground to flour and used to make various kinds of breads.
2550:
2216:
2114:
1697:
1031:
486:
Sun drying of Mahua (Madhuca) using Traditional Supa prepared from Bamboo in Chhattisgarh Village, India
173:
2794:
264:. It is adaptable to arid environments, being a prominent tree in tropical mixed deciduous forests in
2737:
2286:
2144:
2119:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1677:
589:
Elements : Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Nitrogen (N), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na)
2880:
1929:
1899:
1889:
1111:
2945:
2911:
2226:
1878:
1466:
1372:
1264:
1073:
571:
remains the sanctum tree of the Valluvar shrine built within the Ekambareshwarar temple complex.
51:
2885:
482:
2833:
43:
2867:
2724:
2149:
2129:
1873:
1818:
1408:
1391:
548:
2872:
190:
2973:
2620:
2610:
2595:
2221:
2042:
1858:
1828:
1808:
1764:
1642:
1403:
1364:
1291:
An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, p461, Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (Kairaj), 1907.
1065:
973:
340:
2560:
2481:
2246:
2158:
1998:
1840:
1759:
1282:
Thomas, P. (1966). Incredible India. |page 97| D. B. Taraporevala Sons
989:
815:
94:
728:
Marathi: "Mahu" and "muvda" in Pawari local tribal lang (Nandurbar, Maharashtra) / "Moha"
2898:
2893:
2625:
2591:
2464:
2423:
2191:
2094:
1919:
1863:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1776:
1717:
1604:
1579:
1477:
993:
875:
839:
779:
641:
431:
297:
293:
81:
1513:
Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 2001. World checklist and bibliography of Sapotaceae.
2967:
2600:
2381:
2356:
2301:
2057:
2026:
1853:
1848:
1749:
1692:
1376:
1077:
1058:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
871:
556:
422:
281:
209:
1504:
Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature.
1150:
2950:
2729:
2630:
2615:
2454:
2376:
2266:
2211:
2206:
2174:
2164:
2109:
2084:
2067:
1973:
1868:
1311:"Shaivam.org - Devoted to God Shiva - An abode for Hindu God Shiva on the Internet"
552:
544:
273:
1108:"Product profile, Mahuwa, Trifed, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India"
467:
In many parts of Bihar, such as villages in the district of Siwan, the flowers of
2802:
2709:
2506:
2396:
2391:
2366:
2349:
2339:
2330:
2196:
2047:
1942:
1682:
1238:
1035:
799:
532:
359:
309:
289:
2700:
1368:
1191:
Dr. J.Raamachandran, HERBS OF SIDDHA MEDICINES-The First 3D Book on Herbs, pp38
1133:"50 drunken elephants ransack village in India, drink 130 gallons of moonshine"
1069:
2476:
2471:
2428:
2411:
2401:
2371:
2361:
2311:
2201:
2089:
1978:
1798:
1744:
1707:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1621:
1597:
1147:"Non-Wood Forest Products in 15 Countries Of Tropical Asia : An Overview"
406:
313:
261:
194:
140:
17:
1540:
1510:
Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
1310:
2750:
2555:
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2276:
2251:
2139:
2124:
2104:
1963:
1894:
1884:
1781:
1771:
1702:
1687:
1652:
855:
598:
474:
363:
277:
2937:
1516:
Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
2932:
2694:
2296:
2261:
2169:
2154:
2052:
2008:
1993:
1983:
1968:
1958:
1712:
1637:
1008:
564:
500:
387:
130:
120:
107:
1392:"GCMS and Elemental Analysis Of Madhuca Longifolia Var. Latifolia Seeds"
2781:
2538:
2533:
2523:
2496:
2416:
2316:
2281:
2271:
2256:
2013:
1924:
1793:
1788:
1667:
831:
807:
305:
150:
2807:
1171:
2581:
2565:
2543:
2528:
2491:
2449:
2444:
2344:
2099:
2003:
1672:
1632:
1534:
Saldanha, C. J. & D. H. Nicolson. 1976. Flora of Hassan district.
1012:
851:
787:
636:
301:
269:
2671:
442:
is an essential drink for tribal men and women during celebrations.
2820:
2755:
2511:
2386:
2306:
2291:
2238:
1988:
1947:
1739:
1617:
1592:
1330:"As a war of words rages outside, peace reigns inside this temple"
1016:
965:
946:
927:
908:
767:
481:
473:
454:
405:
285:
265:
68:
382:" indicates when there is no cane sugar available, the flower of
2742:
2518:
2501:
2486:
1731:
758:
Synonymous names for this tree in some of the Indian states are
455:
427:
2675:
1544:
2326:
2031:
1587:
1396:
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
434:
and tribals of North Maharashtra consider the tree and the
1525:
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of Pakistan.
1519:
Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic.
559:
is believed to have born under an iluppai tree within the
1522:
McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
1260:"Forest department, LIT develop new products from mahua"
503:
which lists it among several different kinds of wine.
1528:
Pennington, T. D. 1991. The genera of the Sapotaceae.
1300:
Avalon, A. (2017). Mahanirvana Tantra.
2684:
2574:
2437:
2325:
2237:
2022:
1938:
1839:
1726:
1613:
1578:
1357:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci
505:
478:The locals also use mahua flowers to make wine.
1507:Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts. CRC Press.
531:tree is the sacred tree of various temples in
1556:
1390:Suryawanshi, Yogesh; Mokat, Digambar (2019).
8:
1328:Ramakrishnan, Deepa H. (15 November 2019).
380:aalai illaa oorukku iluppaip poo charkkarai
325:vegetable butter. It can also be used as a
2672:
1563:
1549:
1541:
1537:Saldanha, C. J. 1985–. Flora of Karnataka.
864:
594:used it as an illuminant and hair fixer."
438:drink as part of their cultural heritage.
42:
31:
1407:
1336:. Chennai: Kasturi & Sons. p. 3
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
731:Rajasthan: "dolma" in mevadi and marwari
331:
242:
218:
1461:Alternative edible oil from mahua seeds
1454:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1048:
893:
1492:"What foods did your ancestors love?"
1409:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(2).786-89
580:Average oil Content: 32.92 to 57.53%
7:
2654:
541:Iluppaipattu Neelakandeswarar Temple
367:of anticorrosion organic coatings.
1754:
1172:https://www.feedipedia.org/node/131
393:The alkaloids in the press cake of
634:(Engl.) Note: the authentic genus
25:
370:The Tamils have several uses for
2979:Flora of the Indian subcontinent
2925:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787505-1
2653:
2644:
2643:
1023:
1000:
981:
972:
953:
934:
915:
896:
701:English: honey tree, butter tree
55:
1110:. Trifed.nic.in. Archived from
883:Different views and aspects of
543:, Tirukkodimaada Senkundrur at
1221:Indian Journal of Hill Farming
1:
1430:. Chennai, India. 2014-01-22.
1268:. 2012-12-04. Archived from
1482:) as a Diesel Fuel Extender
753:Nepal : Chiuri (चिउरी)
537:Irumbai Mahaleswarar Temple
3000:
2984:Non-timber forest products
1572:Non-timber forest products
1369:10.1007/s40011-020-01223-w
1070:10.1007/s40011-020-01223-w
510:wine of the Madhuka flower
2639:
1149:. Fao.org. Archived from
819:
741:Tamil: iluppai (இலுப்பை),
597:It has also been used as
512:, is dancing before her..
354:) are fed on by the moth
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
2134:
1424:"Farm Query - Mahua oil"
1241:. India9.com. 2005-06-07
962:Narsapur, Medak district
943:Narsapur, Medak district
924:Narsapur, Medak district
905:Narsapur, Medak district
610:Other botanical names:
1450:(J. Konig) J. F. Macbr"
583:Refractive index: 1.452
378:in Tamil). The saying "
243:
219:
2586:(Iberian agroforestry)
1824:Pacific mountain onion
865:
744:Telugu: vippa (విప్ప),
561:Ekambareshwarar Temple
521:
487:
479:
460:
414:
343:
2606:Indian forest produce
2077:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1032:Melghat Tiger Reserve
922:Fruit with leaves in
822:) in Andhra Pradesh,
698:Oriya:"Mahula" "ମହୂଲ"
485:
477:
458:
409:
335:
1849:Bare-toothed russula
626:(Roxb.) J.F.Macbr.,
2460:musical instruments
1718:Woodland strawberry
495:Wine prepared from
430:tribals in western
2886:Madhuca longifolia
2716:Madhuca longifolia
2686:Madhuca longifolia
1478:Use of Mahua Oil (
1469:, OilsByNature.com
1448:Madhuca longifolia
1265:The Times of India
1135:. 7 November 2012.
683:Vernacular names:
665:(Roxb.) A.Chev. (=
630:(Roxb.) F.Muell.,
555:saint-philosopher
518:Mahānirvaņa Tantra
488:
480:
461:
415:
344:
205:Madhuca longifolia
183:Madhuca longifolia
165:M. longifolia
36:Madhuca longifolia
2961:
2960:
2868:Open Tree of Life
2678:Taxon identifiers
2669:
2668:
652:are illegitimate.
632:Illipe malabrorum
612:Bassia longifolia
549:Thiruvanathapuram
501:Ayurveda Samhitas
358:, which produces
268:in the states of
201:
200:
16:(Redirected from
2991:
2954:
2953:
2941:
2940:
2928:
2927:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2888:
2876:
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2863:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2837:
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2824:
2823:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2797:
2785:
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2772:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2673:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2621:Resin extraction
2611:Mushroom hunting
2587:
2333: / etc.
2187:
2080:
1915:Saffron milk cap
1905:Parasol mushroom
1745:Fiddlehead ferns
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1457:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1387:
1381:
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1307:
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1207:
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1189:
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1129:
1123:
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1120:
1119:
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1091:
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1082:
1081:
1053:
1027:
1004:
985:
976:
957:
938:
919:
900:
868:
821:
770:-speaking belt,
628:Illipe latifolia
519:
356:Antheraea paphia
341:Hyderabad, India
246:
222:
185:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2949:
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2923:
2918:
2910:
2905:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
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2832:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2775:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2680:
2670:
2665:
2635:
2585:
2570:
2561:Vegetable ivory
2433:
2321:
2233:
2181:
2074:
2036:
2018:
1952:
1934:
1900:Oyster mushroom
1890:Meadow mushroom
1835:
1819:Twincrest onion
1722:
1626:
1609:
1580:Animal products
1574:
1569:
1501:
1487:WWF India Mahua
1444:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1315:www.shaivam.org
1309:
1308:
1304:
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1242:
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1218:
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1213:
1208:
1204:
1199:
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1190:
1186:
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1177:
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1117:
1115:
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1094:
1089:
1085:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1005:
996:
990:Umaria district
986:
977:
968:
958:
949:
939:
930:
920:
911:
901:
892:
607:
577:
526:
520:
517:
493:
404:
322:
197:
187:
181:
168:
54:
28:
27:Species of tree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:wfo-0000232785
2942:
2929:
2916:
2903:
2890:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2773:
2760:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2706:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2651:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:Rubber tapping
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:Forest farming
2589:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
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2526:
2521:
2516:
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2514:
2504:
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2469:
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2434:
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2228:Vateria indica
2224:
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2184:Shorea robusta
2177:
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1480:Madhuca indica
1475:
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1440:
1439:External links
1437:
1434:
1433:
1415:
1402:(2): 786–789.
1382:
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1320:
1302:
1293:
1284:
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1272:on 2014-02-13.
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1064:(1): 227–239.
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1007:Mahua Tree in
1006:
999:
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994:Madhya Pradesh
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838:or இலுப்பை in
830:in Karnataka (
756:
755:
754:
751:
745:
742:
739:
734:Sri Lanka: මී
732:
729:
726:
720:
710:arbre à beurre
702:
699:
696:
690:
681:
680:
679:
670:
653:
642:Chenopodiaceae
620:Madhuca indica
606:
603:
591:
590:
587:
584:
581:
576:
573:
525:
522:
515:
492:
489:
432:Madhya Pradesh
403:
400:
348:Madhuca indica
346:The leaves of
321:
318:
298:Madhya Pradesh
294:Andhra Pradesh
199:
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188:
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18:Madhuca indica
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1930:Yellow knight
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1750:Heart of palm
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1693:Juniper berry
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1467:Mowrah Butter
1465:
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1227:(2): 261–266.
1226:
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1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1153:on 2014-04-18
1152:
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1134:
1128:
1125:
1114:on 2009-06-19
1113:
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1103:
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1030:Flowers from
1026:
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885:M. longifolia
882:
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772:mahwa, mahula
769:
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678:
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673:M. longifolia
671:
668:
664:
660:
659:M. longifolia
657:
656:
654:
651:
647:
646:B. longifolia
643:
639:
638:
633:
629:
625:
622:J. F. Gmel.,
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:
604:
602:
600:
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579:
578:
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566:
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557:Thiruvalluvar
554:
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546:
542:
538:
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457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
418:
412:
408:
402:Mahua Flowers
401:
399:
396:
391:
389:
385:
384:M. longifolia
381:
377:
373:
372:M. longifolia
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:M. longifolia
349:
342:
338:
337:M. longifolia
334:
330:
328:
319:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Uttar Pradesh
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
245:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
215:
211:
210:tropical tree
208:is an Indian
207:
206:
196:
192:
186:
184:
178:
175:
174:Binomial name
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
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119:
116:
113:
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109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
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87:
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83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2685:
2658:
2631:Wildcrafting
2616:Naval stores
2594: /
2582:
2551:Tendu leaves
2507:Natural dyes
2377:Gutta-percha
2329: /
2267:Frankincense
2227:
2183:
2140:Mango butter
2085:Cocoa butter
2076:
2073:Chaulmoogra
2043:Allanblackia
1974:Black pepper
1859:Birch bolete
1809:Canada onion
1794:Wild ginseng
1789:Saw palmetto
1730: /
1620: /
1499:Bibliography
1479:
1473:Famine Foods
1447:
1427:
1418:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1333:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1270:the original
1263:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1233:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1166:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1141:
1127:
1116:. Retrieved
1112:the original
1086:
1061:
1057:
1051:
888:
884:
863:
860:mahula, moha
859:
847:
843:
835:
827:
823:
811:
803:
795:
791:
783:
775:
771:
763:
759:
748:
735:
723:
717:
713:
709:
705:
693:
687:
676:
672:
667:B. latifolia
666:
662:
658:
650:B. latifolia
649:
645:
644:. The names
635:
631:
627:
624:M. latifolia
623:
619:
616:B. latifolia
615:
611:
596:
592:
568:
567:, and hence
545:Tiruchengode
535:, including
528:
527:
509:
507:
506:
496:
494:
468:
466:
462:
449:
448:
444:
439:
435:
421:
419:
416:
410:
394:
392:
383:
379:
375:
371:
369:
362:, a form of
355:
351:
347:
345:
336:
323:
274:Chhattisgarh
257:
253:
249:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
213:
204:
203:
202:
182:
180:
164:
163:
151:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
2803:iNaturalist
2710:Wikispecies
2566:Willow bark
2397:Maple syrup
2392:Maple sugar
2367:Fruit syrup
2350:chewing gum
2340:Birch syrup
2197:Shea butter
1869:Chanterelle
1814:Crow garlic
1804:Bear garlic
1799:Wild onions
1777:filé powder
1698:Lingonberry
1683:Huckleberry
1463:, The Hindu
1363:: 227–239.
1036:Maharashtra
800:Maharashtra
655:Varieties:
605:Other names
533:South India
524:Sacred tree
360:tassar silk
310:West Bengal
290:Maharashtra
258:Ippa-chettu
230:Butter Tree
95:Angiosperms
2968:Categories
2899:kew-117250
2894:Plant List
2477:Birch beer
2472:Birch bark
2429:Spruce gum
2412:akpeteshie
2402:Palm sugar
2372:Gum arabic
2362:Date sugar
2312:Turpentine
2192:Sandalwood
2095:Eucalyptus
2090:Eucalyptol
1979:Brazil nut
1854:Bay bolete
1708:Strawberry
1663:Cocoa bean
1658:Breadfruit
1648:Blackberry
1622:tree fruit
1245:2013-11-21
1157:2013-11-21
1118:2013-11-21
1043:References
988:Leaves in
812:ippa puvvu
738:in Sinhala
677:longifolia
640:is in the
491:Literature
314:Tamil Nadu
262:Sapotaceae
195:J.F.Macbr.
141:Sapotaceae
2769:242423152
2596:gardening
2556:Thatching
2407:Palm wine
2252:Birch tar
2180:Sal-seed
2105:Japan wax
2058:Candlenut
1999:Malva nut
1964:Areca nut
1885:Matsutake
1841:Mushrooms
1782:root beer
1772:Sassafras
1760:Sago palm
1703:Raspberry
1688:Jackfruit
1653:Blueberry
1605:Wild game
1428:The Hindu
1377:231876956
1340:5 January
1334:The Hindu
1239:"Mahuwah"
1078:231876956
941:Trunk in
903:Fruit in
889:latifolia
856:Malayalam
747:Myanmar:
663:latifolia
599:biodiesel
575:Mahua Oil
364:wild silk
278:Jharkhand
159:Species:
65:Kingdom:
2938:50302468
2933:Tropicos
2834:10238541
2821:787505-1
2701:Q2720146
2695:Wikidata
2649:Category
2465:textiles
2297:Pine tar
2262:Creosote
2212:Tea-tree
2207:Tea-seed
2175:Pongamia
2165:Phulwara
2150:Nagkesar
2145:Murumuru
2120:Kpangnan
2068:Carnauba
2009:Pine nut
1994:Hazelnut
1984:Cinnamon
1969:Bay leaf
1959:Allspice
1881:(reishi)
1713:Tamarind
1678:Gambooge
1638:Bilberry
1009:Thrissur
960:Tree in
749:ကမ်းဇော်
704:French:
692:Bengali:
686:Santali:
565:Mylapore
516:—
327:fuel oil
137:Family:
131:Ericales
121:Asterids
108:Eudicots
2974:Madhuca
2873:1074317
2782:2883346
2743:1155126
2660:Commons
2575:Related
2539:Tanbark
2534:Shellac
2524:Quinine
2497:Gambier
2417:ogogoro
2317:Varnish
2282:Lacquer
2272:Gamboge
2257:Camphor
2247:Benzoin
2157: (
2063:Capuacu
2048:Babassu
2014:Vanilla
1925:Truffle
1910:Red cap
1879:Lingzhi
1668:Coconut
1643:Binukaw
1618:Berries
836:illupei
832:Kannada
808:Gujarat
722:India:
718:madhuca
669:(Roxb))
618:Roxb.,
569:madhūka
529:Madhūka
497:Madhūka
413:flowers
376:iluppai
306:Gujarat
250:Iluppai
214:madhūka
191:J.Konig
152:Madhuca
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
2907:PLANTS
2860:317856
2847:505956
2808:427116
2583:Dehesa
2544:tannin
2529:Rattan
2492:Forage
2455:edible
2450:Bamboo
2445:Amadou
2424:Rubber
2345:Chicle
2287:Mastic
2239:Resins
2222:Ucuuba
2217:Tucuma
2202:Tamanu
2159:kernel
2130:Mafura
2100:Illipe
2053:Bacuri
2004:Nutmeg
1948:spices
1673:Durian
1633:Banana
1375:
1076:
1013:Kerala
872:Orissa
858:) and
852:Kerala
844:poonam
816:Telugu
804:mahuda
796:mohwro
788:Bengal
776:Mahula
714:bassie
706:illipe
688:matkom
637:Bassia
551:. The
547:, and
388:lunacy
302:Kerala
270:Odisha
244:mohulo
226:mahuwa
220:madkam
2912:MALO5
2829:IRMNG
2795:23083
2756:MDHLO
2730:6R3NV
2512:henna
2487:Ferns
2438:Other
2387:Latex
2307:Rosin
2302:Pitch
2292:Myrrh
2277:Kauri
2135:Mahua
2125:Kusum
2115:Kombo
2110:Kokum
2032:waxes
1989:Clove
1895:Morel
1829:Ramps
1765:queen
1740:Betel
1732:roots
1593:Honey
1373:S2CID
1074:S2CID
1017:India
966:India
947:India
928:India
909:India
887:var.
876:Oriya
866:modgi
848:ilupa
840:Tamil
828:hippe
792:mahwa
780:Oriya
768:Hindi
764:mohwa
760:mahua
694:mohua
675:var.
661:var.
553:Tamil
469:mahua
459:Mahua
450:Mahua
440:Mahua
436:mahua
423:mahua
411:Mahua
395:mahua
286:Bihar
266:India
238:mahwa
234:mahua
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
2920:POWO
2881:PfaF
2855:NCBI
2842:ITIS
2816:IPNI
2790:GRIN
2777:GBIF
2751:EPPO
2519:Peat
2502:Moss
2482:Cork
2382:Kino
2170:Pilu
2155:Palm
1943:Nuts
1598:pine
1588:Furs
1342:2020
862:and
846:and
824:ippe
820:ఇప్ప
794:and
784:maul
782:and
762:and
648:and
614:L.,
428:Bhil
320:Uses
312:and
2946:WFO
2764:FNA
2738:EoL
2725:CoL
2331:gum
2327:Sap
2027:Oil
1864:Cep
1404:doi
1365:doi
1066:doi
870:in
850:in
834:),
826:or
806:in
798:in
786:in
778:in
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563:at
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