155:
415:
142:
881:
316:
59:
129:
719:
government enforced a policy of assimilating diverse cultural groups into a pan-Nepali identity. Legal directives made it an offense to address inequality and discrimination of ethnic groups. The complexities of ethnopolitical conflicts between immigrants, caste groups and indigenous groups living in
665:
constituted almost half of their daily food intake, supplemented by vegetables, potatoes, milk and dairy products. Less frequently they consumed meat, fish, eggs and fruit. About 13.7% of the total food intake of men was alcohol, whereas females consumed far less alcohol. Fruit commonly grown in the
357:. This increased immigration facilitated the expansion of cultivated land, which provided revenue for the state in the form of taxes by farmers, duties for felling and export of timber, and fees for the grazing of cattle on pastures during dry seasons. In the mid 19th century, Muslim people from the
402:
With 33,998.8 km (13,127.0 sq mi), the Nepal Terai constitutes 23.1% of Nepal's land area. As of 2001, about 48.5% of Nepal's population lived in the Terai, which had a population density of 330.78/km (856.7/sq mi), the highest in the country. As of June 2011, the Nepal Terai's
377:
and engaged in business. In 1981, the Indian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that about 3.2 million people of Indian origin lived in Nepal, of which about 2.4 million had received Nepali citizenship. In 2006, the Nepal Citizenship Act was amended to the effect that people born before 1990 and
779:
The Tharu people were initially comfortable with the
Madheshi identity in the eastern part of the Terai as of 2007, but in the central part, they claim a distinct Tharu identity. In 2009, they disassociated themselves from being identified as Madheshi and demanded their own province.
767:
formed by
Madheshi organizations pressured the government to accept this concept of autonomy under the motto "One Madhes One Pradesh". Several ethnic and religious groups in the Terai opposed and resisted this policy under the leadership of Madheshi parties, foremost
336:
and subsequent drought. To promote the economic development of the Nepal Terai, people from the hills were invited to settle, but only a few moved to the Terai. Between the 1860s and 1951, people from India immigrated and settled in the region.
698:
Since the late 1940s, the term 'Madhes' was used by politicians in the Nepal Terai to differentiate between the interests of the people of the Terai and of the hills. At the time, Indian and
Madheshi people needed a passport to travel to
327:
of Nepal promoted conversion of forests in the Terai to agricultural land and encouraged people from northern India to settle in this region through a series of subsidies granted to new settlers. In the 1770s to 1780s, famine-stricken
750:
is the oldest
Madheshi party, which started lobbying for socio-cultural, linguistic and political rights of Madheshi people in the 1990s. The discussions on rights and demands of Madheshi people increased after the end of the
1373:. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
783:
Armed groups like Terai Army, Madhesi
National Liberation Front, Terai Cobras and Madhesh Mukti Tigers pursued this aim of autonomy using violent means. Some members of these organisations were responsible for acts of
361:
region were invited to settle in the far-western Nepal Terai, where they received large forested areas for conversion to agriculture. People of at least 21 Indian ethnic groups immigrated between 1933 and 1966.
1349:
Legal
Analysis of Citizenship Law of Nepal. A Comparative Study of the Nepal Citizenship Act, 2006 with the Constitution, Precedents, International Human Rights Obligation and Best Practices. Publication No.
485:
and Uttar
Pradesh, respectively. They are influenced by the hierarchy of the Hindu caste system, with the difference that it is not based on the principle of pollution and purity, but on occupation.
469:
Muslim people in the Terai constitute about 96% of all
Muslims in the country. Their cultural traditions are interlinked with those of Muslim people in northern India; popular destinations for their
373:
who had stayed in the
Madhesh for at least five years or married to native Madhesis. The Citizenship Act of 1963 entitled immigrants to receive Nepali citizenship if they were able to read and write
727:
in spring 1990, disadvanted groups demanded a more equitable share of political resources such as admittance to civil service. Madheshi people are disadvantaged in regards to access to education;
406:
The Madheshi people constituted 32% of Nepal's population by the 1991 census. Of these, 16% belonged to various Hindu castes, 9% belonged to other ethnic groups, including 6.5% Tharu people.
422:
The culture of Madeshi people is complex and diverse. The Muslim and indigenous peoples speak their own languages and have distinct cultural traditions that differ from the Hindu
492:
being compulsory and free of cost, more boys than girls are enrolled. Girls are expected to look after younger siblings and do household chores. Many rural Madheshi girls are
1597:
545:
Muslim Madheshis speak Urdu primarily, but also Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bajjika and Maithili, depending on whether they live in the western, central or eastern Terai.
763:
advocated the idea of an autonomous Madhes province stretching all over the Terai and organised violent demonstrations in 2007 to enforce their demands. The
1582:
1183:
808:
1347:
1327:
2041:
2195:
256:
of the Terai. Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in
1825:
2304:
378:
residing permanently in the country obtained the right to Nepali citizenship. About 2.3 million people received citizenship certificates. The
2605:
2179:
1856:
1531:
1435:
1378:
2556:
2239:. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 15. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
2228:. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 19. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
2924:
760:
488:
Both Muslim and Hindu Madheshi parents place more emphasis on the education of boys than of girls. Despite an increase of schools and
2989:
1893:
1757:
1728:
1464:
1056:
990:
2576:
2958:
2845:
789:
3589:
3232:
2936:
2905:
1400:
764:
1802:
291:(मध्य देश), literally the middle country, which refers to "the central region, the country lying between the Himalaya and the
1214:
1157:
756:
861:
2967:
2885:
2827:
796:
724:
645:
at madrasas in the Terai are either from India, or were trained in India and Saudi Arabia. Many Muslim Madheshis practise
2755:
2166:
2631:
1665:
524:
languages. The National Population and Housing Census of 2011 knows of 123 languages spoken in all of Nepal and lists:
3485:
3151:
3133:
2917:
2912:
2649:
833:
553:
The following religions are practised in the Terai according to the National Population and Housing Census of 2011:
3517:
3510:
3306:
3247:
3128:
2997:
2895:
2684:
2297:
857:
740:
379:
345:
between 1846 and 1950. They settled foremost in the Terai together with already present native Terai peoples like
2653:
2501:
478:
1122:
Mishra, R. (2007). "Sectional President's Address: Ethnicity and National Unification: The Madheshis of Nepal".
1097:
882:"New Identity Politics and the 2012 Collapse of Nepal's Constituent Assembly: When the dominant becomes 'other'"
3500:
3264:
2641:
2621:
2595:
39:
743:. Madheshi identity is largely based on the experience of being discriminated by the country's ruling elites.
528:
3,092,530 Maithili speaking people (11.7% of Nepal's total population), of which 3,004,245 lived in the Terai;
3022:
3007:
2953:
2946:
2835:
2788:
2780:
2740:
2626:
2363:
634:
3257:
2977:
2972:
2840:
2208:
747:
383:
366:
178:
3554:
3495:
3289:
3202:
3123:
2900:
2880:
2290:
2225:
Education, Nationalism, and Conflict in Plural Society in Nepal: Terai Region in the Post-Maoist Context
1647:"Food consumption patterns and nutrient intake among Nepalese living in the southern rural Terai region"
828:
581:
403:
human population totaled 13,318,705 people comprising more than 120 different ethnic groups and castes.
209:
became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990.
190:
953:
603:
3505:
3480:
3113:
2560:
2486:
2481:
2144:
1480:
Thapa, S. (1995). "Caste Hierarchy: The inter-Ethnic Stratification in the Muslim society of Nepal".
704:
538:
2213:
3430:
3217:
816:
811:, Indian politicians kept on trying to secure strategic interests in the Nepal Terai, such as over
630:
474:
2014:
614:
The religious practices of the majority of Madheshi people are a mixture of orthodox Hinduism and
3212:
3207:
3161:
3146:
3002:
2941:
2929:
2890:
2671:
2636:
2571:
2518:
2391:
2189:
1926:
1296:
1269:
1131:
1020:
901:
752:
819:, India tried to dominate Nepal's internal politics and foment the conflict in the Nepal Terai.
731:
rate among Madheshi people is lower than among other groups in Nepal, and lowest among Madheshi
1976:
1645:
Ohno, Y.; Hirai, K.; Sato, N.; Ito, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Tamura, T. & Shrestha, M. P. (1997).
3475:
3349:
3329:
3279:
3274:
3269:
2868:
2850:
2767:
2600:
2587:
2566:
2551:
2528:
2508:
2175:
1889:
1852:
1753:
1745:
1724:
1527:
1460:
1431:
1374:
1210:
1158:"Economic development through indigenous means: A case of Indian migration in the Nepal Terai"
1052:
1044:
986:
716:
712:
622:
557:
509:
505:
493:
489:
253:
99:
91:
2236:
The rise of new regional political force in Madhes and its consequence in post-conflict Nepal
1844:
1716:
1452:
1202:
978:
815:
energy, development projects, business and trade. It has been alleged that by supporting the
3547:
3540:
3319:
3192:
3180:
3156:
3101:
3030:
2817:
2745:
2523:
2496:
2325:
2317:
2104:
1918:
1563:
1239:
1102:
Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary
1049:
Local Democracy in South Asia: Microprocesses of democratization in Nepal and its neighbours
932:
893:
658:
657:
In 1989, a study on food consumption patterns was conducted with 108 people in a village in
350:
300:
107:
983:
Nationalism and ethnicity in a Hindu kingdom: The politics of culture in contemporary Nepal
3490:
3359:
3339:
3296:
3166:
3118:
3073:
2762:
2125:
1423:
521:
431:
374:
241:
198:
170:
1370:
Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites
755:, in particular among Madheshi intellectuals and political elites. The political parties
3563:
3445:
3399:
3354:
3334:
3284:
3237:
3222:
3138:
2476:
2453:
2373:
2358:
642:
439:
221:
2207:. Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies. pp. 1–12.
735:. They are also disappointed to have been excluded from participation in bureaucracy,
715:
and increasing employment opportunities for Madheshi people. During 1961 to 1990, the
3583:
3409:
3374:
3242:
2809:
2702:
2697:
2513:
2458:
2443:
2234:
2223:
1930:
1567:
1551:
1500:
974:
905:
661:. Results of this study showed that the people consumed seven food items on average.
517:
427:
304:
292:
261:
245:
202:
115:
3450:
1646:
1552:"Muslims in Nepal: The Local and Global Dimensions of a Changing Religious Minority"
3568:
3384:
3344:
3060:
2546:
2538:
2468:
960:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 74–81.
769:
599:
346:
342:
324:
269:
233:
158:
32:
1977:"Politicising ethnicity: Tharu contestation of Madheshi identity in Nepal's Tarai"
1051:. New Delhi, Los Angeles, London, Singapore: Sage Publications. pp. 128–149.
531:
1,584,958 Bhojpuri speaking people (5.98%), of which 1,542,333 lived in the Terai;
2203:
Hachhethu, K. (2007). "Madheshi nationalism and restructuring the Nepali state".
2109:
2092:
1922:
1501:"Significance of Girl Education: Parents' Perception from Rural Madhesh of Nepal"
3379:
2801:
2448:
1721:
Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nepal: identities and mobilization after 1990
703:, a requirement in place until 1958. In the 1950s, the regional political party
370:
338:
333:
265:
213:
2263:
799:
election. Madheshi parties gained 50 of 575 seats in the Constituent Assembly.
3196:
3035:
3012:
2712:
2491:
2404:
2340:
1243:
897:
812:
736:
272:
and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi.
154:
1045:"The 'Madhesi' People: Issues and Challenges of Democracy in the Nepal Terai"
341:
of Indian farmers and labourers was particularly high during the rule of the
3435:
3078:
3065:
2722:
2692:
2168:
Nepal's Terai: Constructing an Ethnic Conflict. South Asia Briefing Paper #1
937:
920:
785:
700:
687:
482:
447:
414:
1909:
Nayak, N. (2011). "The Madhesi Movement in Nepal: Implications for India".
426:
groups. Latter comprise at least 43 distinct groups. Caste groups include
3455:
2793:
2438:
2409:
2399:
2381:
795:
In 2013, more than 24 Madheshi political parties were registered for the
728:
646:
587:
569:
459:
285:
132:
17:
1851:. Springer Briefs in Anthropology. Singapore: Springer. pp. 38–41.
1807:
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies
1430:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–15.
1135:
534:
793,418 Bajjika speaking people (2.99%), including 791,737 in the Terai;
315:
141:
3404:
3369:
3364:
3314:
3252:
3083:
3055:
3050:
3040:
2717:
2414:
1300:
1273:
1024:
626:
615:
607:
593:
513:
470:
249:
237:
225:
194:
1367:
Bhuju, U. R.; Shakya, P. R.; Basnet, T. B. & Shrestha, S. (2007).
3425:
3394:
3324:
3227:
2707:
2350:
2042:"Nepal: Madhesis protest outside British embassy against 1816 treaty"
1368:
1287:
Jain, P. C. (1982). "Indians abroad: a current population estimate".
869:. Asia Report N°136. Kathmandu, Brussels: International Crisis Group.
773:
683:
675:
671:
451:
354:
217:
1623:
332:
farmers migrated to the Nepal Terai following a severe flood of the
58:
1011:
Gellner, D. N. (2007). "Caste, Ethnicity and Inequality in Nepal".
3045:
2750:
2313:
1624:"Mawdudi's Islamic Revivalist Ideology and the Islami Sangh Nepal"
921:"Masters of hybridity: how activists reconstructed Nepali society"
732:
708:
679:
667:
638:
575:
563:
455:
443:
435:
423:
413:
358:
329:
314:
257:
229:
186:
182:
145:
2282:
2251:
2205:
International Seminar on Constitutionalism and Diversity in Nepal
1190:(Second ed.). Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 58–86.
3389:
662:
463:
2286:
1207:
Many tongues, one people: the making of Tharu identity in Nepal
981:. In Gellner, D. N.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (eds.).
369:
was passed that entitled all those immigrants to obtain Nepali
3440:
1209:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 20–61.
189:. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the
625:
marriage, which is recognised by law. The largest and oldest
205:, regardless of their place of birth or residence. The term
128:
979:"Political Identity in Nepal: State, Nation and Community"
212:
Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as
1583:"Nepal's ethnic Madhesis fight for dignity and equality"
1453:"Fragmentarey parts. Competing traditions, new identity"
1686:
1684:
1682:
723:
After the Panchayat regime was abolished following the
2264:"UN: Nepal blockade puts millions of children at risk"
707:
advocated more autonomy for the Terai, recognition of
2066:
602:
with 1,379 followers, less than 900 followers of the
1356:. Kathmandu: Forum for Women, Law & Development.
3468:
3418:
3305:
3179:
3100:
3021:
2988:
2867:
2826:
2779:
2733:
2683:
2670:
2614:
2585:
2537:
2467:
2427:
2390:
2372:
2349:
2333:
2324:
1849:
The Madhesi Upsurge and the Contested Idea of Nepal
1675:. RAP publication 81. Bangkok: FAO. pp. 81–94.
1457:
Islamic Revival in Nepal: Religion and a New Nation
121:
85:
75:
65:
1329:Tarai-Madhes searching for identity based security
1260:Dastider, M. (2000). "Muslims of Nepal's Terai".
27:Indo-Aryan Nepalese ethnic group in Terai-Madhesh
2252:"Madhesh: Positive progress for Madesh in Nepal"
2174:. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.
1524:Understanding Nepal: Muslims in a plural society
1673:Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific Region
1671:. In Papademetriou, M. K.; Dent, F. J. (eds.).
1545:
1543:
1459:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 25–29.
1417:
1415:
1255:
1253:
985:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 39–78.
2256:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1752:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 179–198.
1750:Resistance and the State: Nepalese experiences
969:
967:
925:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
390:foreign women who are married to a Nepali man.
2298:
1970:
1968:
1723:. Oxon, New York: Routledge. pp. 35–57.
1598:"Ethnic Variation of Nepal's Muslim Minority"
1505:Journal of Management and Development Studies
1394:
1392:
1390:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1006:
1004:
1002:
880:Adhikari, K. P. & Gellner, D. N. (2016).
393:children of a Nepali woman and a foreign man.
8:
1886:Creating a "New Nepal": the ethnic dimension
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
51:
1402:National Population and Housing Census 2011
1038:
1036:
1034:
809:2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
3415:
3302:
3185:
3106:
2985:
2873:
2680:
2676:
2464:
2346:
2330:
2305:
2291:
2283:
1651:Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1124:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
621:Muslim Madheshis practise the traditional
57:
50:
2212:
2108:
1997:
1784:
1746:"How representative is the Nepali State?"
936:
852:
850:
848:
2067:"Alliance for Independent Madhesh (AIM)"
1047:. In Gellner, D.; Hachhethu, K. (eds.).
792:also demands independence of the Terai.
541:(2.61%), including 671,851 in the Terai.
303:in the Nepal Terai located south of the
2001:
1947:
1690:
1230:Ansari, H. (1981). "Muslims in Nepal".
1188:Regionalism and National Unity in Nepal
958:Nepal and Bhutan : country studies
844:
2187:
1959:
1943:
1871:
1788:
1772:
1702:
1628:Studies in Nepali History and Society
1526:. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
1399:Central Bureau of Statistics (2012).
1346:Shrestha, S. & Mulmi, S. (2016).
1313:
1083:
1071:
295:". However, in the context of Nepal,
7:
1719:. In Lawoti, M.; Hangen, S. (eds.).
1717:"Ethnopolitics and ethnodevelopment"
1326:Pathak, B. & Uprety, D. (2009).
788:including bombings and murders. The
384:Nepali citizenship by naturalisation
76:Regions with significant populations
31:For the Native American people, see
2194:: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (
1335:. Kathmandu: Conflict Study Center.
1232:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
284:is thought to be derived from the
181:living in the central and eastern
25:
1408:. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.
761:Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal
323:Since the late 18th century, the
38:For other uses of "Madhesi", see
2071:Alliance for Independent Madhesh
1888:. Washington: East-West Center.
1568:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00314.x
1165:Contribution to Nepalese Studies
790:Alliance for Independent Madhesh
153:
140:
127:
81:Predominantly southeastern Nepal
1826:"Who is the Madhesi subaltern?"
1666:"Crop diversification in Nepal"
765:United Democratic Madhesi Front
398:Demographics of the Nepal Terai
757:Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha
720:the Terai were not addressed.
473:pilgrimage are the shrines of
319:An agricultural field in Terai
1:
2093:"The 2013 Elections in Nepal"
2040:Press Trust of India (2016).
1289:Economic and Political Weekly
1262:Economic and Political Weekly
1013:Economic and Political Weekly
863:Nepal's Troubled Terai Region
797:Constituent Assembly of Nepal
496:at an age of 14 to 16 years.
177:) is a term used for several
2756:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
2606:Back to the Village campaign
2577:Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923
2110:10.1080/03068374.2014.909627
1923:10.1080/09700161.2011.576099
1482:Tribhuvan University Journal
386:, which can be acquired by:
3134:South Asian Free Trade Area
2019:South Asia Terrorism Portal
834:Great Bengal famine of 1770
3606:
3248:Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
2015:"Nepal Timeline Year 2004"
1184:"Migration into the Tarai"
1104:. Poona: Prasad Prakashan.
858:International Crisis Group
741:political parties in Nepal
382:contains provisions for a
380:Constitution of Nepal 2015
29:
3534:
3188:
3109:
2876:
2679:
1244:10.1080/02666958108715821
1203:"The Tharu and the Tarai"
1096:Apte, V. S. (1957–1959).
898:10.1017/S0026749X15000438
560:with 11,308,620 followers
479:Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud
174:
126:
90:
80:
70:
56:
2145:"The endless transition"
2126:"The India-Nepal Crisis"
1748:. In Gellner, D. (ed.).
1622:Sijapati, M. A. (2012).
1451:Sijapati, M. A. (2011).
1424:"Peoples and migrations"
566:with 1,105,533 followers
40:Madhesi (disambiguation)
2906:Chief of the Army Staff
2364:Maya (mother of Buddha)
1715:Bhattachan, K. (2013).
1550:Sijapati, M.A. (2011).
938:10.1111/1467-9655.13025
919:Gellner, D. N. (2019).
418:A temple in Simraungadh
3590:Ethnic groups in Nepal
3233:International rankings
1744:Krämer, K.-H. (2007).
1664:Sharma, K. C. (2001).
1201:Guneratne, A. (2002).
952:Savada, A. M. (1991).
748:Nepal Sadbhawana Party
584:with 137,723 followers
578:with 190,458 followers
572:with 472,469 followers
504:Madheshi people speak
419:
320:
191:Pahari people of Nepal
179:ethnic groups in Nepal
2918:Provincial assemblies
2615:Multi-party democracy
1824:Dixit, K. M. (2017).
1522:Dastider, M. (2007).
1499:Gupta, A. K. (2019).
1422:Whelpton, J. (2005).
1182:Gaige, F. H. (1975).
1156:Dahal, D. R. (1983).
1043:Dahal, D. R. (2008).
954:"Caste and Ethnicity"
829:Demographics of Nepal
590:with 63,747 followers
417:
367:Nepal Citizenship Act
318:
3013:Rural Municipalities
2968:Council of Ministers
2886:Constituent Assembly
2561:Treaty of Thapathali
2482:Prithvi Narayan Shah
2165:Miklian, J. (2009).
2091:Gellner, D. (2014).
886:Modern Asian Studies
705:Nepal Terai Congress
596:with 2,169 followers
539:Urdu-speaking people
252:speaking people and
2143:Mahato, R. (2016).
1975:Pandey, K. (2017).
1884:Hangen, S. (2007).
1581:Khalid, S. (2016).
817:2015 Nepal blockade
475:Ajmer Sharif Dargah
53:
3486:Capital punishment
3152:Telecommunications
2768:Siliguri Corridor
2648:2015 earthquake -
2233:Kabir, H. (2012).
2222:Kabir, H. (2013).
1981:The South Asianist
1911:Strategic Analysis
1845:"Tarai and Madhes"
1803:"On Being Madhesi"
1801:Yadav, R. (2010).
1596:Thapa, S. (2000).
1428:A History of Nepal
753:Nepalese Civil War
606:and less than 500
420:
321:
3577:
3576:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3518:Human trafficking
3464:
3463:
3175:
3174:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
2925:Political parties
2896:Foreign relations
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2567:Lamjang and Kaski
2552:Jung Bahadur Rana
2529:Treaty of Sugauli
2423:
2422:
2181:978-82-7288-309-5
2124:Ojha, H. (2015).
1858:978-981-10-2926-4
1787:, pp. 9–10;
1775:, pp. 13–14.
1533:978-81-241-1271-7
1437:978-0-521-80470-7
1380:978-92-9115-033-5
1019:(20): 1823–1828.
725:People's Movement
713:national language
490:primary education
293:Vindhya mountains
254:indigenous people
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
3597:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3416:
3303:
3186:
3142:
3107:
3069:
2986:
2961:
2874:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2771:
2770:(Chicken's Neck)
2746:Kathmandu Valley
2681:
2677:
2632:2005 coup d'état
2601:Panchayat system
2524:Balbhadra Kunwar
2497:Kingdom of Nepal
2465:
2347:
2331:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2259:
2240:
2229:
2218:
2216:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2173:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1843:Jha, K. (2017).
1840:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1798:
1792:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1556:Religion Compass
1547:
1538:
1537:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1385:
1384:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1119:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1008:
997:
996:
971:
962:
961:
949:
943:
942:
940:
916:
910:
909:
892:(6): 2009–2040.
877:
871:
870:
868:
854:
803:Indian influence
659:Chitwan district
301:Madhesh Province
176:
157:
144:
131:
66:Total population
61:
54:
43:
36:
21:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3522:
3460:
3414:
3360:Maghe Sankranti
3301:
3265:Public holidays
3228:Gurkhas/Gorkhas
3171:
3140:
3088:
3067:
3017:
2984:
2959:
2855:
2846:Protected areas
2822:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2775:
2769:
2763:Tibetan Plateau
2741:Cities of Nepal
2729:
2658:
2642:Jana Andolan II
2610:
2596:1951 revolution
2581:
2533:
2519:Anglo-Nepal War
2469:Early Shah rule
2463:
2431:
2429:
2419:
2392:Lichchhavi rule
2386:
2368:
2351:Shakya Republic
2345:
2320:
2311:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2250:
2247:
2232:
2221:
2214:10.1.1.694.9316
2202:
2186:
2182:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1942:
1938:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1680:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1605:ISIM Newsletter
1600:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1562:(11): 656–665.
1549:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1268:(10): 766–769.
1259:
1258:
1251:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1010:
1009:
1000:
993:
973:
972:
965:
951:
950:
946:
918:
917:
913:
879:
878:
874:
866:
856:
855:
846:
842:
825:
805:
696:
655:
551:
502:
412:
400:
313:
278:
199:Nepali language
167:Madheshi people
52:Madheshi people
49:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3603:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:Chasok Tangnam
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:Buddha Jayanti
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3335:Dipankha Yatra
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3008:Municipalities
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2954:Prime Minister
2951:
2950:
2949:
2947:Vice President
2939:
2937:Heads of state
2934:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Climate change
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2689:
2687:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2627:Royal massacre
2624:
2622:Jana Andolan I
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:Post-Rana and
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Sino-Nepal War
2506:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:Gorkha Kingdom
2473:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2454:Chaubisi Rajya
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2374:Kirata kingdom
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2359:Gautama Buddha
2355:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2260:
2246:
2245:External links
2243:
2242:
2241:
2230:
2219:
2200:
2180:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2135:
2116:
2103:(2): 243–261.
2083:
2058:
2046:Indian Express
2032:
2006:
1998:Hachhethu 2007
1990:
1964:
1952:
1946:, p. 12;
1936:
1917:(4): 640–660.
1901:
1894:
1876:
1864:
1857:
1835:
1816:
1793:
1785:Hachhethu 2007
1777:
1765:
1758:
1736:
1729:
1707:
1695:
1678:
1656:
1637:
1614:
1588:
1573:
1539:
1532:
1514:
1491:
1472:
1465:
1443:
1436:
1411:
1386:
1379:
1359:
1338:
1318:
1306:
1295:(8): 299–304.
1279:
1249:
1238:(3): 138–158.
1222:
1215:
1193:
1174:
1141:
1107:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1057:
1030:
998:
991:
963:
944:
931:(2): 265–284.
911:
872:
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
831:
824:
821:
804:
801:
695:
692:
666:Terai include
654:
651:
629:is located in
612:
611:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
550:
547:
543:
542:
535:
532:
529:
501:
498:
411:
408:
399:
396:
395:
394:
391:
312:
309:
299:refers to the
277:
274:
162:
161:
124:
123:
119:
118:
88:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3602:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Gyalpo Lhosar
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:Ethnic groups
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Nepal Academy
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2978:Chief Justice
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:Supreme Court
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Deforestation
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Mount Everest
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Bhimsen Thapa
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2459:Newa kingdoms
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Khasa kingdom
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2426:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:Asian Affairs
2094:
2087:
2084:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:, p. 5;
1999:
1994:
1991:
1987:(1): 304–322.
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:, p. 20.
1961:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1895:9781932728620
1891:
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1759:9788187358084
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1730:9780415780971
1726:
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1699:
1696:
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1687:
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1683:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1653:(6): 251–255.
1652:
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1625:
1618:
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1606:
1599:
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1466:9781136701344
1462:
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1371:
1363:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1316:, p. 14.
1315:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
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1283:
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1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:"मध्य madhya"
1092:
1089:
1086:, p. 11.
1085:
1080:
1077:
1074:, p. 10.
1073:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1058:9788132100164
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
994:
992:9789057020896
988:
984:
980:
976:
970:
968:
964:
959:
955:
948:
945:
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934:
930:
926:
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907:
903:
899:
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891:
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883:
876:
873:
865:
864:
859:
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851:
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832:
830:
827:
826:
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777:
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771:
766:
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331:
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317:
310:
308:
306:
305:Siwalik Hills
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
262:Uttar Pradesh
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:ethnic groups
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
203:mother tongue
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
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101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
60:
55:
46:
41:
34:
19:
3555:Bibliography
3496:Human rights
3419:Celebrations
3385:Sonam Lhosar
3345:Yomari Punhi
3290:Christianity
3203:Demographics
3124:Child labour
2881:Constitution
2703:Kanchenjunga
2547:Kot massacre
2272:. Retrieved
2267:
2255:
2235:
2224:
2204:
2167:
2159:Bibliography
2151:. Kathmandu.
2149:Nepali Times
2148:
2138:
2130:The Diplomat
2129:
2119:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2018:
2009:
2004:, p. 15
2002:Miklian 2009
1993:
1984:
1980:
1955:
1948:Miklian 2009
1939:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1874:, p. 8.
1867:
1848:
1838:
1832:. Kathmandu.
1830:Nepali Times
1829:
1819:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1791:, p. 19
1780:
1768:
1749:
1739:
1720:
1710:
1705:, p. 7.
1698:
1693:, p. 3.
1691:Miklian 2009
1672:
1659:
1650:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1585:. Aljazeera.
1576:
1559:
1555:
1523:
1517:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1456:
1446:
1427:
1401:
1369:
1362:
1348:
1341:
1328:
1321:
1309:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1265:
1261:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1206:
1196:
1187:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1127:
1123:
1101:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1048:
1016:
1012:
982:
975:Whelpton, J.
957:
947:
928:
924:
914:
889:
885:
875:
862:
806:
794:
782:
778:
745:
722:
697:
656:
631:Krishnanagar
620:
613:
604:Baháʼí Faith
582:Christianity
552:
544:
503:
487:
468:
421:
405:
401:
364:
343:Rana dynasty
322:
296:
288:
281:
279:
270:Tharu people
211:
206:
193:to refer to
166:
165:
149:
136:
111:
103:
95:
48:Ethnic group
45:
33:Madesi tribe
3481:Witch-hunts
3436:Bratabandha
3380:Tamu Lhosar
3114:Agriculture
2828:Environment
2557:Tibetan War
2487:Unification
2449:Baise Rajya
2274:25 December
1950:, p. 5
1813:(1): 65–68.
1634:(1): 41–61.
1130:: 802–833.
371:citizenship
365:In 1952, a
339:Immigration
334:Koshi River
325:Shah rulers
289:madhya desh
266:West Bengal
214:Hindu caste
197:with a non-
3218:Literature
3141:(currency)
3066:Kathmandu
3036:Biratnagar
2913:Parliament
2818:West Rapti
2796:(Ghaghara)
2713:Dhaulagiri
2492:Kalu Pande
2405:Amshuverma
2341:Bhadrabahu
1960:Kabir 2012
1944:Kabir 2012
1872:Kabir 2012
1789:Kabir 2013
1773:Kabir 2013
1703:Kabir 2012
1314:Kabir 2012
1216:0801487285
1171:(1): 1–20.
1084:Kabir 2013
1072:Kabir 2013
840:References
813:hydropower
807:After the
737:Nepal Army
351:Rajbanshis
185:region of
71:13,318,705
3307:Festivals
3213:Languages
3208:Education
3167:Workforce
3162:Transport
3147:Squatting
3129:Companies
3079:Nepalgunj
3068:(capital)
3031:Bharatpur
3003:Provinces
2998:Districts
2990:Divisions
2942:President
2930:Communism
2891:Elections
2812:(Gandaki)
2810:Narayani
2723:Annapurna
2693:Himalayas
2685:Mountains
2672:Geography
2637:Civil war
2588:Panchayat
2572:Tribhuvan
2539:Rana rule
2209:CiteSeerX
2190:cite book
1931:154365607
906:146986746
786:terrorism
717:Panchayat
701:Kathmandu
688:jackfruit
637:teaching
549:Religions
500:Languages
483:Rajasthan
448:Kshatriya
280:The word
276:Etymology
201:as their
159:Christian
86:Languages
18:Mahadhesi
3584:Category
3564:Category
3501:Intersex
3476:Abortion
3456:Antyesti
3451:Shraddha
3350:Gadhimai
3280:Buddhism
3275:Hinduism
3270:Religion
3074:Lalitpur
3061:Janakpur
2901:Military
2869:Politics
2851:Wildlife
2794:Karnali
2502:Monarchs
2439:Arimalla
2428:Medieval
2410:Bhrikuti
2400:Manadeva
2382:Yalamber
2318:articles
2268:BBC News
2076:17 April
2051:17 April
2025:17 April
1511:: 61–68.
1488:: 78–87.
1136:44148000
977:(1997).
860:(2007).
823:See also
776:people.
729:literacy
694:Politics
647:endogamy
635:Mawlawis
588:Prakriti
570:Buddhism
558:Hinduism
537:691,546
510:Bhojpuri
506:Maithili
460:Kushwaha
286:Sanskrit
242:Bhojpuri
238:Maithils
232:people,
222:Marwaris
216:groups,
207:Madheshi
133:Hinduism
122:Religion
100:Bhojpuri
92:Maithili
3541:Outline
3405:Chhechu
3370:Ubhauli
3365:Udhauli
3315:Dashain
3193:Cuisine
3181:Culture
3157:Tourism
3102:Economy
3084:Pokhara
3056:Itahari
3051:Hetauda
3041:Birgunj
2718:Manaslu
2415:Araniko
2334:Ancient
2326:History
2258:. 2019.
1301:4370703
1274:4408986
1025:4419601
653:Cuisine
627:madrasa
616:animism
594:Jainism
514:Bajjika
494:married
471:ziyarat
440:Kalawar
432:Brahman
410:Culture
355:Dhimals
311:History
297:Madhesh
282:madhesh
250:Bajjika
226:Brahmin
218:Muslims
195:Nepalis
108:Bajjika
3569:Portal
3491:Health
3469:Issues
3426:Nwaran
3395:Chhath
3330:Swonti
3325:Mohani
3253:People
3139:Rupee
3119:Energy
3023:Cities
2804:(Kosi)
2802:Koshi
2781:Rivers
2708:Makalu
2432:modern
2316:
2270:. 2015
2211:
2178:
2021:. 2004
1929:
1892:
1855:
1756:
1727:
1530:
1463:
1434:
1377:
1299:
1272:
1213:
1134:
1055:
1023:
989:
904:
774:Muslim
733:Dalits
684:banana
676:papaya
672:lychee
643:Hadith
522:Awadhi
452:Kumhar
375:Nepali
347:Tharus
330:Bihari
246:Awadhi
171:Nepali
150:·
148:
137:·
135:
112:·
110:
104:·
102:
96:·
94:
3548:Index
3511:Women
3446:Bahra
3431:Pasni
3410:Jatra
3320:Tihar
3297:Sport
3285:Islam
3238:Media
3223:Music
3046:Damak
2751:Terai
2734:Areas
2650:April
2314:Nepal
2172:(PDF)
1927:S2CID
1669:(PDF)
1611:: 18.
1601:(PDF)
1406:(PDF)
1354:(PDF)
1333:(PDF)
1297:JSTOR
1270:JSTOR
1161:(PDF)
1132:JSTOR
1021:JSTOR
902:S2CID
867:(PDF)
770:Tharu
711:as a
709:Hindi
680:guava
668:mango
639:Quran
623:nikah
608:Sikhs
576:Kirat
564:Islam
456:Kurmi
444:Kewat
436:Dhobi
428:Bania
424:caste
359:Awadh
258:Bihar
236:like
230:Dalit
187:Nepal
183:Terai
175:मधेशी
152:
146:Islam
139:
114:
106:
98:
3506:LGBT
3390:Holi
3197:wine
2960:list
2789:Arun
2276:2015
2196:link
2176:ISBN
2078:2017
2053:2017
2027:2017
1890:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1486:XVII
1461:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1053:ISBN
987:ISBN
772:and
759:and
746:The
739:and
686:and
663:Rice
641:and
520:and
518:Urdu
477:and
464:Teli
462:and
353:and
264:and
248:and
228:and
116:Urdu
3441:Ihi
3340:Eid
2654:May
2430:and
2105:doi
1919:doi
1564:doi
1350:190
1240:doi
933:doi
894:doi
600:Bon
481:in
3586::
2652:-
2266:.
2254:.
2192:}}
2188:{{
2147:.
2128:.
2101:45
2099:.
2095:.
2069:.
2044:.
2017:.
1983:.
1979:.
1967:^
1925:.
1915:35
1913:.
1847:.
1828:.
1811:29
1809:.
1805:.
1681:^
1649:.
1632:17
1630:.
1626:.
1607:.
1603:.
1558:.
1554:.
1542:^
1509:29
1507:.
1503:.
1484:.
1455:.
1426:.
1414:^
1389:^
1293:17
1291:.
1266:35
1264:.
1252:^
1234:.
1205:.
1186:.
1169:11
1167:.
1163:.
1144:^
1128:67
1126:.
1110:^
1100:.
1033:^
1017:42
1015:.
1001:^
966:^
956:.
929:25
927:.
923:.
900:.
890:50
888:.
884:.
847:^
690:.
682:,
678:,
674:,
670:,
649:.
633:.
618:.
516:,
512:,
508:,
466:.
458:,
454:,
450:,
446:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
349:,
307:.
268:.
260:,
244:,
240:,
224:,
220:,
173::
3199:)
3195:(
2563:)
2559:(
2306:e
2299:t
2292:v
2278:.
2217:.
2198:)
2184:.
2132:.
2113:.
2107::
2080:.
2055:.
2029:.
1985:5
1933:.
1921::
1898:.
1861:.
1762:.
1733:.
1609:6
1570:.
1566::
1560:5
1536:.
1469:.
1440:.
1383:.
1303:.
1276:.
1246:.
1242::
1236:2
1219:.
1138:.
1061:.
1027:.
995:.
941:.
935::
908:.
896::
610:.
169:(
42:.
35:.
20:)
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