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relation to the social realities of the day. First, Charles Berst has studied the convictions of Andrew
Undershaft in the play, and compared them with Shaw's own philosophical ideas. Robert Everding has discussed the gradual presentation of the ideas and character of Andrew Undershaft as the play progresses. The pseudonymous commentator 'Ozy' has compared Andrew Undershaft's apparent undermining of Shaw's own personal, general convictions about the 'Life Force', and Shaw's attempt to have Adolphus Cusins restore some philosophical balance. Norma Nutter has briefly discussed conflicts between the character's personal convictions compared to the social realities that they eventually face, via the concept of 'false consciousness'.
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scruples about the nature of the business, arguing that paying his employees provides a much higher service to them than
Barbara's Army service, which only prolongs their poverty; as an example, the firm has hired Peter. Cusins' gradual acceptance of Undershaft's logic makes Barbara more content to marry him, not less, because bringing a message of salvation to the factory workers, rather than to London slum-dwellers, will bring her more fulfilment.
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the
Salvation Army. He makes a sizeable donation, matching another donation from a whisky distiller. Barbara wants the Salvation Army to refuse the money because it comes from the armaments and alcohol industries, but her supervising officer eagerly accepts it. Barbara sadly leaves the shelter in disillusionment, while Cusins views Undershaft's actions both with disgust and sarcastic pleasure.
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214:). Lady Britomart leads Stephen to accept her decision that they must ask her estranged husband, Andrew Undershaft, for financial help. Mr. Undershaft is a successful and wealthy businessman who has made millions of pounds from his munitions factory, which manufactures the world-famous Undershaft guns, cannons, torpedoes, submarines and aerial battleships.
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pure" sources, arguing that using money to benefit the poor will have more practical benefit than ethical niceties. He points out that donations can always be used for good whatever their provenance, and he quotes a
Salvation Army officer, "they would take money from the devil himself and be only too glad to get it out of his hands and into God's."
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According to tradition, the heir to the
Undershaft fortune must be an orphan who can be groomed to run the factory. Lady Britomart tries to convince Undershaft to bequeath the business to his son Stephen, but neither man consents. Undershaft says that the best way to keep the factory in the family is
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Many studies have looked at main character
Undershaft's beliefs and morals from several points of view, including their relation to Shaw's personal beliefs; their presentation throughout the play, and their changes over the course of the play; the counterpoints to them by Adolphus Cusins, and their
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and marry him to
Barbara. Later, Barbara and the rest of her family accompany her father to his munitions factory. They are all impressed by its size and organisation. Cusins declares that he is a foundling, and is thus eligible to inherit the business. Undershaft eventually overcomes Cusins' moral
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from the
Salvation Army: she treats them with patience, firmness, and sincerity. Undershaft and Cusins discuss the question of Barbara's commitment to The Salvation Army, and Undershaft decides he must overcome Barbara's moral horror of his occupation. He declares that he will therefore "buy" (off)
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Although
Barbara initially regards the Salvation Army's acceptance of Undershaft's money as hypocrisy, Shaw did not intend that it should be thought so by the audience. Shaw wrote a preface for the play's publication, in which he derided the idea that charities should only take money from "morally
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in London. For many years, Barbara and her siblings have been estranged from their father, Andrew
Undershaft, who now reappears as a rich and successful munitions maker. The father gives money to the Salvation Army, which offends Barbara because she considers it "tainted" wealth. The father argues
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Relatedly, several others have looked at the play in relation to the circumstances of the period in which it was written. Bernard Dukore has examined the historical context of the depiction of money in the play, relating the then-contemporary situation with inflation to more recent historical
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A subplot involves the down-and-out and fractious visitors to the shelter, including a layabout painter and con artist (Snobby Price), a poor housewife feigning to be a fallen woman (Rummy Mitchens), an older laborer fired for his age (Peter Shirley), and a pugnacious bully (Bill Walker) who
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When their children were still small, the Undershafts separated; now grown, the children have not seen their father since, and Lady Britomart has raised them by herself. During their reunion, Undershaft learns that Barbara is a major in The Salvation Army who works at their shelter in
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Sidney P. Albert, a noted Shaw scholar, analysed various aspects of the play in several articles. These include first, Shaw's own account of the writing of the play; second, the chosen time of the play's setting, January 1906, and third, references to the Lord's Prayer
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210:, and her son Stephen discuss a source of income for her grown daughters Sarah, who is engaged to Charles Lomax (a slightly comic figure who continually stupidly says "Oh, I say!"), and Barbara, who is engaged to Adolphus Cusins (a scholar of
564:. Undershaft's unscrupulous sale of weapons to any and all bidders, as well as his government influence and more pertinently his company's method of succession (to a foundling rather than a son), tie him especially to
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that poverty is a worse problem than munitions and claims that he is doing more to help society by giving his workers jobs and a steady income than she is doing by giving people free meals in a
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circumstances. Nicholas Williams has discussed possibilities for reinterpretation of the play in a more contemporary context, away from the immediate historical context of its original period.
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introductory essay explaining the play's themes, and the phonetic spelling of dialect English, as when Bill Walker jeers, "Wot prawce selvytion nah?" (What price salvation now?).
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died by suicide in 1902 following publication of claims he was a homosexual. His two daughters were his heirs. Undershaft shares a name with a
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distiller. She eventually decides that bringing a message of salvation to people who have plenty will be more fulfilling and genuine than
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Several scholars have compared this work to other works, including one of Shaw's own, and others from different periods.
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of Dante. J.L. Wiesenthal has discussed parallels with the play and Shaw's personal interpretations of Richard Wagner's
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threatens the inhabitants and staff over his runaway partner, striking a frightened care worker (Jenny Hill).
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Albert, Sidney P. (2014). "Fiction and Fact in Shaw's Account of "Major Barbara"'s Salvation Army Origins".
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Albert, Sidney P. (May 1968). ""In More Ways than One": "Major Barbara"'s Debt to Gilbert Murray".
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Act III: Lady Britomart's house, later at the Undershaft munitions works in Perivale St. Andrews
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Wisenthal, J.L. (May 1972). "The Underside of Undershaft: A Wagnerian Motif in
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The play script displays typical Shavian techniques in the omission of
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Macintosh, Fiona (1998). "The Shavian Murray and the Euripidean Shaw:
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released a 4-LP recording of the play in 1965 (TRS 319 S) directed by
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Ozy (January 1958). "The Dramatist's Dilemma: an Interpretation of
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Albert, Sidney P. (September 2013). "The Time of Major Barbara".
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accepts money from an armaments manufacturer (her father) and a
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has examined Shaw's use of classical literary sources, such as
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as Adolphus Cusins in the original 1915 Broadway production of
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Dukore, Bernard F. (2016). "How Much?: Understanding Money in
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The play has been produced a number of times for BBC Radio:
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from contractions and other punctuation, the inclusion of a
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The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism
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https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1489916/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1
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The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God
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Jordan, Robert J (Fall 1970). "Theme and Character in
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Lady Britomart Undershaft, the daughter of a British
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869:Albert, Sidney P. (1981). "The Lord's Prayer and
396:A TV movie production was broadcast in 1966 with
363:on 25 November 1956. Meredith was on the panel.
281:as Jenny Hill in the 1915 Broadway production of
144:Act I: Lady Britomart's house in Wilton Crescent
1036:Berst, Charles A (March 1968). "The Devil and
147:Act II: The Salvation Army shelter in West Ham
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1729:How These Doctors Love One Another!
1281:1905 Royal Court production on the
351:A Broadway production in 1956 with
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16:Play written by George Bernard Shaw
1792:In Good King Charles's Golden Days
1120:Bulletin (Shaw Society of America)
175:the starving in return for bread.
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1673:Annajanska, the Bolshevik Empress
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2021:Fiction about the Salvation Army
1937:Charlotte Payne-Townshend (wife)
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730:"From Murray's Mother-in-Law to
1554:The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet
1484:Captain Brassbound's Conversion
1283:Global Performing Arts Database
108:is a three-act English play by
1968:George Bernard Shaw: His Plays
1540:The Interlude at the Playhouse
560:, and German armaments family
21:Major Barbara (disambiguation)
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974:Frank, Joseph (March 1956). "
161:officer of The Salvation Army
2016:Plays by George Bernard Shaw
1589:The Dark Lady of the Sonnets
665:10.1007/978-1-349-05402-2_75
456:with June Tobin as Barbara,
1336:public domain audiobook at
1290:Major Barbara
978:– Shaw's "Divine Comedy"".
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42:The Court Theatre 1904–1907
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1512:How He Lied to Her Husband
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727:Albert, Sidney P. (2001).
194:as Barbara Undershaft and
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1861:Cashel Byron's Profession
1568:The Fascinating Foundling
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1920:Quintessence of Ibsenism
1799:The British Party System
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332:of 1941 was produced by
1989:Twain and Shaw Do Lunch
1491:The Admirable Bashville
624:Der Ring des Nibelungen
612:and another Shaw play,
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299:Harley Granville-Barker
260:Harley Granville-Barker
1854:Love Among the Artists
1771:Arthur and the Acetone
1603:Androcles and the Lion
1575:The Glimpse of Reality
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1533:The Doctor's Dilemma
1477:Caesar and Cleopatra
1463:The Devil's Disciple
734:: The Outside Story"
659:(September): 17–24.
582:St Andrew Undershaft
325:on 9 December 1915.
19:For other uses, see
1722:Too True to Be Good
1374:George Bernard Shaw
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277:as Bill Walker and
110:George Bernard Shaw
52:George Bernard Shaw
1961:production history
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1687:Back to Methuselah
1596:Fanny's First Play
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1617:Beauty's Duty
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1302:Major Barbara
1300:Program from
1298:
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617:
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535:
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531:
530:Jack Farthing
527:
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497:
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331:
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316:
312:
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303:Louis Calvert
300:
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292:
291:Court Theatre
284:
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1987:
1980:
1973:
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1947:Shaw Theatre
1918:
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1859:
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1743:On the Rocks
1741:
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1666:Macbeth Skit
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1461:
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1400:Passion Play
1398:
1383:Bibliography
1332:
1314:
1301:
1289:
1282:
1269:
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1185:
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1177:
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1123:
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762:. Retrieved
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519:Peter Bowles
513:as Barbara,
496:Jeremy Clyde
494:as Barbara,
477:Alec McCowen
475:as Barbara,
462:Malcolm Keen
440:Joyce Redman
423:as Barbara,
410:
400:as Barbara,
395:
383:Alec McCowen
381:as Barbara,
379:Maggie Smith
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340:as Barbara,
338:Wendy Hiller
327:
315:Oswald Yorke
311:Edmund Gwenn
288:
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236:
228:
224:
216:
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192:Grace George
177:
165:denomination
158:
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119:soup kitchen
104:
103:
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1898:Non-fiction
1582:Misalliance
1231:: 143–161.
1079:: 103–116.
881:: 107–128.
764:24 November
602:The Bacchae
507:BBC Radio 3
492:Anna Massey
488:BBC Radio 4
421:Irene Worth
408:as Cusins.
385:as Cusins,
307:Clare Greet
126:apostrophes
2011:1905 plays
2005:Categories
1847:Immaturity
1708:Saint Joan
1470:The Gadfly
638:References
541:Background
481:Max Adrian
444:Esme Percy
238:to find a
173:converting
48:Written by
1624:Pygmalion
1610:Overruled
1253:201757876
1210:156687492
1101:160860271
916:: 64–84.
856:160860271
809:191267448
759:159544781
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279:Mary Nash
240:foundling
1338:LibriVox
1245:40681737
1163:40682547
1132:40681527
1054:40754113
1023:40682274
992:40754113
961:40754113
930:25528324
904:and the
887:40681060
588:Analysis
220:West Ham
155:Synopsis
130:didactic
1930:Related
1442:Candida
1293:at the
906:Bacchae
703:3204896
568:steel.
136:Setting
94:Setting
79:English
1838:Novels
1785:Geneva
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1200:
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486:1980,
467:1967,
452:1961,
434:1962,
415:1955,
266:(1905)
169:whisky
141:London
97:London
1391:Plays
1249:S2CID
1241:JSTOR
1206:S2CID
1198:JSTOR
1159:JSTOR
1128:JSTOR
1097:S2CID
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988:JSTOR
957:JSTOR
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562:Krupp
509:with
490:with
471:with
438:with
419:with
373:with
88:Drama
84:Genre
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1182:Shaw
1073:Shaw
1042:PMLA
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