Māori Battalion - Knowledge

1030:. Throughout January the Allies continued their advance, but as they were checked by the German positions at Cassino the advance stalled. On the night of 17/18 February 1944, as part of an attempt to establish a bridgehead into the German lines, the Māori were tasked with attacking the railway station in Cassino. They met very stiff resistance, and although they managed to reach the railway station they were unable to wrest control of it from its defenders. Lacking armoured support, which had failed to arrive, they fought through the morning and into the afternoon, but when their position was assaulted by two German tanks they were forced to withdraw. The two assaulting companies, 'A' and 'B', suffered over 60 per cent casualties, losing 128 men killed or wounded. In March they were again involved in fighting around Cassino, however, it was not until May that the position was eventually captured, by which time the New Zealanders had been withdrawn from the line, and transferred back to the Eighth Army. 486: 1000:, and was involved in heavy fighting there, first capturing and then losing it following a counter-attack by German armour. A subsequent attack against Orsogna was planned by the New Zealanders utilising both the 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades. The attack was scheduled for 7 December, with both brigades to advance on a one battalion front. The Māori Battalion would lead the assault in the 5th Infantry Brigade section, up the Pascuccio spur to cut the Orsogna–Ortona road east of the 6th Infantry Brigade's objective. Fairbrother planned to assault with two companies forward, one in depth and one in reserve, with support from armour and anti-tank guns. This could not be provided though, as difficult terrain prevented tracked vehicles from moving across the Moro and up on to Pascuccio. 420:. A lack of previous experience in technical trades also hampered the battalion's training, as the unit was short of men who were able to serve in roles such as clerks, drivers and signallers – most personnel were drawn from mainly rural backgrounds. Consequently, candidates for these roles had to be trained from scratch. The organisation of the battalion was finally completed in March, when the men were allocated to their respective companies, and on 13 March 1940 the 28th (Māori) Battalion was declared on active service. After 14 days leave, the battalion conducted a five-week concentration period before embarking on 1 May 1940. The battalion's strength at this time was 39 officers and 642 other ranks. 679:

in contact with the Germans and amidst high winds and a heavy downpour of rain, the New Zealanders had difficulty disengaging. Withdrawing over difficult terrain towards the pass, the manoeuvre continued into the night as the Germans continued to harass their rearguard units. The move was carried out with considerable urgency because the intention was to blow a bridge up just after the battalion had withdrawn across it in order to delay the German advance. In the end the battalion only just made it, for the engineers tasked with carrying out the demolition had received the order to complete their task and were about to detonate when the battalion arrived shortly after 3:00 am.

976:. Montgomery shifted the 8th Indian Division to the right in secret to narrow the V Corps front and concentrate its power, bringing the newly arrived 2nd New Zealand Division into the gap. Heavy rain flooded the river, forcing the postponement of the offensive and giving the Germans time to move in reinforcements. In the early hours of 28 November the Eighth Army attack began, supported by heavy artillery concentrations. The New Zealanders advanced steadily, capturing the bulk of their objectives. The Māori Battalion, still in brigade reserve, stood to during the attack but was not required. 807: 916:, managed to scale the western side of the escarpment and gain a foothold on the pinnacle in the early dawn. Following heavy shellfire and hand-to-hand combat with the Italian defenders, the Māori were forced off the pinnacle twice; each time, though, Manahi led his small force in a counterattack. In the afternoon, Manahi and two other men captured a number of machine gun and mortar positions, encircling the Italians and forcing them to surrender. For these actions, Manahi was also recommended for a Victoria Cross, but the nomination was not approved and he received a 1283:: Olympus Pass, Crete, El Alamein, Tebega Gap, Takrouna, North Africa 1942–43, Orsogna, Cassino 1, The Senio, Italy 1943–45, Mount Olympus, Greece 1941, Maleme, Canea, 42nd Street, Withdrawal to Sphakia, Middle East 1941–44, Tobruk 1941, Sidi Azeiz, Zemla, Alem Hamza, Mersa Matruh, Minqar Qaim, Defence of Alamein Line, El Mreir, Alam el Halfa, Nofilia, Medinine, El Hamma, Enfidaville, Djebibina, The Sangro, Castel Frentano, Monastery Hill, Advance to Florence, San Michele, Paula Line, Celle, Saint Angelo in Salute, Santerno Crossing, Bologna and Idice Bridgehead. 639: 1454:

Cpl J. Heke; Cpl J. Pirihi; Cpl J. Tainui; Cpl T. Tamou; Cpl P. R. Te Rito; Cpl J. Tupene; Cpl R. Waaka; L-Cpl D. Alex; L-Cpl B. Hardiman; L-Cpl G. D. King; L-Cpl H. Ruha; Pte C. T. Apihai; Pte R. H. Bidois; Pte R. Bluett; Pte A. N. Carroll; Pte T. E. Duncan; Pte K. Edward; Pte H. Grant; Pte R. Hemi; Pte R. Hoani; Pte F. Jones; Pte J. Kira; Pte R. McLean; Pte G. Matthews; Pte T. T. Nathan; Pte J. M. Ngapo; Pte G. Nia-Nia; Pte W. Panoho; Pte M. R. Potae; Pte K. Rangi; Pte G. Sutherland; Pte F. Te Namu; Pte T. H. Tuhi and Pte P. Wilson.

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service against the Germans in North Africa earned them a distinguished reputation. Such was the respect that Allied commanders had for the Māori Battalion that they were frequently used as a spearhead unit. Bernard Freyberg, the General Officer Commanding of the 2NZEF, commented, "No infantry had a more distinguished record, or saw more fighting, or, alas, had such heavy casualties, as the Maori Battalion." The battalion's reputation was also acknowledged by their opponents. Some sources state that the Afrika Korps commander

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Battalion was allocated 230 men to embark, while six officers and 144 men would have to stay behind. A large number of men volunteered to remain, and at midnight the remainder headed down to the beach and were taken off on a landing ship two hours later. The battalion suffered 243 casualties during the brief defence of the island, including 74 men killed and 102 men wounded. A further 67 were captured, of which 46 were wounded. For his leadership of the battalion during the fighting on Crete, Dittmer received the

1120:. On 15 August 1945 news was received of Japan's unconditional surrender, ending plans for the battalion to take part in further combat in the Pacific. In September it was decided that as part of the departure of New Zealand troops from the theatre, memorial services would be held at the locations of the division's major battles. As a part of this programme services were held at Cassino and Sangro and on Crete, while smaller parties were sent to Coriano Ridge, Faenza, Forli, Padua, Monfalcone and Udine. 892:. On 2 November the battalion supported the final breakthrough by Allied forces that decided the outcome of the battle. Casualties were high during this time and three of its commanding officers were either killed or wounded between July and November 1942. Nevertheless, the battalion remained in the fighting and in March 1943, at Medenine it undertook a defensive role before switching to the offensive at Point 209 in the Tebaga Gap, where it was responsible for almost completely destroying a German 747: 683:

5th Infantry Brigade pulled back through Larisa towards Lamia, 80 miles (130 km) south. Along roads packed with vehicles and civilian traffic they withdrew amidst considerable confusion. Upon arrival at Thermopylae the battalion had had just enough time to dig in before receiving the order that they were to move their position in order to make way for the 6th Infantry Brigade. They completed this move by 21 April, taking up the same positions that

865:. Their first task was to capture the seaside town of Sollum, which was taken on 23 November from its Italian garrison with only a few casualties. Follow-up artillery inflicted 18 killed and 33 wounded however, including the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel George Dittmer, and two company commanders. Two hundred and forty-seven Italian prisoners were taken. Following this, the 5th Infantry Brigade was placed under the command of the 347:, the act of raising the battalion was seen as offering the chance to "prove the worth of Maoridom...and even secure the long-term goal of Maori autonomy". At first the New Zealand government was hesitant, but on 4 October, the decision was announced that the proposal would be accepted and that the battalion would be raised in addition to the nine battalions and support units that had already been formed into three brigades of the 743:. The landings were focused around the airfield and no troops landed in the area being held by the Māori, nevertheless, a small force of glider troops were found to be occupying a house on the beach about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from them. A platoon was dispatched to attack them and after a brief fire-fight in which two New Zealanders were wounded and eight Germans were killed, the 10 remaining men in the house surrendered. 66: 980: 3639: 1109:. New Zealand policy at the time was that long serving men were to be repatriated and their places taken by men with less time in service. In this regard, commencing in late May, drafts of men departed in the order of their arrival at the battalion. This included the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Arapeta Awatere, who was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel James Henare. 655:, that the 28th Battalion fought its first engagement of the war. In preparation for the coming attack, the Māori built their position, running out barbed and concertina wire and digging in while German bombers droned overhead. During the night they carried out patrols along the Mavroneri riverbed, but no contact was made. The following morning, the 1053:, for which its commanding officer later received a Distinguished Service Order. The winter snow set in after this and, as Allied attentions were temporarily focused elsewhere, offensive action died down. Thus, throughout January, February and into March the battalion undertook defensive duties, before being withdrawn from the line in mid-March. 635:. Vastly outnumbered, within two days the situation for the Allies worsened, as the Germans broke through the defences along the Bulgarian border and the Yugoslav resistance collapsed. As the situation worsened, orders came down from brigade headquarters that the passes would be held "to the last man and last round". 1197:, was also recommended for the award. During the fighting around Takrouna in 1943, Manahi led a section of men up a sheer limestone escarpment to capture a number of Italian positions; the following day he set out to capture Italian outposts. Four generals, including Harold Alexander, Bernard Freyberg, 1434:

Maj W.S.L. Mcrae; Maj H.W. Northcroft; Maj W. Reedy; Capt A. Awatere; Capt C.N. D'Arcy (attached from NZMC); Capt I.G. Harris; Capt K.A. Keiha; Capt H.C.A. Lambert; Capt J. Matehaere; Capt P.F.Te H. Ornberg; Capt R. Royal; Capt Te M.R. Tomoana; Capt M. Wikiriwhi, DSO; Lt W. Porter; Lt Te R.W. Tibble;

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After meeting motor transport, the battalion moved back to Ay Dhimitrios, which they began to prepare to defend in order to help seal off the exit of the Olympus pass. The withdrawal continued, though, and on 19 April the Māori Battalion was called upon to conduct a delaying action as the rest of the

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and four rifle companies, designated 'A' through 'D': 'A' Company (Kamupene ā – Ngā Kiri Kapia – the Gumdiggers) was recruited from the Northland to Auckland ; 'B' Company (Kamupene B – Ngā Ruku Kapa – Penny Divers) from Rotorua, the Bay of Plenty and Thames–Coromandel; 'C' Company (Kamupene C –

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had surrendered. While this did not officially end the fighting in Italy, it was all but over. Five days later, on the night of 7 May, the battalion received the news that Germany had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, and that the war in Europe was over. Nevertheless, tensions remained high

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for its advance up the west coast of Italy towards Rome. Leaving behind the bitter cold on the other side of the peninsula, the battalion undertook a period of training and reorganisation near Sant' Angelo d'Alife. At this time Fairbrother was replaced by another pākehā officer, Major Russell Young,

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The battalion returned to Egypt with the 5th Infantry Brigade in late-May and underwent a period of refit and retraining, during which the bulk of the original unit was given three months leave and returned to New Zealand. Following the evacuation to hospital of Lieutenant Colonel Kingi Keiha, there

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at the New Zealanders, wounding two men. In response the Māori fixed bayonets and carried out the first bayonet charge by a New Zealand force during the war, killing 24. A short while later they killed another eight in a separate engagement. Continuing on towards the 22nd Battalion, they bumped into

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where they formed part of the island's hastily formed garrison. The 5th Infantry Brigade was allocated to the area surrounding the airfield and the battalion was positioned on the north coast at Platanias, on the brigade's right flank. On 20 May 1941, the Germans launched the opening stages of their

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In the end the Māori remained in position until 17 April. Throughout the previous two days the battalion worked hard to repel repeated attempts by elements of the German 2nd Infantry Regiment to infiltrate their lines, before they finally received the order to fall back. With isolated platoons still

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Shortly afterwards the Mixed Brigade began quick deployment and defensive manoeuvres in earnest, as fears of invasion grew. In between exercises, further training was undertaken and the battalion also worked to improve fixed defences throughout July, August and into September. These exercises varied

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Following this the routine of the battalion became more settled and time was found for the men of each company to spend a fortnight at a hotel on the Lignano beach. Afterwards, preparations began for the battalion's return to New Zealand. The war with Japan continued however, and at the time it was

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Two weeks later, on the night 19/20 April 1943, the battalion took part in the 5th Infantry Brigade's attack on the Tunisian village of Takrouna. The village was situated atop a steep slope, and the attack stalled due to heavy concentrations of indirect fire and landmines, which wounded a number of

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Over the course of the next two days, the battalion withdrew towards Athens, where they arrived in the early morning on 24 April. They continued on to the beach at Porto Rafti, destroying their vehicles and other equipment as they went. In the confusion of orders and counter orders, the battalion's

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positions began in early October and within three weeks nearly 900 men had enlisted. The process was carried out by recruiting officers who worked closely with tribal authorities, and the recruits were restricted to single men aged between 21 and 35, although later married men were allowed to join,

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WO II K. Harawira; WO II W. Pahau; S-Sgt K. Rangitauira; Sgt J. August; Sgt R. Cullen; Sgt G. Katene; Sgt R. C. H. Kirkwood (EME, attached); Sgt M. Kupa; Sgt H. Mackey; Sgt T. Matenga; Sgt T. Pitama; Sgt W. Te Waiti; Sgt J. I. Walker; Sgt P. Walters; Sgt I. Weepu; L-Sgt T. Trainor; Cpl N. B. Cook;

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before returning to Egypt in June 1942. Now officially under the command of a Māori for the first time—Lieutenant Colonel Eruera Love having taken over from Dyer in May—the Māori took part in the 2nd New Zealand Division's breakout from Minqar Qaim, undertaking a successful bayonet charge. At this

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On 30 May the final order was received, although due to shipping losses it was not possible to evacuate everyone. In order to maintain fairness, each battalion was allotted a certain number of men who would have to remain and defend the embarkation beaches to allow the others to get away. The 28th

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The attack on Orsogna began at 3:30 pm, following a half-hour artillery bombardment, and marked the battalion's first battle on Italian soil. Although initially some progress was made, the Germans managed to hold Orsogna throughout December amidst intense hand-to-hand fighting. Finally, the

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and the Māori Battalion moved forward by truck on 1 December, crossing the Sangro. Heavy congestion on the road delayed the battalion's movements, and although scheduled to assault towards Elici, they arrived to find the 23rd Battalion and the Division Cavalry had already completed the task. The

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platoons had gotten separated from the rest of the unit. By 9:00 pm on 24 April when the final move to the beach commenced they still had not arrived. The operation went according to plan however, and by 3:00 am on 25 April the transports embarked. Of the various groups that had become

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of Australian, British and New Zealand troops were to be deployed, and were grouped together under the title of 'W' Force. However, by the time the invasion began only two of the three divisions had arrived, and the New Zealanders were consequently spread thin, holding a position to the north of

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and one from the 28th. The task was given to 'B' Company and, as the company commander only knew the direct route, they had a night approach march of over 8 miles (13 km) to cover. During the march they came in contact with a platoon-sized force of Germans which briefly held up the company

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Throughout the course of the war, 3,600 men served in the battalion. Of these, 649 were killed or died of wounds while another 1,712 were wounded. Another 29 died as a result of service following discharge, while two were killed by accident during training in New Zealand. The Māori Battalion's

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precipitated the order for the battalion to withdraw from their positions at Katerini south to Olympus. As events unfolded elsewhere, the battalion remained in position, digging in and constructing defences until 12 April when they were ordered to withdraw behind Mavroneri Gorge and reposition

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a number of small pockets of Germans before eventually linking up with the 22nd Battalion's headquarters where they were told to return to their own lines as the decision had been made to withdraw from the airfield. Eleven hours later the company reported back to the 28th Battalion's lines.

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team against a Welsh side at Langley Park, losing 12–3. Later in the month, the battalion received the order to begin preparing for redeployment to Egypt and an advance party was dispatched in mid-December. On 7 January 1941 the rest of the battalion left for the Middle East, embarking from

854:, known as the "Kaponga Box" where throughout September and into October they undertook the unfamiliar task of road construction. In October, the brigade received orders to link up with the rest of the division in preparation for their commitment to the battle along the frontier. 1123:

The last batch of long service men had departed shortly after the battalion's arrival at Lake Trasimene, and so after this it was decided that the battalion would return to New Zealand as a formed unit. As such their return was to be delayed and so they found winter quarters in

366:, would initially be filled largely by New Zealanders of European descent. This decision was met with some consternation, so assurances were made that over time suitable Māori candidates would take over these positions. In this regard, it was decided that the battalion's first 1165:

remarked "Give me the Maori Battalion and I will conquer the world". However, the attribution of this remark has been called in to question, as Rommel never mentioned the battalion in his memoirs. Other sources attribute this comment to Rommel's former chief of staff, General

1136:. In this vein, a 270-strong contingent from the battalion was sent to Japan under the designation of 'D' Squadron, 2nd Divisional Cavalry Battalion, under the command of Major J.S Baker. Finally, on 6 December the battalion entrained at Florence and embarked on the 1216:

announced that the award could not be made as King George VI had ruled in 1949 that no further awards from the Second World War ought to be made. Instead, it was decided that Manahi would be recognised by the presentation of an altar cloth, a personal letter from

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lodged a claim with the Waitangi Tribunal for Haane Manahi to have his award of the Distinguished Conduct Medal upgraded to a Victoria Cross. In December 2005 the Waitangi Tribunal released their findings supporting the claim, but in October 2006 the New Zealand

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detached from the battalion, some were able to make their own way to the embarkation beaches, but a number of them were ultimately captured. The battalion's casualties in Greece were 10 killed or died of wounds, six wounded, 83 captured, 11 wounded and captured.

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on 27 May in which 280 Germans were killed, with the Māori accounting for 100. However, it soon became clear that the garrison on Crete would need to be evacuated and on 28 May the bulk of Creforce began to disengage the Germans and begin the retreat towards

1084:. It was in Trieste that the Māori Battalion's war came to an end. Their involvement in the final stages of the fighting in Italy had cost them 25 killed and 117 wounded, while losses for the entire Italian campaign were 230 men killed, and 887 wounded. 413:

Ngā kaupoi – The Cowboys) from the East Coast from Gisborne to East Cape and 'D' Company (Ngāti Walkabout) from Waikato, Maniapoto, Hawkes Bay, Wellington and the South Island, as well as some Pacific Islands and the Chatham and Stewart Islands.

631:, where they were tasked to defend the strategic Olympus Pass to the south. During this time, the 28th (Māori) Battalion was attached to the 5th Infantry Brigade, which was later grouped with other Australian and New Zealand units to form the 474:. During this time they manned defences in the south of England and undertook further training. The battalion suffered from a lack of equipment, largely due to the priority given to re-equip British units following the losses suffered by the 834:

After their escape from Crete, the 28th (Māori) Battalion was evacuated to Egypt where they were re-issued with summer uniforms and began to receive reinforcements. In June they carried out a ceremonial parade for King George VI and the

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After Dittmer was wounded on 23 November 1941 Captain Love commanded the battalion in an acting capacity until 7 December 1941 when Dyer took command, although Dyer was not officially given that appointment until 7 February

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commanders have acknowledged. It became the most-decorated New Zealand battalion during the war. Following the end of hostilities, the battalion contributed a contingent of personnel to serve in Japan as part of the

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Lt J.P. Tikao-Barrett; 2 Lt J.S. Baker; 2 Lt B.G. Christy; 2 Lt A. Huata; 2 Lt P.O. Lambly and Rev W.Te T. Huata (Chaplain, attached). Bar to the MC: Capt J.S. Baker, MC; Capt W. Porter, MC; and Capt R. Royal, MC.

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Over the course of the next ten days the battalion was involved in a series of engagements as they fought to defend the island, with the most notable probably being the bayonet charge that they undertook with the

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on 3 March 1941. In the afternoon the battalion entrained and two days later they arrived in the desert, where they were met by motor transport which carried them to camp Garawi, about 20 miles (32 km) from

941:. 5th Infantry Brigade undertook a period of training in close-country tactics, remaining in camp at Taranto until 18 November when it was ordered to move north 250 miles (400 km) to join the Eighth Army. 1444:

WO I M.T. Mcrae; WO I A.C. Wood; Sgt R. Davis; Sgt J.W. Mataira; L-Sgt H. Manahi; Cpl H.K. Barrett; Cpl P. Rakena; Cpl W. Teneti; Cpl N. Tuakti; Pte T. Heka; Pte L. Helmbright; Pte P. Maangi; Pte C. Shelford.

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The main German attack was focused upon the 22nd Battalion which was defending the airfield. Hard pressed, late in the day the 22nd requested reinforcements and the 5th Infantry Brigade commander, Brigadier

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review was undertaken and amidst massive German air raids upon London, the New Zealanders were declared to be ready for front-line service in the event of a German landing. Warning orders for deployment to

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February saw the issuing of equipment and the commencement of training; punctuated by medical inspections and dental treatment as well as ceremonial duties surrounding the commemoration of the

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Māori were withdrawn from the line on the night of 15/16 January 1944 when they were relieved by an Indian unit. Over the course of the battle, they had lost 11 men killed and 222 wounded.

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and he was said to have been impressed by the "smartness of the close order and arms drill of the Māori Battalion" and "by the fine physique, keenness and determined demeanour" of the men.

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where they concentrated with the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade for a three-week combined operations exercise. Later, in August, they moved to a position 20 miles (32 km) west of

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meant that the 28th (Māori) Battalion remained on high alert. This continued until early June when an agreement was reached and Yugoslavia withdrew its troops east of the Isonzo River.

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themselves on the western aspect. At this time the 5th Infantry Brigade's orders were changed from a holding action to a delay and withdrawal. It was in the Petra Pass, alongside the

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Almost immediately effort was focused upon selecting and identifying the officers and NCOs. To this end volunteers were called for among units that had already formed as part of the

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once again put the battalion's position in doubt and they were again ordered to withdraw. Meanwhile, the Anzac Corps decided to make its last stand 100 miles (160 km) south at

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were no suitable senior Māori officers available and he was replaced as commanding officer by Lieutenant Colonel Monty Fairbrother on 11 September. Having taken no part in the

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Three days later the battalion attacked a column of tanks and motorised infantry before ambushing a column at Menastir on 3 December. Later, notable actions were undertaken at

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action, conducted a withdrawal through the battalion's position, making the Māori Battalion the most forward Allied unit. As German forces were halted at Platamon by the

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and Bernard Law Montgomery had recommended that Manahi receive the Victoria Cross but this recommendation was downgraded in London to the Distinguished Conduct Medal.

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Māori were again ordered into reserve, occupying positions 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Castelfrentano. Meanwhile, on 3 December, the 6th Infantry Brigade assaulted

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In total, the Māori Battalion received more individual bravery decorations than any other New Zealand battalion. One member of the battalion, Second Lieutenant

393:, where even serving officers and NCOs were required to prove their suitability for positions in the new battalion. Concurrently, recruiting of men to fill the 888:

In September and October the battalion took part in important actions as part of the offensive in the Munassib Depression and at Miteiriya Ridge during the

339:, and from this support within the Māori community for the idea began to grow as it was seen as an opportunity for Māori to participate as citizens of the 3476: 475: 3217: 323:

The 28th (Māori) Battalion had its origins before the start of the Second World War. In mid-1939, as war in Europe began to be seen as inevitable, Sir

1237: 656: 3002: 382:, a part-Māori who would take up the position with the rank of major. Both men were veterans of the First World War and had considerable experience. 3696: 3300: 619: 328: 255: 1056:

In April 1945 the battalion returned to the front line to take part in the final stages of the war. On 1 April the battalion entered the line near

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for the winter, remaining there for two months. During this time limited training was undertaken, although upon invitation the battalion fielded a

1170:, who met with the former Māori Battalion chaplain, Reverend Canon Wiremu T. Huata, during a 1972 Afrika Korps reunion dinner in Mainz, Germany. 1157:, at Aotea Quay for an official Māori welcome home ceremony. Afterwards the men were sent back to their homes and the battalion was disbanded. 243: 485: 3601: 3551: 3512: 3438: 3415: 632: 307: 478:

in France, and consequently training was largely focused upon anti-gas procedures and route marching. On 6 July they were inspected by King

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Due to these losses, the battalion did not return to the front until July 1944. It subsequently took part in the Allied advance towards

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time, the battalion's skills with the bayonet earned them a reputation as "scalp hunters" among German commanders, including Rommel.

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in 480 BC, according to legend. Here they took up position in a marsh and as they made preparations for its defence, on 22 April, in

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in July – August, the 2nd New Zealand Division was committed to battle again in late 1943 as part of Eighth Army during the

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Show Grounds. Upon formation it was decided that the battalion would be organised upon tribal lines. The unit consisted of a

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in September. In November, Awatere took over command substantively, and in December the battalion launched an attack around

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along with the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade and for the next month they were involved in five main battles along the

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and at Sidi Magreb where over 1,000 Italians prisoners were captured. Following this, the battalion was deployed to

3393:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45. Wellington: Historical Publications Branch. 1008: 806: 512: 3752: 1672: 930: 3570: 3048: 1186: 973: 897: 846:. Throughout July, the battalion undertook desert familiarisation training and sports parades before moving to 790:

to carry out a rearguard action to guard the pass through which the troops had to traverse in order to escape.

695:, the decision was made that the units of the British Commonwealth forces would be withdrawn from the country. 623: 447: 359: 348: 278: 107: 3141: 1057: 764:

before reinforcements could arrive. The German force surrendered, but in doing so one of their number threw a

3227: 1416:; Lt-Col C.M. Bennett; Lt-Col G. Dittmer, MBE, MC; Lt-Col R.R.T. Young; Maj J.C. Henare; and Lt M. Wikiriwhi. 327:

started to discuss proposals for the formation of a military unit made up of Māori volunteers similar to the

1106: 1019:, the Māori Battalion's next major engagement came in early 1944 when they took part in the fighting around 495: 409: 3127: 470:

In late June or early July 1940 the 28th (Māori) Battalion was attached to a mixed brigade under Brigadier

1376: 717: 355: 298: 290: 165: 41: 3304: 467:-sized force that included the 28th (Māori) Battalion, to Britain to help bolster the island's defences. 3527:

Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, Vol II: The Canadians in Italy, 1943–1945

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On 26 January 1940 the battalion came together for the first time, marking its official raising at the

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organisations throughout the country wanting to see a full Māori unit raised for service overseas. The

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Orange, Claudia (2000). "The Price of Citizenship? The Maori War Effort". In Crawford, John (ed.).

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river valley. The Eighth Army's forward units had reached the Sangro in early November and General

503: 471: 389:(2NZEF) and from new recruits. At the end of November, 146 trainees reported to the Army School at 3163: 1073: 542:

company. The following month, with an invasion now considered unlikely, the battalion returned to

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In October, the Māori Battalion was attached to "Milforce", under Dittmer's command, along with a

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men, including the commanding officer. Nevertheless, two sections under the command of Sergeant

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The 2nd New Zealand Division had moved into the front line in November in order to relieve the

600:

and to bring the battalion up to a higher establishment. Shortly afterwards they were moved to

3597: 3578: 3547: 3530: 3508: 3489: 3456: 3434: 3411: 3394: 3373: 1328: 700: 375: 332: 217: 125: 3105: 446:, Scotland, after six weeks at sea. Initially they had been destined to join the rest of the 270:. It also offered Māori the opportunity to prove themselves and potentially secure autonomy. 3427: 1045:, although he returned in late August and subsequently led them through the fighting around 961: 847: 843: 827: 402: 394: 324: 286: 236: 232: 155: 150: 79: 1012:

who was promoted to lieutenant colonel and subsequently led the battalion until July 1944.

1345: 1038: 983:

Troops from the Maori battalion escort German prisoners of war near Cassino, February 1944

965: 893: 786:. The 5th Infantry Brigade took turns with two Australian battalions and the commandos of 732: 704: 527: 379: 331:

that had served during the First World War. This proposal was furthered by two Māori MPs,

259: 197: 160: 1037:

and is believed to have been first to reach the city on 4 August. During this time Major

251: 1946: 1253: 1241: 1190: 1128:. At this time it was decided that men from the battalion would be included within the 1117: 949: 901: 547: 344: 340: 267: 1149:

on Boxing Day. Passing through the Suez Canal, they sailed via Fremantle, arriving in

908:, also received the Distinguished Service Order for his leadership during the attack. 3746: 3388: 1273: 1041:

led the battalion as its acting commanding officer after Young was hospitalised with

1020: 952:

planned for the end of the month. The brigade subsequently occupied positions around

756: 429: 3618: 1221:

acknowledging his gallantry and a sword. The award was presented to Manahi's son by

3638: 3183: 1358: 1218: 1194: 1162: 1097:

and concerns about the intentions of Yugoslavia regarding the disputed province of

1093: 913: 858: 720: 455: 406: 46:

Reinforcements for the Māori Battalion arrive in Sydney, Australia in November 1940

263: 1334:

Lieutenant Colonel M. C. Fairbrother (11 September 1943 – 27 December 1943);

1261: 1174: 1154: 1024: 992: 819: 672: 597: 3083: 354:

Nevertheless, it was decided that the battalion's key positions, including its

17: 2330: 1173:

As of 2022, there is only one surviving member of the battalion still living,

1150: 937:. The Māori Battalion subsequently arrived in Italy on 22 October, landing at 851: 823: 815: 746: 684: 601: 584: 516: 3398: 2247: 1245: 1137: 1027: 660: 588: 572: 552: 543: 499: 479: 459: 439: 435: 363: 302: 228: 3534: 1351:

Lieutenant Colonel R. R. T. Young (29 August 1944 – 18 November 1944);

502:-level, and involved differing scenarios and enemy forces. In September, a 991:. By this time the attacking battalions had exploited forward towards the 900:

performed the deeds that led to him being posthumously decorated with the

1400: 1208: 1125: 1065: 1042: 1034: 861:. Three days later the division had assembled and began the advance into 787: 716:

After being evacuated from Greece, the Māori Battalion embarked upon the

688: 647: 628: 568: 225: 89: 1300:

Lieutenant Colonel G. Dittmer (29 January 1940 – 7 February 1942);

1226: 1146: 1129: 1113: 1081: 1069: 997: 938: 765: 535: 464: 443: 282: 3626: 3326: 2968: 1232:

Other awards to members of the 28th (Māori) Battalion included: seven

1153:

on 23 January 1946, where they were met by the acting Prime Minister,

489:

Maori Battalion officers arriving at Gourock, Scotland on 17 June 1940

398:

but only if they did not have more than two children of similar ages.

1354:

Lieutenant Colonel A. Awatere (18 November 1944 – 21 June 1945);

1105:

believed that the Māori would take part in further operations in the

1098: 1050: 1046: 957: 953: 877: 870: 783: 736: 692: 668: 576: 972:

to strike across the river on its coastal plain on 20 November with

1092:

On 2 May 1945 news was received that all German forces west of the

511:

were cancelled and the New Zealanders were placed under command of

463:, the decision was made to divert the division's second echelon, a 370:

would be a regular officer, Major George Dittmer—later promoted to

1077: 1061: 978: 881: 862: 805: 745: 740: 727: 637: 622:

began. In order to help defend Greece, a composite force of three

593: 520: 508: 484: 297:, earning a formidable reputation as a fighting force which both 3406:

Crawford, John (2000). "Introduction". In Crawford, John (ed.).

1673:"Map showing Battalion Company boundaries: 28th Maori Battalion" 1303:

Lieutenant Colonel H. Dyer (7 February 1942 – 13 May 1942);

1016: 857:

On 11 November 1941, the 5th Infantry Brigade concentrated near

811: 531: 273:

In 1940 the 28th Maori Battalion was established as part of the

3635: 3642:

Infantry Battalions of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force

1205: 987:

During December the 2nd New Zealand Division took part in the

896:

battalion. It was during this action that Second Lieutenant

1112:

Throughout July the battalion undertook garrison duties in

735:

with large-scale glider and parachute drops of troops from

904:. The battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel 450:

in the Middle East, but due to concerns about a possible

2331:"Colour brings new life to iconic Maori Battalion photo" 1292:

The following is a list of the 28th (Māori) Battalion's

1007:

The New Zealanders were subsequently transferred to the

3546:. Auckland: Oxford University Press. pp. 236–251. 1023:. The position at Cassino was dominated by an historic 1080:

rivers as the Allies pursued the Germans back towards

3433:(2nd ed.). Portland, Oregon: Arnica Publishing. 1116:

before the 2nd New Zealand Division was withdrawn to

839:, and the commander of the 2nd New Zealand Division, 3778:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1946

3486:

The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History

3410:. Auckland: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–8. 1372:

Military history of New Zealand during World War II

583:sailed up the east coast of Africa and entered the 242:The Battalion was formed following pressure on the 183: 178: 146: 133: 113: 103: 95: 85: 75: 59: 51: 34: 3768:Infantry battalions of New Zealand in World War II 3426: 3773:Military units and formations established in 1940 3594:Te Mua o te Ahi: The Story of the Maori Battalion 3505:The Desert War: The North Africa Campaign 1940–43 814:, Egypt (July 1941). From left: John Manuel from 642:Map depicting relative positions on 15 April 1941 822:, killed five months later; Te Kooti Reihana of 281:and moved between the division's three infantry 3142:"Achievements – Maori and the Second World War" 2939: 2937: 2935: 1193:during the war, while another member, Sergeant 378:would be a Reserve officer, Lieutenant Colonel 2485: 2483: 2481: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 869:and the 28th Battalion took up positions near 27:WW2 infantry battalion of the New Zealand Army 3544:Kia Kaha: New Zealand in the Second World War 3408:Kia Kaha: New Zealand in the Second World War 3130:. Veterans' Affairs New Zealand. 5 July 2022. 3049:"Impressions – Pilgrimage Cruise of the 28th" 2500: 2498: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 8: 3295: 3293: 3212: 3210: 3069: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 277:(2NZEF). The battallion was attached to the 3346: 3344: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 2988: 2986: 2922: 2920: 2895: 2893: 2880: 2878: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1015:As part of the Fifth Army's advance up the 810:Members of the 28th Battalion performing a 137: 117: 3632: 3303:. Regiments.org (archived). Archived from 3218:"Queen recognises Maori soldier's bravery" 2697: 2695: 2563: 2561: 826:, later wounded; and Rangi Henderson from 818:, killed six months later; Maaka White of 3329:. 28 Battalion Association Waikato Branch 3035: 2579: 2460: 2098: 2096: 1929: 1927: 1902: 1900: 1827: 1825: 1331:(22 April 1943 – 11 September 1943); 1238:Member of the Order of the British Empire 3619:Webpage about the Second World War song 3172:(Supplement). 1 June 1943. p. 2559. 2943: 2797: 2749: 2540: 2504: 2489: 2472: 2436: 2316: 1947:"Encyclopedia: The Greek campaign, 1941" 1648: 1646: 1565: 1544: 1276:received by the 28th (Māori) Battalion: 620:German invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia 310:before being disbanded in January 1946. 3429:Forgiveness: Breaking the Chain of Hate 3108:. Official 28th Maori Battalion Website 3051:. Official 28th Maori Battalion Website 2971:. Official 28th Maori Battalion Website 2656:. Official 28th Maori Battalion Website 1511: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1392: 1341:(27 December 1943 – 27 July 1944); 1324:(2 November 1942 – 20 April 1943); 515:, taking up defensive positions in the 3475:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3468: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1532: 1361:(21 June 1945 – 23 January 1946). 1317:(13 July 1942 – 2 November 1942); 275:Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force 31: 3488:. Auckland: Oxford University Press. 2268: 2210: 2174: 2150: 2126: 1348:(27 July 1944 – 29 August 1944); 308:British Commonwealth Occupation Force 7: 3350: 3284: 3272: 3255: 3023: 2955: 2926: 2911: 2899: 2884: 2869: 2857: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2737: 2725: 2713: 2701: 2686: 2674: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2567: 2552: 2528: 2516: 2448: 2415: 2403: 2391: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2304: 2292: 2280: 2234: 2222: 2198: 2186: 2162: 2138: 2114: 2102: 2087: 2075: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2027: 2015: 2003: 1991: 1979: 1967: 1933: 1918: 1906: 1891: 1879: 1867: 1855: 1843: 1831: 1816: 1804: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1696: 1652: 1637: 1625: 1613: 1601: 1589: 1577: 1515: 1425:Mr C.B. Bennet (attached from YMCA). 968:—had planned for Lieutenant General 3627:Official 28 Maori Battalion website 3184:"Haane Manahi Victoria Cross Claim" 387:2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force 3575:Maori Battalion: A Poetic Sequence 1310:(13 May 1942 – 12 July 1942); 1225:on 17 March 2007 at a ceremony in 687:and his army had defended against 285:. The battalion fought during the 25: 3507:. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. 2329:Field, Michael (8 October 2014). 3637: 3577:. Wellington: Wai-te-ata Press. 659:, which had been carrying out a 64: 40: 3226:. 17 March 2007. Archived from 1412:Lt-Col A. Awatere, MC; Lt-Col 142:(Upwards, upwards, be strong!) 1: 3451:Liddell-Hart, Basil (1982) . 604:, where they embarked on the 454:of the United Kingdom by the 374:in January 1940—and that his 212:, more commonly known as the 3372:. London: Cassell & Co. 3144:. New Zealand History Online 3082:Manson, Matt (1 June 1989). 1250:Distinguished Conduct Medals 1234:Distinguished Service Orders 759:, sent one company from the 3571:Campbell, Alistair Te Ariki 3529:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer. 3484:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000). 3455:. New York: Da Capo Press. 3425:Henderson, Michael (2003). 1272:The following is a list of 948:and would take part in the 918:Distinguished Conduct Medal 890:Second Battle of El Alamein 796:Distinguished Service Order 476:British Expeditionary Force 442:, the battalion arrived at 266:compatriots as part of the 258:was formed to serve in the 248:Māori Members of Parliament 3794: 2995:"A Prayer for Our Country" 775:Australian 2/7th Battalion 3647: 3503:Moorehead, Alan (2009) . 3186:. Scoop. 19 December 2005 2250:. Australian War Memorial 1949:. Australian War Memorial 950:advance across the Sangro 931:Allied invasion of Sicily 830:, killed two years later. 360:non-commissioned officers 343:. According to historian 39: 3301:"28th (Maori) Battalion" 1187:Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu 1130:New Zealand contribution 898:Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu 646:On 9 April, the fall of 448:2nd New Zealand Division 349:2nd New Zealand Division 279:2nd New Zealand Division 108:2nd New Zealand Division 3592:Gardiner, Wira (1995). 2248:"Battle of 42nd Street" 1677:28maoribattalion.org.nz 750:German assault on Crete 329:Māori Pioneer Battalion 256:Māori Pioneer Battalion 235:that served during the 2969:"28th Maori Battalion" 984: 914:Haane te Rauawa Manahi 831: 751: 718:landing ship, infantry 643: 490: 221: 210:28th (Māori) Battalion 166:North African Campaign 138: 118: 35:28th (Māori) Battalion 3758:Māori in the military 3368:Clark, Alan (2000) . 3106:"The Māori Chaplains" 1463:Sgt A. B. Goodwillie. 1403:can be found in Cody. 982: 809: 749: 641: 488: 139:Ake! Ake! Kia Kaha E! 3390:28 (Maori) Battalion 3327:"28 Maori Battalion" 3307:on 11 September 2007 3230:on 29 September 2007 1258:British Empire Medal 610:, bound for Greece. 3763:Māori organisations 3523:Nicholson, G. W. L. 3287:, pp. 502–503. 3084:"The Warrior Canon" 3026:, pp. 486–500. 2914:, pp. 482–483. 2618:, pp. 326–327. 2519:, pp. 315–316. 2475:, pp. 310–311. 2418:, pp. 144–146. 2382:, pp. 135–136. 1377:2nd Māori Battalion 1357:Lieutenant Colonel 1344:Lieutenant Colonel 1337:Lieutenant Colonel 1327:Lieutenant Colonel 1320:Lieutenant Colonel 1313:Lieutenant Colonel 1306:Lieutenant Colonel 1294:commanding officers 1288:Commanding officers 1214:Minister of Defence 1199:Howard Kippenberger 1134:occupation of Japan 989:Moro River Campaign 946:8th Indian Division 867:4th Indian Division 472:Harold Barrowclough 3697:27th (Machine Gun) 3596:. Auckland: Reed. 3387:Cody, J.F (1956). 3223:New Zealand Herald 3204:Cody 1956, p. 502. 3169:The London Gazette 3005:on 24 October 2017 2654:"Italian Campaign" 1219:Queen Elizabeth II 1189:, was awarded the 1168:Siegfried Westphal 985: 970:Bernard Montgomery 964:—commander of the 841:Lieutenant General 832: 752: 667:, thrusts towards 657:divisional cavalry 644: 567:After sailing via 540:medium machine gun 491: 418:Treaty of Waitangi 372:lieutenant colonel 368:commanding officer 3740: 3739: 3603:978-0-7900-0394-8 3553:978-0-19-558455-4 3514:978-0-14-301197-2 3453:The Rommel Papers 3440:978-0-9726535-6-5 3417:978-0-19-558455-4 3370:The Fall of Crete 3128:"Sir Bom Gillies" 3070:Liddell-Hart 1982 2993:Jackson, Willie. 2054:, pp. 64–65. 1970:, pp. 48–49. 1882:, pp. 30–31. 1858:, pp. 29–30. 1819:, pp. 24–25. 1771:, pp. 20–21. 1759:, pp. 19–20. 726:and was taken to 428:Sailing upon the 376:second-in-command 333:Eruera Tirikatene 295:Italian campaigns 244:Labour government 222:Te Hokowhitu a Tū 203: 202: 119:Te Hokowhitu a Tū 16:(Redirected from 3785: 3641: 3633: 3607: 3588: 3557: 3538: 3518: 3499: 3480: 3474: 3466: 3447: 3432: 3421: 3402: 3383: 3354: 3348: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3297: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3259: 3253: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3214: 3205: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3001:. 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For A Change 3074: 3072:, p. n.p. 3062: 3040: 3036:Henderson 2003 3028: 3016: 2982: 2960: 2958:, p. 484. 2948: 2946:, p. 311. 2931: 2929:, p. 483. 2916: 2904: 2902:, p. 482. 2889: 2887:, p. 481. 2874: 2872:, p. 480. 2862: 2860:, p. 479. 2850: 2848:, p. 478. 2838: 2836:, p. 451. 2826: 2824:, p. 449. 2814: 2812:, p. 446. 2802: 2790: 2788:, p. 407. 2778: 2776:, p. 395. 2766: 2764:, p. 373. 2754: 2752:, p. 251. 2742: 2740:, p. 362. 2730: 2728:, p. 355. 2718: 2716:, p. 351. 2706: 2704:, p. 350. 2691: 2689:, p. 349. 2679: 2677:, p. 348. 2667: 2632: 2630:, p. 329. 2620: 2608: 2606:, p. 325. 2596: 2594:, p. 323. 2584: 2582:, p. 276. 2580:Nicholson 1956 2572: 2570:, p. 321. 2557: 2555:, p. 320. 2545: 2543:, p. 163. 2533: 2531:, p. 317. 2521: 2509: 2494: 2492:, p. 295. 2477: 2465: 2463:, p. 382. 2461:Moorehead 2009 2453: 2451:, p. 148. 2441: 2439:, p. 310. 2420: 2408: 2406:, p. 141. 2396: 2394:, p. 138. 2384: 2372: 2370:, p. 135. 2360: 2358:, p. 133. 2348: 2321: 2319:, p. 147. 2309: 2307:, p. 501. 2297: 2295:, p. 132. 2285: 2283:, p. 129. 2273: 2271:, p. 168. 2261: 2239: 2237:, p. 118. 2227: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2107: 2092: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2044: 2032: 2020: 2008: 1996: 1984: 1972: 1960: 1938: 1923: 1911: 1896: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1821: 1809: 1797: 1785: 1773: 1761: 1749: 1737: 1725: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1657: 1642: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1568:, p. 309. 1549: 1537: 1535:, p. 237. 1520: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1493: 1483: 1474: 1465: 1456: 1446: 1437: 1427: 1418: 1405: 1401:roll of honour 1391: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1342: 1339:R. R. T. Young 1335: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1301: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1274:battle honours 1269: 1268:Battle honours 1266: 1191:Victoria Cross 1182: 1179: 1118:Lake Trasimene 1089: 1086: 925: 922: 902:Victoria Cross 803: 800: 713: 710: 665:21st Battalion 653:22nd Battalion 615: 612: 589:Tewfik harbour 587:, arriving at 581:Athlone Castle 564: 561: 557:Athlone Castle 425: 424:United Kingdom 422: 345:Claudia Orange 341:British Empire 337:Paraire Paikea 320: 317: 315: 312: 268:British Empire 204: 201: 200: 187: 181: 180: 176: 175: 174: 173: 168: 163: 158: 156:Greek campaign 148: 144: 143: 135: 131: 130: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 99:~3000–3600 men 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 61: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3790: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3753:Māori history 3751: 3750: 3748: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3584:1-877159-11-5 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3495:0-19-558376-0 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3464: 3462:9780306801570 3458: 3454: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3379:0-304-35226-8 3375: 3371: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3085: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3050: 3044: 3041: 3038:, p. 94. 3037: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2944:McGibbon 2000 2940: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2803: 2800:, p. 49. 2799: 2798:McGibbon 2000 2794: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2750:McGibbon 2000 2746: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2668: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541:McGibbon 2000 2537: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2507:, p. 55. 2506: 2505:McGibbon 2000 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490:McGibbon 2000 2486: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2473:McGibbon 2000 2469: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2437:McGibbon 2000 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2349: 2336: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2317:McGibbon 2000 2313: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2228: 2225:, p. 95. 2224: 2219: 2216: 2213:, p. 73. 2212: 2207: 2204: 2201:, p. 94. 2200: 2195: 2192: 2189:, p. 93. 2188: 2183: 2180: 2177:, p. 72. 2176: 2171: 2168: 2165:, p. 92. 2164: 2159: 2156: 2153:, p. 55. 2152: 2147: 2144: 2141:, p. 81. 2140: 2135: 2132: 2129:, p. 32. 2128: 2123: 2120: 2117:, p. 77. 2116: 2111: 2108: 2105:, p. 73. 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2090:, p. 71. 2089: 2084: 2081: 2078:, p. 70. 2077: 2072: 2069: 2066:, p. 66. 2065: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2045: 2042:, p. 63. 2041: 2036: 2033: 2030:, p. 61. 2029: 2024: 2021: 2018:, p. 55. 2017: 2012: 2009: 2006:, p. 51. 2005: 2000: 1997: 1994:, p. 50. 1993: 1988: 1985: 1982:, p. 49. 1981: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1936:, p. 48. 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1921:, p. 39. 1920: 1915: 1912: 1909:, p. 38. 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1894:, p. 37. 1893: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1873: 1870:, p. 30. 1869: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1849: 1846:, p. 28. 1845: 1840: 1837: 1834:, p. 26. 1833: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1807:, p. 23. 1806: 1801: 1798: 1795:, p. 22. 1794: 1789: 1786: 1783:, p. 21. 1782: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1747:, p. 18. 1746: 1741: 1738: 1735:, p. 10. 1734: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1690: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1566:McGibbon 2000 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545:Crawford 2000 1541: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1497: 1496: 1487: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1438: 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M. Bennett 1319: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1308:E. W. R. Love 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1021:Monte Cassino 1018: 1013: 1010: 1005: 1001: 999: 994: 990: 981: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 923: 921: 919: 915: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 886: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 842: 838: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 801: 799: 797: 791: 789: 785: 780: 776: 770: 767: 762: 758: 748: 744: 742: 738: 734: 729: 725: 724: 719: 711: 709: 706: 702: 696: 694: 690: 686: 680: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 649: 640: 636: 634: 630: 625: 621: 613: 611: 609: 608: 603: 599: 595: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 562: 560: 558: 554: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 505: 501: 497: 494:in size from 487: 483: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432: 423: 421: 419: 414: 411: 408: 404: 399: 396: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325:Āpirana Ngata 318: 313: 311: 309: 304: 300: 296: 292: 291:North African 288: 284: 280: 276: 271: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 205:Military unit 199: 195: 191: 188: 182: 177: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 152: 149: 145: 140: 136: 132: 127: 120: 116: 112: 109: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 62: 58: 54: 50: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 3702:28th (Maori) 3701: 3620: 3593: 3574: 3543: 3526: 3504: 3485: 3452: 3444: 3428: 3407: 3389: 3369: 3331:. 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Retrieved 1676: 1655:, p. 5. 1633: 1628:, p. 4. 1621: 1616:, p. 3. 1609: 1597: 1592:, p. 2. 1585: 1573: 1547:, p. 4. 1540: 1518:, p. 1. 1486: 1477: 1472:Pte J. Taua. 1468: 1459: 1449: 1440: 1430: 1421: 1408: 1395: 1359:J. C. Henare 1291: 1280: 1271: 1231: 1203: 1195:Haane Manahi 1184: 1172: 1163:Erwin Rommel 1159: 1141: 1122: 1111: 1103: 1094:Isonzo River 1091: 1055: 1032: 1014: 1006: 1002: 986: 943: 927: 910: 887: 875: 859:Mersa Matruh 856: 833: 802:North Africa 792: 771: 753: 722: 715: 697: 681: 677: 645: 617: 606: 580: 566: 556: 525: 492: 469: 458: 430: 427: 415: 407:headquarters 400: 384: 353: 322: 272: 241: 213: 209: 207: 104:Part of 29: 3164:"No. 36040" 2999:Stuff.co.nz 2335:stuff.co.nz 1533:Orange 2000 1329:K. A. Keiha 1262:Silver Star 1260:and one US 1181:Decorations 1155:Walter Nash 1088:Disbandment 1025:Benedictine 1017:Liri valley 993:Winter Line 820:Wharekahika 779:42nd Street 673:Thermopylae 633:Anzac Corps 563:Middle East 395:other ranks 362:(NCOs) and 147:Engagements 114:Nickname(s) 71:New Zealand 3747:Categories 3361:References 3311:6 December 3148:6 December 2269:Clark 2000 2211:Clark 2000 2175:Clark 2000 2151:Clark 2000 2127:Clark 2000 1346:A. Awatere 1244:and three 1151:Wellington 1009:Fifth Army 852:El Alamein 824:Rangitukia 816:Rangitukia 757:J. Hargest 602:Alexandria 585:Suez Canal 517:Folkestone 504:divisional 364:signallers 250:(MPs) and 246:from some 224:), was an 190:Fred Baker 186:commanders 179:Commanders 3471:cite book 3351:Cody 1956 3285:Cody 1956 3273:Cody 1956 3256:Cody 1956 3024:Cody 1956 2956:Cody 1956 2927:Cody 1956 2912:Cody 1956 2900:Cody 1956 2885:Cody 1956 2870:Cody 1956 2858:Cody 1956 2846:Cody 1956 2834:Cody 1956 2822:Cody 1956 2810:Cody 1956 2786:Cody 1956 2774:Cody 1956 2762:Cody 1956 2738:Cody 1956 2726:Cody 1956 2714:Cody 1956 2702:Cody 1956 2687:Cody 1956 2675:Cody 1956 2628:Cody 1956 2616:Cody 1956 2604:Cody 1956 2592:Cody 1956 2568:Cody 1956 2553:Cody 1956 2529:Cody 1956 2517:Cody 1956 2449:Cody 1956 2416:Cody 1956 2404:Cody 1956 2392:Cody 1956 2380:Cody 1956 2368:Cody 1956 2356:Cody 1956 2305:Cody 1956 2293:Cody 1956 2281:Cody 1956 2235:Cody 1956 2223:Cody 1956 2199:Cody 1956 2187:Cody 1956 2163:Cody 1956 2139:Cody 1956 2115:Cody 1956 2103:Cody 1956 2088:Cody 1956 2076:Cody 1956 2064:Cody 1956 2052:Cody 1956 2040:Cody 1956 2028:Cody 1956 2016:Cody 1956 2004:Cody 1956 1992:Cody 1956 1980:Cody 1956 1968:Cody 1956 1934:Cody 1956 1919:Cody 1956 1907:Cody 1956 1892:Cody 1956 1880:Cody 1956 1868:Cody 1956 1856:Cody 1956 1844:Cody 1956 1832:Cody 1956 1817:Cody 1956 1805:Cody 1956 1793:Cody 1956 1781:Cody 1956 1769:Cody 1956 1757:Cody 1956 1745:Cody 1956 1733:Cody 1956 1721:Cody 1956 1709:Cody 1956 1697:Cody 1956 1653:Cody 1956 1638:Cody 1956 1626:Cody 1956 1614:Cody 1956 1602:Cody 1956 1590:Cody 1956 1578:Cody 1956 1516:Cody 1956 1498:Citations 1388:Footnotes 1248:; and 13 1204:In 2000, 1138:troopship 1058:Granarolo 1028:monastery 920:instead. 828:Te Araroa 721:HMS 661:rearguard 624:divisions 607:Cameronia 598:influenza 573:Cape Town 553:Liverpool 544:Aldershot 513:XII Corps 500:battalion 480:George VI 460:Wehrmacht 440:Cape Town 436:Fremantle 431:Aquitania 319:Formation 229:battalion 55:1940–1946 3573:(2001). 3525:(1956). 3399:10848095 2975:10 April 2341:19 March 2254:10 April 1953:10 April 1414:F. Baker 1366:See also 1315:F. Baker 1209:Te Arawa 1126:Florence 1066:Santerno 1043:jaundice 1035:Florence 788:Layforce 733:campaign 723:Glengyle 685:Leonidas 648:Salonika 629:Katerini 569:Freetown 528:squadron 523:region. 452:invasion 391:Trentham 356:officers 283:brigades 226:infantry 134:Motto(s) 90:Infantry 3535:4655989 3333:8 April 3234:8 April 3190:8 April 3112:8 April 3090:8 April 3055:8 April 3009:8 April 2660:21 June 2337:. Stuff 1399:A full 1227:Rotorua 1147:Taranto 1132:to the 1114:Trieste 1107:Pacific 1082:Trieste 1070:Sillaro 998:Orsogna 974:V Corps 939:Taranto 766:grenade 701:carrier 555:on the 536:cavalry 496:company 465:brigade 444:Gourock 410:company 314:History 231:of the 184:Notable 60:Country 3600: 3581: 3550: 3533: 3511: 3492: 3459: 3445:Maori. 3437: 3414: 3397: 3376: 1256:; one 1236:; one 1099:Istria 1074:Gaiana 1051:Faenza 1047:Rimini 958:Sangro 954:Atessa 878:Gazala 871:Bardia 848:Kabrit 784:Sfakia 737:Maleme 705:mortar 693:Athens 689:Xerxes 669:Larisa 614:Greece 579:, the 577:Durban 538:and a 456:German 303:German 299:Allied 264:Pākehā 122: 76:Branch 69: 52:Active 1491:1942. 1383:Notes 1252:; 51 1240:; 21 1078:Idice 1062:Senio 924:Italy 882:Syria 863:Libya 837:Queen 741:Canea 728:Crete 712:Crete 594:Cairo 548:rugby 532:tanks 521:Dover 509:Egypt 287:Greek 252:Māori 218:Māori 126:Māori 3732:37th 3727:36th 3722:35th 3717:34th 3712:30th 3707:29th 3692:26th 3687:25th 3682:24th 3677:23rd 3672:22nd 3667:21st 3662:20th 3657:19th 3652:18th 3598:ISBN 3579:ISBN 3548:ISBN 3531:OCLC 3509:ISBN 3490:ISBN 3477:link 3457:ISBN 3435:ISBN 3412:ISBN 3395:OCLC 3374:ISBN 3335:2010 3313:2011 3236:2010 3192:2010 3150:2011 3114:2010 3092:2010 3057:2010 3011:2010 2977:2010 2662:2010 2343:2019 2256:2010 1955:2010 1684:2019 1246:bars 1076:and 812:haka 761:23rd 703:and 575:and 438:and 434:via 335:and 301:and 293:and 208:The 96:Size 86:Type 1206:iwi 1145:at 777:at 739:to 530:of 498:to 3749:: 3473:}} 3469:{{ 3443:. 3343:^ 3292:^ 3263:^ 3244:^ 3220:. 3209:^ 3166:. 2997:. 2985:^ 2934:^ 2919:^ 2892:^ 2877:^ 2694:^ 2635:^ 2560:^ 2497:^ 2480:^ 2423:^ 2333:. 2095:^ 1926:^ 1899:^ 1824:^ 1675:. 1660:^ 1645:^ 1552:^ 1523:^ 1506:^ 1296:: 1264:. 1229:. 1177:. 1072:, 1068:, 1064:, 873:. 798:. 675:. 571:, 559:. 358:, 351:. 289:, 239:. 220:: 3606:. 3587:. 3556:. 3537:. 3517:. 3498:. 3479:) 3465:. 3420:. 3401:. 3382:. 3337:. 3315:. 3238:. 3194:. 3152:. 3116:. 3094:. 3059:. 3013:. 2979:. 2664:. 2345:. 2258:. 1957:. 1686:. 519:– 216:( 128:) 124:( 20:)

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