36:
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243:(Chuniespoort-Ghaap-Taupone Groups). After an erosional hiatus, the clastic sedimentary rocks and volcanics of the Pretoria-Postmasburg-Segwagwa Groups were deposited within the three basins, largely under closed-basin conditions. A final stage of predominantly volcanic succession (Rooiberg Group-Loskop Formation) is limited to the Transvaal Basin.
246:
The
Campbellrand-Malmani carbonate platform is part of the Chuniespoort Group and originally covered all of the Kaapvaal Craton. It has a thickness of over 1 km in both the Malmani and Campbellrand Subgroups. The Malmani Subgroup is situated northwest of Johannesburg. It consists of
1023:
350:
279:
Octavian
Catuneanu, Patrick G. Eriksson (1999). "The sequence stratigraphic concept and the Precambrian rock record: an example from the 2.7–2.1 Ga Transvaal Supergroup, Kaapvaal craton".
2512:
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Several workers such as an environmentalist, Isaac Chuene, Raymond
Ngobeni and Khutso Masemola noted the presence of fossils in the Chunniespoort mountains of the Chunniespoort Group.
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990:
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995:
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P. G. Eriksson, P. J. Hattingh, W. Altermann (April 1995). "An overview of the geology of the
Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex, South Africa",
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312:
239:
Transvaal sedimentation began with predominantly clastic sedimentary rocks (Black Reef-Vryburg
Formations) followed by carbonate rocks and
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194:, roughly between 23 and 29 degrees southern latitude and 22 to 30 degrees eastern longitude. It is dated to the boundary between the
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27:
Stratigraphic unit in northern South Africa and southern
Botswana
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2335:
2191:
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301:
29:
1024:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
351:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
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Tectonic evolution of the
Barberton greenstone belt
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359:
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129:
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202:eras, roughly 2,500 Mya. It is delimited by the
57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2213:Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope
991:Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)
2506:
1029:Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt
313:
8:
100:
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2499:
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1850:
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1039:
1009:
996:Department of Mineral Resources and Energy
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684:
356:
336:
320:
306:
298:
99:
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:in northern South Africa and southern
7:
2464:
2462:
2532:Geologic formations of South Africa
255:with only minor clastic sediments.
2485:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
2218:Geological Society of South Africa
25:
770:List of volcanoes in South Africa
101:Geography of Transvaal Supergroup
2557:African geologic formation stubs
2466:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2417:
2403:
2315:Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker
294:, Volume 30, Issue 2, pp 98–111.
34:
1600:Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone
2474:This article about a specific
2208:Evolutionary Studies Institute
1605:Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone
1:
1590:Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone
1585:Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone
986:Minerals Council South Africa
843:1620 Robben Island earthquake
213:It consists of three parts,
2193:Research and administration‎
1866:Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone
1610:Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone
1861:Cynognathus Assemblage Zone
1595:Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone
2573:
2461:
889:Vredefort impact structure
879:Morokweng impact structure
853:2006 Mozambique earthquake
2397:
2370:
2359:
2342:
2331:
2290:Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer
2198:
2187:
2171:Waterloo Farm lagerstätte
1034:Waterloo Farm lagerstätte
1019:
1008:
932:
921:
815:Barberton Greenstone Belt
694:
683:
346:
335:
2552:Paleoproterozoic geology
1911:Coelophysis rhodesiensis
780:Pilanesberg Game Reserve
431:Table Mountain Sandstone
367:Bushveld Igneous Complex
208:Bushveld Igneous Complex
43:This article includes a
2424:South Africa portal
2260:Charles Kimberlin Brain
848:1969 Tulbagh earthquake
563:Abrahamskraal Formation
517:Sundays River Formation
441:Abrahamskraal Formation
329:Geology of South Africa
268:Geology of South Africa
72:more precise citations.
2537:Geological supergroups
2275:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan
2203:Council for Geoscience
2166:West Coast Fossil Park
858:2014 Orkney earthquake
739:Terra Australis Orogen
689:‎Tectonics and orogeny
502:Buffelskloof Formation
241:banded iron formations
785:Prince Edward Islands
341:Geological formations
235:in southern Botswana.
2347:Geology of Cape Town
2305:John Talbot Robinson
2255:Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra
961:Coal in South Africa
952:Banket (mining term)
649:Normandien Formation
392:Transvaal Supergroup
282:Precambrian Research
206:(2,700 Mya) and the
180:Transvaal Supergroup
2310:George William Stow
2151:Cradle of Humankind
905:Bellsbank meteorite
798:Finsch diamond mine
754:Witwatersrand Basin
729:Makhonjwa Mountains
600:Whitehill Formation
578:Middleton Formation
466:Whitehill Formation
456:Ganigobis Formation
416:Ganigobis Formation
291:Mineralium Deposita
204:Witwatersrand Basin
151:25.0986°S 26.2100°E
147: /
102:
2547:Proterozoic Africa
2410:Geology portal
2285:Alfred W. Crompton
2250:Andrew Geddes Bain
1534:Pristerognathoides
974:Titanium in Africa
969:Platinum in Africa
965:Iron ore in Africa
808:Koffiefontein mine
803:Jagersfontein Mine
714:Gondwanide orogeny
612:Bushveld Sandstone
583:Teekloof Formation
512:Kirkwood Formation
461:Teekloof Formation
372:Fig Tree Formation
190:, situated on the
184:stratigraphic unit
45:list of references
2494:
2493:
2459:
2458:
2393:
2392:
2375:Pothole (geology)
2355:
2354:
2337:Regional articles
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2280:H. Basil S. Cooke
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
1956:Heterodontosaurus
1874:
1873:
1618:
1617:
1549:Promoschorhynchus
1004:
1003:
979:Uranium in Africa
927:‎Mineral deposits
917:
916:
913:
912:
679:
678:
675:
674:
644:Molteno Formation
639:Katberg Formation
617:Clarens Formation
573:Katberg Formation
568:Balfour Formation
536:Drakensberg Group
524:Kalahari Deposits
446:Balfour Formation
377:Komatii Formation
176:
175:
156:-25.0986; 26.2100
98:
97:
90:
16:(Redirected from
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2515:
2508:
2501:
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2422:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2407:
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2333:
2224:
2189:
1851:
1575:
1504:Macroscelesaurus
1384:Cistecephaloides
1369:Blattoidealestes
1193:Cistecephaloides
1096:Deltacephalaspis
1040:
1010:
923:
760:
685:
634:Elliot Formation
622:Elliot Formation
553:Karoo Supergroup
387:Onverwacht Group
357:
337:
322:
315:
308:
299:
226:Griqualand Basin
162:
161:
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158:
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152:
148:
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143:
140:
103:
93:
86:
82:
79:
73:
68:this article by
59:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Malmani Subgroup
2572:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2481:in Africa is a
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2455:
2418:
2416:
2402:
2389:
2380:Steep structure
2366:
2351:
2338:
2319:
2243:Paleontologists
2238:
2222:
2194:
2175:
2139:
2135:Vulpes skinneri
2108:
2087:
2071:
2067:Ptychoceratodus
2032:Acanthohoplites
2020:
1996:Ptychoceratodus
1870:
1849:
1800:Ptychoceratodus
1775:Platycraniellus
1700:Ictidosuchoides
1614:
1573:
1554:Scalopocephalus
1539:Pristerognathus
1454:Homodontosaurus
1342:
1268:Ictidosuchoides
1208:Dicynodontoides
1188:Charassognathus
1151:
1130:
1106:Gondwanascorpio
1069:
1038:
1015:
1000:
928:
909:
893:
862:
829:
758:
744:Transvaal Basin
724:Kalahari Craton
719:Kaapvaal Craton
690:
671:
655:
607:Stormberg Group
546:Uitenhage Group
497:Uitenhage Group
482:
426:Bokkeveld Group
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326:
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219:Transvaal Basin
192:Kaapvaal Craton
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49:related reading
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2542:Archean Africa
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2130:Panthera shawi
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2052:Macroscaphites
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2019:
2018:
2013:
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2006:Sefapanosaurus
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1981:Massospondylus
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1845:Zorillodontops
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1770:Plateosauravus
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1755:Olivierosuchus
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1735:Microgomphodon
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1725:Melanorosaurus
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1675:Erythrotherium
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1630:Batrachosuchus
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1569:Uranocentrodon
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1484:Lanthanostegus
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1414:Cynariognathus
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1374:Brachyprosopus
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1347:Beaufort Group
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1168:Alopecognathus
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1055:Onychopterella
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884:Tswaing crater
881:
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874:Kalkkop crater
870:
868:
867:Impact craters
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709:Ellisras Basin
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704:Cape Fold Belt
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558:Beaufort Group
550:
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541:Enon Formation
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507:Enon Formation
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407:Carboniferous
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360:Palaeoarchaean
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78:September 2015
53:external links
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2569:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:stratigraphic
2472:
2469:
2465:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2334:
2330:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2234:Hans Merensky
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Scylacorhinus
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:Africanacetus
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Litargosuchus
1969:
1967:
1966:Lesothosaurus
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:Gigantoscelus
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Abrictosaurus
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Scaloposaurus
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:Proterosuchus
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Progalesaurus
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Lepidodendron
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Euskelosaurus
1683:
1681:
1680:Eucnemesaurus
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Erythrosuchus
1668:
1666:
1665:Ericiolacerta
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Blikanasaurus
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Pelictosuchus
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Lepidodendron
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Ictidochampsa
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Cryptocynodon
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Anomocephalus
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Thliptosaurus
1326:
1324:
1323:Theriognathus
1321:
1319:
1318:Stereosternum
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Scylacosaurus
1301:
1299:
1298:Procynosuchus
1296:
1294:
1293:Odontocyclops
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Lepidodendron
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Ictidognathus
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Dwykaselachus
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Crapartinella
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Anomocephalus
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1147:Lepidodendron
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:Carboniferous
1133:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Antarctilamna
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1014:Paleontology‎
1011:
1007:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:Witwatersrand
945:
943:
942:Merensky Reef
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
924:
920:
906:
903:
902:
900:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
838:
836:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
761:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
693:
686:
682:
668:
665:
664:
662:
658:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
629:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
601:
598:
597:
596:
593:
591:
588:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
530:
525:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
494:
492:
491:
489:
485:
477:
474:
473:
471:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
436:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
421:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
406:
405:
403:
399:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Moodies Group
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
362:
358:
352:
349:
348:
345:
338:
334:
330:
323:
318:
316:
311:
309:
304:
303:
300:
293:
292:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
273:
269:
266:
265:
261:
259:
256:
254:
250:
244:
242:
234:
230:
227:
223:
220:
216:
215:
214:
211:
210:(2,050 Mya).
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
169:
165:
160:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
92:
89:
81:
71:
67:
61:
60:
54:
50:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2487:expanding it
2473:
2448:
2434:
2415:
2401:
2295:Andre Keyser
2270:Alfred Brown
2265:Robert Broom
2057:Nqwebasaurus
2047:Kangnasaurus
2011:Sphenosuchus
1936:Geranosaurus
1916:Dracovenator
1896:Antetonitrus
1840:Ufudocyclops
1825:Tetracynodon
1815:Scymnosaurus
1720:Lystrosaurus
1705:Kannemeyeria
1660:Elliotherium
1559:Silpholestes
1509:Moschorhinus
1489:Leontosaurus
1459:Icticephalus
1449:Euchambersia
1399:Colobodectes
1389:Choerosaurus
1354:Aelurosaurus
1333:Trochosaurus
1313:Simorhinella
1308:Scymnosaurus
1253:Glossopteris
1238:Eunotosaurus
1116:Serenichthys
1101:Diplacanthus
1081:Africanaspis
825:Karoo-Ferrar
391:
289:
280:
257:
245:
238:
231:the smaller
212:
179:
177:
124:South Africa
84:
75:
64:Please help
56:
2125:Homo naledi
2113:Pleistocene
2062:Paranthodon
2037:Algoasaurus
2016:Tritheledon
2001:Pulanesaura
1931:Fabrosaurus
1906:Coelophysis
1854:Assemblages
1835:Trirachodon
1830:Thrinaxodon
1780:Procolophon
1765:Pentasaurus
1750:Noteosuchus
1740:Micropholis
1715:Lydekkerina
1655:Dinanomodon
1645:Cynognathus
1578:Assemblages
1544:Procolophon
1529:Pristerodon
1524:Polycynodon
1479:Ictidostoma
1474:Ictidodraco
1439:Eohyosaurus
1434:Eodicynodon
1429:Dinanomodon
1379:Broomistega
1248:Glanosuchus
1233:Endothiodon
1218:Dinanomodon
1183:Bulbasaurus
1111:Priscomyzon
835:Earthquakes
820:Drakensberg
775:Pilanesberg
699:Algoa Basin
667:Algoa Group
590:Dwyka Group
493:Cretaceous
472:Ordovician
451:Dwyka Group
411:Dwyka Group
233:Kanye Basin
228:in the west
221:in the east
200:Proterozoic
154: /
130:Coordinates
70:introducing
2526:Categories
2227:Geologists
2156:Planolites
2120:Boskop Man
2025:Cretaceous
1991:Pegomastax
1976:Lycorhinus
1961:Ledumahadi
1951:Gyposaurus
1901:Arcusaurus
1820:Shansiodon
1805:Regisaurus
1790:Prolacerta
1730:Mesosuchus
1690:Galesaurus
1650:Diademodon
1640:Bolotridon
1444:Emyduranus
1419:Cynosaurus
1394:Clelandina
1283:Mesosaurus
1278:Lycosuchus
1243:Galechirus
1223:Dinogorgon
1203:Cynosaurus
1050:Notiodella
1043:Ordovician
937:Kimberlite
898:Meteorites
789:Diatremes
595:Ecca Group
476:Soom Shale
274:References
171:Mozambique
142:26°12′36″E
139:25°05′55″S
2479:formation
2104:Nummulite
2083:Nummulite
2076:Paleogene
2042:Baculites
1760:Orosaurus
1745:Myosaurus
1564:Tamboeria
1514:Paliguana
1499:Lycideops
1469:Ictidodon
1424:Diictodon
1404:Compsodon
1364:Basilodon
1258:Hofmeyria
1213:Diictodon
1178:Basilodon
1163:Abdalodon
1142:Dadoxylon
1126:Umzantsia
1065:Soomaspis
1060:Promissum
763:Volcanism
749:Witteberg
630:Triassic
532:Jurassic
422:Devonian
401:Paleozoic
106:Continent
2450:Glossary
2436:Category
1946:Gryponyx
1921:Eocursor
1886:Aardonyx
1879:Jurassic
1623:Triassic
1338:Youngina
1288:Moschops
1121:Tutusius
1091:Bainella
1074:Devonian
793:Big Hole
660:Cenozoic
487:Mesozoic
437:Permian
262:See also
249:dolomite
188:Botswana
120:Botswana
2385:Swazian
2092:Neogene
1695:Howesia
1156:Permian
196:Archean
167:Borders
66:improve
1986:Ngwevu
116:Region
110:Africa
2365:Other
2144:Other
253:chert
182:is a
51:, or
2483:stub
251:and
224:the
217:the
198:and
178:The
2528::
122:,
55:,
47:,
2514:e
2507:t
2500:v
2489:.
321:e
314:t
307:v
91:)
85:(
80:)
76:(
62:.
20:)
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