31:
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929:
1468:
1455:
78:
1445:
915:
The Mahīśāsaka prejudice against women is based upon the traditional view of women. Like some of the other early
Buddhist practitioners, they did not trust women, even nuns. This explains why they restricted nuns' social and religious activities in the sangha. Sometimes they liken the nuns' existence
898:
Māra said, "I have not even heard that a woman can be reborn as a cakravartin; how can you be reborn as a Buddha? It takes too long to attain
Buddhahood, why not seek for Arhatship and attain nirvāṇa soon?" Nāgadatta replied, "I also have heard that a woman cannot be reborn as a cakravartin, a Sakra,
857:
Māra therefore took the disguise of Nāgadatta's father and said thus to Nāgadatta: "Your thought is too serious. Buddhahood is too difficult to attain. It takes a hundred thousand nayutas of kotis of kalpas to become a Buddha. Since few people attain
Buddhahood in this world, why don't you attain
605:
sufficiently obvious that Asaṅga had been a Mahīśāsaka when he was a young monk, and that he incorporated a large part of the doctrinal opinions proper to this school within his own work after he became a great master of the
899:
a Brahma, and a Buddha, and yet I shall make the right effort to transform a woman's body into a man's. For I have heard that those Noble Ones, by the practice of bodhisattvacarya for a hundred thousand nayutas of kotis of
695:, contains a very similar passage corroborating this information. In both sources, members of the Mahīśāsaka sect are described as wearing blue robes. The relevant portion of the
2209:
545:
were the older sect out of which the Mahīśāsakas emerged. Buswell and Lopez also state that the Mahīśāsaka was an offshoot of the Sarvāstivādins, but group the school under the
907:
The Mahīśāsakas believed that women essentially could not change the nature of their minds or physical bodies, and would cause the teachings of
Buddhism to decline. Of this,
729:. They disagreed with the Dharmaguptakas on this point, as the Dharmaguptakas believed that a giving a gift to the Buddha is more meritorious than giving one to the Saṃgha.
1599:
3352:
645:
together as sub-sects of the Sarvāstivāda, and stated that these three were not prevalent in the "five parts of India", but were located in the some parts of
1569:
1677:
1434:
458:
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3396:
3128:
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1579:
1113:
1762:
1604:
3939:
3836:
3386:
1481:
1412:
1403:
1385:
1283:
1257:
1216:
1087:
1048:
985:
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870:
A Buddha's wisdom is like empty space of the ten quarters, which can enlighten innumerable people. But an Arhat's wisdom is inferior.
1682:
1825:
3614:
3359:
512:
sect is thought to have branched out from the Mahīśāsaka sect toward the end of the 2nd or the beginning of the 1st century BCE.
4100:
4006:
3996:
1318:
India in Early
Central Asia: a Survey of Indian Scripts, Languages and Literatures in Central Asia of the First Millennium A.D
3951:
3604:
3406:
3297:
3242:
1815:
483:
3921:
3619:
3302:
1594:
1427:
1108:. Berkeley, CA: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
874:
The Mahīśāsaka sect held that there were five obstacles that were laid before women. These are that they may not become a
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116:
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2486:
1609:
1958:
818:
3934:
3747:
3737:
3609:
2592:
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1933:
1908:
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3205:
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3176:
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1993:
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778:
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3287:
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3024:
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2316:
1998:
1948:
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in Sri Lanka, c. 406 CE. The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya was then translated into
Chinese in 434 CE by Buddhajiva and
505:
444:
58:
721:
The Mahīśāsaka sect held that everything exists, but only in the present. They also regarded a gift to the
696:
282:
3986:
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3464:
3237:
3188:
3029:
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2199:
947:
774:
567:
501:
277:
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231:
3991:
3961:
3542:
3474:
3307:
3222:
3217:
3141:
3136:
3054:
1584:
2607:
703:
3124:
2264:
1106:
Buddhist monastic traditions of
Southern Asia: a record of the inner law sent home from the South Seas
4014:
3981:
3966:
3854:
3484:
3381:
3327:
3212:
3151:
3119:
3114:
3099:
3084:
3074:
3039:
2952:
2644:
2567:
2469:
2338:
2140:
1878:
1870:
1810:
1559:
1526:
1476:
837:, the Mahīśāsaka view is criticized in a narrative about a bhikṣuṇī named Nāgadatta. Here, the demon
766:
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region of India. Their founder was a monk named Purāṇa, who is venerated at length in the Mahīśāsaka
287:
207:
182:
95:
1795:
1722:
551:, "a broad designation for non-Sarvastivada strands of the Sthaviranikaya", which also included the
520:
There are two general accounts of the circumstances surrounding the origins of the Mahīśāsakas. The
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2015:
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111:
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3282:
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3232:
3227:
3166:
3146:
3109:
3034:
2839:
2540:
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2342:
2284:
2125:
2025:
1953:
1928:
1574:
1504:
1233:
38:
642:
405:
355:
326:
30:
1800:
811:
sect as well for its compilation, and in this sūtra there are many elements in common with the
618:
The Mahīśāsaka are believed to have spread from the
Northwest down to Southern India including
387:
121:
4062:
4024:
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3705:
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3426:
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2442:
2289:
2274:
2145:
2068:
1988:
1923:
1855:
1742:
1700:
1499:
1399:
1381:
1279:
1253:
1212:
1109:
1083:
1044:
981:
722:
715:
675:
650:
475:
304:
254:
249:
2789:
1041:
Researches in Indian and
Buddhist philosophy : essays in honour of Professor Alex Wayman
841:
takes the form of her father, and tries to convince her to work toward the lower stage of an
799:, in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, by an order of Mahīśāsaka bhikkhus that flourished in the
339:
3710:
3663:
3658:
3514:
3479:
3454:
3449:
3200:
3156:
3069:
2744:
2400:
2393:
2177:
2167:
2053:
1717:
1589:
908:
808:
684:
382:
292:
146:
2809:
1973:
1963:
1727:
4074:
4019:
3971:
3899:
3769:
3567:
3547:
3489:
3401:
3064:
2962:
2545:
2528:
2513:
2491:
2043:
1913:
1747:
952:
934:
833:
The Mahīśāsaka sect believed that it was not possible for women to become buddhas. In the
2819:
2533:
1780:
1643:
1166:
The
Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vol. IX: Buddhist philosophy from 350 to 600 AD.
598:
547:
394:
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alongside the Theravāda, into which these members were later absorbed. It is known that
4029:
3732:
3582:
3364:
2944:
2924:
2844:
2523:
2457:
2432:
2294:
726:
619:
559:
377:
172:
87:
2957:
2257:
2247:
673:
came to China and translated a work which describes the color of monastic robes (Skt.
101:
4089:
3799:
3648:
2859:
2717:
2518:
2496:
2103:
1898:
1893:
1785:
1619:
1454:
796:
638:
509:
419:
369:
217:
3844:
2749:
2627:
1983:
1978:
817:. The earliest of these translations show traces of having been translated from the
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3874:
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3421:
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2410:
2237:
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1444:
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838:
770:
627:
542:
530:
346:
131:
77:
2672:
2657:
2617:
1554:
975:
813:
177:
141:
3859:
3849:
3688:
2829:
2814:
2597:
2405:
2333:
2113:
1943:
1845:
1692:
1564:
630:, the Indian Mahīśāsaka sect also established itself in Sri Lanka alongside the
331:
192:
42:
4069:
2003:
1378:
Three Mountains and Seven Rivers: Prof. Musashi Tachikawa's felicitation volume
928:
3804:
3762:
3638:
3444:
3369:
2983:
2967:
2929:
2909:
2824:
2804:
2779:
2687:
2622:
2602:
2348:
2279:
2150:
2033:
1938:
1888:
1820:
1546:
1536:
1509:
924:
887:
594:
590:
126:
45:
2118:
3779:
3752:
2919:
2794:
2506:
2422:
2299:
2189:
2162:
2155:
2075:
2038:
1805:
1770:
1737:
1712:
1667:
822:
821:, a Prakrit used in the Northwest. It is also known that manuscripts in the
750:
670:
631:
623:
552:
525:
521:
399:
212:
3552:
2388:
2242:
2008:
1790:
1659:
1651:
197:
2314:
847:
17:
3909:
3864:
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3774:
3678:
3337:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2869:
2849:
2784:
2702:
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2562:
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2194:
2182:
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1830:
1752:
1449:
800:
758:
736:
between death and rebirth, but later Mahīśāsakas accepted this doctrine.
646:
607:
586:
574:
504:
according to some records. Its origins may go back to the dispute in the
299:
202:
69:
34:
1082:(3rd rev. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd.
593:, received ordination into the Mahīśāsaka sect. Asaṅga's frameworks for
3814:
3757:
3742:
2889:
2879:
2854:
2729:
2724:
2682:
2652:
2584:
2550:
2501:
2437:
2378:
2373:
2269:
2227:
2130:
1968:
1918:
1705:
1531:
859:
666:
578:
316:
239:
152:
136:
106:
3894:
3879:
3715:
3577:
3557:
3332:
2994:
2874:
2864:
2799:
2427:
2383:
2368:
2358:
2328:
2309:
2252:
2135:
1903:
1775:
1519:
1514:
883:
762:
754:
582:
563:
493:
244:
866:
In her reply, Nāgadatta rejects arhatship as a lower path, saying,
732:
The earlier Mahīśāsakas appear to have not held the doctrine of an
4034:
3869:
3727:
3693:
3673:
3643:
3572:
2989:
2834:
2712:
2707:
2677:
2632:
2479:
2474:
2353:
2058:
1883:
1850:
1840:
858:
Arhatship? For the experience of Arhatship is the same as that of
842:
773:. This translation of the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya remains extant in the
733:
654:
29:
610:, when he made up what can be considered as a new and Mahāyānist
3904:
2697:
2363:
1860:
1176:
1174:
1416:
558:
The Mahīśāsaka sect is thought to have first originated in the
3562:
2098:
1027:
Seven Works Of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor.
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1160:
1158:
1250:
Indian Buddhism : a survey with bibliographical notes
1149:
Sects & Sectarianism (The Origins of Buddhist Schools)
1235:
The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalog (T 1421)
1130:
1128:
1126:
1211:(Rev. ed.). Hacienda Heights, CA: Buddha's Light.
679:) utilized in five major Indian Buddhist sects, called
749:
The Indian Mahīśāsaka sect also established itself in
597:
writings retained many underlying Mahīśāsaka traits.
4005:
3920:
3835:
3533:
3435:
3318:
3015:
2943:
2770:
2643:
2583:
2218:
2084:
2024:
1869:
1761:
1691:
1545:
1490:
1252:(1st Indian ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1304:Indian Buddhism: A Survey With Biographical Notes.
1276:Mahāyāna Buddhism : the doctrinal foundations
890:. This Mahīśāsaka view is ascribed to Māra in the
845:, rather than that of a fully enlightened buddha (
577:, the Mahīśāsaka are known to have been active in
529:asserts that the Mahīśāsaka sect gave rise to the
725:as being more meritorious than one given to the
691:). Another text translated at a later date, the
1209:Humanistic Buddhism : a blueprint for life
913:
896:
868:
855:
706:, and penetrate deeply. They wear blue robes."
603:
1428:
1367:Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2013),
980:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
581:in the 4th century CE. Xuanzang records that
487:
452:
8:
2210:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1013:
1001:
862:; moreover, it is easy to attain Arhatship."
825:script existed in China during this period.
1376:Hino, Shoun; Wada, Toshihiro, eds. (2004),
1298:
1296:
641:grouped the Mahīśāsaka, Dharmaguptaka, and
1435:
1421:
1413:
1350:
1338:
718:were to be meditated upon simultaneously.
459:
445:
51:
1134:
969:
967:
3397:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
963:
702:reads, "The Mahīśāsaka school practice
634:, into which they were later absorbed.
67:
3600:List of Buddhist architecture in China
916:to hail which damages a good harvest.
803:region. It is likely that the longer
7:
1369:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1151:. Santi Forest Monastery. p. i.
37:Mahīśāsakas are associated with the
1278:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
622:, and even as far as the island of
3387:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1316:Mukherjee, Bratindra Nath (1996).
789:It is believed that the Mahāyāna
714:According to the Mahīśāsakas, the
25:
1104:Yijing (2000). Li, Rongxi (ed.).
4068:
4058:
4057:
3615:Thai temple art and architecture
3360:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1600:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1466:
1453:
1443:
927:
589:master and the elder brother of
76:
1467:
1039:Sharma, Ram Karan, ed. (1993).
977:Buddhist sects and sectarianism
795:was compiled in the age of the
3605:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3407:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2487:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1678:Places where the Buddha stayed
1380:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
1043:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
903:diligently attain Buddhahood."
488:
1:
3620:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1182:The Essence of Scholasticism.
3377:Buddhism and the Roman world
3353:Decline of Buddhism in India
3348:History of Buddhism in India
1448: Topics in
1371:, Princeton University Press
665:Between 148 and 170 CE, the
566:, which is preserved in the
2575:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2315:
1398:, New York: Paragon House,
1396:Buddhist Thought and Ritual
848:
4117:
3525:The unanswerable questions
1394:Kalupahana, David (2001),
27:Buddhist school of thought
4053:
3610:Buddhist temples in Korea
2173:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2076:Three planes of existence
1683:Buddha in world religions
1462:
1248:Nakamura, Hajime (1987).
688:
479:
3392:Persecution of Buddhists
2613:Four stages of awakening
1994:Three marks of existence
1580:Physical characteristics
1066:Buddhist Sects in India.
1014:Buswell & Lopez 2013
1002:Buswell & Lopez 2013
974:Baruah, Bibhuti (2000).
539:Samayabhedoparacanacakra
533:sect. However, both the
492:; ;
2755:Ten principal disciples
1638:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1274:Williams, Paul (2009).
894:of the Sarvāstivādins:
761:copy of the Mahīśāsaka
637:In the 7th century CE,
506:Second Buddhist council
4101:Early Buddhist schools
3465:Buddhism and democracy
2978:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2973:Chinese Buddhist canon
2205:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2200:Early Buddhist schools
1078:Warder, A. K. (2000).
948:Early Buddhist schools
918:
905:
872:
864:
775:Chinese Buddhist canon
681:Da Biqiu Sanqian Weiyi
616:
568:Chinese Buddhist canon
502:early Buddhist schools
278:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
269:Early Buddhist schools
232:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
49:
3475:Eight Consciousnesses
1585:Life of Buddha in art
573:From the writings of
33:
3952:East Asian religions
3382:Buddhism in the West
2953:Early Buddhist texts
2568:Four Right Exertions
2034:Ten spiritual realms
1527:Noble Eightfold Path
1135:Hino & Wada 2004
807:owed greatly to the
151:Tibetan EBTs in the
96:Early Buddhist Texts
4075:Religion portal
3822:Temple of the Tooth
3701:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2740:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2233:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2016:Two truths doctrine
1836:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1636:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1180:Willemen, Charles.
943:Schools of Buddhism
792:Infinite Life Sutra
700:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
693:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
535:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
484:traditional Chinese
188:Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
3997:Western philosophy
3595:Dzong architecture
3417:Vipassana movement
3412:Buddhist modernism
2840:Emperor Wen of Sui
2608:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2541:Threefold Training
2343:Vipassana movement
2059:Hungry Ghost realm
1879:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1826:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1575:Great Renunciation
1570:Eight Great Events
1452:
1302:Nakamura, Hajime.
1207:Hsing Yun (2008).
1064:Dutt, Nalinaksha.
734:intermediate state
240:Kingdom of Magadha
50:
4083:
4082:
3721:Om mani padme hum
3427:Women in Buddhism
3343:Buddhist councils
3213:Western countries
3001:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2762:Shaolin Monastery
2339:Samatha-vipassanā
1949:Pratītyasamutpāda
1753:Metteyya/Maitreya
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1500:Four Noble Truths
1115:978-1-886439-09-2
1068:1998. pp. 122–123
1025:Anacker, Stefan.
819:Gāndhārī language
767:Abhayagiri vihāra
745:Mahīśāsaka Vinaya
716:Four Noble Truths
651:Kingdom of Khotan
612:Abhidharma-piṭaka
469:
468:
255:Buddhist councils
250:Moggaliputtatissa
16:(Redirected from
4108:
4073:
4072:
4061:
4060:
3900:Sacred languages
3748:Maya Devi Temple
3711:Mahabodhi Temple
3515:Secular Buddhism
3480:Engaged Buddhism
2320:
2168:Tibetan Buddhism
2119:Vietnamese Thiền
1718:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1390:
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1354:
1348:
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1222:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1147:Bhikkhu Sujato.
1144:
1138:
1132:
1121:
1119:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
991:
971:
937:
932:
931:
909:David Kalupahana
851:
779:Taishō Tripiṭaka
690:
541:record that the
500:) is one of the
491:
490:
481:
461:
454:
447:
383:Mulasarvastivada
147:Śālistamba Sūtra
80:
63:
57:
52:
21:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4067:
4049:
4001:
3916:
3831:
3568:Ordination hall
3529:
3431:
3402:Buddhist crisis
3314:
3011:
2963:Mahayana sutras
2939:
2935:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2766:
2639:
2579:
2529:Bodhisattva vow
2214:
2080:
2020:
1979:Taṇhā (Craving)
1914:Five hindrances
1865:
1757:
1687:
1541:
1486:
1458:
1441:
1411:
1406:
1393:
1388:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1351:Kalupahana 2001
1349:
1345:
1339:Kalupahana 2001
1337:
1326:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1195:Indian Buddhism
1192:
1188:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1124:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1080:Indian Buddhism
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
973:
972:
965:
961:
953:Nikaya Buddhism
935:Religion portal
933:
926:
923:
892:Nāgadatta Sūtra
849:samyaksaṃbuddha
835:Nāgadatta Sūtra
831:
787:
747:
742:
712:
663:
626:. According to
585:, an important
518:
465:
436:
435:
434:
433:
271:
261:
260:
259:
234:
224:
223:
222:
167:
159:
158:
157:
90:
61:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4114:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4096:Nikaya schools
4088:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3632:Greco-Buddhist
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3583:Burmese pagoda
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3365:Greco-Buddhism
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:United Kingdom
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Czech Republic
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3007:Abhidharmadīpa
3004:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:B. R. Ambedkar
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Songtsen Gampo
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Eight precepts
2521:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2295:Five Strengths
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1934:Mental factors
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1786:Mahamoggallāna
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1701:Avalokiteśvara
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1410:
1409:
1405:978-0892260898
1404:
1391:
1387:978-8120824683
1386:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1353:, p. 113.
1343:
1341:, p. 109.
1324:
1308:
1292:
1285:978-0415356534
1284:
1266:
1259:978-8120802728
1258:
1240:
1225:
1218:978-1932293333
1217:
1199:
1197:. 2000. p. 280
1186:
1170:
1164:Potter, Karl.
1154:
1139:
1122:
1114:
1096:
1089:978-8120817418
1088:
1070:
1057:
1050:978-8120809949
1049:
1031:
1018:
1016:, p. 859.
1006:
1004:, p. 516.
994:
987:978-8176251525
986:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
950:
945:
939:
938:
922:
919:
830:
829:Views on women
827:
805:Sukhāvatīvyūha
786:
785:Mahāyāna works
783:
746:
743:
741:
738:
711:
708:
662:
659:
620:Nāgārjunakoṇḍā
543:Sarvāstivādins
517:
514:
467:
466:
464:
463:
456:
449:
441:
438:
437:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
427:
426:
425:
424:
423:
409:
402:
392:
391:
390:
385:
380:
375:
374:
373:
359:
352:
344:
343:
342:
337:
324:
323:
322:
319:
314:
313:
312:
307:
297:
296:
295:
288:Ekavyāvahārika
274:
273:
272:
267:
266:
263:
262:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
183:Mahāmoggallāna
180:
175:
173:Gautama Buddha
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
117:Gandhāran EBTs
114:
109:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
85:
82:
81:
73:
72:
65:
64:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4113:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3837:Miscellaneous
3834:
3828:
3827:Vegetarianism
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:Buddha in art
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:United States
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:Padmasambhava
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2772:Major figures
2769:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:Western tulku
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Five precepts
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:Dhamma vicaya
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
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2265:Buddhābhiṣeka
2263:
2259:
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2240:
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2017:
2014:
2010:
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1912:
1910:
1909:Enlightenment
1907:
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1900:
1899:Dhamma theory
1897:
1895:
1894:Buddha-nature
1892:
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1733:Samantabhadra
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1196:
1193:Warder, A.K.
1190:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1137:, p. 55.
1136:
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1111:
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878:, Māra king,
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854:
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850:
844:
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836:
828:
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809:Lokottaravāda
806:
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797:Kushan Empire
794:
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764:
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510:Dharmaguptaka
507:
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477:
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420:Dharmaguptaka
417:
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370:Dharmaguptaka
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308:
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293:Lokottaravāda
291:
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218:Anāthapiṇḍika
216:
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208:Mahākātyāyana
206:
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71:
66:
60:
54:
53:
47:
44:
41:teachings of
40:
36:
32:
19:
4015:Bodhisattvas
3935:Christianity
3930:Baháʼí Faith
3795:Dharmachakra
3785:Prayer wheel
3775:Prayer beads
3543:Architecture
3422:969 Movement
3206:Saudi Arabia
3184:Central Asia
3177:South Africa
2999:
2982:
2915:Panchen Lama
2820:Buddhapālita
2416:Satipatthana
2411:Mindful Yoga
2324:Recollection
2238:Brahmavihara
2109:Japanese Zen
2104:Chinese Chan
2064:Animal realm
1871:Key concepts
1693:Bodhisattvas
1505:Three Jewels
1395:
1377:
1368:
1346:
1317:
1311:
1306:1999. p. 205
1303:
1275:
1269:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1168:2004. p. 106
1165:
1148:
1142:
1105:
1099:
1079:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1040:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1009:
997:
976:
914:
906:
897:
891:
873:
869:
865:
856:
846:
834:
832:
812:
804:
790:
788:
771:Zhu Daosheng
748:
731:
720:
713:
699:
697:Mahāsāṃghika
692:
680:
674:
664:
636:
628:A. K. Warder
617:
611:
604:
599:André Bareau
572:
557:
548:Vibhajyavāda
546:
538:
534:
531:Sarvāstivāda
524:
519:
497:
471:
470:
412:
395:Vibhajyavāda
362:
347:Sarvāstivāda
336:Vātsīputrīya
283:Mahāsāṃghika
166:Early sangha
3860:Dharma talk
3689:Asalha Puja
3485:Eschatology
3288:Switzerland
3268:New Zealand
3196:Middle East
3105:Philippines
3025:Afghanistan
2830:Bodhidharma
2815:Buddhaghosa
2735:Householder
2645:Monasticism
2598:Bodhisattva
2453:Prostration
2406:Mindfulness
2334:Anapanasati
2317:Kammaṭṭhāna
2114:Korean Seon
2054:Asura realm
2049:Human realm
1989:Ten Fetters
1944:Parinirvana
1846:Uppalavanna
1811:Mahākaccana
1796:Mahākassapa
1728:Kṣitigarbha
1723:Ākāśagarbha
1620:Suddhodāna
1565:Four sights
1492:Foundations
1184:2006. p. 17
1029:1984. p. 58
876:cakravartin
757:obtained a
378:Sautrāntika
351:(Haimavata)
332:Pudgalavada
321:(Haimavata)
305:Bahuśrutīya
193:Mahakasyapa
4090:Categories
3977:Psychology
3957:Gnosticism
3945:Comparison
3940:Influences
3922:Comparison
3805:Bhavacakra
3763:Kushinagar
3738:Pilgrimage
3684:Māgha Pūjā
3639:Bodhi Tree
3455:Buddhology
3445:Abhidharma
3437:Philosophy
3370:Menander I
3238:Costa Rica
3189:Uzbekistan
3030:Bangladesh
2984:Dhammapada
2968:Pali Canon
2930:Ajahn Chah
2910:Dalai Lama
2810:Kumārajīva
2805:Vasubandhu
2780:The Buddha
2688:Zen master
2623:Sakadagami
2603:Buddhahood
2534:Pratimokṣa
2349:Shikantaza
2305:Meditation
2280:Deity yoga
2151:Madhyamaka
2044:Deva realm
1939:Mindstream
1889:Bodhicitta
1801:Aṅgulimāla
1668:Devadatta
1644:Yaśodharā
1547:The Buddha
1537:Middle Way
959:References
886:king or a
661:Appearance
595:abhidharma
591:Vasubandhu
522:Theravādin
472:Mahīśāsaka
413:Mahīśāsaka
388:Vaibhāṣika
363:Mahīśāsaka
127:Abhidharma
122:Prātimokṣa
88:Scriptures
18:Mahisasaka
4045:Festivals
4025:Buddhists
3987:Theosophy
3790:Symbolism
3780:Hama yumi
3753:Bodh Gaya
3520:Socialism
3495:Evolution
3470:Economics
3308:Venezuela
3223:Australia
3218:Argentina
3142:Sri Lanka
3137:Singapore
3055:Indonesia
3017:Countries
2958:Tripiṭaka
2920:Ajahn Mun
2795:Nagarjuna
2790:Aśvaghoṣa
2673:Anagārika
2668:Śrāmaṇerī
2663:Śrāmaṇera
2658:Bhikkhunī
2618:Sotāpanna
2507:Passaddhi
2448:Offerings
2423:Nekkhamma
2300:Iddhipada
2220:Practices
2190:Theravada
2163:Vajrayana
2156:Yogachara
2126:Pure Land
2039:Six Paths
2026:Cosmology
1806:Anuruddha
1781:Sāriputta
1771:Kaundinya
1763:Disciples
1738:Vajrapāṇi
1590:Footprint
1555:Tathāgata
911:writes,
823:Kharoṣṭhī
814:Mahāvastu
751:Sri Lanka
710:Doctrines
671:An Shigao
643:Kāśyapīya
632:Theravāda
624:Sri Lanka
553:Kasyapiya
526:Dipavamsa
406:Kāśyapīya
400:Theravāda
356:Kāśyapīya
340:Saṃmitīya
327:Sthaviras
213:Devadatta
178:Sāriputta
142:Mahāvastu
102:Tripiṭaka
39:Pure Land
35:Gandhāran
4063:Category
3992:Violence
3962:Hinduism
3910:Sanskrit
3865:Hinayana
3850:Amitābha
3810:Swastika
3679:Uposatha
3669:Holidays
3654:Calendar
3500:Humanism
3338:Kanishka
3328:Timeline
3152:Thailand
3120:Kalmykia
3115:Buryatia
3100:Pakistan
3085:Mongolia
3080:Maldives
3075:Malaysia
3040:Cambodia
2905:Shamarpa
2900:Nichiren
2850:Xuanzang
2785:Nagasena
2703:Rinpoche
2433:Pāramitā
2275:Devotion
2195:Navayana
2183:Dzogchen
2146:Nichiren
2094:Mahayana
2086:Branches
1964:Saṅkhāra
1713:Mañjuśrī
1670:(cousin)
1662:(cousin)
1630:(mother)
1622:(father)
1610:Miracles
1560:Birthday
1477:Glossary
1450:Buddhism
1290:, p. 239
1264:, p. 205
1223:, p. 163
1094:, p. 280
921:See also
801:Gandhara
759:Sanskrit
667:Parthian
647:Oḍḍiyāna
608:Mahāyāna
601:writes:
587:Yogācāra
575:Xuanzang
537:and the
498:Huàdì Bù
476:Sanskrit
300:Gokulika
137:Avadanas
70:Buddhism
59:a series
43:Amitābha
4040:Temples
4020:Buddhas
3982:Science
3972:Judaism
3967:Jainism
3885:Lineage
3845:Abhijñā
3815:Thangka
3758:Sarnath
3743:Lumbini
3664:Funeral
3659:Cuisine
3535:Culture
3510:Reality
3460:Creator
3450:Atomism
3320:History
3293:Ukraine
3253:Germany
3172:Senegal
3162:Vietnam
3090:Myanmar
2890:Shinran
2880:Karmapa
2855:Shandao
2825:Dignāga
2750:Śrāvaka
2730:Donchee
2725:Kappiya
2683:Sayadaw
2653:Bhikkhu
2628:Anāgāmi
2585:Nirvana
2551:Samadhi
2438:Paritta
2379:Tonglen
2374:Mandala
2329:Smarana
2310:Mantras
2258:Upekkha
2228:Bhavana
2178:Shingon
2131:Tiantai
1984:Tathātā
1974:Śūnyatā
1969:Skandha
1959:Saṃsāra
1954:Rebirth
1929:Kleshas
1919:Indriya
1821:Subhūti
1706:Guanyin
1660:Ānanda
1652:Rāhula
1532:Nirvana
1472:Outline
1360:Sources
1322:, p. 15
1120:, p. 19
992:, p. 50
860:nirvāṇa
689:大比丘三千威儀
685:Chinese
579:Kashmir
516:History
480:महीशासक
317:Caitika
153:Kangyur
132:Jatakas
107:Nikayas
56:Part of
4035:Sutras
4030:Suttas
3895:Siddhi
3880:Koliya
3855:Brahmā
3770:Poetry
3716:Mantra
3706:Kasaya
3578:Pagoda
3558:Kyaung
3553:Vihāra
3548:Temple
3490:Ethics
3333:Ashoka
3283:Sweden
3278:Poland
3273:Norway
3263:Mexico
3248:France
3233:Canada
3228:Brazil
3167:Africa
3147:Taiwan
3110:Russia
3035:Bhutan
2995:Vinaya
2875:Naropa
2865:Saraha
2800:Asanga
2556:Prajñā
2465:Refuge
2428:Nianfo
2389:Tertön
2384:Tantra
2369:Ganana
2359:Tukdam
2285:Dhyāna
2253:Mudita
2248:Karuṇā
2141:Risshū
2136:Huayan
2069:Naraka
2009:Anattā
2004:Dukkha
1999:Anicca
1904:Dharma
1856:Channa
1791:Ānanda
1776:Assaji
1743:Skanda
1646:(wife)
1615:Family
1595:Relics
1520:Sangha
1515:Dharma
1510:Buddha
1402:
1384:
1282:
1256:
1215:
1112:
1086:
1055:, p. 5
1047:
984:
901:kalpas
888:Buddha
884:Brahma
882:king,
781:1421.
763:vinaya
755:Faxian
727:Buddha
723:Saṃgha
704:dhyāna
687::
676:kāṣāya
653:, and
649:, the
639:Yijing
583:Asaṅga
564:vinaya
560:Avanti
508:. The
494:pinyin
245:Ashoka
198:Ānanda
112:Āgamas
68:Early
46:Buddha
4007:Lists
3875:Kalpa
3870:Iddhi
3733:Music
3728:Mudra
3694:Vassa
3674:Vesak
3644:Budai
3590:Candi
3573:Stupa
3505:Logic
3258:Italy
3157:Tibet
3095:Nepal
3065:Korea
3060:Japan
3050:India
3045:China
2990:Sutra
2945:Texts
2895:Dōgen
2885:Hōnen
2870:Atiśa
2835:Zhiyi
2745:Achar
2713:Tulku
2708:Geshe
2693:Rōshi
2678:Ajahn
2633:Arhat
2593:Bodhi
2563:Vīrya
2480:Sacca
2475:Satya
2470:Sādhu
2458:Music
2401:Merit
2394:Terma
2354:Zazen
2290:Faith
2243:Mettā
1924:Karma
1884:Bardo
1851:Asita
1841:Khema
1831:Upāli
1816:Nanda
1654:(son)
1628:Māyā
1605:Films
1482:Index
880:Śakra
843:arhat
740:Works
669:monk
655:Kucha
203:Upāli
98:(EBT)
3905:Pāḷi
3890:Māra
3800:Flag
3201:Iran
3125:Tuva
3070:Laos
2698:Lama
2546:Śīla
2514:Śīla
2502:Pīti
2492:Sati
2443:Puja
2364:Koan
2270:Dāna
1861:Yasa
1748:Tārā
1400:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1045:ISBN
982:ISBN
839:Māra
3627:Art
3563:Wat
2099:Zen
853:):
777:as
765:at
489:化地部
4092::
3129:ru
1327:^
1295:^
1173:^
1157:^
1125:^
966:^
657:.
570:.
555:.
496::
486::
482:;
478::
415:)
365:)
62:on
3131:)
3127:(
2345:)
2341:(
1436:e
1429:t
1422:v
1320:.
1288:.
1262:.
1221:.
1118:.
1092:.
1053:.
990:.
683:(
614:.
474:(
460:e
453:t
446:v
422:)
418:(
411:(
408:)
404:(
372:)
368:(
361:(
358:)
354:(
48:.
20:)
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