621:
22:
159:
Besides the
Philippines, the Sabah region has also been claimed by the purported heirs of the last Sultan of Sulu. In 2019, the self-proclaimed heirs of the Sulu empire filed an arbitration appeal in Spain based on the 1878 agreement. Malaysia refused to be part of the arbitration process insisting
167:
the sole commercial arbitrator on the matter, a move which
Malaysia challenged in the Civil and Criminal Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Madrid. The appointment was annulled, however, Stampa moved the case to the High Court of Paris. On 28 February 2022, Stampa ruled in favor of the
76:
territories of the continent of Borneo, which belong, or which have belonged in the past to the Sultan of Sulu (Jolo), and which comprise the neighbouring islands of
Balambangan, Banguey, and Malawali, as well as all those comprised within
142:
in 1878, with the sovereignty of the
Sultanate (and subsequently the Republic) over the territory having never been relinquished. However, Malaysia considers this dispute as a "non-issue" as it interprets the 1878 agreement as that of
384:
90:
Another important point regarding the agreement relates to
Article IV, which guarantees no restriction on trade to the parties of the protocol within the Sulu Archipelago and North Borneo.
1016:
594:
484:
Leigh R. Wright. The Anglo-Spanish-German Treaty of 1885: A Step in the
Development of British Hegemony in North Borneo. Australian Journal of Politics & History 18 (1), 62–75
521:
358:
1046:
1021:
409:
607:
449:
772:
494:
221:
80:
a zone of three maritime leagues from the coast, and which form part of the territories administered by the
Company styled the "British North Borneo Company".
168:
alleged descendants of the sultan and ordered
Malaysia to pay US$ 14.92 billion in settlement to the litigants. The award was eventually struck down by the
385:"UPDATE - Paris Court of Appeal granted Malaysia a stay of the enforcement of multi-billion award in France while its enforcement is pursued in Luxembourg"
50:
572:
620:
1041:
514:
181:
555:
316:
577:
478:
Leigh R. Wright. Historical Notes on the North Borneo
Dispute. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 25, No. 3 (May 1966), pp. 471–484.
1011:
272:
550:
858:
507:
560:
829:
708:
975:
836:
906:
730:
654:
169:
735:
602:
1031:
947:
881:
762:
703:
139:
30:
424:
228:
1026:
868:
777:
1006:
841:
750:
745:
649:
587:
73:
The
Spanish Government renounces, as far as regards the British Government, all claims of sovereignty over the
332:
65:
as well as the limit of Spanish influence in the region. Under the agreement, Spain relinquished all claim to
481:
Leigh R. Wright. The Origins of British Borneo. Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1 (1976), pp. 149–154
873:
824:
1036:
927:
901:
863:
740:
698:
691:
135:
797:
669:
99:
939:
919:
725:
530:
103:
58:
38:
960:
955:
851:
846:
787:
718:
713:
582:
148:
123:
308:
245:
644:
403:
312:
131:
932:
757:
681:
639:
629:
62:
34:
565:
277:
127:
817:
802:
450:"Hague Court Dismisses Sulu Heirs US$ 15 Billon Claim, A Landmark Victory For Malaysia"
301:
164:
1000:
812:
686:
534:
54:
911:
659:
119:
26:
111:
21:
767:
160:
that the proper venue to resolve the dispute was within its own legal system.
134:, retains a "dormant claim" on Sabah on the basis that the territory was only
499:
359:"The heirs of a sultanate are using international law to make Malaysia pay"
147:
and that it deems that the residents of Sabah had exercised their right to
273:"Sabah Standoff: Diplomatic Drama After Filipino Militants Storm Malaysia"
202:
107:
664:
144:
891:
807:
66:
967:
115:
37:
and the rest of the Philippines islands were under the control of
503:
151:
when they joined to form the Malaysian federation in 1963.
425:"Sultan of Sulu: the story of Spain´s largest arbitration"
16:
1885 colonial treaty between the UK, Germany and Spain
890:
786:
628:
541:
300:
210:. The Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
71:
61:to recognize the sovereignty of Spain over the
114:over much of the eastern part of the state of
773:Sabah State Water Department corruption probe
515:
8:
126:. The Philippines, presenting itself as the
408:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1017:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
522:
508:
500:
246:"East and Southeast Asia: the Philippines"
736:Cross border attacks from the Philippines
20:
1047:Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
193:
1022:Treaties involving territorial changes
401:
271:Campbell, Charlie (26 February 2013).
182:Territories claimed by the Philippines
307:. Harvard University Press. pp.
124:formation of the Malaysian federation
7:
495:British North Borneo, 1885 Sabah Law
85:Article III, Madrid Protocol of 1885
608:2021 federal constitution amendment
595:2019 federal constitution amendment
25:The Madrid Protocol in 1885 making
859:1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis
603:2020 Malaysia coronavirus pandemic
423:Vidal, Desiré (16 February 2022).
14:
882:2020 Sarawak coronavirus pandemic
830:Anti-cession movement of Sarawak
619:
578:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
163:The Madrid High Court appointed
837:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
778:2020 Sabah coronavirus pandemic
709:Self-government of North Borneo
573:British Military Administration
357:Byrnes, Sholto (20 July 2022).
222:"BRITISH NORTH BORNEO TREATIES"
907:North Borneo Chartered Company
655:North Borneo Chartered Company
551:Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)
303:The United States and Malaysia
1:
1042:Treaties of the German Empire
252:. Central Intelligence Agency
204:The Philippine Claim to Sabah
49:was an agreement between the
989:Covers the three territories
948:Crown Colony of North Borneo
763:1991 Sabah political arrests
704:Crown Colony of North Borneo
561:Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)
140:British North Borneo Company
31:British North Borneo Company
383:Alerion_03 (26 July 2022).
333:"Explaining the Sulu claim"
1063:
1012:1885 in the United Kingdom
869:1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak
842:Self-government of Sarawak
987:
617:
611:(passed) ★ second tabling
598:(on hold) ★ first tabling
201:Tregonning, H.G. (1970).
751:2013 Lahad Datu standoff
746:2000 Sipadan kidnappings
588:Proclamation of Malaysia
874:Sarawak rabies outbreak
825:Crown Colony of Sarawak
299:James W. Gould (1969).
118:, a territory known as
47:Madrid Protocol of 1885
928:Battle of North Borneo
902:Crown Colony of Labuan
864:1987 Ming Court Affair
741:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
699:Battle of North Borneo
692:Sandakan Death Marches
88:
42:
389:Alerion Avocats Paris
170:Hague Court of Appeal
29:under the control of
24:
798:Sultanate of Sarawak
100:North Borneo dispute
94:North Borneo dispute
1032:Borders of Malaysia
940:Colony of Singapore
920:Straits Settlements
726:Keningau Oath Stone
556:Japanese occupation
234:on 29 October 2013.
104:territorial dispute
39:Spanish East Indies
961:20-point agreement
956:Cobbold Commission
852:18-point agreement
847:Cobbold Commission
719:20-point agreement
714:Cobbold Commission
583:Malaysia Agreement
172:on June 27, 2023.
149:self-determination
43:
1027:Boundary treaties
994:
993:
976:Federal territory
645:Sultanate of Sulu
318:978-0-674-92615-8
132:Sultanate of Sulu
1054:
1007:History of Sabah
980:
972:
952:
944:
933:Battle of Labuan
924:
916:
878:
758:1986 Sabah riots
731:Double Six Crash
682:Jesselton revolt
640:Brunei Civil War
623:
612:
599:
524:
517:
510:
501:
466:
465:
463:
461:
446:
440:
439:
437:
435:
420:
414:
413:
407:
399:
397:
395:
380:
374:
373:
371:
369:
354:
348:
347:
345:
343:
329:
323:
322:
306:
296:
290:
289:
287:
285:
268:
262:
261:
259:
257:
242:
236:
235:
233:
227:. Archived from
226:
218:
212:
211:
209:
198:
86:
63:Sulu Archipelago
35:Sulu Archipelago
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:
997:
996:
995:
990:
983:
978:
970:
950:
942:
922:
914:
893:
886:
876:
789:
782:
677:Madrid Protocol
650:Austrian colony
631:
624:
615:
610:
597:
566:Borneo campaign
543:
537:
528:
491:
475:
473:Further reading
470:
469:
459:
457:
448:
447:
443:
433:
431:
429:Legal Dealmaker
422:
421:
417:
400:
393:
391:
382:
381:
377:
367:
365:
356:
355:
351:
341:
339:
331:
330:
326:
319:
298:
297:
293:
283:
281:
270:
269:
265:
255:
253:
244:
243:
239:
231:
224:
220:
219:
215:
207:
200:
199:
195:
190:
178:
157:
128:successor state
96:
87:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
999:
998:
992:
991:
988:
985:
984:
982:
981:
973:
965:
964:
963:
953:
945:
937:
936:
935:
925:
917:
909:
904:
898:
896:
888:
887:
885:
884:
879:
877:(2017–present)
871:
866:
861:
856:
855:
854:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
822:
821:
820:
818:Syarif Masahor
815:
810:
803:Raj of Sarawak
800:
794:
792:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
754:
753:
748:
743:
733:
728:
723:
722:
721:
711:
706:
701:
696:
695:
694:
684:
679:
674:
673:
672:
667:
657:
652:
647:
642:
636:
634:
626:
625:
618:
616:
614:
613:
605:
600:
592:
591:
590:
580:
575:
570:
569:
568:
563:
553:
547:
545:
539:
538:
529:
527:
526:
519:
512:
504:
498:
497:
490:
489:External links
487:
486:
485:
482:
479:
474:
471:
468:
467:
456:. 27 June 2023
454:Business Today
441:
415:
375:
349:
324:
317:
291:
263:
237:
213:
192:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
177:
174:
165:Gonzalo Stampa
156:
153:
95:
92:
82:
51:United Kingdom
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:1885 treaties
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
986:
977:
974:
969:
966:
962:
959:
958:
957:
954:
949:
946:
941:
938:
934:
931:
930:
929:
926:
921:
918:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
897:
895:
889:
883:
880:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
819:
816:
814:
813:Liu Shan Bang
811:
809:
806:
805:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
791:
785:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:Sandakan camp
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
635:
633:
627:
622:
609:
606:
604:
601:
596:
593:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
546:
540:
536:
535:East Malaysia
532:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
505:
502:
496:
493:
492:
488:
483:
480:
477:
476:
472:
455:
451:
445:
442:
430:
426:
419:
416:
411:
405:
390:
386:
379:
376:
364:
360:
353:
350:
338:
334:
328:
325:
320:
314:
310:
305:
304:
295:
292:
280:
279:
274:
267:
264:
251:
247:
241:
238:
230:
223:
217:
214:
206:
205:
197:
194:
187:
183:
180:
179:
175:
173:
171:
166:
161:
154:
152:
150:
146:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:prior to the
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
93:
91:
81:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
912:North Borneo
676:
660:North Borneo
458:. Retrieved
453:
444:
432:. Retrieved
428:
418:
392:. Retrieved
388:
378:
366:. Retrieved
363:The National
362:
352:
340:. Retrieved
336:
327:
302:
294:
282:. Retrieved
276:
266:
254:. Retrieved
250:CIA Factbook
249:
240:
229:the original
216:
203:
196:
162:
158:
120:North Borneo
97:
89:
79:
75:
72:
46:
44:
27:North Borneo
18:
915:(1890–1904)
460:21 February
434:21 February
394:21 February
368:21 February
342:21 February
112:Philippines
1001:Categories
892:History of
788:History of
768:Project IC
670:Mat Salleh
630:History of
188:References
155:Sulu heirs
33:while the
971:(1963–84)
951:(1946–63)
923:(1907–46)
404:cite web
337:The Star
284:16 March
176:See also
110:and the
108:Malaysia
106:between
83:—
979:(1984–)
790:Sarawak
665:Antanum
544:history
531:History
256:7 March
145:cession
138:to the
130:of the
102:is the
55:Germany
943:(1946)
894:Labuan
808:Rentap
542:Common
315:
136:leased
67:Borneo
57:, and
968:Sabah
632:Sabah
232:(PDF)
225:(PDF)
208:(PDF)
116:Sabah
59:Spain
462:2024
436:2024
410:link
396:2024
370:2024
344:2024
313:ISBN
286:2013
278:TIME
258:2013
98:The
45:The
533:of
311:–.
309:106
1003::
452:.
427:.
406:}}
402:{{
387:.
361:.
335:.
275:.
248:.
69:.
53:,
523:e
516:t
509:v
464:.
438:.
412:)
398:.
372:.
346:.
321:.
288:.
260:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
