3019:
175:
302:
community members as well as the agents of national society. While these areas were officially recognized and demarcated as official indigenous territories in 1993, however, it has not been a smooth road for the
Macushi communities. Since then, the Brazilian government has set up school and hospitals for the Macushi community.
290:, referring to the merchants and extractivists, advanced the colonial expansion. Subsequently, forced migration continued to occur due to the rise of cattle-raising in the region. Villages were abandoned and escape plans were hatched due to the arrival of the colonizers. To this day, these memories are still preserved in the
282:(who came for the rubber) and developers (who came to extract metals and precious stones), and more recently, the insurgence of “grileiros” that counterfeit land titles in order to take over and sell the land. These settlers set up mission villages and farms. Towards the last decades of the 19th century, as the
277:
Based on information provided by anthropologist Paulo
Santilli for Instituto Socioambiental, the Macuxi people have faced adversity since the 18th century, due to the presence of non-indigenous groups. Located at the frontier of Brazil and Guyana, generations have been forced to migrate from their
301:
Indigenous
Territory (the most extensive and populated), San Marcos Indigenous Territory and small areas that surround isolated villages in the extreme northwest of the Macushi Territory. In the 1970s, Macushi political leaders started to step up, acting as mediators between their indigenous
743:
The suprasegmental system consists of a high and low or unmarked pitch at the word level”, such as in: átí ‘you go’ and ‘àtí’ ‘he goes’. High pitch is considered the marked pitch, and can be found on the final, penultimate or antepenultimate syllable of the word.
248:
Crevels (2012:182) lists
Macushi as “potentially endangered”, while it is listed on the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger as “vulnerable”. Its language status is at 6b (Threatened). The Macushi communities live in areas of language contact:
757:
Macuxi numerals precede the noun they modify. When both the demonstrative and numeral occur before the noun, it is irrelevant to the semantic value of the noun. It is also acceptable for the numeral to start a nominal clause.
3084:
3060:
3124:
2225:
3109:
3104:
2061:
1188:
2650:
185:
3053:
575:
875:
According to Carson, the native numeral system in
Macushi is not adequate to express large numbers. The following quantifiers would be used instead:
3046:
3026:
2218:
595:
1112:
2054:
1181:
1004:
1293:
470:
294:
of the
Macushi people. Since early 20th century, local political leaders have also stepped up to champion for their land rights.
3099:
2643:
2211:
683:
706:
3114:
2596:
662:
514:
3094:
3089:
2192:
2047:
1174:
1119:
1062:
697:
463:
161:
245:, Rio Branco, Contingo, Quino, Pium and Mau rivers. Macuxi speakers in Brazil, however, are only estimated at 15,000.
713:
655:
479:
2983:
1308:
3079:
2747:
2636:
729:
606:
380:
366:
1906:
1896:
507:
493:
2717:
1555:
1444:
199:
is an indigenous language of the Carib family spoken in Brazil, Guyana and
Venezuela. It is also referred to as
2832:
2617:
2383:
669:
1932:
1661:
3018:
1927:
1540:
1237:
1216:
500:
429:
420:
394:
2332:
2234:
2187:
400:
386:
372:
338:
229:. According to Instituto Socioambiental, the Macushi population is at an estimated 43,192, with 33,603 in
2733:
2589:
1782:
1102:
589:
541:
532:
1507:
1283:
2963:
2945:
2882:
2871:
2810:
2667:
2408:
2166:
1937:
1911:
1841:
1790:
1726:
1696:
1570:
1459:
1211:
548:
438:
2970:
2939:
2902:
2827:
2765:
2740:
2675:
2505:
2469:
2070:
1891:
1836:
1795:
1701:
1535:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1429:
1391:
1386:
1323:
1197:
448:
298:
250:
1716:
2893:
2702:
2542:
2497:
2446:
2423:
2307:
2302:
2279:
2248:
2145:
1963:
1749:
1681:
1671:
1590:
1487:
1343:
1275:
555:
333:
283:
258:
2977:
2933:
2913:
2789:
2687:
2552:
2373:
2292:
2130:
2100:
1861:
1816:
1800:
1656:
1585:
1575:
1550:
1449:
1414:
1338:
1151:
2908:
2838:
2659:
2487:
2403:
2368:
2355:
2317:
2297:
2258:
2125:
1998:
1953:
1846:
1826:
1739:
1676:
1638:
1615:
1600:
1595:
1580:
1545:
1497:
1401:
1353:
1348:
1318:
1313:
1298:
1000:
690:
348:
226:
94:
3030:
3119:
2956:
2950:
2865:
2722:
2681:
2531:
2459:
2431:
2398:
2345:
2340:
2312:
2110:
2084:
2023:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1831:
1821:
1734:
1648:
1605:
1565:
1492:
1482:
1474:
1454:
1419:
1376:
1363:
1333:
1303:
1288:
1249:
1232:
992:
328:
323:
254:
2876:
2799:
2727:
2711:
2692:
2601:
2584:
2562:
2536:
2510:
2477:
2388:
2287:
2253:
2171:
2140:
2105:
2028:
2018:
1993:
1973:
1958:
1871:
1866:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1711:
1691:
1666:
1560:
1530:
1464:
1434:
1409:
1381:
1328:
526:
343:
86:
1623:
1043:
Abbott, Miriam (1991). "Macushi". In
Derbyshire, Desmond C.; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (eds.).
3003:
2988:
2859:
2804:
2557:
2547:
2526:
2482:
2454:
2413:
2393:
2363:
2322:
2150:
2135:
2115:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1901:
1856:
1851:
1757:
1633:
1424:
1254:
1064:
Um estudo de fonologia da língua Makuxi (karib): inter-relações das teorias fonológicas
565:
355:
266:
262:
67:
987:
Crevels, Mily (2012), "Language endangerment in South
America: The clock is ticking",
153:
3073:
2772:
1706:
1371:
637:
1132:
2436:
1628:
406:
291:
279:
963:
649:
632:
297:
Nowadays, the
Macushi territory in Brazil consists of three territorial blocks:
174:
166:
17:
996:
943:
938:
721:
642:
1686:
1140:
677:
278:
territory due to the establishment of Portuguese settlements, the influx of
238:
146:
130:
56:
137:
2203:
1108:
1019:
261:(another indigenous language). Abbott (1991) describes Macushi as having
1084:
Carson, Neusa M (1981). "Phonology and morphosyntax of Macuxi (Carib)".
1244:
242:
31:
2039:
1166:
1968:
241:. In Brazil, the Macushi populations are located around northeastern
234:
230:
182:
52:
48:
2628:
834:
830:
805:
770:
2632:
2207:
2043:
1170:
838:
774:
801:
3034:
740:
Nasality also occurs, and is transcribed with a mark.
286:
boomed and local administration obtained autonomy, the
3085:
Indigenous languages of the South American Northeast
2926:
2892:
2852:
2820:
2782:
2757:
2701:
2666:
2610:
2575:
2519:
2496:
2468:
2445:
2422:
2354:
2331:
2278:
2269:
2241:
2180:
2159:
2093:
2077:
1946:
1920:
1884:
1809:
1781:
1748:
1725:
1647:
1614:
1506:
1473:
1400:
1362:
1274:
1265:
1225:
1204:
1153:
The New Testament in the Macushi Language of Brazil
160:
144:
128:
123:
83:
73:
63:
44:
39:
1047:. Vol. 3. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 23–160.
1020:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
1121:A Study of the Phonology of the Macushi Language
3054:
2644:
2219:
2055:
1182:
8:
1086:University of Kansas. Doctoral Dissertation
181:Macushi is classified as Vulnerable by the
3125:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
3061:
3047:
2889:
2779:
2651:
2637:
2629:
2275:
2226:
2212:
2204:
2062:
2048:
2040:
1271:
1189:
1175:
1167:
173:
36:
1133:"Macushi Words (Makushi, Makusi, Macusi)"
989:The Indigenous Languages of South America
877:
623:
314:
186:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
27:Cariban language spoken in South America
964:"Macuxi - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil"
931:
814:two-NOM-PL cornstalk skin ripe-DET-NOM
447:
354:
269:being used to highlight the subject.
7:
3027:Indigenous languages of the Americas
3015:
3013:
1079:
1077:
1056:
1054:
958:
956:
811:saki-naŋ a’anai yepuupî imî-rîî-seŋ
3033:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1113:Intercontinental Dictionary Series
25:
728:
712:
705:
696:
689:
682:
668:
661:
654:
605:
594:
574:
554:
547:
540:
531:
513:
506:
499:
492:
478:
469:
462:
437:
428:
419:
405:
393:
379:
365:
225:. It is the most populous of the
3017:
991:, DE GRUYTER, pp. 167–234,
1045:Handbook of Amazonian Languages
1:
3110:Subject–object–verb languages
3105:Object–subject–verb languages
3025:This article related to the
2193:South Rupununi Sign Language
863:four-NOM-POSS-PL those guava
817:‘Two ears of corn are ripe.’
719:
675:
647:
1103:Macushi words on Wiktionary
860:saakrîrî-on-koŋ ma-ni kanoŋ
3141:
3012:
1061:Carla Maria Cunha (2004),
30:For the ethnic group, see
29:
2997:
1907:Paulista General Language
1141:"Colour words in Macushi"
997:10.1515/9783110258035.167
902:(more as an intensifier)
688:
676:
588:
564:
525:
320:
172:
2618:Venezuelan Sign Language
1217:Brazilian Sign Language
949:(subscription required)
3100:Languages of Venezuela
2235:Languages of Venezuela
2188:Guyanese Sign Language
968:pib.socioambiental.org
1912:Portunhol fronteiriço
3115:Vulnerable languages
2167:Caribbean Hindustani
2094:Indigenous languages
3095:Languages of Guyana
3090:Languages of Brazil
2071:Languages of Guyana
1198:Languages of Brazil
866:'Those four guavas.
626:
317:
299:Raposa Serra do Sol
1662:Gavião of Jiparaná
1226:Regional languages
624:
315:
79:18,000 (2006)
3080:Cariban languages
3042:
3041:
3010:
3009:
3004:extinct languages
2922:
2921:
2848:
2847:
2660:Cariban languages
2626:
2625:
2571:
2570:
2242:Official language
2201:
2200:
2078:Official language
2037:
2036:
1880:
1879:
1566:Laklãnõ (Xokléng)
1205:Official language
947:(18th ed., 2015)
923:
922:
738:
737:
617:
616:
227:Cariban languages
194:
193:
16:(Redirected from
3132:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3021:
3014:
2890:
2780:
2758:Venezuelan Carib
2653:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2276:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2041:
1272:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1147:
1145:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1016:
1010:
1009:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
960:
951:
950:
936:
878:
840:
836:
832:
807:
803:
776:
772:
732:
716:
709:
700:
693:
686:
672:
665:
658:
627:
609:
598:
578:
558:
551:
544:
535:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
473:
466:
455:
441:
432:
423:
416:
409:
402:
397:
388:
383:
374:
369:
362:
318:
188:
177:
156:
140:
133:
99:Venezuelan Carib
89:
37:
21:
18:Makushi language
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3011:
3006:
2993:
2984:Waimirí Atroarí
2918:
2888:
2844:
2833:Mapoyo-Yawarana
2821:Mapoyo–Tamanaku
2816:
2778:
2753:
2697:
2662:
2657:
2627:
2622:
2606:
2577:
2567:
2515:
2492:
2464:
2441:
2418:
2384:Mapoyo-Yabarana
2350:
2327:
2271:
2265:
2237:
2232:
2202:
2197:
2176:
2172:Guyanese Creole
2160:Other languages
2155:
2089:
2073:
2068:
2038:
2033:
1942:
1916:
1876:
1805:
1777:
1744:
1721:
1643:
1610:
1502:
1469:
1396:
1358:
1267:
1261:
1221:
1200:
1195:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:(in Portuguese)
1124:
1118:
1105:by Guy Marco Sr
1099:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1070:(in Portuguese)
1067:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1007:
986:
985:
981:
972:
970:
962:
961:
954:
948:
937:
933:
928:
873:
868:
858:
850:
842:
826:saakrîrî-on-koŋ
823:
819:
809:
794:
786:
778:
763:
755:
750:
622:
487:
453:
414:
398:
384:
370:
360:
313:
308:
284:rubber industry
275:
190:
189:
180:
152:
136:
129:
119:
90:
87:Language family
85:
76:
75:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3022:
3008:
3007:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2611:Sign languages
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2181:Sign languages
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Haitian Creole
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Brazilian Sign
1924:
1922:
1921:Sign languages
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1885:Interlanguages
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1193:
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267:SOV word order
263:OVS word order
257:in Guyana and
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124:Language codes
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26:
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14:
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10:
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4:
3:
2:
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2783:Pemóng–Panare
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1006:9783110258035
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946:
945:
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935:
932:
925:
918:
916:mara-rî-perá
915:
914:
911:'little/few'
910:
907:
906:
903:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
887:
883:
880:
879:
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619:
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584:
582:
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569:
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560:
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546:
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524:
521:
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516:
512:
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498:
495:
491:
486:
485:
481:
477:
475:
472:
468:
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461:
459:
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452:
450:
446:
443:
440:
436:
434:
431:
427:
425:
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418:
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408:
404:
396:
392:
390:
382:
378:
376:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
319:
310:
305:
303:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:extractivists
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
187:
184:
176:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
149:
148:
143:
139:
135:
132:
127:
122:
110:
107:
106:
104:
103:
102:Pemóng–Panare
101:
100:
98:
97:
96:
92:
88:
82:
78:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3035:expanding it
3024:
2999:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2938:
2927:Unclassified
2901:
2881:
2864:
2837:
2809:
2794:
2771:
2764:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2710:
2680:
2539:(Maku-Auari)
2378:
2333:Arutani-Sape
2120:
1947:Non-official
1933:Ka'apor Sign
1516:Akwẽ-Xerénte
1439:
1309:Enawenê-Nawê
1163:
1152:
1120:
1085:
1063:
1044:
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1014:
988:
982:
971:. Retrieved
967:
942:
934:
901:
900:'more/much'
874:
865:
862:
859:
855:
852:
847:
844:
828:
825:
816:
813:
810:
799:
796:
791:
788:
783:
780:
768:
765:
756:
742:
739:
339:Postalveolar
296:
287:
276:
247:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
145:
108:
2964:Paravilyana
1959:Vlax Romani
1938:Terena Sign
1902:Macarrônico
1783:Nambikwaran
1541:Djeoromitxí
871:Quantifiers
797:imî-rîî-seŋ
590:Approximant
316:Consonants
253:in Brazil,
233:, 9,500 in
55:, a few in
3074:Categories
2971:Pawishiana
2766:Tiverikoto
2741:Pimenteira
2676:Hixkaryana
2668:Parukotoan
2576:Non-Native
2270:Indigenous
1897:Lanc-Patuá
1796:Nambikwara
1727:Chapacuran
1702:Tenetehara
1576:Mẽbêngôkre
1536:Chiquitano
1445:Pará Arára
1430:Hixkaryana
1266:Indigenous
1238:Pomeranian
1212:Portuguese
1029:2019-07-17
973:2019-07-17
944:Ethnologue
926:References
919:'several'
311:Consonants
251:Portuguese
237:and 89 in
3002:indicate
2682:Katxúyana
2578:languages
2543:Nheengatu
2470:Jirajaran
2308:Paraujano
2303:Mandawaca
2272:languages
2259:Maracucho
2146:Wapishana
1964:Hungarian
1687:Nheengatu
1682:Munduruku
1672:Kagwahiva
1591:Rikbaktsa
1488:Kashinawa
1344:Wapishana
1284:Asháninka
1268:languages
889:tamîmarî
784:cornstalk
454:Voiceless
449:Fricative
361:Voiceless
306:Phonology
288:regionals
239:Venezuela
147:Glottolog
131:ISO 639-3
64:Ethnicity
57:Venezuela
2946:Japréria
2909:Karihona
2894:Taranoan
2883:Wayumara
2872:Ye'kuana
2860:Kari'nja
2839:Tamanaku
2811:Purukotó
2703:Pekodian
2498:Timotean
2488:Jirajara
2447:Guahiban
2424:Chibchan
2409:Ye'kuana
2404:Tamanaku
2369:Japreria
2318:Warekena
2298:Caquetio
2280:Arawakan
2131:Patamona
2126:Mapidian
1999:Romanian
1954:Japanese
1847:Katawixi
1842:Kanamarí
1791:Mamaindê
1750:Tukanoan
1697:Tapirapé
1596:Tapayúna
1571:Maxakalí
1546:Kaingang
1508:Macro-Jê
1498:Yaminawa
1460:Ye'kuana
1377:Jamamadí
1349:Warekena
1319:Mehinaku
1314:Mapidian
1299:Barawana
1276:Arawakan
908:mara-rî
884:English
881:Macushi
766:saki-naŋ
753:Numerals
334:Alveolar
259:Wapixana
216:Macussi,
154:macu1259
3120:Macushi
3000:Italics
2951:Kuikuro
2940:Boanarí
2903:Akuriyo
2866:Palmela
2795:Makushi
2723:Bakairí
2597:Italian
2506:Mucuchí
2460:Guahibo
2399:Sikiana
2379:Macushi
2356:Cariban
2341:Arutani
2313:Piapoco
2254:Llanero
2249:Spanish
2121:Macushi
2111:Atorada
2101:Akawaio
2085:English
2024:Chinese
2014:Turkish
2009:Tagalog
2004:Russian
1892:Cafundó
1837:Kadiwéu
1832:Irantxe
1822:Arutani
1735:Oro Win
1616:Nadahup
1606:Xavante
1601:Timbira
1556:Kĩsêdjê
1526:Arikapú
1521:Apinajé
1493:Shipibo
1483:Amawaka
1455:Sikiana
1440:Macushi
1420:Bakairi
1402:Cariban
1392:Zuruahá
1387:Paumarí
1334:Tariana
1324:Palikúr
1289:Atorada
1250:Italian
1245:Hunsrik
1109:Macushi
939:Macushi
789:yepuupî
638:Central
625:Vowels
349:Glottal
273:History
265:, with
255:English
243:Roraima
213:Macusi,
201:Makushi
197:Macushi
167:Makushi
109:Macushi
95:Cariban
68:Macushi
40:Macushi
32:Macushi
2978:Sapará
2934:Apalaí
2914:Tiriyo
2877:Wayana
2828:Kumaná
2800:Panare
2790:Kapóng
2748:Yarumá
2728:Ikpéng
2712:Apingi
2693:Waiwai
2688:Salumá
2602:Romani
2585:German
2563:Yaruro
2553:Sanumá
2537:Jukude
2511:Timote
2478:Ayoman
2389:Panare
2374:Kapóng
2293:Baniwa
2288:Arawak
2141:Waiwai
2106:Arawak
2029:Slovak
2019:Korean
1994:Polish
1974:French
1969:Arabic
1872:Xukuru
1867:Ticuna
1862:Pirahã
1817:Aikanã
1810:Others
1801:Sabanê
1773:Wanano
1768:Tuyuca
1763:Tukano
1712:Xipaya
1692:Omagua
1667:Juruna
1657:Akwáwa
1649:Tupian
1586:Panará
1561:Krenak
1551:Karajá
1531:Bororo
1475:Panoan
1465:Waiwai
1450:Salumá
1435:Ikpeng
1415:Apalaí
1410:Amonap
1382:Kulina
1364:Arawan
1339:Terêna
1329:Paresi
1294:Baniwa
1255:Talian
1233:German
1003:
897:pampî
892:'all'
781:a’anai
748:Syntax
620:Vowels
488:Voiced
415:Voiced
399:
385:
371:
329:Dental
324:Labial
235:Guyana
231:Brazil
223:Teueia
219:Teweya
209:Macuxi
205:Makusi
183:UNESCO
105:Pemóng
53:Guyana
49:Brazil
3029:is a
2989:Yukpa
2805:Pemón
2718:Arara
2558:Warao
2548:Ninam
2527:Betoi
2520:Other
2483:Gayon
2455:Cuiba
2414:Yukpa
2394:Pemon
2364:Carib
2323:Wayuu
2151:Warao
2136:Pemon
2116:Carib
1989:Greek
1979:Dutch
1857:Ninam
1852:Kwaza
1827:Guató
1758:Cubeo
1740:Wariʼ
1677:Kaiwá
1639:Nadëb
1634:Kakwa
1581:Ofayé
1425:Carib
1354:Waurá
1157:(PDF)
1144:(PDF)
1125:(PDF)
1068:(PDF)
856:guava
853:kanoŋ
848:those
845:ma-ni
829:four-
800:ripe-
650:Close
633:Front
527:Nasal
344:Velar
3031:stub
2957:Opón
2773:Yaio
2734:Juma
2532:Hodï
2432:Barí
2346:Sapé
1717:Zo'é
1707:Xeta
1372:Deni
1304:Baré
1001:ISBN
835:POSS
792:skin
769:two-
722:Open
643:Back
566:Flap
356:Stop
2437:Uwa
1629:Hup
1624:Dâw
993:doi
941:at
831:NOM
806:NOM
802:DET
771:NOM
678:Mid
221:or
162:ELP
138:mbc
3076::
1076:^
1053:^
1022:.
999:,
966:.
955:^
839:PL
822:2.
775:PL
762:1.
401:kː
387:tː
373:pː
211:,
207:,
203:,
51:,
3062:e
3055:t
3048:v
3037:.
2652:e
2645:t
2638:v
2227:e
2220:t
2213:v
2063:e
2056:t
2049:v
1190:e
1183:t
1176:v
1159:.
1146:.
1135:.
1115:)
1111:(
1088:.
1032:.
995::
976:.
837:-
833:-
804:-
773:-
730:a
714:ɔ
707:ɛ
698:o
691:ə
684:e
670:u
663:ɨ
656:i
607:j
596:w
576:ɾ
556:ŋ
549:ɲ
542:n
533:m
515:ʒ
508:z
501:ð
494:β
480:h
471:ʃ
464:s
439:ɡ
430:d
421:b
407:ʔ
395:k
381:t
367:p
59:.
34:.
20:)
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