34:
41:
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355:, low-relief surface. This resulted in the creation of a broad shield volcano. Subsequent volcanic activity created a complex edifice of trachyte and trachybasalt that formerly overlain the central part of the basaltic shield. Magmatism at Maitland continued until about 4.6 million years ago when the volcano went
406:
destroyed the volcanic edifice. The reason why
Maitland eroded away while its neighbour, Edziza, did not is twofold. With the cessation of volcanic activity, Maitland Volcano was unable to protect itself from erosion by providing a cover of younger lavas on top of the older shield. Another factor is
350:
that began with the eruption of Edziza about seven million years ago. The eruption rate of this period was much greater than what is observed for the
Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province today. Following the onset of activity at Edziza, Maitland volcanism commenced 5.2 million years ago with
381:
magmatism. The time span of 600,000 years for magmatism at
Maitland Volcano is relatively small compared to other large NCVP shield volcanoes. This supports field evidence for rapid, relatively uninterrupted growth of the volcanic edifice. The suspension of Maitland volcanism corresponds with
223:
basin. Geologic studies have shown that
Maitland was a comparatively short-lived volcano. It had volcanic activity for less than a million years, a time span unique from other massive NCVP shields. The volcano is known to have produced at least four types of lava, namely
541:
or more. As a result, they speculated that the remnants were not the remains of a continuous blanket of basaltic lava but fragments of individual flows poured out on a surface of considerable relief. These lava flow remnants were subsequently mapped in greater detail by
200:. This multi-vent volcano covered a remarkably large area and was topped by a younger volcanic edifice. Little remains of Maitland Volcano today, limited only to eroded lava flows and distinctive upstanding
809:
366:
that began around 10 million years ago as a result of new plate motions between the
Pacific and North American plates. This contributed to lithospheric thinning and decompression melting of
537:
in 1956 as part of
Operation Stikine. They recognized the volcanic rocks capping the Klappan Range as remnants of once-extensive lava flows but noted the remnants may differ in elevation by
979:
2528:
520:
surround some plugs protruding through the remaining lava flows. These probably formed not far below the surface where eruption was accompanied by vent-clearing explosions.
33:
647:
Edwards, Benjamin R.; Russell, James K. (2000). "Distribution, nature, and origin of
NeogeneâQuaternary magmatism in the northern Cordilleran volcanic province, Canada".
2483:
2403:
2393:
486:, although greenish-grey trachybasalt and pale green trachyte form the uppermost flows of thick sections. The highest remnant of Maitland Volcano has an elevation of
2641:
823:
2343:
346:
Maitland's volcanic history is poorly known since only isolated remnants of the volcano remain. What is known, however, is that it formed during a pulse of NCVP
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that flows from the eroded basement of
Maitland Volcano. Maitland Creek was in turn named on May 6, 1975 for William John Maitland of
2508:
585:. Maitland was killed in action on December 16, 1943 while serving with 208 squadron on operations over Europe; he was 22 years old.
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760:
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330:. The rift zone has existed for at least 14.9 million years and has created the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. This
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2443:
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lava flows which have low viscosity. This gave the volcano its massive profile and consequently
Maitland might have had a broad
2005:
1232:
776:
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1415:
1174:
875:
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658:
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257:
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Maitland
Volcano was one of the most voluminous shield volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province along with
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2015:
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613:
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158:
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Erosional remnants of lava flows from Maitland Volcano are present as scattered, cliff-bounded cappings on higher
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2468:
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907:
819:
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513:. The plugs represent the principal feeders through which the Maitland lavas reached the surface. Red oxidized
497:
are exposed that were originally under the central part of Maitland Volcano. These form steep-sided, isolated
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93:
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stretched, the near surface rocks fractured along steeply dipping cracks parallel to the rift known as
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periods. Intervening valleys, deeply incised into the Jurassic shale and sandstone, are as much as
367:
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Volcanic activity at Maitland Volcano was consistent with extensional stresses across the northern
119:
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83:
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below the base of the now deeply eroded Maitland shield volcano. Most of the rugged
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The shield is associated with an extensive group of related volcanoes called the
2240:
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303:
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for the remaining lava flows and volcanic plugs of Maitland Volcano. Evenchick
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2010:
1969:
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1004:
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335:
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thick and contain as much as 20 separate lava flow units, each commonly
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436:
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292:
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west of Maitland Volcano. Like most shields, Maitland consisted of several
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1544:
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475:
463:
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375:
352:
233:
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201:
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is being pulled apart. This incipient rifting formed as a result of the
696:
533:
The remains of Maitland Volcano were first mapped and described by the
506:
403:
378:
749:
Geology of the Spatsizi River Map Area, North-Central British Columbia
847:(Map). 1 : 253,440. Cartography by Geological Cartography Unit.
509:. They are circular to elliptical in shape, ranging in diameter from
479:
277:
71:
272:. This is similar in size to the Mount Edziza complex approximately
351:
the outpouring of alkali basalt and hawaiite lava on a broad, late
424:
393:
205:
295:
1592:
961:
334:
forms part of the Ring of Fire, an area where large numbers of
459:
of the Klappan Range formed after Maitland Volcano was built.
466:
of the Klappan Range. These flat-lying lava caps are up to
240:. These have been studied by scientists since the 1950s.
989:
Volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
845:
Stikine River area, Cassiar District, British Columbia
338:
and volcanic eruptions occur along the Pacific Ocean.
326:. Basaltic magma rose along these fractures to create
689:
Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada
2334:
1998:
1627:
1558:
1525:
1477:
1429:
1371:
1223:
995:
157:
140:
128:
118:
113:
99:
89:
77:
67:
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419:. Such rocks are more vulnerable to erosion than
402:After Maitland Volcano became extinct, prolonged
53:Location of Maitland Volcano in British Columbia
423:. The Bowser Lake Group sedimentary rocks are
1604:
973:
8:
755:. pp. 15, 16, 65, 137, 138, 140, 142.
604:as a formal name for these volcanic rocks.
215:(NCVP). This forms part of the much larger
16:Extinct volcano in British Columbia, Canada
1611:
1597:
1589:
980:
966:
958:
747:Evenchick, C.A.; Thorkelson, D.J. (2005).
398:Diagram of the remains of Maitland Volcano
208:hardened within the vents of the volcano.
18:
687:Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, JĂŒrgen (1990).
871:BC Geographical Names Information System
40:
630:
443:and non-marine environments during the
2642:Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
810:"Diagram of the Continental Rift Zone"
650:Geological Society of America Bulletin
561:is the namesake for Maitland Creek, a
511:100 to 250 m (330 to 820 ft)
291:, Maitland Volcano had its origins in
213:Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
152:Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
742:
740:
682:
680:
678:
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7:
860:
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753:Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin
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592:Jack Souther gave the informal name
472:2 to 20 m (6.6 to 65.6 ft)
411:was built entirely of soft, friable
188:southeast of the small community of
2632:Two-thousanders of British Columbia
270:1,000 km (390 sq mi)
268:wide, covering an area of at least
2637:Extinct volcanoes of North America
2602:Volcanic plugs of British Columbia
14:
2569:
2557:
39:
32:
904:Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes
298:âa long rupture in the Earth's
284:like other large NCVP shields.
876:Government of British Columbia
386:about four million years ago.
289:Northern Cordilleran volcanoes
219:, which surrounds most of the
1:
2627:Volcanoes of British Columbia
659:Geological Society of America
619:Volcanology of Western Canada
505:above the surrounding eroded
258:Mount Edziza volcanic complex
2612:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
910:. 2005-08-19. Archived from
822:. 2007-03-23. Archived from
787:. 2008-02-13. Archived from
488:2,514 m (8,248 ft)
310:sliding northward along the
124:5.2 to 4.7 million years old
849:Geological Survey of Canada
777:"Map of Canadian volcanoes"
614:List of volcanoes in Canada
550:and Howard Tipper in 1984.
535:Geological Survey of Canada
474:thick. Aphyric to slightly
2663:
2597:Shield volcanoes of Canada
703:. pp. 114, 121, 126.
701:Cambridge University Press
661:: 1283, 1284, 1292, 1293.
539:305 m (1,001 ft)
468:400 m (1,300 ft)
453:600 m (2,000 ft)
439:, which were deposited in
260:. Its structure was about
2607:Pliocene shield volcanoes
2552:
2459:Nisga'a Memorial Lava Bed
2419:Little Andrews Bay Marine
26:
2647:Neogene British Columbia
908:Natural Resources Canada
820:Natural Resources Canada
785:Natural Resources Canada
579:Royal Canadian Air Force
503:150 m (490 ft)
2504:Swan Lake Kispiox River
2409:Iskut River Hot Springs
2399:Ed Bird â Estella Lakes
274:40 km (25 mi)
266:40 km (25 mi)
262:50 km (31 mi)
186:83 km (52 mi)
501:that reach heights of
482:basalt is the primary
399:
390:Erosion and dissection
2359:Babine River Corridor
2344:Atlin/Ăa Tlein TĂ©ix'i
1343:Tom MacKay Creek Cone
546:in 1972 and later by
493:A cluster of 14
397:
312:Queen Charlotte Fault
163:4.6 million years ago
94:Cassiar Land District
2564:Geography portal
1288:Little Bear Mountain
1225:Subglacial volcanoes
1150:Snippaker Creek Cone
1035:Cone Glacier Volcano
382:changes in regional
314:, on its way to the
172:is a heavily eroded
2519:Todagin South Slope
2489:Spatsizi Headwaters
1353:Tutsingale Mountain
1238:Chakatah Creek Peak
1195:Volcanic Creek Cone
940: /
815:The Atlas of Canada
781:Volcanoes of Canada
364:Canadian Cordillera
192:in what is now the
2349:Babine Lake Marine
1620:Interior Mountains
1278:Klinkit Creek Peak
1205:Walkout Creek Cone
1135:Second Canyon Cone
1040:Cracker Creek Cone
900:"Maitland Volcano"
602:Maitland Volcanics
594:Maitland volcanics
588:In 1990, Canadian
529:Geological studies
400:
328:effusive eruptions
2584:
2583:
2576:Canada portal
1586:
1585:
1313:Nuthinaw Mountain
1293:Little Eagle Cone
1283:Klinkit Lake Peak
1075:Iskut Canyon Cone
1055:Fort Selkirk Vent
575:flight lieutenant
417:Bowser Lake Group
413:sedimentary rocks
332:geologic province
320:continental crust
178:Northern Interior
167:
166:
2654:
2622:Skeena Mountains
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2534:Tweedsmuir South
2529:Tweedsmuir North
2494:Spatsizi Plateau
2444:Netalzul Meadows
2389:Driftwood Canyon
2369:Bulkley Junction
2354:Babine Mountains
2336:Provincial parks
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1454:Maitland Volcano
1431:Shield volcanoes
1210:Watson Lake Cone
1200:Volcano Mountain
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866:"Maitland Creek"
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671:
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600:(2005) proposed
559:Maitland Volcano
540:
512:
504:
489:
473:
469:
454:
407:that Maitland's
342:Volcanic history
275:
271:
267:
263:
198:Skeena Mountains
196:of the northern
187:
184:, Canada. It is
182:British Columbia
170:Maitland Volcano
103:
84:British Columbia
47:Maitland Volcano
43:
42:
36:
22:Maitland Volcano
19:
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2657:
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2617:Stikine Country
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1994:
1628:Mountain ranges
1623:
1617:
1587:
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1540:Hoodoo Mountain
1527:Stratovolcanoes
1521:
1479:Volcanic fields
1473:
1425:
1367:
1308:Mount Josephine
1303:Meehaz Mountain
1273:King Creek Cone
1258:Enid Creek Cone
1219:
1120:Prindle Volcano
1020:Cinder Mountain
991:
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190:Telegraph Creek
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1449:Level Mountain
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1406:Sezill Volcano
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1268:Kawdy Mountain
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1421:Triangle Dome
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1381:Cartoona Peak
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1363:Wetalth Ridge
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1348:Tsekone Ridge
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1248:Dark Mountain
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1215:Williams Cone
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1070:Ibex Mountain
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1030:Coffee Crater
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791:on 2008-06-02
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762:0-660-19338-8
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590:volcanologist
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568:
567:Klappan River
564:
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549:
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524:Human history
523:
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485:
484:volcanic rock
481:
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421:igneous rocks
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226:alkali basalt
222:
221:Pacific Ocean
218:
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209:
207:
204:created when
203:
199:
195:
194:Klappan Range
191:
183:
179:
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162:
160:
159:Last eruption
156:
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130:Mountain type
127:
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108:Klappan Range
106:
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35:
25:
20:
2439:Nation Lakes
2434:Mount Edziza
2364:Bear Glacier
2125:
1860:Samuel Black
1550:Mount Edziza
1502:Fort Selkirk
1464:Volcano Vent
1453:
1401:Pharaoh Dome
1386:Glacier Dome
1338:Toozaza Peak
1333:Tadekho Hill
1328:Tennena Cone
1318:Pillow Ridge
1298:Mathews Tuya
1263:Isspah Butte
1243:Caribou Tuya
1233:Ash Mountain
1115:Outcast Hill
1100:Moraine Cone
1065:Icefall Cone
1025:Cocoa Crater
1015:Cinder Cliff
997:Cinder cones
949:57.4; -129.7
925:
916:. Retrieved
912:the original
903:
879:. Retrieved
869:
844:
839:
828:. Retrieved
824:the original
813:
804:
793:. Retrieved
789:the original
780:
771:
748:
688:
654:
648:
601:
597:
593:
587:
583:World War II
558:
557:
548:Hu Gabrielse
544:Jack Souther
532:
492:
461:
433:conglomerate
401:
361:
345:
286:
282:lava plateau
247:
238:trachybasalt
217:Ring of Fire
210:
169:
168:
102:Parent range
2479:Seeley Lake
2031:Castle Rock
1568:Castle Rock
1492:Bell-Irving
1444:Heart Peaks
1416:The Pyramid
1411:Sphinx Dome
1396:Nanook Dome
1175:The Volcano
1155:Source Hill
947: /
515:pyroclastic
374:to produce
336:earthquakes
304:lithosphere
293:continental
287:Like other
250:Heart Peaks
120:Age of rock
2591:Categories
2539:Tyhee Lake
2291:Tutsingale
2256:Thomlinson
2201:Shelagyote
1750:Horseranch
1497:Desolation
1391:IGC Centre
1373:Lava domes
1358:Tuya Butte
1323:South Tuya
1185:Tseax Cone
1170:The Saucer
1160:Storm Cone
1145:Sleet Cone
1140:Sidas Cone
1125:Ridge Cone
1110:Nahta Cone
1050:Exile Hill
1005:Cache Hill
918:2015-01-03
881:2014-12-25
830:2014-12-26
795:2014-12-26
625:References
457:topography
449:Cretaceous
302:where the
2509:TÄ ChÊŒilÄ
2469:Ross Lake
2454:Ningunsaw
2374:Call Lake
2116:Klastline
2066:Gabrielse
1999:Mountains
1985:Wolverine
1980:Whitesail
1900:Slamgeesh
1870:Sicintine
1800:Metsantan
1795:McConnell
1730:Germansen
1710:Eaglenest
1705:Driftwood
1622:of Canada
1578:The Thumb
1507:Mess Lake
1469:West Vent
1190:Twin Cone
1165:Thaw Hill
1085:Keda Cone
1080:Kana Cone
1010:Camp Hill
693:Cambridge
667:0016-7606
571:Vancouver
563:tributary
499:monoliths
464:mountains
437:siltstone
429:sandstone
384:tectonics
348:magmatism
318:. As the
264:long and
202:landforms
141:Volcanic
63:Geography
2544:Wistaria
2514:Tatlatui
2384:Denetiah
2321:Williams
2271:Triangle
2226:Spatsizi
2166:Nuthinaw
2126:Maitland
2076:Gunanoot
2036:Chikoida
2026:Cartoona
1945:Tenakihi
1935:Tatlatui
1920:Swannell
1905:Spectrum
1840:Pattullo
1830:Osilinka
1805:Mitchell
1760:Ingenika
1735:Hazelton
1695:Connelly
1690:Chikamin
1645:Axelgold
1573:The Neck
1545:Ice Peak
1512:Snowshoe
1045:Eve Cone
935:129°42âČW
608:See also
476:feldspar
445:Jurassic
409:basement
376:alkaline
353:Tertiary
278:basaltic
256:and the
234:trachyte
230:hawaiite
90:District
79:Province
2316:Wetalth
2306:Volcano
2286:Tsekone
2276:Triplex
2266:Toozaza
2261:Thudaka
2251:Tennena
2246:Tadekho
2176:Pharaoh
2171:Outcast
2146:Moraine
2131:Mathews
2091:Icefall
2071:Grizzly
2021:Caribou
1955:Thudaka
1910:Stikine
1885:Sitlika
1880:Sikanni
1835:Oweegee
1825:Omineca
1780:Klappan
1775:Kispiox
1770:Kechika
1765:Kasalka
1725:Fishing
1700:Cormier
1685:Cassiar
1670:Bulkley
1665:Bornite
1640:Atsutla
932:57°24âČN
851:. 1957.
697:England
581:during
577:in the
565:of the
507:terrain
415:of the
404:erosion
379:Neogene
357:extinct
296:rifting
244:Geology
176:in the
114:Geology
68:Country
2499:Sustut
2241:Tadeda
2231:Sphinx
2216:Source
2196:Shedin
2191:Sezill
2181:Pillow
2161:Nanook
2151:Nahlin
2141:Meszah
2136:Meehaz
2096:Isspah
2081:Howson
2051:Edziza
2041:Cronin
1940:Telkwa
1925:Tahtsa
1915:Strata
1890:Skeena
1875:Sifton
1865:Sibola
1855:Russel
1810:Morice
1755:Howson
1720:Finlay
1675:Butler
1650:Babine
759:
707:
665:
598:et al.
554:Naming
518:blocks
480:phyric
441:marine
372:mantle
370:-like
324:faults
72:Canada
2379:Chase
2281:Tseax
2236:Storm
2221:South
2211:Sleet
2206:Sidas
2186:Ridge
2156:Nahta
2121:Level
2106:Kawdy
2061:Exile
2011:Cache
1990:Wrede
1975:Vital
1965:Tucha
1930:Takla
1895:Skree
1745:Hogem
1740:Heart
1715:Espee
1660:Beady
1487:Atlin
657:(8).
425:shale
300:crust
206:magma
2326:Yeda
2311:West
2301:Twin
2296:Tuya
2111:Keda
2101:Kana
2046:Dark
2016:Camp
1970:Tuya
1850:Ruby
1820:O.K.
1815:Nass
1655:Bait
1635:Atna
1517:Tuya
757:ISBN
705:ISBN
663:ISSN
447:and
435:and
236:and
147:belt
2086:Ice
2056:Eve
2006:Ash
1785:Lay
655:112
368:OIB
180:of
143:arc
2593::
906:.
902:.
874:.
868:.
857:^
818:.
812:.
783:.
779:.
751:.
719:^
699::
695:,
691:.
675:^
653:.
633:^
490:.
431:,
427:,
359:.
252:,
232:,
228:,
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
981:e
974:t
967:v
921:.
884:.
833:.
798:.
765:.
713:.
669:.
478:-
145:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
