52:
342:, however others consider the word "maiuma" or "maiouma" to have evolved to cover a much wider set of meanings by the time the port near Gaza was given this name, with no Maiuma festival in the original meaning of the word ever taking place there. Following emperors did not reverse Julian's decision, though they allowed Maiuma to maintain an independent bishopric.
459:, had lived for several years at the monastery between Maiuma and Gaza, being dedicated to monastic life, but in 452, during the anti-Chalcedonian revolt in Palestine, the Christians of Maiuma had him ordained bishop by force. He remained nominally bishop for the rest of his life, he however only stayed in Maiuma until 453, when he was expelled from the city.
59:
357:
and as a result the first bishops of Gaza resided at Maiuma. As the city regained its independence from Gaza, for a certain period of time it had its own bishop, due to Gaza's relatively long resistance to introduction of
Christianity. The first known bishop of Maiuma was a certain Zenon from around 395 to after 400, mentioned by
588:
During antiquity, Gaza was prosperous. Located at the point of arrival of caravans from the
Arabian Peninsula and Arabian Gulf and connected with the Mediterranean Sea by two ports, Anthedon and Maiuma, the city was an important commercial center, which played a particularly significant role in the
356:
Maiuma seems to have been an early center of the spread of
Christianity, which may explain the treatment of its status by Constantine and Julian. Its population was said to have been largely Egyptian in origin. Gaza steadfastly held on to its pagan faith and withstood Christian misdionary attempts,
422:
Constantine offered
Christian Maiuma independence from pagan Gaza, Julian the Apostate reverted the administrative move, but after his reign Constantine's arrangement was restored, Maiuma eventually becoming the seat of an independent bishop (please mind that the first bishops of Gaza, not Maiuma,
290:
and trade routes were reopened. Although the town grew to a community of no small importance with a population as high as 9,000 and increasingly sought independence of Gaza, it remained a dependent
1276:
332:, which can be seen as simply meaning "harbour place", or as "the part of Gaza towards the sea". As a consequence of this, it is associated by some with a pagan festival also called the
511:
with a lyre, dated to the early 6th century AD and discovered in the mid-1960s. The city appears to have been fortified, but the enclosure wall still seems hard to trace.
1303:
670:
469:, but there is no other source to support it. He may have been consecrated bishop of Maiuma by the anti-Chalcedonians after the death of Peter the Iberian in 491.
211:. However, it was distinct from the city, which was located opposite it, and recognised as an independent city since the early Christian era. The Greek name
388:
The city was famous for the fact that the tomb of a Saint Victor was located there; he had been an
Egyptian martyr, but more about his identity is unknown.
773:
1066:
1298:
757:
51:
1165:
1115:
909:
414:
mentions a laura that might be that of
Severus in the early seventh century, however, the exact location of the monastery remains unknown.
805:
1235:
1192:
1012:
984:
846:
792:
622:
574:
431:
Zenon, a monk who became the first known bishop of Maiuma, between the late 4th and the early 5th century (Trombley offers 395-400).
86:
503:, about 4 kilometers from Gaza towards the sea. Remarkable archaeological findings from the site include the mosaic floor of the
1088:
1137:
941:
723:
639:
1151:
402:, this was done after Severus received a substantial inheritance and the monastery of Peter had been converted from a
377:, his successor; and Procopius, chronologically the last known bishop of Maiuma, known to have participated in the
314:
263:
234:, dealing in herbs, spices incense, drapery, glass and food. Goods arrived in the port on the backs of camels from
398:, founded a monastery in the vicinity of Maiuma around the year 500. According to the Life of Severus, written by
1000:
446:
366:
435:
362:
465:, possibly Peter's successor and fellow Monophysite; according to his own claim in the title of his work, the
378:
472:
Procopius, chronologically the last known bishop of Maiuma, has participated in the Synod of
Jerusalem of 581
1157:
520:
548:
313:
after the emperor's sister (or son). It has been suggested that Maiuma's residents "collectively opted to
996:
306:
1074:
809:
648:
442:
157:
1293:
754:
231:
901:
664:
391:
259:
121:
72:
1258:
Wellesz, E. (1967). "Byzantine Music and
Liturgy". In J.M. Hussey; D.M. Nicol; G. Cowan (eds.).
1067:"Discussion: Ascalon, Gaza, Negev and Sinai. 124. Maiumas, which is also Neapolis - (al-Minah)"
891:
1231:
1188:
1161:
1111:
1008:
980:
979:
Gerald Butt (1995) Life at the crossroads: a history of Gaza
Published by Rimal Publications,
937:
905:
842:
788:
719:
713:
618:
570:
452:
395:
373:
who was reluctant to serve in the office but was elected by the citizens in 452 nevertheless;
370:
333:
20:
1223:
929:
897:
562:
544:
481:
399:
382:
1024:
761:
558:
292:
235:
1308:
504:
321:
1287:
709:
608:
604:
566:
287:
1007:(1999) Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World Harvard University Press,
192:
494:
411:
283:
188:
184:
177:
787:(2008), The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Hasmonean State, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing,
676:
1182:
1105:
836:
612:
1004:
784:
456:
227:
19:
This article is about the ancient town near Gaza. For the ancient festival, see
543:
Saliou, Catherine (2012). "Gaza (Hellenistic to Late
Antiquity): Abstract". In
508:
462:
374:
165:
156:, at times functioning as a separate city; the other ancient port of Gaza was
936:. Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture (Vol. 3). BRILL. pp. 14–19.
101:
88:
963:
873:
358:
271:
258:. At the port of Gaza, these goods were dispatched to the European markets.
224:
153:
1230:. Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture, volume 3. BRILL. p. 92.
476:
According to other sources, there is another bishop of Maiuma we know of:
407:
351:
325:
309:, who granted Maiuma the status of a separate city, it received the name
267:
239:
361:. Among others known are Paulianus (or Paulinianus), participant in the
266:
that denied the Nabateans access to the port and trade with Rome led to
1224:"Heresy and orthodoxy: the anti-Chalcedonian hagiography of John Rufus"
808:. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum - Jerusalem. 2000-12-19. Archived from
317:" or that it made some sort of public declaration of its Christianity.
204:
689:
424:
247:
200:
1153:
Asceticism and Christological Controversy in Fifth-Century Palestine
195:
on the Mediterranean. Located near Gaza, it was simply called "the
403:
298:
255:
251:
243:
215:("the new city") seems to have also been used in reference to it.
161:
1071:
Madaba Map Centennary page at the Franciscan Christus Rex webpage
838:
Constantine and the Cities Imperial Authority and Civic Politics
764:
The Nabateans in the Negev Curator: Renate Rosenthal-Haginbottom
1260:
The Cambridge Medieval History: The Byzantine Empire, Part II
328:
by Christians, it was downgraded and the name was changed to
930:"Pagan Festivals in Fourth-Century Gaza: No Mayouma in Gaza"
1280:, Band XIV, Halbband 27, Lysimachos-Mantike (1928), s. 610.
718:(reprint, revised ed.). Princeton University Press.
484: (d. 773 or 794), appointed bishop of Maiuma in 743.
1262:. Vol. IV. Cambridge University Press. p. 149.
715:
The Children of Noah: Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times
1277:
Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft
1226:. In Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria; Kofsky, Arieh (eds.).
841:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 132–133.
282:
Maiuma was rebuilt after it was incorporated into the
176:
A "harbour of Gaza" is first documented in one of the
932:. In Brouria Bitton Ashkelony; Arieh Kofsky (eds.).
617:. New York and London: Continuum. pp. 308–309.
127:
117:
31:
180:, a business letter written in September 258 BCE.
152:) is one of the names of the main ancient port of
1107:Hellenic Religion and Christianization c. 370-529
1181:Kofsky, Arieh; Bitton-Ashkelony, Bruria (2004).
423:also resided at Maiuma). An incomplete list of
434:Paulianus or Paulinianus, participant in the
8:
614:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land
1099:
1097:
896:. Oxford University Press. pp. 29–30.
669:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
270:launching a military campaign against the
160:. Its remains are situated at present-day
28:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
902:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284177.001.0001
830:
828:
826:
1304:Populated places of the Byzantine Empire
183:In antiquity, Maiuma was one of the two
1061:
1059:
1057:
704:
702:
532:
223:The port of Gaza was at the end of the
126:
116:
81:
44:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
923:
921:
662:
599:
597:
538:
536:
199:" in many early sources, for instance
7:
550:Gaza (Hellenistic to Late Antiquity)
1110:. Vol. I. BRILL. p. 275.
555:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
381:. Mention must also be made of St.
365:in 431; Paul, who took part in the
14:
638:"From Philotas to Zenon (258) ".
296:(dependent settlement of a Greek
16:Ancient town near Gaza, Palestine
1228:Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity
1184:Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity
934:Christian Gaza In Late Antiquity
567:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah12091
443:Juvenal, archbishop of Jerusalem
57:
50:
286:in 63 BCE under the command of
611:, eds. (2001). "Maiumas (a)".
58:
1:
1299:History of Palestine (region)
647:. Vol. V. Translated by
890:Sivan, Hagith (2008-02-14).
1104:Trombley, Frank R. (2014).
893:Palestine in Late Antiquity
806:"Gaza - (Gaza, al -'Azzah)"
278:Roman and Byzantine periods
26:Place in State of Palestine
1325:
1150:Horn, Cornelia B. (2006).
499:Maiuma is identified with
492:
455: (c. 417-491), was a
349:
71:Location of Maiuma within
18:
1222:Steppa, Jan-Eric (2004).
1187:. Brill. pp. 75–76.
1001:Peter Robert Lamont Brown
928:Benayche, Nicole (2004).
447:Second Council of Ephesus
379:Synod of Jerusalem of 581
367:Second Council of Ephesus
219:Nabataeans and Hasmoneans
82:
45:
38:
651:. Cairo. 1940. p. 4
436:First Council of Ephesus
363:First Council of Ephesus
1158:Oxford University Press
315:convert to Christianity
1029:Life of St. Porphyrius
968:Ecclesiastical History
878:Ecclesiastical History
346:Christianity in Maiuma
324:, known as Julian the
164:near Gaza City in the
1138:Antoninus Placentinus
1087:Homepage with index:
997:Glen Warren Bowersock
835:Lenski, Noel (2016).
307:Constantine the Great
649:Campbell Cowan Edgar
427:of Maiuma includes:
305:During the reign of
1077:on 24 December 2014
870:Life of Constantine
523:disambiguation page
232:incense trade route
98: /
1140:33; Cart. Mad. 125
760:2018-11-20 at the
445:, attendee at the
392:Severus of Antioch
260:Alexander Jannaeus
207:referred to it as
122:State of Palestine
1167:978-0-19-927753-7
1117:978-90-04-27677-2
1031:, p. 49, 5. 11 ff
911:978-0-19-928417-7
489:Remains of Maiuma
453:Peter the Iberian
418:Bishops of Maiuma
396:Peter the Iberian
371:Peter the Iberian
250:and crossing the
187:, serving as the
135:
134:
102:31.517°N 34.450°E
21:Maiuma (festival)
1316:
1264:
1263:
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1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1073:. Archived from
1063:
1032:
1022:
1016:
994:
988:
977:
971:
961:
955:
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646:
635:
629:
628:
601:
592:
591:
585:
583:
545:Roger S. Bagnall
540:
482:Cosmas of Maiuma
441:Paul, nephew of
400:Zacharias Rhetor
383:Cosmas of Maiuma
264:conquest of Gaza
240:Kingdom of Sheba
113:
112:
110:
109:
108:
103:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
61:
60:
54:
29:
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1199:
1197:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1160:. p. 215.
1149:
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1120:
1118:
1103:
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1095:
1080:
1078:
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1035:
1025:Marcus Diaconus
1023:
1019:
995:
991:
978:
974:
962:
958:
948:
946:
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927:
926:
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888:
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867:
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834:
833:
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803:
799:
783:
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762:Wayback Machine
753:
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728:
726:
708:
707:
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679:at attalus.org.
661:
654:
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625:
603:
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581:
579:
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559:Wiley-Blackwell
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541:
534:
530:
517:
497:
491:
420:
354:
348:
280:
236:Southern Arabia
221:
174:
131:1st century BCE
106:
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27:
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797:
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766:
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745:Cart. Mad. 114
738:
724:
710:Patai, Raphael
698:
681:
630:
623:
609:Gibson, Shimon
605:Negev, Avraham
593:
589:incense trade.
575:
557:. Malden, MA:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
516:
513:
505:Gaza synagogue
493:Main article:
490:
487:
486:
485:
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419:
416:
394:, disicple of
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322:Emperor Julian
279:
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220:
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173:
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133:
132:
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119:
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114:
107:31.517; 34.450
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1013:0-674-51173-5
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985:1-900269-03-1
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970:, 5. 3; 7. 28
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848:9780812292237
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827:
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812:on 2012-07-28
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807:
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793:0-8028-6285-3
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576:9781405179355
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507:representing
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209:Gazaion limen
206:
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198:
194:
191:'s principal
190:
186:
185:ports of Gaza
181:
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171:
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111:
83:Coordinates:
74:
53:
37:
30:
22:
1275:
1259:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1227:
1198:. Retrieved
1183:
1176:
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1145:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1106:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1070:
1028:
1020:
992:
975:
967:
959:
947:. Retrieved
933:
892:
885:
877:
869:
864:
852:. Retrieved
837:
814:. Retrieved
810:the original
800:
795:, pp 117-133
780:
769:
755:Hecht Museum
750:
741:
729:. Retrieved
714:
693:
684:
675:Also online
653:. Retrieved
641:Zenon Papyri
640:
633:
613:
587:
580:. Retrieved
554:
549:
500:
498:
495:Port of Gaza
475:
467:Plerophoriae
466:
421:
412:John Moschus
390:
387:
355:
339:
334:
329:
319:
310:
304:
297:
291:
284:Roman Empire
281:
248:Arava Valley
222:
212:
208:
197:port of Gaza
196:
189:Incense Road
182:
178:Zenon Papyri
175:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:
1200:11 November
1005:Oleg Grabar
854:11 November
785:Hanan Eshel
774:Israeli MFA
696:, 16. 2. 21
457:Monophysite
311:Konstanteia
254:Desert via
105: /
1294:Gaza Strip
1288:Categories
943:9004138684
868:Eusebius,
816:2009-02-16
725:0691009686
528:References
509:King David
463:John Rufus
375:John Rufus
350:See also:
242:) through
166:Gaza Strip
1123:9 January
964:Sozomenus
874:Sozomenus
872:, 4. 37;
694:Geography
665:cite book
582:9 January
408:coenobium
359:Sozomenus
272:Hasmonean
225:Nabataean
73:Palestine
758:Archived
712:(1999).
515:See also
369:in 449;
352:Hilarion
330:Maioumas
326:Apostate
213:Neapolis
193:emporium
158:Anthedon
150:Maioumas
1270:Sources
547:(ed.).
501:al-Mina
425:bishops
340:Maiouma
205:Ptolemy
172:History
146:Maiouma
142:Maiumas
128:Founded
93:34°27′E
90:31°31′N
1243:28 May
1234:
1191:
1164:
1114:
1081:28 May
1015:p. 553
1011:
983:
949:17 May
940:
908:
880:, 5. 3
845:
791:
731:12 May
722:
690:Strabo
688:E. g.
655:17 May
621:
573:
521:Maiuma
449:of 449
438:of 431
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