909:
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96:
66:
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1328:), and these two separated between 2.13 and 6.76 million years ago (mya). The earliest divergence within the Malawi haplochromines occurred between 1.20 and 4.06 mya, but most radiations in this group are far younger; in extreme cases species may have diverged only a few hundred years ago. The Malawi haplochromines are
1436:, reach lengths up to 26–42 cm (10–17 in) depending on the exact species, and are mostly black or silvery-gray with relatively indistinct dark bars. Male chambo have unique genital tassels when breeding, which aid in egg fertilisation in a manner comparable to the egg-spots on the anal fin of haplochromines.
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reached the lake in 1859, and named it Lake Nyasa. He also referred to it by a pair of nicknames: Lake of Stars and Lake of Storms. The Lake of Stars nickname came after
Livingstone observed lights from the lanterns of the fishermen in Malawi on their boats, that resemble, from a distance, stars in
771:
The dispute came to a head in 1967 when
Tanzania officially protested to Malawi; however nothing was settled. Occasional flare-ups of conflict occurred during the 1990s and in the 21st century. In 2012, Malawi's oil exploration initiative brought the issue to the fore, with Tanzania demanding that
648:
to the upper part. The water is very clear for a lake and the visibility can be up to 20 m (66 ft), but slightly less than half this figure is more common and it is below 3 m (10 ft) in muddy bays. However, during the rainy season months of
January to March, the waters are more
495:
in
Mozambique. Evaporation accounts for more than 80% of the water loss from the lake, considerably more than the outflowing Shire River. The outflows from Lake Malawi into the Shire River are vital for the economy as the water resources support hydropower, irrigation and downstream biodiversity.
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they float to the surface and transform into adult flies. The adults are very short-lived and the swarms, which can be several hundred metres tall and often have a spiraling shape, are part of their mating behaviour. They lay their eggs at the water's surface and the adults die. The larvae are an
754:
The partition of the lake's surface area between Malawi and
Tanzania is under dispute. Tanzania claims that the international border runs through the middle of the lake. On the other hand, Malawi claims the whole of the surface of this lake that is not in Mozambique, including the waters that are
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is being split into two pieces. This is called a divergent plate tectonics boundary. Malawi has typically been estimated to be 1–2 million years old (mya), but more recent evidence points to a considerably older lake with a basin that started to form about 8.6 mya and deep-water condition first
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and typically are of medium size, and finally a subgroup of "aberrant" species that essentially are defined by them not fitting clearly into the other subgroups. Adult male haps generally display bright colors, while juveniles of both sexes and adult females typically show a silvery or grey
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lakes in what currently are Malawi's deepest parts. A water chemistry resembling the current conditions only appeared about 60,000 years ago. Major low-water periods are estimated to have occurred about 1.6 to 1.0–0.57 million years ago (where it might have dried out completely), 420,000 to
499:
Concerns have been raised over the future climate change impacts of Lake Malawi due to the recent decline in lake levels and the overall drying trend. The climate in the lake region is already experiencing changes, with the temperatures predicted to increase throughout the country.
467:
in the north-central part. Another smaller depression in the far north reaches a depth of 528 m (1,732 ft). The southern half of the lake is shallower; less than 400 m (1,300 ft) in the south-central part and less than 200 m (660 ft) in the far south.
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between Great
Britain and Germany concerning the border. The wrangle in this dispute occurred when the British colonial government, just after they had captured Tanganyika from Germany, placed all of the waters of the lake under a single jurisdiction, that of the territory of
1907:
2016: (current record) Jean Craven (South Africa), Robert
Dunford (Kenya), Michiel Le Roux (South Africa), Samantha Whelpton (South Africa), Greig Bannatyne (South Africa), Haydn Von Maltitz (South Africa), Douglas Livingstone-Blevins (South Africa) 7hrs 53 mins
610:
The water levels have varied dramatically over time, ranging from almost 600 m (2,000 ft) below current level to 10–20 m (33–66 ft) above. During periods the lake dried out almost completely, leaving only one or two relatively small, highly
1919:) 10hrs 50 minutes, and Ruth Azran (South Africa) 11hrs 8 minutes. That same year, Martin Hobbs (South Africa), became the first person to swim the full length of Lake Malawi (54 days), as well as setting the world record for longest solo swim in a lake
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Lake Malawi has for millennia provided a major food source to the residents of its shores since its waters are rich in fish. Among the most popular are the four species of chambo, consisting of any one of four species in the subgenus
2561:
Cohen; Stone; Beuning; Park; Reinthal; Dettman; Scholz; Johnson; King; Talbot; Brown; and Ivory (2007). Ecological consequences of early Late
Pleistocene megadroughts in tropical Africas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(42): 16422-16427.
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African
Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new
1879:-owned uranium mine in Northern Malawi after a high intensity rain storm hit the area. It was revealed that approximately 50 litres of non radioactive material leaked into a local creek. Despite reports in local media of
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Park, L.E.; and A.S. Cohen (2011). Paleoecological response of ostracods to early Late
Pleistocene lake-level changes in Lake Malawi, East Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 303: 71–80.
95:
65:
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fish. There are at least 700 cichlid species in Lake Malawi, with some estimating that the actual figure is as high as 1,000 species. The actual number is labelled with some uncertainty because of the many
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owners due to their bright colors. Recreating a Lake Malawi biotope to host cichlids became quite popular in the aquarium hobby. Most Malawi cichlids are found in relatively shallow coastal waters, but
1697:) in lagoons separated from it. The latter species are known intermediate hosts of bilharzia, and larvae of the parasite were detected in water containing these, but in experiments C. Wright of the
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feeders. The mbuna species tend to be relatively small, mostly less than 13 cm (5 in) long, and often both sexes are brightly colored with males having egg-shaped yellow spots on their
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Stauffer, J.R.; and H. Madsen (2012). Schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi and the Potential Use of Indigenous Fish for Biological Control. Pp. 119–140 in: Rokni, M.B., editor. Schistosomiasis.
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Martens, K. (2003). On the evolution of Gomphocythere (Crustacea, Ostracoda) in Lake Nyassa/ Malawi (East Africa), with the description of 5 new species. Hydrobiologia 497(1–2): 121–144.
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coloration with sometimes irregular black bars or other markings. The second main haplochromine group are the mbuna, a name used both locally and popularly, which means "rockfish" in
2540:
Sturmbauer; Baric; Salzburger; Rüber; and Verheyen (2001). Lake Level Fluctuations Synchronize Genetic Divergences of Cichlid Fishes in African Lakes. Mol Biol Evol 18(2): 144–154.
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Anseaume, L.; and G.G. Teugels (1999). On the rehabilitation of the clariid catfish genus Bathyclarias endemic to the East African Rift Lake Malawi. Fish Biology 55(2): 405–419.
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Bhave, A., Vincent, K. and Mkwambisi, D. (2019) Projecting future water availability in Lake Malawi and the Shire River basin, Future Climate for Africa Brief, Cape Town: CDKN.
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entered service in 1980. By 1982 she was carrying 100,000 passengers each year., but as of 2014 she was out of service. She normally serves the southern part of the lake but if
455:
Lake Malawi is between 560 kilometres (350 mi) and 580 kilometres (360 mi) long, and about 75 kilometres (47 mi) wide at its widest point. The lake has a total
428:. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in
3433:
Svardal, Hannes; Quah, Fu Xiang; Malinsky, Milan; Ngatunga, Benjamin P; Miska, Eric A; Salzburger, Walter; Genner, Martin J; Turner, George F; Durbin, Richard (2020-04-01).
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Delvaux, D. (1995). Age of Lake Malawi (Nyasa) and water level fluctuations. Mus. roy. Afr. centr., Tervuren (Belg.), Dept. Geol. Min., Rapp. ann. 1993 & 1994: 99–108.
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687:, commanded by a Captain Rhoades, received orders from the British Empire's high command to "sink, burn, or destroy" the German Empire's only gunboat on the lake, the
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7.7–8.6) and warm with a typical surface temperature between 24 and 29 °C (75–84 °F), while deep sections typically are about 22 °C (72 °F). The
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recognises 117 species of Malawi cichlids as threatened; some of these have tiny ranges and may be restricted to rocky coastlines only a few hundred metres long.
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entered service in 1951. In recent years she has often been out of service, but when operational she runs between Monkey Bay at the southern end of the lake to
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Kornfield, I.; & P.F. Smith (2000). African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 163–196.
1701:
was unable to infect the two species endemic to the lake with the parasites. The field workers, who spent many hours on and in the lake, did not find either
4046:
Allison; Irvine; Thompson; and Ngatunga (1996). Diets and food consumption rates of pelagic fish in Lake Malawi, Africa. Freshwater Biology 35(3): 489–515.
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the sky. Later, after experiencing the unpredictable and extremely violent gales that sweep through the area, he also referred to it as the Lake of Storms.
2318:
Bhave, Ajay G.; Bulcock, Lauren; Dessai, Suraje; Conway, Declan; Jewitt, Graham; Dougill, Andrew J.; Kolusu, Seshagiri Rao; Mkwambisi, David (2020-05-01).
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Pilskaln, C. H. (2004). "Seasonal and Interannual Particle Export in an African Rift Valley Lake: A 5-Yr Record from Lake Malawi, Southern East Africa".
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has become an intermediate host. This change, first noticed in the mid-1980s, is possibly related to a decline in snail-eating cichlids (for example,
2603:
Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (2003). Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution. Freshwater Forum 20(1): 4–64.
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when he visited the lake. The aquatic larvae feed on zooplankton, spending the day at the bottom and the night in the upper water levels. When they
1027:. A drop in the lake's water level represents another threat, and is believed to be driven by water extraction by the increasing human population,
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species in the lake, but these are important to fisheries. Notice the white genital tassels, longer when fully extended and unique to male chambo.
544:
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Darwall; Allison; Turner; and Irvine (2010). Lake of flies, or lake of fish? A trophic model of Lake Malawi. Ecological Modelling 221: 713–727.
1332:, but otherwise vary extensively in general behaviour and ecology. Within the Malawi haplochromines there are two main groups, the haps and the
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Genner; Ngatunga; Mzighani; Smith; and Turner (2015). Geographical ancestry of Lake Malawi’s cichlid fish diversity. Biol. Lett. 11: 2015023.
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250,000–110,000 years ago, about 25,000 years ago and 18,000–10,700 years ago. During the peak of the low-water period between 1390 and 1860
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the government conducted independent scientific tests on the local river system and found that there was no effect on the environment.
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1342:) can be further subdivided into three subgroups: The relatively large, often more than 20 cm (8 in) long, and aggressive
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The 25 km solo swim across Lake Malawi between Cape Ngomba and Senga Bay has been accomplished on 5 occasions by 16 swimmers
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lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of
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https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/brief-projecting-future-water-availability-inlake-malawi-and-the-shire-river-basin/
2063:
4191:
2752:
2177:
Turner, Seehausen, Knight, Allender, and Robinson (2001). "How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?"
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important food source for fish, and the adult flies are important both to birds and local people, who collect them to make
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The vast majority of the fish species in the lake are cichlids. Among the non-cichlid native fish are several species of
4469:
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1390:), a widespread African species, is the only substrate-spawning cichlid in the lake. This large cichlid mainly feeds on
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and the extreme variation among some species, making the task of delimiting them very complex. Except for four species (
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28:
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Future Climate for Africa, "How can we improve the use of information for a climate-resilient Malawi?", February 2020,
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1848:. These swarms, typically appearing far out over water, can be mistaken for plumes of smoke and were also noticed by
3320:
4444:
4104:
2443:"Marine Incursion: The Freshwater Herring of Lake Tanganyika Are the Product of a Marine Invasion into West Africa"
1035:. The chambo and kampango have been particularly overfished (the kampango declined by about 90% from 2006 to 2016,
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2374:
https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/how-can-we-improve-the-use-of-information-for-a-climate-resilient-malawi/
2151:. United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UNESCO. October 1995. Archived from
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511:
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Loiselle, P.V. (1988). A Fishkeepers Guide to African Cichlids, p. 97. Salamander Books, London & New York.
3435:"Ancestral Hybridization Facilitated Species Diversification in the Lake Malawi Cichlid Fish Adaptive Radiation"
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439:, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-
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near the lake, but some are exported from Malawi. The wild population of fish is increasingly threatened by
413:
275:
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van Huis, A.; H. van Gurp; and M. Dicke (2012). The Insect Cookbook: Food for a Sustainable Planet, p. 31.
3687:
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2320:"Lake Malawi's threshold behaviour: A stakeholder-informed model to simulate sensitivity to climate change"
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Growing up in a Border District and Resolving the Tanzania-Malawi Lake Dispute: Compromise and concessions
1944:
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that roam various habitats in pursuit of prey, the open-water (although often not far from sand or rocks)
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of about 29,600 square kilometres (11,400 sq mi). The lake is 706 m (2,316 ft) at its
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in the lake itself. More recently, the disease has become a problem in the lake itself as the endemic
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limit is at a depth of approximately 250 m (820 ft), effectively restricting fish and other
520:
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3113:, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FI:DP/MLW/86/013, Field Document 21. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
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Givnish, T.J.; and K.J. Sytsma, editors (1997). Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation, p. 598.
833:. The renovation was expected to be complete during the first half of 2014, but was halted in 2017.
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2013: Milko van Gool (Netherlands) 8hrs 46 minutes and Kaitlin Harthoorn (US) 9hrs 17 minutes
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The cichlids of the lake are divided into two groups and the vast majority of the species are
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has been recorded down to depths of 200–220 m (660–720 ft) and several (especially
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2971:"Malawi Shipping Company set to launch new passenger vessel on Lake Malawi – Face Of Malawi"
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shot from a range of about 1,800 metres (2,000 yd). This brief conflict was hailed by
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is an "aberrant" hap that often sifts mouthfuls of sand to extract small food organisms.
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is endemic to the lake, but it is poorly known and has historically been confused with
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829:. She later served as a ferry and is currently being renovated into a mobile clinic at
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is a small cichlid where both male (blue and black) and female (yellow) are colorful.
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portion of the surface. Later in colonial times, two jurisdictions were established.
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David Livingstone, Africa's Greatest Explorer: The Man, the Missionary and the Myth
1936:
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9hrs 52 minutes (UK/South Africa) and Otto Thanning (South Africa) 10hrs 5 minutes
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1673:. A survey in Monkey Bay in 1964 found two endemic species of snails of the genus (
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1149:, one of the very few cichlid genera that occurs offshore in relatively deep water.
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Distribution and Biology of Chambo (Oreochromis spp.) in Lakes Malawi and Malombe.
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1375:(a feature particularly prevalent in the mbuna, but not exclusive to this group).
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has bright blue males (shown) and duller females that are silvery with dark spots.
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1456:), one of the largest catfish, reaching up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length
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624:, it may have been 120–150 m (390–490 ft) below current water levels.
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4240:"Man braves crocodiles, hippos to set world record in 54-day swim across lake"
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4155:"Milko Van Gool thought to be fastest male solo swimmer across North Channel"
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and shrimp, there are few such species in Lake Malawi. The Malawi blue crab,
1420:) that are endemic to the Lake Malawi system, as well as the closely related
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aggressive (although commonly found in high densities) and often specialised
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On 16 August 1914, Lake Malawi was the scene of a brief naval battle during
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4297:"Freshwater Fish Species in Lake Malawi (Nyasa) [Southeast Africa]"
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Radioactive pollution of Lake Malawi by Australian uranium company Paladin?
3600:
3496:
2902:"Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again"
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2096:. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 222.
17:
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Recent study on Lake Malawi water levels reveals drought 100,000 years ago
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was out of service she operated the route to Karonga. The Tanzanian ferry
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3044:"BBC World Service - African Perspective, MV Vipya Lake Malawi Disaster"
2904:. Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies. 8 August 2012.
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Lake Malawi is famous for the huge swarms of tiny, harmless lake flies,
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Mayall, James (December 1973). "The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute".
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Wilson, Ab.; Teugels, Gg.; Meyer, A. (Apr 2008). Moritz, Craig (ed.).
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Ad Konings' Book of Cichlids and all the other Fishes of Lake Malawi.
2070:. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from
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is part of a group of relatively peaceful species popularly known as
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710:
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4188:"Swimming Cows conquer Lake Malawi in brutal conditions – The Cows"
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and the upper Shire River. Many of these have become popular among
788:
making the middle of the lake their boundary with the exception of
3341:
Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series.
3152:"Rapid drop in Lake Malawi's water levels drives down fish stocks"
1825:
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Lake Malawi is home to a total of four snail species in the genus
1472:
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1347:
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1200:
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1915:) and Jay Azran (South Africa) 8hrs 40 minutes, Andrew Stevens (
1742:
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164:
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4213:"Cows members conquer Lake Malawi in tough conditions for CHOC"
2884:"Tanzania: Life Continues on Lake Nyasa Despite Border Dispute"
1628:). The endemic freshwater snails are all members of the genera
1382:, comprises only six species in two genera in Lake Malawi: The
2808:
Mayall, James (1973). "The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute".
1588:
At a genus level, most of these are widespread in Africa, but
640:
is located at a depth of 40–100 m (130–330 ft). The
3878:
A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.
3176:
Phiri, T.B.; Gobo, E.; Tweddle, D.; Kanyerere, G.Z. (2019) .
999:. Other species that support important fisheries include the
796:, which were kept by the British and are now part of Malawi.
723:
as the British Empire's first naval victory of World War I.
503:
The lake is about 350 kilometres (220 mi) southeast of
3754:
p. 46. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity.
2614:"What Are The Primary Inflows And Outflows Of Lake Malawi?"
2195:"Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site"
1748:), is the only crab in the lake and it is not endemic. The
920:
Wildlife found in and around Lake Malawi or Nyasa includes
633:
621:
2703:
Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa
1875:
In January 2015, a sediment control tank collapsed at the
4064:"No harm caused by Paladin mine Kayerekera – Malawi govt"
3811:
Freshwater Snails Of Africa And Their Medical Importance.
3295:"Rangers struggle to save endangered fish in Lake Malawi"
1274:
to the Malawi system, which also includes nearby smaller
598:. The lake lies in a valley formed by the opening of the
443:
boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and
2751:. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 1 August 2007. Archived from
693:, commanded by Captain Berndt. Rhoades's crew found the
507:, another of the great lakes of the East African Rift.
755:
next to the shoreline of Tanzania. Both sides cite the
3970:
Morris, B. (2004). Insects and Human Life, pp. 73–76.
3836:(Mollusca: Planorbidae) in Lake Malawi (= Lake Nyasa)"
3550:
The Nonendemic Haplochromine Cichlids of Lake Malawi.
3215:
Kanyerere, G.Z.; Phiri, T.B.; Shechonge, A. (2019) .
3021:
2092:
Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).
1047:
might already be extinct) and they are now seriously
1837:), resembling distant plumes of smoke over the water
420:
lake in the world by area and the third largest and
4068:
Malawi Nyasa Times – Malawi breaking news in Malawi
661:trader Candido José da Costa Cardoso was the first
352:
344:
336:
327:
323:
316:
296:
292:
284:
274:
266:
258:
248:
240:
232:
228:
207:
193:
179:
163:
124:
41:
2638:
1394:. The remaining are five mouthbrooding species of
487:, and there is an outlet at its southern end, the
3020:. Marine Services Company Limited. Archived from
2536:
2534:
2388:Water as a weapon of international confrontations
1863:cakes/burgers, a local delicacy with a very high
893:. The worst Lake disaster was the sinking of the
772:exploration cease until the dispute was settled.
3830:Wright, C. A.; Klein, J.; Eccles, D. H. (1967).
3531:
3529:
3527:
2705:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. not cited.
2690:. Vol. 1. Infobase Publishing. p. 576.
1324:sp. Ruaha (a currently undescribed species from
125:
102:
72:
3796:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T44266A120109809.en
3279:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T60760A148648312.en
3240:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T61293A148647939.en
3201:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T60856A155041757.en
2853:"JB Meets Opposition Leaders On Tanzania Again"
877:Marine Division until 1997, when it became the
53:View from orbit. North is in upper right corner
3925:
3923:
2776:"Malawi optimistic on Tanzania border dispute"
2577:
2575:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2500:
2498:
2496:
1238:among several groups of animals, most notably
4342:
4029:
4027:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3591:
3589:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
2945:
2943:
2941:
1731:Unlike Lake Tanganyika with its many endemic
851:on the northern end, and occasionally to the
780:In 1954, an agreement was signed between the
8:
3750:Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005).
3145:
3143:
3106:Turner, G.F.; and N.C. Mwanyama (July 1992).
2916:"Chauncy Maples : Lake Malawi's Clinic"
2557:
2555:
2553:
2173:
2171:
2169:
1685:) in the lake, and two non-endemic species (
960:) spread out to dry on the shore of the lake
821:began service on the lake in 1901 as the SS
764:, without a separate administration for the
514:is located at the southern end of the lake.
416:freshwater lake in the world by volume, the
4006:
4004:
4002:
3985:
3983:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2284:
2282:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
1336:. The haps (they were formerly included in
1234:Lake Malawi is noted for being the site of
483:. The largest river flowing into it is the
4349:
4335:
4327:
4012:Interesting seasonal highlights of Malawi.
3875:Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011).
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
2745:"Govt clarifies on Tanzania-Malawi border"
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2210:, 49(4), 964–977. {{doi:10.2307/3597647}}.
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1764:, which is not found in the lake. Pelagic
288:468 metres (1,535 ft) above sea level
38:
3794:
3486:
3470:1983/40d3dafd-f1d5-4ea4-a447-126df76a0651
3468:
3450:
3277:
3238:
3199:
2803:
2801:
2476:
2466:
1901:2010: Abigail Brown (UK) 9hrs 45 minutes
4035:What Are These Strange Looking "Clouds"?
3645:Malawicichlids. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
3552:MalawiCichlids. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
3539:MalawiCichlids. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
2385:Aghaindum, Ajeagah Gideon (2017-06-15).
900:in 1946, which resulted in 145 deaths.
873:was built in 1988. Her operator was the
3740:doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00687.x
3293:McKenzie, D.; B. Swails (22 May 2013).
3124:"Preserving the Future for Lake Malawi"
2851:Chitsulo, Kondwani (3 September 2012).
2189:
2187:
1971:
827:Universities' Mission to Central Africa
825:: a floating clinic and church for the
709:disabled the German boat with a single
516:
254:29,600 km (11,400 sq mi)
3423:CichlidForum. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
3410:CichlidForum. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
3397:CichlidForum. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
3384:CichlidForum. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
3254:Phiri, T.B.; Kanyerere, G.Z. (2019) .
2982:
2980:
2727:"The Guendolen v Hermann Von Wissmann"
2681:
2679:
2143:
2141:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
1015:). Most fishing provides food for the
4263:The Journal of Modern African Studies
3912:Richard, J.; and Clark, P.F. (2009).
3519:doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163
2810:The Journal of Modern African Studies
2546:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003788
1605:Lake Malawi is home to 28 species of
550:Beach at Cape Maclear near Monkey Bay
351:
343:
335:
326:
280:8,640 km (2,070 cu mi)
7:
3752:The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems.
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1592:is entirely restricted to the lake.
1363:. They are found at rocky outcrops,
4037:IFLScience. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
3782:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3265:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3226:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3187:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2774:Kamlomo, Gabriel (27 August 2012).
840:entered service in 1935. The ferry
471:The lake has shorelines on western
4052:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1996.tb01764.x
3852:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1967.tb02873.x
2118:"Lake Niassa and its Coastal Zone"
1719:) due to overfishing and/or a new
993:), as well as the closely related
936:that feed off fish from the lake.
932:, and a significant population of
649:muddy due to muddy river inflows.
491:, a tributary that flows into the
25:
4323:, African Renaissance Press, 2022
3111:Food and Agriculture Organization
3076:"Geography & Wildlife Malawi"
2994:. Marine Services Company Limited
2969:Malawi, Face of (31 March 2014).
2645:. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
1699:British Museum of Natural History
401:and the southernmost lake in the
4480:Territorial disputes of Tanzania
4455:Malawi–Tanzania border crossings
1929:
1320:to the Malawi haplochromines is
1270:), all cichlids in the lake are
1133:
1122:
1111:
1100:
1089:
1078:
1067:
543:
531:
519:
340:Lake Niassa and its Coastal Zone
236:560 km (350 mi) to 580
101:
94:
71:
64:
47:
3935:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.001
3564:"African Cichlids, Lake Malawi"
3439:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2688:Encyclopedia of World Geography
885:plies weekly between Liuli and
879:Marine Services Company Limited
283:
273:
265:
257:
247:
239:
231:
4475:Territorial disputes of Malawi
4435:Lakes of the Great Rift Valley
4105:"Expeditions, Internal Waters"
3641:Oliver, M.K. (12 April 2015).
3548:Oliver, M.K. (12 April 2015).
3535:Oliver, M.K. (12 April 2015).
1814:(including both described and
1609:(including 16 endemics) and 9
1482:, and the Lake Malawi sardine
1400:; four chambo in the subgenus
916:catching a fish in Lake Malawi
808:A jetty juts into the lake at
632:The lake's water is alkaline (
1:
4460:International lakes of Africa
4238:Thom, Liezl (26 April 2019).
2882:Joel, Lawi (15 August 2012).
2344:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124671
1302:Copadichromis quadrimaculatus
3537:The Tilapias of Lake Malawi.
3395:The Peacocks of Lake Malawi.
3062:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2468:10.1371/journal.pone.0001979
2295:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.038
2094:Natural Wonders of the World
2032:Columbia Encyclopedia Online
875:Tanzania Railway Corporation
29:Lake Malawi (disambiguation)
4033:Andrew, D. (30 June 2015).
3893:Freshwater Crabs of Africa.
3881:Journal Articles. Paper 30.
3611:Aquaticcommunity (2004–08).
3058:"Lake Malawi National Park"
2950:Sefton, John (2010-11-09).
2413:"Lake Malawi National Park"
2149:"Protected Areas Programme"
1830:Huge swarms of lake flies (
1723:of the bilharzia parasite.
1017:increasing human population
665:to visit the lake in 1846.
590:Malawi is one of the major
586:, Malawi being in the south
409:, Mozambique and Tanzania.
4496:
4465:Ramsar sites in Mozambique
3903:Freshwater Forum 21: 3–26.
2890:. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
2666:Bayly, Paul (2014-03-27).
2208:Limnology and Oceanography
1566:Aplocheilichthys johnstoni
1218:is one of only six native
270:706 m (2,316 ft)
26:
4364:
4276:10.1017/S0022278X00008776
3408:Fossorochromis rostratus.
3150:Banda, M. (22 May 2013).
3082:. SOS Children's Villages
2822:10.1017/s0022278x00008776
2125:Sites Information Service
2037:Columbia University Press
1881:radioactive contamination
1738:Potamonautes lirrangensis
1575:Nothobranchius orthonotus
1424:, which also is found in
1154:Nimbochromis livingstonii
757:Heligoland Treaty of 1890
512:Lake Malawi National Park
430:Lake Malawi National Park
364:
360:
58:
46:
4450:Malawi–Mozambique border
3775:Aspatharia subreniformis
3714:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3686:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3658:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3615:Retrieved 13 April 2017.
3371:Retrieved 11 April 2017.
3258:Oreochromis squamipinnis
2782:. Malawi. Archived from
2391:. Editions L'Harmattan.
1950:2009 Karonga earthquakes
1616:Aspatharia subreniformis
1250:Astatotilapia calliptera
1215:Oreochromis squamipinnis
1194:Fossorochromis rostratus
776:Malawi–Mozambique border
405:system, located between
262:292 m (958 ft)
109:Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa)
79:Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa)
42:Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa)
4021:Retrieved 8 April 2017.
3951:10.1023/A:1025417822555
3421:Pseudotropheus saulosi.
2749:Daily News (via KForum)
2568:10.1073/pnas.0703873104
2197:Retrieved 17 July 2014.
1484:Engraulicypris sardella
1236:evolutionary radiations
1182:Aulonocara stuartgranti
1161:hap that is famous for
1005:Engraulicypris sardella
958:Engraulicypris sardella
855:of Tanzania. The ferry
750:Tanzania–Malawi dispute
244:75 km (47 mi)
4173:"CROSSING LAKE MALAWI"
4130:"Lake Malawi Crossing"
3789:: e.T44266A120109809.
3771:Van Damme, D. (2018).
3601:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0232
3382:Copadichromis azureus.
3272:: e.T60760A148648312.
3233:: e.T61293A148647939.
3194:: e.T60856A155041757.
2701:Paice, Edward (2007).
2001:. Aquaticcommunity.com
1945:1989 Malawi earthquake
1838:
1716:Trematocranus placodon
1457:
1378:The second group, the
1206:Pseudotropheus saulosi
961:
917:
812:
746:
604:African tectonic plate
587:
571:
394:
3813:p. 571. 2nd edition.
3728:. April 2017 version.
3700:. April 2017 version.
3672:. April 2017 version.
3461:10.1093/molbev/msz294
3317:"Geographic Patterns"
2686:R. W. McColl (2005).
1911:2019: Chris Stapley (
1829:
1625:Nyassunio nyassaensis
1447:
1174:Copadichromis azureus
952:
911:
807:
735:Dashed line: current
734:
653:European colonisation
628:Water characteristics
577:
563:
463:, located in a major
3832:"Endemic species of
3568:www.aquariumlife.net
3219:Oreochromis karongae
3024:on 10 September 2011
2926:on 12 September 2018
2324:Journal of Hydrology
2193:WWF (10 June 2011).
2074:on February 10, 2007
2068:World Lakes Database
1782:Bosmina longirostris
1768:species include two
1488:airbreathing catfish
1261:Oreochromis shiranus
972:Oreochromis karongae
954:Lake Malawi sardines
705:territorial waters.
695:Hermann von Wissmann
690:Hermann von Wissmann
27:For other uses, see
4470:Lakes of Mozambique
4430:African Great Lakes
4358:African Great Lakes
4321:Godfrey Mwakikagile
3890:Dobson, M. (2004).
3718:Bagrus meridionalis
3180:Bagrus meridionalis
2958:. ShipStamps.co.uk.
2786:on 5 September 2012
2459:2008PLoSO...3.1979W
2417:World Heritage List
2336:2020JHyd..58424671B
1816:undescribed species
1755:Caridina malawensis
1665:, which is a known
1504:Bagrus meridionalis
1502:, and the kampango
1454:Bagrus meridionalis
1245:undescribed species
1165:to lure prey close.
1013:Bagrus meridionalis
1001:Lake Malawi sardine
934:African fish eagles
703:German East African
565:Topographic profile
144: /
4017:2014-08-12 at the
3917:Zootaxa 1995: 1–75
3898:2016-06-23 at the
3840:Journal of Zoology
3809:Brown, D. (1994).
3688:"Species in genus
3643:Coptodon rendalli.
3574:on 12 October 2017
2863:on 28 January 2013
2637:Jeal, Tim (1973).
1839:
1521:Synodontis njassae
1458:
1043:by about 94%, and
962:
918:
914:African fish eagle
813:
747:
607:appeared 4.5 mya.
588:
572:
556:Geological history
526:Lake Malawi (1967)
399:African Great Lake
353:Reference no.
115:Show map of Africa
85:Show map of Malawi
4445:Lakes of Tanzania
4407:
4406:
4010:Malawi Tourism:
3995:978-0-231-16684-3
3662:Coptodon rendalli
3323:on 2 October 2018
2920:Chauncymaples.org
2712:978-0-297-84709-0
2672:. Fonthill Media.
2587:978-953-307-852-6
2398:978-2-14-003961-4
2179:Molecular Ecology
1995:"Malawi Cichlids"
1850:David Livingstone
1667:intermediate host
1607:freshwater snails
1583:Anguilla nebulosa
1571:spotted killifish
1388:Coptodon rendalli
1384:redbreast tilapia
1326:Great Ruaha River
1305:) are known from
1256:Coptodon rendalli
1167:3. As typical of
667:David Livingstone
646:aerobic organisms
600:East African Rift
592:Rift Valley lakes
584:Rift Valley lakes
580:East African Rift
567:of Lake Malawi's
445:thermal gradients
435:Lake Malawi is a
403:East African Rift
368:
367:
285:Surface elevation
148:12.000°S 34.500°E
16:(Redirected from
4487:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4328:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4287:
4248:
4247:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4190:. Archived from
4183:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4132:. Archived from
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4107:. Archived from
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4070:. Archived from
4060:
4054:
4044:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4008:
3997:
3987:
3978:
3968:
3953:
3943:
3937:
3927:
3918:
3910:
3904:
3888:
3882:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3854:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3768:
3762:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3652:
3646:
3639:
3633:
3622:
3616:
3609:
3603:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3570:. Archived from
3559:
3553:
3546:
3540:
3533:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3490:
3472:
3454:
3445:(4): 1100–1113.
3430:
3424:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3365:
3350:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3319:. Archived from
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3120:
3114:
3104:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2922:. Archived from
2912:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2859:. Archived from
2848:
2842:
2841:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2644:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2590:
2579:
2570:
2559:
2548:
2538:
2529:
2526:
2513:
2502:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2286:
2277:
2260:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2175:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1999:AC Tropical Fish
1991:
1961:Southeast Africa
1939:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1733:freshwater crabs
1508:mochokid catfish
1187:peacock cichlids
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1007:) and the large
790:Chizumulu Island
547:
535:
523:
373:, also known as
197:
196:Primary outflows
183:
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
127:
116:
105:
104:
98:
86:
75:
74:
68:
51:
39:
21:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4440:Lakes of Malawi
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4374:Lake Tanganyika
4360:
4355:
4307:
4305:
4295:
4259:
4256:
4254:Further reading
4251:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4220:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4197:
4195:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4077:
4075:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4045:
4041:
4032:
4025:
4019:Wayback Machine
4009:
4000:
3988:
3981:
3969:
3956:
3944:
3940:
3928:
3921:
3911:
3907:
3900:Wayback Machine
3889:
3885:
3874:
3870:
3861:
3859:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3808:
3804:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3640:
3636:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3606:
3594:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3562:Pardee, Keith.
3561:
3560:
3556:
3547:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3375:
3369:Haps Vs. Mbuna.
3366:
3353:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3105:
3094:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2956:Community Forum
2949:
2948:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2780:The Daily Times
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2755:on 13 July 2011
2743:
2742:
2738:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2580:
2573:
2560:
2551:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2516:
2503:
2494:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2287:
2280:
2261:
2214:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1973:
1969:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1889:
1873:
1824:
1810:), and several
1746:P. orbitospinus
1729:
1603:
1598:
1557:Brycinus imberi
1518:Malawi squeaker
1442:
1432:mainly feed on
1418:O. squamipinnis
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1210:
1198:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1150:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1061:Malawi cichlids
1041:O. squamipinnis
1025:water pollution
990:O. squamipinnis
947:
942:
922:Nile crocodiles
906:
889:via Itungi and
802:
778:
752:
740:
729:
655:
630:
582:(red) with the
558:
551:
548:
539:
536:
527:
524:
505:Lake Tanganyika
479:, and southern
453:
437:meromictic lake
332:
211: countries
182:Primary inflows
153:-12.000; 34.500
152:
150:
146:
143:
138:
135:
133:
131:
130:
120:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
106:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
76:
54:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4493:
4491:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4314:
4293:
4288:
4270:(4): 611–628.
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4230:
4204:
4178:
4164:
4146:
4121:
4096:
4084:
4055:
4039:
4023:
3998:
3979:
3954:
3938:
3919:
3905:
3883:
3868:
3846:(1): 199–209.
3822:
3802:
3763:
3743:
3731:
3712:Froese, Rainer
3703:
3684:Froese, Rainer
3675:
3656:Froese, Rainer
3647:
3634:
3617:
3604:
3585:
3554:
3541:
3523:
3510:
3452:10.1101/738633
3425:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3373:
3351:
3347:978-0812013504
3334:
3308:
3285:
3246:
3207:
3168:
3139:
3115:
3092:
3067:
3049:
3035:
3005:
2976:
2961:
2937:
2907:
2893:
2874:
2843:
2816:(4): 611–628.
2797:
2766:
2736:
2731:Clash of Steel
2718:
2711:
2693:
2675:
2658:
2651:
2629:
2605:
2591:
2571:
2549:
2530:
2514:
2492:
2433:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2365:
2310:
2298:
2278:
2274:978-0866225274
2212:
2199:
2183:
2165:
2137:
2109:
2102:
2084:
2048:
2011:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1924:
1921:
1888:
1885:
1877:Paladin Energy
1872:
1871:2015 mine leak
1869:
1823:
1820:
1792:Tropodiaptomus
1728:
1725:
1682:B. succinoides
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1441:
1438:
1318:sister species
1314:haplochromines
1296:Rhamphochromis
1266:Serranochromis
1231:
1228:
1140:Top to bottom:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1029:climate change
946:
943:
941:
938:
905:
902:
823:Chauncy Maples
818:Chauncy Maples
801:
798:
777:
774:
751:
748:
728:
725:
697:in a bay near
677:. The British
654:
651:
629:
626:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
542:
540:
537:
530:
528:
525:
518:
452:
449:
422:second deepest
414:fourth largest
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:Ramsar Wetland
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
318:
314:
313:
300:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
226:
225:
212:
205:
204:
199:
191:
190:
185:
177:
176:
167:
161:
160:
128:
122:
121:
108:
107:
100:
99:
93:
92:
91:
90:
78:
77:
70:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
36:Lake in Africa
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4492:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:Ancient lakes
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4369:Lake Victoria
4367:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4231:
4219:. 10 May 2019
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4194:on 2020-08-04
4193:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4161:. 2013-07-30.
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4136:on 2015-09-06
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4111:on 2020-04-08
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4074:on 2015-04-01
4073:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:1-84520-075-6
3973:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3858:on 2012-10-20
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3819:0-7484-0026-5
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3760:1-4020-3745-7
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3630:0-86101-407-3
3627:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3613:Haplochromis.
3608:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3169:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2652:9780399112157
2648:
2643:
2642:
2633:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:0-521-57329-7
2507:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2155:on 2008-05-11
2154:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2103:0-89577-087-3
2099:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:"Lake Malawi"
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:aequatorialis
1807:
1802:
1800:
1799:Thermocyclops
1795:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1766:zooplanktonic
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1613:(2 endemics,
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:Invertebrates
1595:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:African tetra
1550:
1549:
1548:Petrocephalus
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1526:Mastacembelus
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1434:phytoplankton
1431:
1428:. The Malawi
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:territorially
1362:
1357:
1353:
1350:that feed in
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1330:mouthbrooders
1327:
1323:
1322:Astatotilapia
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1199:6. Like many
1196:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1070:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:deforestation
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
991:
986:
985:
980:
979:
974:
973:
968:
959:
955:
951:
944:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
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903:
901:
899:
898:
892:
888:
884:
880:
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865:
861:
860:
854:
853:Iringa Region
850:
846:
845:
839:
838:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:
811:
806:
799:
797:
795:
794:Likoma Island
791:
787:
783:
775:
773:
769:
767:
763:
758:
749:
744:
741:Dotted line:
738:
733:
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718:
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712:
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546:
541:
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515:
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508:
506:
501:
497:
494:
493:Zambezi River
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
466:
462:
461:deepest point
458:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
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431:
427:
423:
419:
418:ninth largest
415:
410:
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380:
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372:
363:
359:
355:
348:26 April 2011
347:
339:
337:Official name
331:
322:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
279:
277:
269:
261:
259:Average depth
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162:
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129:
123:
97:
67:
57:
50:
45:
40:
34:
30:
19:
4384:Lake Turkana
4378:
4316:
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4300:
4267:
4261:
4243:
4233:
4221:. Retrieved
4216:
4207:
4196:. Retrieved
4192:the original
4181:
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4134:the original
4124:
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4109:the original
4099:
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4072:the original
4067:
4058:
4042:
3941:
3913:
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3891:
3886:
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3860:. Retrieved
3856:the original
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3751:
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3607:
3578:30 September
3576:. Retrieved
3572:the original
3567:
3557:
3544:
3513:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3415:
3406:O'Brien, R:
3402:
3393:Elieson, M:
3389:
3380:Elieson, M:
3376:
3367:Elieson, M:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3321:the original
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3288:
3269:
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3249:
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3224:
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3159:. Retrieved
3156:The Guardian
3155:
3131:. Retrieved
3127:
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3079:
3070:
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3026:. Retrieved
3022:the original
3017:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2991:
2988:"MV. Songea"
2964:
2955:
2930:12 September
2928:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2919:
2910:
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2865:. Retrieved
2861:the original
2857:Malawi Voice
2856:
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2809:
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2784:the original
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2753:the original
2748:
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2617:
2608:
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2450:
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2416:
2407:
2387:
2380:
2368:
2327:
2323:
2313:
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2207:
2202:
2181:10: 793–806.
2178:
2157:. Retrieved
2153:the original
2128:. Retrieved
2121:
2112:
2093:
2087:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2067:
2040:. Retrieved
2030:
2027:"Lake Nyasa"
2003:. Retrieved
1998:
1937:Lakes portal
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1874:
1858:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1775:Diaphanosoma
1773:
1759:
1753:
1745:
1736:
1730:
1714:
1711:B. nyassanus
1710:
1707:B. forskalli
1706:
1702:
1694:B. forskalli
1692:
1686:
1680:
1676:B. nyassanus
1674:
1662:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1604:
1590:Bathyclarias
1589:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1493:Bathyclarias
1491:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1440:Non-cichlids
1429:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1377:
1339:Haplochromis
1337:
1321:
1311:
1300:
1294:
1291:Diplotaxodon
1290:
1286:Diplotaxodon
1284:
1276:Lake Malombe
1264:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1233:
1213:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1172:
1163:playing dead
1152:
1146:Diplotaxodon
1144:
1142:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1012:
1004:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
966:
963:
957:
926:hippopotamus
919:
896:
882:
869:
863:
858:
843:
836:
822:
817:
814:
779:
770:
753:
714:
706:
694:
689:
683:
672:
656:
631:
609:
602:, where the
596:ancient lake
589:
509:
502:
498:
485:Ruhuhu River
470:
457:surface area
454:
434:
411:
382:
374:
370:
369:
311:Mumbo Island
276:Water volume
250:Surface area
188:Ruhuhu River
170:Ancient lake
33:
4420:Lake Malawi
4399:Lake Edward
4389:Lake Albert
4379:Lake Malawi
4217:The Witness
3690:Oreochromis
3419:Barber, P:
3128:web.mit.edu
2867:5 September
2790:5 September
2641:Livingstone
2263:Konings, Ad
1806:Mesocyclops
1794:cunningtoni
1770:cladocerans
1761:C. nilotica
1727:Crustaceans
1703:B. globosus
1688:B. globosus
1579:mottled eel
1577:), and the
1536:Marcusenius
1529:spiny eel,
1513:Chiloglanis
1464:(in genera
1430:Oreochromis
1426:Lake Chilwa
1422:O. shiranus
1406:O. karongae
1397:Oreochromis
1392:macrophytes
1356:zooplankton
1159:piscivorous
1037:O. karongae
1021:overfishing
996:O. shiranus
766:Tanganyikan
699:Sphinxhaven
675:World War I
638:thermocline
538:Mwaya Beach
489:Shire River
383:Lago Niassa
371:Lake Malawi
233:Max. length
202:Shire River
151: /
126:Coordinates
18:Malawi Lake
4414:Categories
4308:9 December
4198:2020-05-21
4140:2018-12-11
4115:2018-12-11
4078:2016-01-02
3862:2010-05-22
3133:2015-09-14
3086:2015-09-14
3080:Our Africa
2952:"Mtendere"
2888:Daily News
2759:26 January
2623:2019-10-24
2618:WorldAtlas
2426:24 October
2330:: 124671.
2159:2008-06-26
2078:2007-04-02
2042:2011-08-02
2005:2007-04-02
1967:References
1896:Lewis Pugh
1822:Lake flies
1655:Melanoides
1479:Opsaridium
1402:Nyasalapia
1344:piscivores
1049:threatened
967:Nyasalapia
891:Mbamba Bay
887:Nkhata Bay
831:Monkey Bay
810:Nkhata Bay
786:Portuguese
659:Portuguese
475:, eastern
473:Mozambique
465:depression
412:It is the
395:Ziwa Nyasa
387:Mozambique
375:Lake Nyasa
345:Designated
317:References
267:Max. depth
241:Max. width
219:Mozambique
4394:Lake Kivu
4284:154785268
4186:TheCows.
3505:202010546
3479:0737-4038
3327:9 January
2838:154785268
2360:213751778
2352:0022-1694
1917:Australia
1867:content.
1844:Chaoborus
1833:Chaoborus
1812:ostracods
1801:neglectus
1785:), three
1671:bilharzia
1643:Gabbiella
1562:poeciliid
1542:Mormyrops
1531:mormyrids
1462:cyprinids
1410:O. lidole
1045:O. lidole
1011:catfish (
978:O. lidole
800:Transport
762:Nyasaland
743:Tanzanian
716:The Times
707:Gwendolen
684:Gwendolen
451:Geography
307:Chizumulu
174:Rift lake
165:Lake type
4302:Mongabay
4244:ABC News
4159:BBC News
4015:Archived
3915:species.
3896:Archived
3725:FishBase
3697:FishBase
3669:FishBase
3497:31821500
3301:11 April
3161:11 April
2487:18431469
2447:PLOS ONE
2265:(1990).
2130:25 April
1923:See also
1913:Eswatini
1887:Swimming
1787:copepods
1649:Lanistes
1631:Bellamya
1619:and the
1611:bivalves
1601:Molluscs
1450:kampango
1373:anal fin
1369:aufwuchs
1309:waters.
1280:aquarium
1268:robustus
1230:Cichlids
1009:kampango
904:Wildlife
895:MV
868:MV
859:Mtendere
857:MV
842:MV
835:MV
816:MV
784:and the
682:SS
663:European
613:alkaline
481:Tanzania
426:cichlids
397:) is an
379:Tanzania
309:islets,
223:Tanzania
3834:Bulinus
3488:7086168
3447:bioRxiv
3028:26 June
3018:Vessels
2998:26 June
2992:Vessels
2478:2292254
2455:Bibcode
2332:Bibcode
1957:village
1865:protein
1777:excisum
1752:shrimp
1663:Bulinus
1637:Bulinus
1621:unionid
1551:), the
1499:Clarias
1414:O. saka
1380:tilapia
1352:schools
1307:pelagic
1272:endemic
1240:cichlid
1220:tilapia
984:O. saka
945:Fishing
930:monkeys
849:Karonga
782:British
739:border
727:Borders
721:England
679:gunboat
594:and an
391:Swahili
298:Islands
139:34°30′E
136:12°00′S
4282:
4223:21 May
3993:
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2100:
1955:Mtenje
1894:1992:
1854:pupate
1846:edulis
1835:edulis
1721:strain
1569:, the
1560:, the
1467:Barbus
1316:. The
1051:. The
883:Songea
870:Songea
737:Malawi
711:cannon
642:oxygen
617:saline
477:Malawi
441:anoxic
407:Malawi
303:Likoma
221:, and
215:Malawi
4319:, by
4280:S2CID
3501:S2CID
3297:. CNN
2834:S2CID
2826:JSTOR
2356:S2CID
1860:kungu
1750:atyid
1473:Labeo
1361:Tonga
1348:utaka
1334:mbuna
1201:mbuna
1169:utaka
1157:is a
897:Vipya
864:Ilala
844:Ilala
837:Mpasa
745:claim
701:, in
209:Basin
4310:2016
4225:2020
3991:ISBN
3972:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3787:2018
3756:ISBN
3626:ISBN
3580:2017
3493:PMID
3475:ISSN
3343:ISBN
3329:2024
3303:2017
3270:2018
3231:2018
3192:2019
3163:2017
3030:2011
3000:2011
2932:2018
2869:2012
2792:2012
2761:2009
2707:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2483:PMID
2428:2015
2393:ISBN
2348:ISSN
2270:ISBN
2132:2018
2098:ISBN
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1779:and
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1652:and
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