919:
1088:
all parties would get their full proportional number of seats, and one party would get the (nominal) bonus on top of that, the total number of seats would increase. While this means the size of the effective bonus (without other factors giving an effective bonus) if always smaller than the nominal one in terms of percentages, this naturally means all the parties who don't receive a bonus have a naturally less seats than they would proportionally.
54:
17:
894:
906:
1072:, a tenth of the assembly seats are granted to the winning coalition on top of those allocated proportionally. The size of majority bonuses may vary greatly, from as low as a few seats to up to 50%. In case of a bonus of 50%, the party also received their proportional share of the other 50% seats, which make a
1672:
As the table shows, especially with a high bonus/jackpot, the two methods lead to different result, with the bonus always providing a higher seat share. For this reason the two are not usually directly compared in this, majority bonuses tend to be smaller than jackpots. The effect of a 55% jackpot
1087:
favoring large parties would give an even larger bonus to the largest party. The reason why the difference of the seats share and vote share (the effective bonus) is lower than the bonus is that the number of non-bonus seats to be allocated proportionally is less than the total number of seats. If
1668:
and an effectively flexible "bonus"), while the bonus system gives the bonus and a proportional share of the rest of the seats. The jackpot only modifies the seat share when the largest party's proportional seats count based on its vote share is below the size of the jackpot.
1951:
The current system as of
September 2024 gives no bonus to the first party if it gets less than 25% of the vote. If it gets more than that, then it gets a bonus of 20 seats plus one seat for every 0.5% of the vote above 25% capping off at 50 seats which is reached at
1324:
while its goal in a political science sense is to provide for stable majorities (a bonus lower than 50%) does not ensure it and applies also when a stable majority can already be formed. This is the main difference between a majority bonus and a majority jackpot.
1019:
on the number of votes received by parties. A relatively small majority bonus (such as in the reinforced proportionality system of Greece) may not always guarantee that a single party can form a government. A the same time, as the majority bonus is allocated in a
1697:
is an effective bonus for certain parties. Some properties of other mixed systems such as so called the "winner compensation" element of
Hungarian electoral system have been criticized for being effectively just a majority bonus disguised as compensation.
1014:
to some parties (most commonly the largest party), with the aim of providing government stability, particularly in parliamentary systems. The size of the majority bonus can vary significantly and usually it is a fixed number of seats, but it may be
995:, which means an independent combination of two systems in which the two formulas are mixed within the same district (the district in question may be a single, nationwide constituency). This makes it distinct from other mixed systems such as
20:
A simple bonus system (left) is also called a fusion type of mixed system. It mixes the FPTP and PR formulas in the same district and tier. A majority jackpot (right) is a supermixed system with a conditional and compensatory element as
1024:
manner, therefore if the majority bonus if as high as 50% and the largest party which has 50% of the popular vote receives it, this party may win as many as 75% of all seats. This differentiated it from the similar
2022:
947:
1079:
The following table shows how small (10%), medium (25%) and large (50%) majority bonuses would work without any additional distortions of proportional systems. Using an
1839:
If the leading party gets 50% of the vote, they get half the seats and the other half are distributed proportionally (leading party gets at least 75% in total).
2115:
1339:
The difference between the majority bonus and a majority jackpot is shown in the following table, where the largest party receives a majority bonus/jackpot.
638:
1703:
1690:
988:
670:
532:
527:
940:
633:
1084:
315:
1842:
If no party gets 50% there is a second round (with all parties above 10% contesting) and the winner of the second round gets the bonus 50%.
839:
2044:
1939:
1798:
90:
1931:
1794:
2014:
933:
834:
1685:
electoral system have been described as providing a bonus to certain parties. Systems using single-member districts, particularly
2130:
1021:
972:
824:
574:
545:
485:
1000:
556:
81:
619:
1899:
1037:
261:
246:
231:
1053:
877:
497:
420:
341:
1930:-led coalition government in 2016, but did not take effect until the second election after it was passed, i.e. that of
1923:
980:
309:
291:
132:
862:
1938:
government (albeit with a slight modification of the original system), so the majority bonus was restored as of the
1898:
was the first politician to enact a law to give automatic seats to the winning party and ensured his victory in the
2120:
1686:
1069:
753:
736:
703:
683:
467:
455:
425:
226:
184:
117:
1665:
1016:
561:
1664:
The jackpot system essentially gives the size of the jackpot or the vote share (whichever is higher, making it a
609:
602:
86:
1868:
663:
591:
580:
443:
430:
413:
390:
368:
331:
321:
2004:
Electoral incentives and the equal value of ballots in vote transfer systems with positive winner compensation
1903:
1334:
1045:
1026:
789:
643:
326:
1935:
1682:
1064:
The bonus system adds a certain fixed number of additional seats to the winning party or alliance. In the
984:
976:
818:
698:
628:
435:
1049:
726:
450:
256:
235:
167:
145:
918:
784:
857:
844:
812:
76:
1822:
Used in multi-member districts, but the majority bonus in all districts is given to the same party.
1864:
1779:
1080:
1033:
763:
597:
250:
1723:
923:
794:
405:
189:
872:
2052:
1068:
up to a sixth of the assembly seats are reserved as extra seats for the winning party. In the
1004:
829:
799:
721:
658:
492:
219:
194:
177:
45:
1975:
Massicotte & Blais (1999). "Mixed electoral systems: a conceptual and empirical survey".
975:
method of electing multiple representatives. The majority bonus is typically classified as a
2125:
1984:
1895:
1065:
968:
910:
867:
758:
746:
460:
336:
162:
156:
138:
127:
122:
110:
71:
33:
2076:
1694:
996:
898:
731:
586:
551:
472:
383:
286:
209:
151:
29:
53:
768:
708:
693:
504:
373:
348:
199:
16:
1988:
893:
2109:
1699:
1073:
777:
477:
265:
103:
66:
41:
517:
281:
274:
204:
1011:
395:
353:
296:
241:
2001:
1714:
The majority bonus system was adopted by other
European countries, especially
2056:
1041:
363:
358:
905:
614:
1689:(FPP) usually favor candidates of larger parties. A Common argument for
400:
1927:
1719:
1715:
2098:
Caciagli, Mario; Alan S. Zuckerman; Istituto Carlo
Cattaneo (2001).
1010:
The goal of the majority bonus system is to give extra seats in a
2045:"Greece's prime minister wins an election, but lacks a majority"
1706:
principle are also effectively bonus seats for certain parties.
1673:
for example is better compared to a bonus of around 10% to 30%.
2100:
Italian
Politics: Emerging Themes and Institutional Responses
52:
1003:. A majority bonus may also be one of the properties of a
2077:"Italy - Politics, Regions, Constitution | Britannica"
1934:. This change was undone in 2020 by the incumbent
1922:A bill abolishing the majority bonus in favor of
1867:is allowed, second ballot (one used for bonus)
991:. An academic term for such a hybrid system is
1827:municipal elections (above 3500 inhabitants)
1040:and on a local level in Italy and France. In
941:
8:
1906:, a precursor to the majority bonus system.
2002:https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15129.34407
1365:Appr. seat share of the largest party (%)
948:
934:
24:
2015:"Parliament votes to change election law"
1728:
1341:
1090:
989:mixed-member majoritarian representation
15:
1964:
1915:
40:
1871:for electing the regional presidency.
1726:for regional and municipal elections.
7:
2025:from the original on 25 January 2020
1970:
1968:
2116:Semi-proportional electoral systems
979:system, as it integrates both the
14:
2102:. Berghahn Books. pp. 87–89.
1819:1-4 seats per district (23%-29%)
917:
904:
892:
840:McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem
486:Semi-proportional representation
118:First preference plurality (FPP)
1046:Chamber of Deputies of Santa Fe
964:, sometimes referred to as the
878:Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
835:Moulin's impossibility theorem
800:Conflicting majorities paradox
1:
1989:10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00063-8
1900:1924 Italian general election
1855:plurality bonus (supermixed)
1120:of the 2nd largest party (%)
1108:of the 2nd largest party (%)
704:Frustrated majorities paradox
873:Condorcet dominance theorems
813:Social and collective choice
1924:proportional representation
1830:majority bonus (two-round)
1814:majority bonus (two-round)
962:majority bonus system (MBS)
539:By mechanism of combination
310:Proportional representation
2147:
1687:first-preference plurality
1677:Effective majority bonuses
1332:
1070:Sicilian Regional Assembly
966:reinforced proportionality
737:Multiple districts paradox
468:Fractional approval voting
456:Interactive representation
1846:
1805:
1704:mixed-member proportional
1691:mixed-member majoritarian
1367:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1114:of the largest party (%)
1102:of the largest party (%)
684:Paradoxes and pathologies
533:Mixed-member proportional
528:Mixed-member majoritarian
523:By results of combination
414:Approval-based committees
1032:It is currently used in
863:Condorcet's jury theorem
664:Double simultaneous vote
639:Rural–urban proportional
634:Dual-member proportional
596:
585:
552:Parallel (superposition)
444:Fractional social choice
431:Expanding approvals rule
260:
245:
230:
161:
150:
126:
2131:Mixed electoral systems
1904:majority jackpot system
1335:Majority jackpot system
1027:majority jackpot system
790:Tyranny of the majority
567:Fusion (majority bonus)
384:Quota-remainder methods
1926:was introduced by the
1094:Nominal size of bonus
987:principles to provide
924:Mathematics portal
830:Majority impossibility
819:Impossibility theorems
615:Negative vote transfer
436:Method of equal shares
57:
22:
1702:in systems using the
1333:Further information:
727:Best-is-worst paradox
716:Pathological response
451:Direct representation
104:Single-winner methods
56:
19:
2019:www.ekathimerini.com
1876:municipal elections
1316:The bonus system is
1085:apportionment method
1044:, it is used in the
999:(superposition) and
911:Economics portal
858:Median voter theorem
77:Comparative politics
2021:. 24 January 2020.
1863:2 ballots (votes),
1852:regional elections
1797:but restored as of
1730:
1693:implementations of
1343:
1081:electoral threshold
899:Politics portal
610:Vote linkage system
581:Seat linkage system
168:Ranked-choice (RCV)
2081:www.britannica.com
1940:June 2023 election
1780:national elections
1729:
1666:conditional system
1361:largest party (%)
1359:Vote share of the
1342:
795:Discursive dilemma
754:Lesser evil voting
629:Supermixed systems
332:Largest remainders
190:Round-robin voting
58:
23:
2121:Electoral systems
1977:Electoral Studies
1888:
1887:
1811:French Polynesia
1737:Type of election
1662:
1661:
1329:Bonus and jackpot
1322:non-compensatory,
1314:
1313:
1118:Appr. seat share
1112:Appr. seat share
1005:supermixed system
973:semi-proportional
958:
957:
845:Gibbard's theorem
785:Dominance paradox
722:Perverse response
426:Phragmen's method
292:Majority judgment
220:Positional voting
178:Condorcet methods
46:electoral systems
2138:
2103:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1972:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1920:
1896:Benito Mussolini
1865:ticket splitting
1785:plurality bonus
1762:plurality bonus
1759:local elections
1731:
1368:Effective bonus
1344:
1091:
1076:almost certain.
1066:Greek Parliament
1038:French Polynesia
969:electoral system
950:
943:
936:
922:
921:
909:
908:
897:
896:
852:Positive results
747:Strategic voting
644:Majority jackpot
601:
590:
461:Liquid democracy
337:National remnant
327:Highest averages
264:
249:
234:
166:
157:Alternative vote
155:
139:Partisan primary
131:
72:Mechanism design
25:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2059:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1893:
1740:Type of system
1712:
1695:parallel voting
1683:winner-take-all
1679:
1376:Jackpot system
1337:
1331:
1062:
997:parallel voting
985:winner-take-all
981:proportionality
977:mixed electoral
954:
916:
915:
903:
891:
883:
882:
849:
825:Arrow's theorem
815:
805:
804:
773:
743:
732:No-show paradox
713:
699:Cloning paradox
689:Spoiler effects
686:
676:
675:
650:
537:
520:
510:
509:
482:
473:Maximal lottery
440:
421:Thiele's method
410:
380:
312:
302:
301:
287:Approval voting
275:Cardinal voting
271:
216:
210:Maximal lottery
174:
106:
96:
12:
11:
5:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2068:
2036:
2006:
1994:
1983:(3): 341–366.
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:(legislative)
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:Size of bonus
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1711:
1708:
1700:Overhang seats
1678:
1675:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1330:
1327:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1061:
1058:
956:
955:
953:
952:
945:
938:
930:
927:
926:
914:
913:
901:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
816:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
772:
771:
769:Turkey-raising
766:
761:
756:
742:
741:
740:
739:
729:
724:
712:
711:
709:Center squeeze
706:
701:
696:
694:Spoiler effect
687:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
668:
667:
666:
653:By ballot type
649:
648:
647:
646:
641:
636:
626:
625:
624:
623:
622:
617:
607:
606:
605:
594:
571:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
536:
535:
530:
521:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
505:Limited voting
502:
501:
500:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
464:
463:
458:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
379:
378:
377:
376:
374:Localized list
371:
366:
361:
356:
346:
345:
344:
342:Biproportional
339:
334:
329:
313:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
270:
269:
254:
239:
215:
214:
213:
212:
207:
202:
197:
187:
173:
172:
171:
170:
159:
146:Instant-runoff
143:
142:
141:
133:Jungle primary
120:
109:Single vote -
107:
102:
101:
98:
97:
95:
94:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
60:
59:
49:
48:
38:
37:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2143:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:The Economist
2046:
2040:
2037:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:New Democracy
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1902:. This was a
1901:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1718:in 2004, and
1717:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:Bonus system
1372:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:unconditional
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1074:supermajority
1071:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
967:
963:
951:
946:
944:
939:
937:
932:
931:
929:
928:
925:
920:
912:
907:
902:
900:
895:
890:
889:
887:
886:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:May's theorem
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
853:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:
814:
809:
808:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
780:
779:
778:majority rule
776:Paradoxes of
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
748:
738:
735:
734:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
690:
685:
680:
679:
672:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
656:
655:
654:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
630:
627:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
611:
608:
604:
599:
595:
593:
588:
584:
583:
582:
579:
578:
577:
576:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
547:
542:
541:
540:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
519:
518:Mixed systems
514:
513:
506:
503:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
490:
489:
488:
487:
479:
478:Random ballot
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
448:
447:
446:
445:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
415:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
350:
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
322:Apportionment
320:
319:
318:
317:
311:
306:
305:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
267:
263:
258:
257:Antiplurality
255:
252:
248:
243:
240:
237:
233:
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
188:
186:
185:Condorcet-IRV
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
169:
164:
160:
158:
153:
149:
148:
147:
144:
140:
137:
136:
134:
129:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
114:
112:
105:
100:
99:
92:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
67:Social choice
65:
64:
62:
61:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:Social choice
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
18:
2099:
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2083:. 2024-08-09
2080:
2071:
2060:. Retrieved
2048:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2018:
2009:
1997:
1980:
1976:
1947:
1918:
1894:
1869:is also used
1847:
1840:
1806:
1793:Not used in
1774:
1754:
1713:
1680:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1624:
1619:
1602:
1590:
1583:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1503:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1446:
1439:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1381:
1360:
1355:jackpot (%)
1354:
1348:
1338:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1297:
1284:
1276:
1263:
1255:
1242:
1234:
1221:
1213:
1200:
1192:
1179:
1171:
1158:
1150:
1137:
1129:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1078:
1063:
1031:
1022:compensatory
1009:
992:
965:
961:
959:
851:
850:
817:
775:
774:
759:Exaggeration
745:
744:
715:
714:
688:
652:
651:
620:Mixed ballot
575:Compensatory
573:
566:
546:compensatory
543:
538:
522:
484:
483:
442:
441:
412:
411:
382:
381:
369:List-free PR
314:
282:Score voting
273:
272:
218:
217:
205:Ranked pairs
176:
175:
108:
1743:Used since
1106:Vote share
1100:Vote share
1017:conditional
1012:legislature
1001:coexistence
659:Single vote
562:Conditional
557:Coexistence
406:Quota Borda
396:Schulze STV
354:Closed list
297:STAR voting
242:Borda count
2110:Categories
2087:2024-08-11
2062:2023-06-07
2029:25 January
1960:References
1790:0%-16.66%
1349:bonus (%)
1054:Entre RĂos
764:Truncation
493:Cumulative
316:Party-list
91:By country
82:Comparison
2057:0013-0613
1799:June 2023
1060:Mechanism
1042:Argentina
671:Dual-vote
364:Panachage
359:Open list
349:List type
227:Plurality
123:Two-round
111:plurality
34:Economics
2023:Archived
1932:May 2023
1795:May 2023
1734:Country
1353:Size of
1347:Size of
391:Hare STV
30:Politics
28:A joint
2126:Fascism
1891:History
1755:Andorra
401:CPO-STV
251:Baldwin
200:Schulze
195:Minimax
113:methods
2055:
1928:Syriza
1807:France
1775:Greece
1749:Notes
1720:France
1716:Greece
1083:or an
1052:, and
1050:Chubut
1034:Greece
993:fusion
266:Coombs
36:series
1910:Notes
1848:Italy
1833:1982
1724:Italy
1681:Many
971:is a
603:'MMP'
592:'AMS'
21:well.
2053:ISSN
2031:2020
1952:40%.
1860:20%
1836:50%
1767:50%
1722:and
1646:55%
1631:55%
1609:55%
1599:50%
1580:55%
1556:55%
1532:55%
1508:45%
1484:45%
1460:45%
1436:45%
1412:45%
1388:45%
1320:and
1310:11%
1302:25%
1294:55%
1289:19%
1281:25%
1273:25%
1268:23%
1260:25%
1252:10%
1247:11%
1239:25%
1231:55%
1226:19%
1218:25%
1210:25%
1205:23%
1197:25%
1189:10%
1184:13%
1176:25%
1168:50%
1163:19%
1155:25%
1147:25%
1142:23%
1134:25%
1126:10%
1096:(%)
1020:non-
983:and
960:The
544:Non-
498:SNTV
87:List
44:and
32:and
1985:doi
1710:Use
1652:60%
1642:60%
1634:0%
1625:55%
1620:55%
1612:0%
1603:55%
1591:23%
1584:78%
1574:50%
1567:11%
1560:66%
1550:25%
1536:60%
1526:10%
1519:15%
1514:60%
1504:60%
1495:10%
1490:55%
1480:55%
1466:50%
1456:50%
1447:28%
1440:73%
1430:50%
1423:14%
1416:59%
1406:25%
1392:51%
1382:10%
1306:82%
1298:60%
1285:70%
1277:60%
1264:64%
1256:60%
1243:75%
1235:45%
1222:59%
1214:45%
1201:51%
1193:45%
1180:65%
1172:30%
1159:48%
1151:30%
1138:37%
1130:30%
262:el.
247:el.
236:IRV
232:el.
2112::
2079:.
2051:.
2047:.
2017:.
1981:18
1979:.
1967:^
1801:.
1657:5%
1543:5%
1471:5%
1399:6%
1056:.
1048:,
1036:,
1029:.
1007:.
598:NZ
587:UK
163:US
152:UK
135:)
128:US
2090:.
2065:.
2033:.
1991:.
1987::
1942:.
949:e
942:t
935:v
600::
589::
268:)
259:(
253:)
244:(
238:)
229:(
165::
154::
130::
125:(
93:)
89:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
