779:) bites in Thailand, most victims had mild to moderate symptoms, but 27 of 145 patients (18.6%) developed permanently swollen limbs. There were only two deaths (related to intracerebral hemorrhage) and no amputations. The antivenin manufactured in Thailand seemed effective in reversing the blood clotting caused by the venom. Most patients remained stable and did not require antivenin. The authors suggested that victims not use traditional healers and avoid overuse of tourniquets. In a prospective phase of the study, bites occurred throughout the year but mostly early in the monsoon season (May and June).
642:
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44:
88:
63:
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annually with a mortality rate of about 2 percent. Remarkably sedentary, it has often been found in the same spot several hours after an incident involving humans. Its venom causes severe pain and local swelling and sometimes tissue necrosis, but deaths are not common. Many victims are left with
655:
Dorsally it is reddish, grayish, or pale brown, with two series of large, dark brown, black-edged triangular blotches, which are alternating or opposite. There is also a thin dark brown vertebral stripe, which may be interrupted or indistinct in some specimens. The upper labials are pink or
1281:
Yingprasertchai, Senee; Bunyasrisawat, Srisurat; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi (2003). "Hyaluronidase inhibitors (sodium cromoglycate and sodium auro-thiomalate) reduce the local tissue damage and prolong the survival time of mice injected with Naja kaouthia and
Calloselasma rhodostoma venoms".
662:
Snout pointed and upturned. Rostral as deep as broad. Two internasals and two prefrontals. Frontal as long as or slightly longer than its distance from tip of snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals. 7-9 upper labials. Loreal pit not in contact with the upper labials.
656:
yellowish, and powdered with brown. There is a broad, dark brown, black-edged diagonal stripe from the eye to the corner of the mouth, with a narrower light-colored stripe above it. Ventrally it is yellowish, uniform or powdered or spotted with grayish brown.
1136:
Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, Theakston RD, et al. (November 1986). "Randomized comparative trial of three monospecific antivenoms for bites by the
Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand: clinical and laboratory correlations".
1356:
Daltry, Jennifer C.; Ross, Toby; Thorpe, Roger S.; Wuster, Wolfgang (1998). "Evidence that humidity influences snake activity patterns: a field study of the
Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma".
1756:
1319:
Ouyang, Chaoho; Yeh, Horng-I; Huang, Tur-Fu (1986). "Purification and characterization of a platelet aggregation inducer from
Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) snake venom".
1168:
Ho M, Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, et al. (May 1986). "Clinical significance of venom antigen levels in patients envenomed by the
Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma)".
1170:
1139:
649:
Attains an average total length of 76 cm (30 in), with females being slightly longer than males. Occasionally, they may grow as long as 91 cm (36 in).
1686:
1516:
1244:
Ponnudurai, G.; Chung, M.C.M.; Tan, N.H. (1994). "Purification and
Properties of the L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Malayan Pit Viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) Venom".
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The venom of this species is used to isolate a thrombin-like enzyme called ancrod. This enzyme is used clinically to break down and dissolve
1078:
Chen JH, Liang XX, Qiu PX, Yan GM (May 2001). "Thrombolysis effect with FIIa from
Agkistrodon acutus venom in different thrombosis model".
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341:
371:
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967:
893:
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1201:"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma"
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dysfunctional or amputated limbs due to the lack of antivenom and early treatment. In a 2005 study of 225 Malayan pit viper (
1704:
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The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 21 rows at midbody. Ventrals 138-157; anal plate entire; subcaudals 34-54 pairs.
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Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ...
209:
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A specimen with a total length of 81 cm (32 in) has a tail 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
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Wongtongkam, Nualnong; Wilde, Henry; Sitthi-Amorn, Chitr; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi (April 2005).
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Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.-XXV. (
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This species has a reputation for being bad-tempered and quick to strike. In northern
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is listed as "Java". There are unconfirmed, but credible reports from southern
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Snake
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1
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109:
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Au LC, Lin SB, Chou JS, Teh GW, Chang KJ, Shih CM (September 1993).
1104:
Guangmei Yan, Jiashu Chen, Pengxin Qiu, Hong Shan. "Fibrinolysin of
666:
This is the only Asian pit viper with large crown scales and smooth
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and the eggs are guarded by the female after deposition.
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around plantations, where it searches for rats and mice.
1171:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1140:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1008:. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp.
1028:"A Study of 225 Malayan Pit Viper Bites in Thailand"
1571:
1424:
845:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192168A2050205.en
8:
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770:it is responsible for some 700 incidents of
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962:. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp.
843:
1246:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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936:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
911:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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7:
791:(blood clots) in patients and lower
1793:IUCN Red List least concern species
960:Living Snakes of the World in Color
831:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
742:, orchards, plantations as well as
1370:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00391.x
1128:. Bull Sci. nat. GĂ©ol. 2: 79-83. (
880:. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
820:Grismer, L.; Chan-Ard, T. (2012).
25:
1828:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
1404:C. rhodostoma at Thailand Snakes
86:
738:thickets, unused and overgrown
783:Venom and thrombosis treatment
1:
1398:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1296:10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.09.001
1006:Poisonous Snakes of the World
1333:10.1016/0041-0101(86)90026-7
1849:
1833:Reptiles described in 1824
1153:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.1235
1130:Trigonocephalus rhodostoma
1080:Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
622:are currently recognized.
541:– Campden-Main, 1970
1400:. Accessed 9 August 2007.
1184:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.579
932:"Calloselasma rhodostoma"
734:Prefers coastal forests,
241:
234:
215:
208:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
1126:Sur les Reptiles de Java
1045:10.7205/MILMED.170.4.342
555:Malayan ground pit viper
1603:Calloselasma rhodostoma
1573:Calloselasma rhodostoma
1406:. Accessed 21 Dec 2014.
1206:The Biochemical Journal
824:Calloselasma rhodostoma
777:Calloselasma rhodostoma
595:Calloselasma rhodostoma
537:Calloselasma rhodostoma
430:Calloselasma rhodostoma
219:Calloselasma rhodostoma
1803:Monotypic snake genera
1258:10.1006/abbi.1994.1401
988:Ancistrodon rhodostoma
646:
638:
515:Ancistrodon annamensis
482:Agkistrodon rhodostoma
469:Ancistrodon rhodostoma
456:Ancistrodon rhodostoma
1808:Reptiles of Indonesia
1108:Venom and its Usage."
838:: e.T192168A2050205.
645:Underside of its body
644:
633:
614:and on the island of
443:Calloselma rhodostoma
1818:Reptiles of Thailand
1813:Reptiles of Malaysia
563:Malayan ground snake
349:Tisiphone rhodostoma
958:Mehrtens JM. 1987.
249:Palisot de Beauvois
53:Conservation status
1106:Agkistrodon acutus
718:(Burma), northern
647:
639:
201:C. rhodostoma
1780:
1779:
1556:Open Tree of Life
1418:Taxon identifiers
1219:10.1042/bj2940387
1032:Military Medicine
1004:U.S. Navy. 1991.
876:, Touré T. 1999.
559:Malayan pit viper
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16:(Redirected from
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730:Habitat and diet
674:Geographic range
567:Malayan moccasin
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125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
80:
74:
69:
68:Least Concern
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1617:Calloselasma
1572:
1456:Calloselasma
1426:Calloselasma
1425:
1409:
1393:Calloselasma
1391:
1364:(1): 25–34.
1361:
1357:
1324:
1320:
1287:
1283:
1249:
1245:
1210:
1204:
1175:
1169:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1105:
1100:
1086:(5): 420–2.
1083:
1079:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1005:
987:
983:
975:
959:
939:. Retrieved
926:
914:. Retrieved
901:
877:
849:. Retrieved
835:
829:
823:
815:
797:heart attack
786:
776:
765:
753:
750:Reproduction
733:
677:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
648:
610:to northern
594:
593:
575:Calloselasma
574:
573:
572:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
536:
523:
514:
502:
499:Calloselasma
498:
494:
481:
468:
455:
442:
429:
416:
412:
408:
395:
391:
378:
365:
361:
348:
338:praetextatus
337:
324:
313:
300:Calloselasma
299:
288:
277:
266:
255:
244:
218:
216:
200:
199:
181:Calloselasma
180:
179:
36:Calloselasma
35:
29:
1674:iNaturalist
1597:Wikispecies
1504:iNaturalist
1450:Wikispecies
874:Campbell JA
851:19 November
702:and on the
698:, northern
626:Description
598:, which is
519:Angel, 1933
495:Ancistrodon
379:rhodostomus
342:Gravenhorst
289:Ancistrodon
245:Agkistrodon
166:Subfamily:
1798:Crotalinae
1787:Categories
1757:rhodostoma
941:3 November
916:3 November
888:(series).
807:References
706:island of
704:Indonesian
620:subspecies
524:annamensis
503:rhodostoma
417:rhodostoma
396:rhodostoma
366:rhodostoma
325:rhodostoma
314:rhodostoma
170:Crotalinae
146:Suborder:
1441:Q13583152
1378:0906-7590
1358:Ecography
1341:0041-0101
1304:0041-0101
1266:0003-9861
1054:0026-4075
896:(volume).
772:snakebite
756:oviparous
678:Found in
636:West Java
587:pit viper
580:monotypic
475:Boulenger
413:Tisiphone
402:W. Peters
355:Fitzinger
278:Leiolepis
271:Fitzinger
267:Tisiphone
195:Species:
160:Viperidae
150:Serpentes
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
1765:Species+
1692:11383321
1624:BioLib:
1582:Wikidata
1435:Wikidata
1312:14602119
1122:Kuhl, H.
1092:11743889
1062:15916307
768:Malaysia
740:farmland
688:Cambodia
684:Thailand
612:Malaysia
608:Thailand
528:–
506:–
486:–
473:–
462:Boettger
460:–
447:–
434:–
421:–
400:–
383:–
370:–
353:–
329:–
236:Synonyms
156:Family:
140:Squamata
130:Reptilia
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
1666:2443815
1522:1310584
1496:2443814
1396:at the
1349:3775783
1321:Toxicon
1284:Toxicon
1274:8080286
1237:8373353
1228:1134466
1192:3706625
1161:3538922
789:thrombi
744:forests
720:Sumatra
716:Myanmar
696:Vietnam
600:endemic
590:species
508:Bourret
488:Barbour
436:GĂĽnther
331:F. Boie
229:, 1824)
176:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
1718:192168
1705:634882
1653:795496
1627:731132
1588:Q69909
1561:705293
1535:209552
1376:
1347:
1339:
1310:
1302:
1272:
1264:
1235:
1225:
1190:
1159:
1124:1824.
1090:
1060:
1052:
1012:
982:1896.
966:
892:
884:
801:stroke
736:bamboo
724:Borneo
710:. The
532:, 1935
510:, 1927
490:, 1912
477:, 1896
464:, 1892
451:, 1875
449:Morice
438:, 1864
425:, 1863
404:, 1862
387:, 1860
374:, 1853
357:, 1843
344:, 1832
333:, 1827
320:, 1824
306:, 1860
295:, 1854
284:, 1853
273:, 1843
262:, 1822
251:, 1799
189:, 1860
1744:97758
1687:IRMNG
1679:30825
1517:IRMNG
1509:30824
1483:35729
762:Venom
680:Nepal
618:. No
606:from
583:genus
578:is a
293:Baird
1770:3576
1731:8717
1726:NCBI
1713:IUCN
1700:ITIS
1661:GBIF
1640:PW68
1548:8774
1543:NCBI
1530:ITIS
1491:GBIF
1470:3FQ8
1374:ISSN
1345:PMID
1337:ISSN
1308:PMID
1300:ISSN
1270:PMID
1262:ISSN
1233:PMID
1188:PMID
1157:PMID
1088:PMID
1058:PMID
1050:ISSN
1010:ISBN
964:ISBN
943:2006
918:2006
890:ISBN
882:ISBN
853:2021
836:2012
799:and
708:Java
692:Laos
616:Java
530:Pope
385:Cope
318:Kuhl
304:Cope
260:Kuhl
227:Kuhl
187:Cope
1648:EoL
1635:CoL
1612:ADW
1478:EoL
1465:CoL
1366:doi
1329:doi
1292:doi
1254:doi
1250:313
1223:PMC
1215:doi
1211:294
1180:doi
1149:doi
1040:doi
1036:170
840:doi
602:to
423:Jan
411:. (
1789::
1767::
1754::
1752:RD
1741::
1728::
1715::
1702::
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1362:21
1360:.
1343:.
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1325:24
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1288:42
1286:.
1268:.
1260:.
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1176:35
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1155:.
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1082:.
1070:^
1056:.
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995:^
951:^
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909:.
861:^
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1016:.
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855:.
842::
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569:.
497:(
409:T
392:T
362:L
225:(
75:)
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