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449:) is grown is the major concern of islanders. The erosion problems are identified as being linked to aggregate mining, land reclamation and the construction of causeways that is thought to change the currents along the shoreline. The causeways have also resulted to reduced flushing of the lagoon that has resulted in low levels of oxygen, therefore causing damage to fish stocks in the lagoon and causes other biological problems. Aggregate mining and the removal of coral boulders is exacerbating coastal erosion.
359:. The atoll is roughly four-sided. The south and southeast portion of the atoll comprises a nearly continuous islet. The atoll reef is continuous but almost without islets along the north side. Bikati and Bikatieta islets occupy a corner of the reef at the extreme northwest tip of the atoll. Small islets are found on reef sections between channels on the west side. The lagoon of Butaritari is deep and can accommodate large ships, though the entrance passages are relatively narrow. It is the most fertile of the
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778:. The presence of the Europeans, and the alcohol they traded to the islanders, resulted in periodic alcoholic binges that only ended with Nakaeia making tapu (forbidding) the sale of alcohol. During the 15 or so days that Stevenson spent on Butaritari the islanders were engaged in a drunken spree that threatened the safety of Stevenson and his family. Stevenson adopted the strategy of describing himself as the son of
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channels. The atoll reef is continuous but almost without islets along the north side. In the northeast corner, the reef is some 1.75 km (1.09 mi) across and with only scattered small islet development. Thus, the lagoon of
Butaritari is very open to exchange with the ocean. The lagoon is deep and can accommodate large ships, though the entrance passages are relatively narrow.
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415:, and present-day Makin was then known as Makin Meang (Northern Makin) or Little Makin to distinguish it. Now that Butaritari has become the preferred name for the larger atoll, speakers tend to drop the qualifier for Makin. Butaritari has also previously been known as Pitt Island, Taritari Island, or Touching Island.
771:, his father being Tebureimoa and his grandfather being Tetimararoa. Nakaeia was described by Stevenson as “a fellow of huge physical strength, masterful, violent … Alone in his islands it was he who dealt and profited; he was the planter and the merchant” with his subjects toiling in servitude and fear.
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American air operations began on
November 13, 1943, followed by bombardment from fire support ships. Troops began to go ashore on November 20, and the attacking troops knocked out the fortified strongpoints one by one. Despite their great superiority in men and weapons, the Americans had considerable
418:
The atoll is roughly four-sided and nearly 30 km (19 mi) across in the east–west direction, and averages about 15 km (9 mi) north to south. The reef is more submerged and broken into several broad channels along the west side. Small islets are found on reef sections between these
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shore, near the seaplane base in the central part of the island. A series of strongpoints was established along
Butaritari's ocean side as the Japanese expected the invasion to come from there, following the example of a raid in 1942. Without aircraft, ships, or hope of reinforcement or relief, the
422:
The south and southeast portion of the atoll comprises a nearly continuous islet, broken only by a single, broad section of interislet reef. These islets are mostly between 0.2 km (0.1 mi) and 0.5 km (0.3 mi) across, but widen in the areas where the reef changes directions.
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There are different stories told as to the creation of
Butaritari and the other islands in the Southern Gilberts. An important legend in the culture of Butaritari is that spirits who lived in a tree in Samoa migrated northward carrying branches from the tree,
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labor units who had little or no combat training and were not assigned weapons or a battle station. The number of trained combat troops on Makin was no more than 300 soldiers. The garrison included three tanks and three 37 mm (1.5 inch) anti-tank guns.
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on
November 24 by a Japanese submarine are included, the loss balance tips toward the other side. Counting the 687 sailors who went down with the carrier, American casualties exceeded the strength of the entire Japanese garrison on Makin.
1065:, cadet administrative officer in the Gilberts from 1914 and resident commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1926, recorded the myths and oral traditions of the Kiribati people. He wrote the best-sellers
426:
Bikati and
Bikatieta islets occupy a corner of the reef at the extreme northwest tip of the atoll, bordering a small lagoon to the north of the main lagoon. There is a village on the larger Bikati (2 by 0.5 km).
1350:
La
Austrialia del Espiritu Santo. The Journal of Fray MartĂn de Munilla O.F.M. and other documents relating to the Voyage of Pedro Fernández de QuirĂłs to the South Sea (1605-1606) and the Franciscan Missionary Plan
942:
As compared to an estimated 395 Japanese and
Koreans killed in action, American combat casualties numbered 66 killed and 152 wounded. But when the American losses incurred during the sinking of the
1919:
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Mangrove swamps appear well developed in these latter areas as well as all along the southern lagoon shore. (Narrow islets are somewhat characteristic of
Kiribati atolls running east–west.)
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is the name of a separate but closest atoll, 3 kilometres (1.6 nmi; 1.9 mi) to the northeast of
Butaritari, but close enough to be seen. These two atolls share a dialect of the
837:, 300 Japanese troops, plus laborers of the "Gilberts Invasion Special Landing Force" arrived off Butaritari — then known as "Makin" — and occupied without resistance. Lying east of the
363:, with relatively good soils (for an atoll) and high rainfall. Butaritari atoll has a land area of 13.49 km (5.21 sq mi) and a population of 3,224 as of 2015. During
688:
The people of Kuma village had the power to call dolphins or whales, and used this ability on special occasions to provide meat for important feasts such as the opening of a new
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who lived on Butaritari Island. This chief had all the powers and authority to make and impose decisions for Butaritari and Makin, a system very different from the southern
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There are three guesthouses on Butaritari, providing a basic level of accommodation aimed mainly at government staff and visitors, though tourists are welcomed.
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Nakaeia allowed two San Francisco trading firms to operate, Messrs. Crawford and Messrs. Wightman Brothers, with up to 12 Europeans resident on islands of the
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This article is about the atoll known to U.S. military forces during World War II as "Makin Atoll" and "Makin Island". For the atoll now known as "Makin", see
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605:. However, most households keep to a subsistence lifestyle and, although food is plentiful, money is often scarce as there are few paid jobs on the island.
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650:, which translates as the tree of life. It was these spirits, together with Nareau the Wise who created the islands of Tungaru (the Gilbert Islands).
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Butaritari has rich marine resources, with a large lagoon and wide reef. Butaritari has the greatest potential for agriculture in Kiribati: bananas,
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Butaritari is one of the lushest of the islands of Kiribati due to good rainfall. Typical annual rainfall is about 4 m, compared with about 2 m on
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902:. While they annihilated the local garrison, they failed in their initial objectives of taking prisoners and gathering intelligence.
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was established in 1922. Through the 1920s On Chong experienced gradual decline in its operations as the result of low
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Butaritari Atoll and part of Makin (upper right). Most of Makin is missing from this map and only a portion is visible.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20081227093332/http://www.pacificislandtravel.com/kiribati/about_destin/butaritari.html
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difficulty subduing the island's small defensive force. On November 23 the force commander reported "Makin taken."
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1217:. National Statistics Office, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Government of Kiribati. Archived from
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connections via the goldfields). These traders helped Butaritari became the commercial and trading capital of the
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was Nauraura Nakoriri who was in power both before and after the Gilberts became a British Protectorate in 1892.
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visited Butaritari from 14 July 1889 to early August. At this time Nakaeia was the ruler of Butaritari and
722:-based Handels-und Plantagen-Gesellschaft der SĂĽdsee-Inseln zu Hamburg (DHPG) with Pacific headquarters in
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The first traders resident in the Gilberts were Randell and Durant who arrived in 1846. Durant moved on to
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On the eve of invasion, the Japanese garrison consisted of 806 men. Most were of aviation or Japanese and
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outnumbered and outgunned defenders could only try to delay the American attack for as long as possible.
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and other vegetables have been created with assistance from the Taiwan Technical Mission based in
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The population of Butaritari in the 2010 Census was 4,346 people, inhabiting twelve villages:
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so as to ensure that he would be treated as a person who should not be threatened or harmed.
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operated for a short period in 1995. The aim was to facilitate the development of a strong
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Office of Te Beretitent - Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series (for KAP II (Phase 2)
898:, as a feint to draw Japanese attention away from the planned invasion route through the
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Exhibit: The Alfred Agate Collection: The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842
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and 1 m in the far south of Kiribati. Rainfall on Butaritari is enhanced during an
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and protecting the eastern flank of the Japanese perimeter from an Allied attack.
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Butaritari is served by a twice weekly air service connecting with neighbouring
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Tungaru traditions: writings on the atoll culture of the Gilbert Islands
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Tungaru Traditions: writings on the atoll culture of the Gilbert Islands
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prices. Eventually On Chong was taken over by W. R. Carpenter & Co.
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1328:"Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification"
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Office of Te Beretitent - Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series
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grow well, and successful cultivars of pumpkin, cabbage, cucumber,
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407:; 3 kilometres (1.6 nmi; 1.9 mi) to the northeast is
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Traditionally, Butaritari and Makin were ruled by a chief or
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to Butaritari and Little Makin was renounced in the 1970s.
1541:. Kiribati Tourism, Government of Kiribati. Archived from
1005:
in 2008, the only international air connection is through
1182:"Island/atoll climate change profiles - Butaritari Atoll"
1075:(1957), which was republished by Eland, London in 2011,
1305:. Penguin Travel Library. University of Hawaii Press.
1388:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
714:, while Randell remained on Butaritari. The earliest
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Butaritari's land defenses were centered around the
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Atoll in the Pacific Ocean island nation of Kiribati
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Pacific islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act
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1180:Dr Temakei Tebano & others (September 2008).
797:Butaritari Post Office opened on 1 January 1911.
1581:http://www.janeresture.com/butaritari/index.htm
985:. An international air service with a route of
845:base, extending Japanese air patrols closer to
824:A war monument in Ukiangang village, Butaritari
806:W. R. Carpenter & Co. (Solomon Islands) Ltd
666:(good trip in Spanish) Islands (Butaritari and
403:Butaritari is the second most northerly of the
804:established operations in Butaritari Village.
1614:
1482:http://www.carpenters.com.pg/wrc/aboutus.html
8:
1384:The Great United States Exploring Expedition
681:where power was wielded collectively by the
435:Seepage of saltwater into the pits in which
411:. Butaritari was called Makin Atoll by the
399:The causeway connecting Tanimaiaki and Keuea
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877:in August 1942, when two companies of the
833:On 10 December 1941, three days after the
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1277:. Penguin Travel Library. Penguin Books.
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750:, following the seat of political power.
1246:. Government of Kiribati. Archived from
695:The islands were visited as part of the
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1476:WR Carpenter (PNG) Group of Companies:
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1009:, which is connected by a twice weekly
746:, a powerful trading company, moved to
1212:"Kiribati Census Report 2010 Volume 1"
1413:Osborne, Ernest (20 September 1933).
1332:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
873:Butaritari atoll was the site of the
7:
274:13.49 km (5.21 sq mi)
1539:"Outer Islands Accommodation Guide"
997:economy on the island and link the
1519:http://www.mbfh.com.my/aboutus.htm
1001:with Kiribati. With the demise of
697:United States Exploring Expedition
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25:
1415:"Stevenson's Bouse on Butaritari"
1364:"Visitor information, Butaritari"
841:, Makin would make an excellent
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1071:(London, John Murray 1952, and
1039:for ships named for the island
658:The Spanish expedition led by
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1572:Stevenson, Robert L. (1896),
1419:IV(2) Pacific Islands Monthly
800:The Japanese trading company
977:was originally built as the
802:Nanyo Boeki Kabushiki Kaisha
622:Portrait of a native of the
1043:List of Guano Island claims
879:2nd Marine Raider Battalion
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1353:Cambridge, 1966, p.39, 62.
1244:"Butaritari Island Report"
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758:Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson
660:Pedro Fernandes de QueirĂłs
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375:, and was the site of the
369:United States Armed Forces
367:, Butaritari was known by
36:
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1879:
1569:from the Navy Art Gallery
1458:. Premier Postal Auctions
1380:Stanton, William (1975).
1369:. Government of Kiribati.
291:
190:Show map of Pacific Ocean
73:
64:
52:
1454:Premier Postal History.
975:Butaritari Atoll Airport
1528:, accessed 12 Dec 2011.
1491:, accessed 12 Dec 2011.
718:on Butaritari were the
327:322/km (834/sq mi)
1348:Kelly, Celsus, O.F.M.
1139:. 2012. Archived from
835:attack on Pearl Harbor
825:
754:Robert Louis Stevenson
699:in 1841. Any possible
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279:Highest elevation
130:Show map of Micronesia
1630:Geography of Kiribati
1513:MBf Holdings Berhad:
1502:Fiji, A Short History
1073:Return to the Islands
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282:3 m (10 ft)
237:3.16778°N 172.82583°E
1326:Maude, H.E. (1959).
1274:A Pattern of Islands
1224:on 30 September 2013
1146:on 23 September 2015
1089:University of Hawaii
1068:A Pattern of Islands
442:Cyrtosperma merkusii
431:Environmental issues
100:Show map of Kiribati
1884:Outline of Kiribati
1192:on November 6, 2011
957:Visiting Butaritari
628:Alfred Thomas Agate
385:Gilbertese language
319:3,224 (2015 Census)
232: /
160:Show map of Oceania
49:
1915:Atolls of Kiribati
1524:2017-05-08 at the
1487:2014-02-01 at the
1456:"Post Office List"
861:, all held by the
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670:) on 8 July 1606.
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626:islands, drawn by
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242:3.16778; 172.82583
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1575:In the South Seas
1442:In the South Seas
1312:978-0-8248-1217-1
1081:978-1-906011-45-1
965:and the capital,
906:American invasion
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716:trading companies
701:Guano Islands Act
641:Myths and legends
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859:Ellice Islands
857:, Phoenix and
847:Howland Island
830:
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780:Queen Victoria
762:Lloyd Osbourne
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1338:(4): 284–326.
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869:American raid
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705:United States
703:claim by the
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614:Early history
613:
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543:Taubukinmeang
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353:Pacific Ocean
350:
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332:Ethnic groups
330:
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306:Taubukinmeang
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112:
82:
72:
68:
63:
56:
51:
44:
40:
33:
32:Makin (atoll)
19:
1871:Winslow Reef
1866:Filippo Reef
1799:Flint Island
1786:Line Islands
1720:
1670:
1573:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1533:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1496:
1477:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1449:
1441:
1424:27 September
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1408:
1383:
1375:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1302:
1293:
1273:
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:the original
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:the original
1185:
1148:. Retrieved
1141:the original
1136:
1084:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1032:Makin Island
1031:
1019:
1013:flight with
1011:Fiji Airways
1007:South Tarawa
989:–Butaritari–
987:Tarawa Atoll
982:
979:World War II
971:Air Kiribati
967:South Tarawa
960:
948:
941:
937:
929:
921:
894:
887:
872:
851:Baker Island
832:
816:World War II
799:
796:
793:1900 to 1941
786:
784:
773:
752:
709:
694:
687:
685:or old men.
682:
674:
672:
663:
662:sighted the
657:
654:1606 to 1899
647:
644:
603:South Tarawa
588:
575:Tarawa Atoll
572:
551:Temanokunuea
464:
446:
440:
436:
434:
425:
421:
417:
402:
372:
365:World War II
344:
343:
324:Pop. density
311:Demographics
293:
1595:- Main Info
1351:(1617-1627)
949:Liscome Bay
744:Burns Philp
511:Tanimainiku
379:. Locally,
373:Makin Atoll
261:Archipelago
240: /
227:172°49′33″E
215:Coordinates
18:Makin Atoll
1905:Butaritari
1899:Categories
1804:Kiritimati
1766:Nikumaroro
1671:Butaritari
1583:- Republic
1549:2013-04-20
1399:0520025571
1254:2013-03-15
1111:References
916:See also:
883:submarines
875:Makin Raid
736:Australian
664:Buen Viaje
591:breadfruit
519:Tanimaiaki
345:Butaritari
336:I-Kiribati
316:Population
248:Butaritari
246: (
184:Butaritari
154:Butaritari
124:Butaritari
94:Butaritari
48:Butaritari
1819:Tabuaeran
1711:Tabiteuea
1037:U.S. Navy
1003:Air Nauru
995:cash crop
785:The last
479:Ukiangang
391:Geography
224:3°10′04″N
200:Geography
1522:Archived
1515:About Us
1485:Archived
1478:About Us
1301:(1989).
1271:(1981).
1228:17 March
1196:28 April
1150:28 April
1095:, 1989,
1093:Honolulu
1024:See also
900:Solomons
895:Nautilus
888:Argonaut
843:seaplane
728:On Chong
683:unimwane
599:eggplant
535:Antekana
527:Tabonuea
495:Tikurere
453:Villages
357:Kiribati
295:Kiribati
205:Location
39:Kiribati
1824:Teraina
1701:Nonouti
1696:Nikunau
1691:Marakei
1656:Aranuka
1651:Abemama
1646:Abaiang
1589:- Facts
1091:Press,
732:Chinese
720:Hamburg
690:maneaba
609:History
585:Economy
579:El Niño
569:Climate
559:Onomaru
487:Bikaati
351:in the
1845:Banaba
1776:Rawaki
1746:Canton
1722:Tarawa
1716:Tamana
1706:Onotoa
1681:Maiana
1661:Arorae
1462:5 July
1396:
1309:
1281:
1099:
1079:
991:Majuro
932:lagoon
924:Korean
863:Allies
855:Tuvalu
776:atolls
769:atolls
748:Tarawa
742:until
726:, and
630:(1841)
595:papaya
347:is an
1854:Reefs
1771:Orona
1756:Manra
1686:Makin
1676:Kuria
1367:(PDF)
1222:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
1144:(PDF)
1133:(PDF)
1049:Notes
963:Makin
810:copra
766:Makin
724:Samoa
712:Makin
668:Makin
624:Makin
503:Keuea
471:Kuuma
437:babai
409:Makin
381:Makin
349:atoll
338:90.6%
1666:Beru
1464:2013
1426:2021
1394:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1230:2013
1198:2015
1152:2015
1097:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1061:Sir
1030:USS
1015:Fiji
947:USS
893:USS
891:and
886:USS
760:and
593:and
271:Area
41:and
1390:245
787:Uea
675:Uea
445:or
371:as
1901::
1517:,
1480:,
1434:^
1417:.
1392:.
1336:68
1334:.
1330:.
1184:.
1160:^
1135:.
1119:^
1087:,
1035::
1017:.
853:,
849:,
756:,
692:.
581:.
387:.
1622:e
1615:t
1608:v
1552:.
1466:.
1428:.
1402:.
1315:.
1287:.
1257:.
1232:.
1200:.
1154:.
1103:.
730:(
439:(
250:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
