31:
736:
754:
772:
789:
718:
42:
412:
620:
492:
232:
612:
305:
296:
forming the pivot around which the mast is raised and lowered"; "substantial fitting for mounting the mast on deck, so that it can be lowered easily for trailering or for sailing under bridges", "hinged device allowing for the easy folding of a mast 90 degrees from perpendicular, as for transporting the boat on a trailer, or passing under a bridge"
653:
563:. Large vessels were coming more and more into use and the need for additional masts to control these ships adequately grew with the increase in tonnage. Unlike in antiquity, the mizzen-mast was adopted on medieval two-masters earlier than the foremast, a process which can be traced back by pictorial evidence from
645:. An aluminum mast has considerable advantages over a wooden one: it is lighter and slimmer than a wooden one of the same strength, is impervious to rot, and can be produced as a single extruded length. During the 1960s wood was eclipsed by aluminum. Aluminum alloys, generally 6000 series, are commonly utilised.
648:
Recently some sailing yachts (particularly home-built yachts) have begun to use steel masts. Whilst somewhat heavier than aluminum, steel has its own set of advantages. It is significantly cheaper, and a steel mast of an equivalent strength can be smaller in diameter than an aluminum mast, allowing
675:
and tend to have a teardrop-shaped cross-section. On smaller racing yachts and catamarans, the mast rotates to the optimum angle for the sail's airfoil. If the mast has a long, thin cross-section and makes up a significant area of the airfoil, it is called a wing-mast; boats using these have a
295:
anchor point. Definitions include: "the partly open socket or double post on the deck, into which a mast is fixed, with a pivot near the top so that the mast can be lowered"; "large bracket attached firmly to the deck, to which the foot of the mast is fixed; it has two sides or cheeks and a bolt
107:
tree. From the 16th century, vessels were often built of a size requiring masts taller and thicker than from single tree trunks. On these larger vessels, to achieve the required height, the masts were built from up to four sections (also called masts). From lowest to highest, these were called:
272:
have a fore-mast and a mizzen-mast – there is no main-mast. This is because these traditional types used to have three masts, but it was found convenient to dispense with the main-mast and carry larger sails on the remaining masts. This gave more working room, particularly on fishing vessels.
602:
Maria in 1845, 28 m (92 ft) long and built of staves bound with iron hoops like a barrel. Other hollow masts were made from two tapered timbers hollowed and glued together. Nearly a century later, the simple box form of mast was arrived at.
388:
from as early as 2nd century are believed to have commanded naval sail ships. One of the earliest documented evidence of Indian sail building comes from the mural of the three-masted ship in Ajanta caves that date back to 400–500 CE.
1051:
400:, and the foresail set on it, reduced in size, seems to be used rather as an aid to steering than for propulsion. While most of the ancient evidence is iconographic, the existence of foremasts can also be deduced
1396:
Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006): "The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The
Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204", The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500, Vol. 62, Brill Academic Publishers,
1378:
Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006): "The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The
Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204", The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500, Vol. 62, Brill Academic Publishers,
676:
smaller sail area to compensate for the larger mast area. There are many manufacturers of modern masts for sailing yachts of all sizes, a few notable companies are Hall Spars, Offshore Spars, and
Southern Spars.
265:, where the after mast, and its principal sail, is clearly the smaller of the two, so the terminology is (from forward) mainmast and mizzen. (In a yawl, the term "jigger" is occasionally used for the aftermast.)
257:
with two masts, even if the masts are of the same height, the after one usually carries a larger sail (because a longer boom can be used), so the after mast is the mainmast. This contrasts with a
30:
323:
in Kuwait, dating to the second half of the sixth millennium BC. Here, a clay disc made from a sherd that appears to depict a reed bundle boat with two masts has been recovered.
108:
lower, top, topgallant, and royal masts. Giving the lower sections sufficient thickness necessitated building them up from separate pieces of wood. Such a section was known as a
1416:
1257:
1175:
1136:
548:, almost certainly had two masts, a larger foremast and one midships. Their length has been estimated at 12 m and 8 m respectively, somewhat smaller than the
2382:
638:
Although sailing ships were superseded by engine-powered ships in the 19th century, recreational sailing ships and yachts continue to be designed and constructed.
668:
to construct masts with even better strength-to-weight ratios. Carbon fibre masts could also be constructed with more precisely engineered aerodynamic profiles.
536:, the chief sail type of the ancients, that practically disappeared from the record until the 14th century (while it remained dominant in northern Europe). The
103:
Until the mid-19th century, all vessels' masts were made of wood formed from a single or several pieces of timber which typically consisted of the trunk of a
735:
326:
In the West, the concept of a ship carrying more than one mast, to give it more speed under sail and to improve its sailing qualities, evolved in northern
788:
753:
571:
to the mid-14th century. To balance out the sail plan the next obvious step was to add a mast fore of the main-mast, which first appears in a
160:(discontinued after the early 18th century); not usually counted as a mast, however, when identifying a ship as "two-masted" or "three-masted"
1402:
1384:
1366:
1346:
1326:
1306:
1283:
1543:
1505:
838:
Layton, Cyril Walter Thomas, Peter
Clissold, and A. G. W. Miller. Dictionary of nautical words and terms. Brown, Son & Ferguson, 1973.
2375:
717:
241:, shows the fore-mast, main-mast and mizzen-mast, as well as all the ship's standing and running rigging. The Balclutha is berthed in
2714:
1029:
1005:
980:
958:
937:
916:
892:
856:
771:
468:(c. 200 AD) depicts a freighter with a three-masted rig entering Rome's harbour. Special craft could carry many more masts:
96:. Large ships have several masts, with the size and configuration depending on the style of ship. Nearly all sailing masts are
61:, or arrangement of spars, erected more or less vertically on the centre-line of a ship or boat. Its purposes include carrying
2719:
2368:
1094:
1065:
2729:
166:: the mast nearest the bow, or the mast forward of the main-mast. As it is the furthest afore, it may be rigged to the
385:
575:
ink drawing from 1409. With the three-masted ship established, propelled by square rig and lateen, and guided by the
1516:
777:
249:
When a vessel has two masts, as a general rule, the main mast is the one setting the largest sail. Therefore, in a
1834:
384:
longships are uniformly shown without it until the 4th century BC. In the East, ancient Indian
Kingdoms like the
1536:
509:, both foresail and mizzen remained secondary in terms of canvas size, although large enough to require full
2423:
2173:
2163:
1784:
1214:
2724:
1703:
1242:
1154:
688:
401:
741:
78:
2335:
2168:
1902:
445:
1458:
2518:
2478:
2323:
2045:
1937:
1529:
1131:
801:
632:
549:
506:
85:
41:
2683:
2678:
2648:
2603:
2533:
2468:
2220:
723:
665:
1054:. Sea Talk Nautical Dictionary. 26 September 2023. Archived from the original on April 22, 2007.
120:
1190:
884:
222:: typically, where it is the shortest, the aftmost mast on vessels with more than three masts.
2548:
2543:
2493:
2488:
2330:
1843:
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1398:
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1114:
1059:
1025:
1001:
976:
954:
933:
912:
888:
852:
696:
521:
1095:"Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC"
2528:
2453:
2293:
2256:
2158:
2118:
2101:
2096:
2078:
1809:
1609:
1255:
Beltrame, Carlo (1996): "Archaeological
Evidence of the Foremast on Ancient Sailing Ships",
1106:
794:
628:
587:
560:
237:
202:
136:
70:
2613:
2418:
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2251:
2215:
2140:
2030:
1996:
1981:
1922:
1917:
1879:
1859:
1814:
1743:
998:
Sailing
Drifters: The story of the herring lugger of England, Scotland and the Isle of Man
759:
510:
411:
357:
with a sizable foresail rigged on a slightly inclined foremast is depicted in an
Etruscan
354:
89:
2633:
456:
merchant ships of the time. The imperial grain freighters travelling the routes between
2623:
2503:
2463:
2308:
2198:
2055:
2040:
2015:
1951:
1932:
1829:
1708:
1556:
619:
545:
514:
485:
381:
366:
334:
281:
81:
58:
524:, rigging had undergone a fundamental transformation in Mediterranean navigation: the
2708:
2183:
1974:
1849:
1779:
1660:
1361:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1358:
1341:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1338:
1321:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1318:
1301:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1298:
1278:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1275:
1237:
1170:
1149:
877:
642:
499:
327:
242:
184:
Sections: main-mast lower, main topmast, main topgallant mast, royal mast (if fitted)
152:
2568:
2498:
2392:
2298:
2246:
2241:
2225:
2193:
1907:
1819:
1718:
1687:
1634:
1578:
700:
684:
661:
477:
469:
465:
431:
316:
54:
112:, as opposed to sections formed from single pieces of timber, which were known as
1510:
2643:
2618:
2513:
2508:
2483:
2403:
1887:
1738:
1594:
1000:(1969 reprint ed.). Newton Abbott: David and Charles (Publishers) Limited.
872:
708:
704:
680:
529:
495:
491:
320:
132:
93:
1134:; Steinmayer, A. G. (1999): "The Earliest Foresail, on Another Etruscan Vase",
2588:
2523:
2448:
2438:
2340:
2148:
2113:
2035:
1961:
1854:
1644:
1619:
1604:
1599:
1110:
814:
533:
457:
449:
438:
on the largest freighters. The earliest recorded three-masters were the giant
393:
308:
277:
140:
97:
1517:
The
Development of the Square-Rigged Ship from the Carrack to the Full-Rigger
1118:
517:, the foremast lost most of its tilt, standing nearly upright on some ships.
2688:
2658:
2598:
2593:
2408:
2303:
2210:
2153:
2091:
2050:
1986:
1927:
1892:
1869:
1839:
1753:
1748:
1665:
819:
572:
568:
453:
440:
331:
253:, the forward mast is the foremast and the after mast is the mainmast. In a
231:
17:
1521:
1079:
699:
antennas, which need to be mounted high up to increase range. Simple pole,
611:
2360:
205:
carrying other types of rig (where the naming is less standardised) are:
2668:
2608:
2578:
2553:
2458:
2428:
2288:
2283:
2178:
2128:
2123:
2106:
2025:
1969:
1912:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1758:
1733:
1713:
1670:
1624:
1614:
683:, warships retained masts, initially as observation posts and to observe
397:
350:
346:
254:
167:
157:
74:
1481:
911:
pp. 15, 19–22, 36–37, Naval
Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
2573:
2558:
2538:
2473:
2313:
2273:
2205:
2188:
2086:
2069:
2020:
1991:
1897:
1864:
1824:
1763:
1560:
672:
580:
481:
427:
374:
304:
285:
269:
104:
66:
1041:
New Oxford American Dictionary (American English) via Apple Dictionary
2673:
2663:
2628:
2413:
2318:
2278:
1728:
1639:
1414:
Mott, Lawrence V. (1994): "A Three-masted Ship Depiction from 1409",
932:
pp. 15, 19, 36–37, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
583:
576:
564:
541:
537:
525:
435:
377:
370:
311:
two-masted ship, its foremast showing a typically strong forward rake
213:
656:
Illustration of modern mast and wing-mast cross-sections, with sail
225:
Sections: jigger-mast lower, jigger topmast, jigger topgallant mast
195:
Sections: mizzen-mast lower, mizzen topmast, mizzen topgallant mast
2693:
2653:
2443:
2433:
2345:
2261:
692:
651:
618:
599:
490:
410:
342:
338:
303:
258:
230:
144:
29:
2638:
2563:
1552:
652:
461:
405:
358:
262:
250:
181:: the tallest mast, usually located near the center of the ship
62:
2364:
1525:
1723:
851:, pp. 22–5, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
707:
have been used—also, on some past Japanese warships, complex
212:: the fourth mast on larger 16th-century galleons, typically
173:
Sections: fore-mast lower, fore topmast, fore topgallant mast
1024:
pp. 20–2, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
396:, where, inclined at an angle of 45°, it was more akin to a
345:, dating to the mid-7th century BC: a warship with a furled
1294:
1292:
192:: the aft-most mast. Typically shorter than the fore-mast.
559:
ships were reintroduced into the Mediterranean Sea by the
615:
Typical tubular aluminum mast of a post-WWII era sailboat
430:, developed into the standard rig of seagoing vessels in
586:, all advanced ship design technology necessary for the
330:
waters: The earliest foremast has been identified on an
315:
The oldest evidence for the use of masts comes from the
1271:
1269:
1267:
660:
From the mid-1990s racing yachts introduced the use of
641:
In the 1930s aluminum masts were introduced on large
404:
from slots in foremast-feets located too close to the
953:
pp. 55, Transportation Trails, Polo, Illinois, 1994.
380:
as early as the late 6th century BC; apart from that
649:
less turbulence and a better airflow onto the sail.
119:
Those who specialised in making masts were known as
2234:
2139:
2077:
2068:
2005:
1959:
1950:
1878:
1772:
1696:
1683:
1653:
1587:
1574:
590:was in place by the beginning of the 15th century.
1166:
1164:
876:
1417:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
1258:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
1176:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
1137:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
598:The first hollow mast was fitted on the American
1447:Beck, R., et al. "SAILING YACHT DESIGN." (2009).
464:also included three-masted vessels. A mosaic in
1437:. W&J Mackay & Co. Ltd. pp. 87–88.
951:Square Riggers in the United States and Canada,
671:Modern masts form the leading edge of a sail's
488:propelled by as many as fifty masts and sails.
687:, also holding fire control equipment such as
280:vessels, each mast carries several horizontal
2376:
1537:
8:
1482:"Dudley Dix Yacht Design FAQ - Steel Boats"
2383:
2369:
2361:
2074:
1956:
1693:
1584:
1544:
1530:
1522:
369:for foresail) almost the same size as the
1215:"Ajanta: Boat from right wall of Cave II"
444:, a prestige object commissioned by king
349:is engaging an enemy vessel, deploying a
216:-rigged and shorter than the main mizzen.
1261:, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 135–139 (135)
1246:, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 108–111 (109)
1240:(1963): "The Earliest Two-masted Ship",
1158:, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 108–111 (111)
1152:(1963): "The Earliest Two-masted Ship",
1140:, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 292–296 (295)
610:
40:
27:Pole used in rigging of a sailing vessel
831:
800:with fully enclosed mainmast to reduce
713:
419:) with mainmast and foremast under sail
1428:
1426:
1057:
867:
865:
392:The foremast became fairly common on
156:: a small mast set on the end of the
7:
1179:, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 68–69 (69)
691:, and later as a mounting point for
284:from which the individual sails are
235:This photo of the full-rigged ship
139:, masts in their standard names in
1173:(1980): "Two-masted Greek ships",
973:Sailing Rigs, an Illustrated Guide
528:which had long evolved on smaller
25:
1420:, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 39–40
787:
770:
752:
734:
716:
361:painting from 475 to 450 BC. An
1569:including limited use, outdated
1189:Pamulaparthy, Sweekar Bhushan.
69:, giving necessary height to a
1433:Philips-Birt, Douglas (1954).
1022:Seamanship in the Age of Sail,
975:. London: Chatham Publishing.
930:Seamanship in the Age of Sail,
909:Seamanship in the Age of Sail,
540:, the lateen-rigged and oared
373:'s mainsail can be found on a
1:
1457:Schinas, Jill (9 July 2013).
1093:Carter, Robert (2006-03-01).
883:. New York: Viking. pp.
849:Seamanship in the Age of Sail
201:Some names given to masts in
1459:"Build your own steel masts"
1329:, pp. XXIV, picture 145
448:and devised by the polymath
245:, and is open to the public.
147:(front to back) order, are:
34:Three-masted training ship
2746:
1435:Rigs and Rigging of Yachts
1309:, p. 242, fn. 75
1195:World History Encyclopedia
623:Mast of the sailing yacht
588:great transoceanic voyages
426:, along with mainsail and
2399:
1835:Spritsail (square-rigged)
1567:
1111:10.1017/S0003598X0009325X
1064:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
552:war galleys of the time.
452:around 240 BC, and other
291:Folding mast ships use a
2715:Sailing rigs and rigging
996:March, Edgar J. (1952).
484:timber by way of a huge
2424:Apparent wind indicator
1349:, p. 4, fn. 2
971:Bennett, Jenny (2005).
631:held apart by multiple
476:5.8.2) records how the
1734:Mainsail (Bermuda rig)
1704:Asymmetrical spinnaker
879:The Price of Admiralty
657:
635:
616:
502:
420:
312:
246:
46:
38:
2720:Windsurfing equipment
1805:Mainsail (square rig)
1405:, pp. 238f., 244
1191:"Ancient Indian Ship"
679:After the end of the
655:
622:
614:
494:
414:
307:
234:
44:
33:
520:By the onset of the
446:Hiero II of Syracuse
434:, complemented by a
45:Main topgallant mast
2730:History of forestry
1132:Turfa, J. MacIntosh
666:composite materials
532:craft replaced the
415:Roman merchantman (
1387:, pp. 153–161
1369:, pp. 243–245
1286:, pp. 239–243
1082:. Your Dictionary.
729:with lattice masts
658:
636:
617:
503:
421:
313:
247:
210:Bonaventure mizzen
47:
39:
2702:
2701:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2064:
2063:
1946:
1945:
1679:
1678:
1461:. Yacht Mollymawk
1403:978-90-04-15197-0
1385:978-90-04-15197-0
1367:978-0-8018-5130-8
1347:978-0-8018-5130-8
1327:978-0-8018-5130-8
1307:978-0-8018-5130-8
1284:978-0-8018-5130-8
747:with tripod masts
697:telecommunication
625:Stars and Stripes
522:Early Middle Ages
75:look-out position
16:(Redirected from
2737:
2479:Carpenter's walk
2385:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2097:Running backstay
2075:
1957:
1694:
1585:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1523:
1493:
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1490:
1488:
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1471:
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1201:
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1129:
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1069:
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1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1018:
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993:
987:
986:
968:
962:
949:Parker, Dana T.
947:
941:
926:
920:
905:
899:
898:
882:
869:
860:
845:
839:
836:
791:
782:with pagoda mast
774:
756:
738:
720:
561:Late Middle Ages
555:Multiple-masted
498:three-master by
408:for a mainsail.
402:archaeologically
268:Some two-masted
86:control position
71:navigation light
21:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2614:Quarter gallery
2419:Anchor windlass
2395:
2389:
2359:
2350:
2230:
2135:
2060:
2001:
1997:Pelican striker
1982:Dolphin striker
1942:
1874:
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1313:
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1236:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1219:British Library
1213:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
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1130:
1126:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1020:Harland, John.
1019:
1015:
1008:
995:
994:
990:
983:
970:
969:
965:
948:
944:
928:Harland, John.
927:
923:
907:Harland, John.
906:
902:
895:
871:
870:
863:
847:Harland, John.
846:
842:
837:
833:
828:
811:
804:
792:
783:
775:
766:
765:with pole masts
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
609:
596:
511:running rigging
355:merchant vessel
353:. A two-masted
302:
129:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2743:
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2596:
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2581:
2576:
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2569:Keel (Canting)
2566:
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2309:Roller furling
2306:
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2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2254:
2249:
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2238:
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2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
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2208:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
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2156:
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2145:
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2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2116:
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2110:
2109:
2099:
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2089:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2041:Spinnaker pole
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1964:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1933:Spreader patch
1930:
1925:
1920:
1918:Reefing points
1915:
1910:
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1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
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1876:
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1500:External links
1498:
1495:
1494:
1472:
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1422:
1407:
1389:
1371:
1359:Casson, Lionel
1351:
1339:Casson, Lionel
1331:
1319:Casson, Lionel
1311:
1299:Casson, Lionel
1288:
1276:Casson, Lionel
1263:
1248:
1238:Casson, Lionel
1230:
1206:
1181:
1171:Casson, Lionel
1160:
1150:Casson, Lionel
1142:
1124:
1105:(307): 52–63.
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643:J-class yachts
608:
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546:Byzantine navy
515:late antiquity
432:imperial times
301:
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55:sailing vessel
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
2742:
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2725:Wood products
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2654:Stern or poop
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2219:
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2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
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2187:
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2024:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
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1976:
1975:sprit topmast
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1515:In-Arch.net:
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1480:Dix, Dudley.
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1030:0-87021-955-3
1027:
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1007:0-7153-4679-2
1003:
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935:
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894:0-670-81416-4
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621:
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553:
551:
547:
543:
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531:
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523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
501:
500:Lorenzo Costa
497:
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455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
418:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Roman galleys
390:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
328:Mediterranean
324:
322:
318:
310:
306:
299:
297:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:square-rigged
274:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
244:
243:San Francisco
240:
239:
233:
224:
223:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
204:
194:
193:
191:
188:
183:
182:
180:
177:
172:
171:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
154:
153:Sprit topmast
150:
149:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
124:
122:
117:
115:
111:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:, spars, and
64:
60:
56:
52:
43:
37:
32:
19:
2634:Ship's wheel
2583:
2499:Companionway
2393:sailing ship
2299:Parrel beads
2247:Belaying pin
2242:Baggywrinkle
2226:Topping lift
2007:
1688:sailing rigs
1610:Fore-and-aft
1579:jury rigging
1485:. Retrieved
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1434:
1415:
1410:
1392:
1374:
1354:
1334:
1314:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:
1184:
1174:
1153:
1145:
1135:
1127:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1080:"Tabernacle"
1074:
1052:"Tabernacle"
1046:
1037:
1021:
1016:
997:
991:
972:
966:
950:
945:
929:
924:
908:
903:
878:
873:Keegan, John
848:
843:
834:
796:
778:
761:
743:
725:
709:pagoda masts
705:tripod masts
689:rangefinders
685:fall of shot
678:
670:
662:carbon fibre
659:
647:
640:
637:
624:
607:Modern masts
597:
594:Hollow masts
556:
554:
519:
504:
474:Hist. Plant.
473:
470:Theophrastus
439:
423:
422:
416:
391:
362:
325:
317:Ubaid period
314:
292:
290:
275:
267:
248:
236:
219:
209:
200:
189:
178:
163:
151:
130:
127:Nomenclature
118:
113:
109:
102:
90:radio aerial
50:
48:
35:
18:Main topmast
2619:Quarterdeck
2509:Daggerboard
2504:Crow's nest
2484:Centreboard
2454:Bow or prow
2404:Aftercastle
2391:Parts of a
1697:Three-sided
1243:Archaeology
1155:Archaeology
762:Scharnhorst
681:age of sail
530:Greco-Roman
505:Throughout
496:Renaissance
220:Jigger-mast
190:Mizzen-mast
133:square-sail
94:signal lamp
2709:Categories
2589:Orlop deck
2524:Forecastle
2519:Figurehead
2449:Boom brake
2439:Bilgeboard
2341:Turnbuckle
2269:Clevis pin
2235:Components
2169:Cunningham
2149:Boomkicker
2114:Stay mouse
2036:Crosstrees
1880:Components
1860:Topgallant
1855:Tanja sail
1773:Four-sided
1630:Ljungström
1511:Boatdesign
1224:2022-12-05
1200:2022-12-05
887:&281.
826:References
815:Dismasting
744:Invincible
664:and other
534:square rig
458:Alexandria
450:Archimedes
375:Corinthian
293:tabernacle
121:mastmakers
114:pole masts
57:is a tall
2689:Whipstaff
2659:Sternpost
2649:Starboard
2599:Poop deck
2594:Outrigger
2409:Afterdeck
2336:Traveller
2324:gooseneck
2304:Ring bolt
2211:Preventer
2174:Clewlines
2164:Buntlines
2154:Boom vang
2092:Lazy jack
1987:Jackstaff
1938:Tell-tale
1928:Sailcloth
1893:Bolt rope
1870:Watersail
1840:Spritsail
1810:Moonraker
1795:Junk sail
1785:Fisherman
1754:Spinnaker
1749:Screecher
1709:Crab claw
1666:Turbosail
1661:Rotorsail
1119:0003-598X
1099:Antiquity
820:Sail-plan
795:HMS
760:SMS
742:HMS
724:USS
633:spreaders
569:Barcelona
507:antiquity
480:imported
454:Syracusan
441:Syracusia
238:Balclutha
179:Main-mast
164:Fore-mast
135:carrying
110:made mast
2669:Taffrail
2609:Porthole
2579:Leeboard
2554:Jackline
2459:Bowsprit
2429:Beakhead
2289:Footrope
2284:Fairlead
2179:Downhaul
2129:forestay
2124:backstay
2107:ratlines
2079:Standing
2046:Spreader
1970:Bowsprit
1913:Jackline
1850:Studding
1844:Optimist
1815:Ringtail
1800:Lug sail
1790:Foresail
1759:Staysail
1744:Ringtail
1714:Gennaker
1671:Wingsail
1635:Mast-aft
1487:1 August
1465:1 August
1060:cite web
875:(1989).
809:See also
550:Sicilian
482:Corsican
398:bowsprit
351:foresail
347:mainsail
332:Etruscan
319:site of
255:schooner
168:bowsprit
158:bowsprit
67:derricks
2684:Transom
2559:Jibboom
2539:Gunwale
2534:Gangway
2494:Cockpit
2474:Cathead
2469:Capstan
2331:Trapeze
2314:Shackle
2274:Deadeye
2206:Outhaul
2189:Halyard
2141:Running
2087:Bobstay
2070:Rigging
2021:Boomkin
1992:Jibboom
1903:Emblems
1898:Cringle
1865:Topsail
1830:Spanker
1825:Skysail
1764:Trysail
1600:B&R
1595:Bermuda
1588:Textile
1561:rigging
1506:Rigging
701:lattice
673:airfoil
629:shrouds
627:, with
581:gudgeon
573:Catalan
557:sailing
544:of the
428:topsail
424:Artemon
417:corbita
386:Kalinga
363:artemon
300:History
270:luggers
105:conifer
2674:Tiller
2664:Strake
2629:Rudder
2574:Kelson
2489:Chains
2414:Anchor
2319:Swivel
2294:Gasket
2279:Earing
2199:throat
2159:Braces
2102:Shroud
1888:Batten
1780:Course
1739:Raffee
1729:Lateen
1684:Sails
1645:Square
1640:Pinisi
1620:Gunter
1401:
1383:
1365:
1345:
1325:
1305:
1282:
1117:
1028:
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797:Duncan
779:Nagato
726:Nevada
703:, and
584:rudder
577:pintle
565:Venice
542:bireme
538:dromon
526:lateen
478:Romans
436:mizzen
378:krater
371:galley
286:rigged
214:lateen
79:signal
36:Mersey
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2529:Frame
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2444:Bitts
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2262:bitts
2257:Cleat
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2119:Stays
2051:Sprit
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1923:Roach
1908:Draft
1820:Royal
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1654:Other
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693:radar
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382:Greek
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339:Caere
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63:sails
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2644:Stem
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2221:Tack
2194:peak
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2026:Gaff
2016:Boom
2008:mast
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1559:and
1489:2013
1467:2013
1399:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1115:ISSN
1066:link
1026:ISBN
1002:ISBN
977:ISBN
955:ISBN
934:ISBN
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889:ISBN
853:ISBN
695:and
567:and
486:raft
462:Rome
460:and
406:prow
359:tomb
263:yawl
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131:For
82:yard
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49:The
2679:Top
2624:Rib
2184:Guy
2006:On
1962:bow
1960:On
1724:Jib
1605:Cat
1107:doi
885:278
802:RCS
276:On
143:to
141:bow
92:or
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