130:
InChI=1S/C56H88N12O20/c1-25(2)17-13-11-12-14-19-35(69)62-40(29(8)54(83)84)50(79)66-42-31(10)59-47(76)34-21-28(7)24-68(34)53(82)39(27(5)6)65-49(78)41(30(9)55(85)86)63-36(70)23-58-45(74)33(22-37(71)72)61-52(81)43(44(73)56(87)88)67-46(75)32(18-15-16-20-57)60-48(77)38(26(3)4)64-51(42)80/h11-12,14,19,25-34,38-44,73H,13,15-18,20-24,57H2,1-10H3,(H,58,74)(H,59,76)(H,60,77)(H,61,81)(H,62,69)(H,63,70)(H,64,80)(H,65,78)(H,66,79)(H,67,75)(H,71,72)(H,83,84)(H,85,86)(H,87,88)/b12-11-,19-14+/t28-,29?,30?,31?,32+,33+,34-,38-,39+,40+,41-,42+,43+,44?/m0/s1
55:
531:
4210:
4198:
24:
449:
366:
to confirm that these genes were indeed likely to be the kind of BGCs they sought. One of the novel BGCs they found was present in around 19% of the screened soil samples but not readily found in cultured microbial collections, so they took that BGC, put it into other host bacteria, and then isolated
388:
As of
February 2018, the malacidins had not been tested on humans. At the time of their discovery it was unknown whether the discovery would lead to any new antibiotic drugs; showing that a potential drug is safe and effective takes years of work and millions of dollars, and the scientists said
345:
variations in lab conditions. Instead, the team used a genetics approach that was more scalable. They focused on searching for novel biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) – genes that are usually expressed together, that bacteria use to make secondary metabolites. To do this, they extracted DNA from
324:
precursor molecule, leading to destruction of the cell wall and death of the bacteria. Therefore, they would be a new member of the class of calcium-dependent antibiotics. The discovery of malacidins supported the view that the calcium-dependent antibiotics are a larger class than previously
411:
Brady, Hover, and two other authors disclosed in the 2018 paper that they had "competing financial interests, as they are employees or consultants of Lodo
Therapeutics." Lodo was founded in 2016 out of Brady's laboratory, to discover new chemicals in nature as
255:
The malacidin family were discovered using a new method of soil microbiome screening that does not require cell culturing. This allowed researchers to identify genetic components necessary to produce the chemical. Malacidin A was shown to kill
763:
1615:
544:
Borman S (February 19, 2018). "Genetic screen of soil microbes uncovers novel antibiotics: Method could help researchers discover new natural products from hard-to-culture microorganisms".
2629:
756:
2910:
749:
381:
The approach of screening the soil for useful compounds using genomics has been done by others, and is likely to continue to be pursued as a method to further explore
571:
389:
at the time that they had no plans to try to develop a drug based on the work. In the 2018 paper, malacidins were shown to kill only Gram-positive bacteria and not
3862:
1608:
151:
CC(NC(1C(CN1C((NC((NC(CNC((NC((NC((NC((N2)C(C)C)=O)CCCCN)=O)C(C(O)=O)O)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)=O)C(C)C(O)=O)=O)C(C)C)=O)C)=O)(NC((NC(/C=C/C=C\CCC(C)C)=O)C(C)C(O)=O)=O)C2=O
143:
402:
1601:
490:"Culture-independent discovery of the malacidins as calcium-dependent antibiotics with activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens"
3806:
2903:
2854:
1559:
488:
Hover BM, Kim SH, Katz M, Charlop-Powers Z, Owen JG, Ternei MA, Maniko J, Estrela AB, Molina H, Park S, Perlin DS, Brady SF (February 2018).
3017:
3855:
316:
Malacidins appear to take on their active conformation after they bind to calcium; the calcium-bound molecule then appears to bind to
632:
2962:
121:
2896:
741:
4230:
1776:
1716:
1705:
687:
2773:
604:
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3253:
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4188:
225:
3742:
1825:
3823:
2871:
2684:
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1731:
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drugs, because large investments of time and money are required to determine whether any drug is safe and effective.
351:
1593:
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1736:
1508:
355:
4245:
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1632:
1027:
394:
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2859:
2674:
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1741:
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530:
4144:
3695:
3167:
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3106:
3064:
3027:
3012:
2923:
2698:
2649:
2639:
910:
390:
334:
245:
4240:
4235:
3090:
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2679:
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1264:
1168:
819:
258:
3584:
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3313:
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1217:
241:
3439:
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2435:
846:
576:
369:
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libraries that captured the genetic diversity of the environmental microbiome. They then designed
3213:
3690:
3162:
382:
29:
2946:
2189:
1895:
1670:
1488:
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609:
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1536:
1480:
1108:
509:
501:
166:
605:"In soil-dwelling bacteria, scientists find a new weapon to fight drug-resistant superbugs"
337:, led by Brad Hover and Sean Brady. The group had been looking into antibiotics related to
3331:
3157:
2565:
2009:
1836:
1527:
1522:
1234:
1103:
1098:
285:
82:
75:
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1570:
1387:
1317:
1302:
1063:
948:
936:
814:
732:
514:
489:
413:
359:
284:. The 2018 paper described two chemicals in the malacidin family, differing only by a
219:
107:
4224:
4159:
4139:
4088:
4016:
3996:
3672:
3622:
3612:
3570:
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3284:
3208:
3177:
3096:
3082:
3070:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3035:
2990:
2759:
2618:
2427:
2394:
2259:
2233:
2166:
2078:
2061:
1973:
1967:
1913:
1909:
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1532:
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1372:
1362:
1357:
1322:
1307:
1244:
1239:
1163:
1128:
916:
265:
At the time of publication it was not certain if the discovery would lead to any new
4068:
4063:
3977:
3879:
3875:
3627:
3617:
3602:
3592:
3565:
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3000:
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1937:
1766:
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363:
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and their calcium-dependent nature, but determined that it would be impractical to
354:
to amplify genes likely to be similar to the BGC that make daptomycin by using a
4149:
4124:
4073:
4034:
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3925:
3915:
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1502:
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1332:
1249:
1136:
1113:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1048:
892:
863:
430:
425:
281:
266:
4197:
4154:
4119:
4114:
4104:
4054:
4044:
4006:
4001:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3905:
3750:
3676:
3663:
3652:
3597:
3454:
3449:
3421:
3354:
3324:
3172:
2985:
2940:
2828:
2823:
2791:
2767:
2738:
2716:
2582:
2555:
2505:
2486:
2417:
2407:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2334:
2329:
2277:
2248:
2214:
2204:
2184:
2141:
2111:
2106:
2096:
2065:
1991:
1963:
1942:
1918:
1859:
1850:
1691:
1498:
1458:
1453:
1402:
1382:
1367:
1342:
1297:
1292:
1226:
1197:
1177:
997:
992:
983:
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963:
958:
906:
858:
772:
505:
398:
338:
278:
200:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4109:
4078:
4029:
3987:
3945:
3900:
3770:
3765:
3755:
3737:
3411:
3379:
3349:
3299:
3152:
3075:
2835:
2721:
2572:
2550:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2491:
2481:
2412:
2383:
2374:
2344:
2299:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2199:
2179:
2151:
2126:
2116:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2023:
2013:
2004:
1885:
1806:
1801:
1628:
1327:
1287:
1274:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1013:
968:
931:
926:
897:
887:
877:
321:
655:
523:
725:
4169:
4039:
4024:
3953:
3416:
3203:
2980:
2811:
2402:
2378:
2364:
2339:
2294:
2267:
2228:
2174:
2029:
2018:
1412:
882:
853:
317:
2715:
Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization:
3968:
3289:
1397:
293:
249:
94:
23:
2561:
2057:
1494:
218:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2546:
1995:
1695:
367:
and analyzed the secondary metabolites. The work was published in
289:
66:
54:
44:
3844:
2892:
1597:
745:
729:
3727:
1154:
805:
660:
572:"A potentially powerful new antibiotic is discovered in dirt"
300:. The name "malacidin" is derived from the abbreviation of
4186:
2630:
Benzathine benzylpenicillin/procaine benzylpenicillin
252:. The discovery of malacidins was published in 2018.
4097:
4053:
4015:
3986:
3967:
3944:
3887:
3779:
3736:
3726:
3703:
3689:
3661:
3640:
3583:
3511:
3463:
3397:
3388:
3340:
3312:
3277:
3246:
3196:
3133:
3105:
3026:
3011:
2961:
2939:
2801:
2751:
2730:
2706:
2697:
2597:
2537:
2504:
2472:
2454:
2426:
2393:
2258:
2165:
2077:
2056:
1990:
1956:
1927:
1894:
1835:
1824:
1775:
1715:
1704:
1690:
1648:
1467:
1439:
1411:
1273:
1262:
1225:
1216:
1162:
1153:
1127:
1041:
1026:
1006:
945:
828:
813:
804:
454:
385:and secondary metabolites made by microorganisms.
408:(MRSA) skin infections in an animal wound model.
106:
633:"Soil search unearths new class of antibiotics"
3856:
2904:
1609:
757:
688:"Scientists Unearth Hope for New Antibiotics"
483:
333:Malacidins were discovered by researchers at
8:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
248:. Their activity appears to be dependent on
397:pathogens, including bacteria resistant to
3863:
3849:
3841:
3733:
3700:
3394:
3337:
3023:
2958:
2911:
2897:
2889:
2703:
2074:
1832:
1712:
1701:
1687:
1616:
1602:
1594:
1270:
1222:
1159:
1038:
825:
810:
764:
750:
742:
726:
656:"New antibiotic family discovered in dirt"
15:
2737:Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking:
598:
596:
594:
513:
302:metagenomic acidic lipopeptide antibiotic
565:
563:
561:
559:
4193:
441:
148:
126:
681:
679:
650:
648:
646:
81:
74:
7:
393:. They were, however, able to kill
362:the amplified genes, and then used
346:around 2,000 soil samples to build
97:
414:starting points for drug discovery
262:and other Gram-positive bacteria.
14:
2762:subunit synthesis and transport:
4208:
4196:
529:
184:
178:
22:
717:Chemical & Engineering News
546:Chemical & Engineering News
222:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2660:Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
1265:transpeptidation/translocation
711:Jarvis LM (October 31, 2016).
570:Kaplan S (February 13, 2018).
450:"Chemical Identifier Resolver"
190:
172:
1:
3254:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
298:non-proteinogenic amino acids
686:Hotz RL (12 February 2018).
603:Healy M (13 February 2018).
456:. National Cancer Institute.
244:found in soil that can kill
3259:Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine
2685:Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
2605:Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
1742:Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)
1732:Benzathine benzylpenicillin
631:King A (14 February 2018).
4262:
242:chemicals made by bacteria
3801:
3269:Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine
2849:
2610:Ampicillin/flucloxacillin
1737:Procaine benzylpenicillin
1554:
1509:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
777:inhibit protein synthesis
739:
506:10.1038/s41564-018-0110-1
356:polymerase chain reaction
216:
159:
139:
117:
36:
21:
1028:Tetracycline antibiotics
2675:Piperacillin/tazobactam
2635:Cefepime/enmetazobactam
401:in the laboratory, and
4231:Antimicrobial peptides
3168:Sulfamethoxypyridazine
2766:synthesis inhibition (
2650:Ceftolozane/tazobactam
2640:Cefoperazone/sulbactam
2539:β-lactamase inhibitors
403:methicillin-resistant
391:Gram-negative bacteria
335:Rockefeller University
246:Gram-positive bacteria
3641:Newer non-fluorinated
3278:Other DHPS inhibitors
3264:Pyrimethamine/dapsone
3091:Succinylsulfathiazole
3087:Phthalylsulfathiazole
2971:2,4-Diaminopyrimidine
2680:Sulbactam/durlobactam
2665:Meropenem/vaborbactam
2645:Ceftazidime/avibactam
1777:β-lactamase resistant
1717:β-lactamase sensitive
405:Staphylococcus aureus
259:Staphylococcus aureus
4098:Other antibacterials
3065:Acetyl sulfisoxazole
2924:inhibit nucleic acid
2670:Panipenem/betamipron
2615:Ampicillin/sulbactam
1727:Benzylpenicillin (G)
1661:cell wall by binding
1218:Peptidyl transferase
3440:Alalevonadifloxacin
3107:Intermediate-acting
2655:Imipenem/cilastatin
2625:Aztreonam/avibactam
2436:Ceftaroline fosamil
847:Dihydrostreptomycin
713:"Lodo Therapeutics"
692:Wall Street Journal
577:The Washington Post
494:Nature Microbiology
395:multidrug-resistant
383:primary metabolites
377:Research directions
370:Nature Microbiology
312:Mechanism of action
296:cores include four
212: g·mol
18:
3828:Never to phase III
3329:thereby inhibiting
3317:(inhibit bacterial
3163:Sulfametoxydiazine
2951:thereby inhibiting
2944:(inhibit bacterial
2876:Never to phase III
2808:Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
1896:Carboxypenicillins
1659:layer of bacterial
1655:(inhibit synthesis
1581:Never to phase III
664:. 13 February 2018
373:in February 2018.
352:degenerate primers
273:Chemical structure
226:Infobox references
30:Structural formula
16:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4177:
3893:Lipoglycopeptides
3838:
3837:
3797:
3796:
3722:
3721:
3685:
3684:
3636:
3635:
3308:
3307:
3242:
3241:
2947:purine metabolism
2886:
2885:
2747:
2746:
2693:
2692:
2500:
2499:
2282:Antipseudomonal (
2190:Cefuroxime axetil
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1929:Ureidopenicillins
1820:
1819:
1684:
1677:
1673:
1663:to and inhibiting
1591:
1590:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1258:
1257:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1054:Chlortetracycline
1022:
1021:
610:Los Angeles Times
358:(PCR) procedure,
234:Chemical compound
232:
231:
56:Interactive image
4253:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4201:
4200:
4192:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3842:
3734:
3701:
3436:Levonadifloxacin
3395:
3390:Fluoroquinolones
3338:
3143:Sulfadimethoxine
3115:Sulfamethoxazole
3036:Sulfaisodimidine
3024:
2959:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2704:
2075:
1931:(4th generation)
1898:(4th generation)
1839:(3rd generation)
1837:Aminopenicillins
1833:
1780:(2nd generation)
1720:(1st generation)
1713:
1702:
1688:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1657:of peptidoglycan
1653:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1271:
1223:
1160:
1109:Rolitetracycline
1039:
826:
811:
766:
759:
752:
743:
727:
721:
720:
708:
702:
701:
699:
698:
683:
674:
673:
671:
669:
652:
641:
640:
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
600:
589:
588:
586:
584:
567:
554:
553:
541:
535:
534:
533:
527:
517:
485:
458:
457:
446:
211:
209:
192:
186:
180:
174:
167:Chemical formula
110:
99:
85:
78:
58:
26:
19:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4246:Cyclic peptides
4221:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4195:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4093:
4049:
4011:
3982:
3963:
3940:
3891:
3883:
3869:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3818:Clinical trials
3793:
3775:
3741:
3718:
3694:
3681:
3657:
3632:
3579:
3507:
3459:
3384:
3332:DNA replication
3330:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3304:
3273:
3238:
3197:Other/ungrouped
3192:
3158:Sulfametomidine
3129:
3101:
3015:
3007:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2917:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2866:Clinical trials
2845:
2797:
2743:
2726:
2689:
2593:
2566:Clavulanic acid
2533:
2496:
2468:
2450:
2422:
2389:
2254:
2161:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2010:Antipseudomonal
1978:
1952:
1923:
1890:
1827:
1816:
1779:
1771:
1719:
1707:
1680:transpeptidases
1679:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1622:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1571:Clinical trials
1542:
1528:Streptogramin B
1523:Streptogramin A
1463:
1435:
1407:
1254:
1235:Chloramphenicol
1212:
1166:
1141:
1123:
1104:Penimepicycline
1099:Oxytetracycline
1030:
1018:
1002:
941:
817:
815:Aminoglycosides
800:
770:
735:
724:
710:
709:
705:
696:
694:
685:
684:
677:
667:
665:
654:
653:
644:
637:Chemistry World
630:
629:
625:
615:
613:
602:
601:
592:
582:
580:
569:
568:
557:
543:
542:
538:
528:
487:
486:
461:
448:
447:
443:
439:
422:
379:
331:
314:
304:and the suffix
277:Malacidins are
275:
240:are a class of
235:
228:
223:
207:
205:
195:
189:
183:
177:
169:
155:
152:
147:
146:
135:
132:
131:
125:
124:
113:
100:
88:
61:
48:
32:
27:
12:
11:
5:
4259:
4257:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4205:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4084:Nitrofurantoin
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4017:Pleuromutilins
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3971:antibacterials
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3872:Antibacterials
3870:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3743:RNA polymerase
3731:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3705:Nitroimidazole
3698:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3673:Aminocoumarins
3669:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3575:Alatrofloxacin
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3513:4th generation
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3465:3rd generation
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3399:2nd generation
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3375:Piromidic acid
3372:
3370:Pipemidic acid
3367:
3362:
3360:Nalidixic acid
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3342:1st generation
3335:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3224:Sulfaguanidine
3221:
3219:Sulfadicramide
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:Sulfaphenazole
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3043:
3041:Sulfamethizole
3038:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3018:DHPS inhibitor
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2967:
2965:
2963:DHFR inhibitor
2956:
2937:
2936:
2920:Antibacterials
2918:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2771:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2571:non-β-lactam (
2569:
2559:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2428:5th generation
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2395:4th generation
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2260:3rd generation
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2167:2nd generation
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2079:1st generation
2072:
2062:Cephalosporins
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1796:Flucloxacillin
1793:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1699:
1685:
1646:
1645:
1627:active on the
1625:Antibacterials
1623:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1506:
1492:
1473:
1471:
1469:Streptogramins
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1388:Troleandomycin
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1318:Flurithromycin
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:Clarithromycin
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1129:Glycylcyclines
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:Demeclocycline
1061:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
989:
988:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
955:
953:
949:Micromonospora
943:
942:
940:
939:
937:Nourseothricin
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
903:
902:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
874:
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
850:
849:
844:
838:
836:
823:
808:
802:
801:
773:Antibacterials
771:
769:
768:
761:
754:
746:
740:
737:
736:
733:antibacterials
730:
723:
722:
703:
675:
642:
623:
590:
555:
536:
500:(4): 415–422.
459:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
421:
418:
378:
375:
330:
327:
320:, a bacterial
313:
310:
274:
271:
233:
230:
229:
224:
220:standard state
217:
214:
213:
203:
197:
196:
193:
187:
181:
175:
170:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
154:
153:
150:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
134:
133:
129:
128:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
112:
111:
103:
101:
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:
79:
71:
69:
63:
62:
60:
59:
51:
49:
42:
39:
38:
34:
33:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4258:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Spectinomycin
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Mandelic acid
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4089:Nitrofurazone
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Metronidazole
3995:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:Glycopeptides
3886:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Pradofloxacin
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:Marbofloxacin
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3571:Trovafloxacin
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Prulifloxacin
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Clinafloxacin
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Grepafloxacin
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Ciprofloxacin
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Oxolinic acid
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3320:topoisomerase
3315:
3311:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Acediasulfone
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Sulfacetamide
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:Sulfamerazine
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:Sulfathiourea
3095:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:Sulfathiazole
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:Sulfanilamide
3069:
3066:
3062:
3061:Sulfafurazole
3059:
3056:
3055:Sulfasalazine
3052:
3051:Sulfapyridine
3049:
3047:
3046:Sulfadimidine
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Pyrimethamine
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:Intracellular
2750:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:Sultamicillin
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
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2392:
2385:
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2376:
2373:
2371:
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2363:
2361:
2358:
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2351:
2348:
2346:
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2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
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2328:
2326:
2323:
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2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
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2290:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Cefbuperazone
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:Carbapenems (
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1975:
1974:Sulbenicillin
1972:
1969:
1968:Pivmecillinam
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Carindacillin
1911:
1910:Carbenicillin
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:Talampicillin
1878:
1876:
1875:Metampicillin
1873:
1871:
1870:Lenampicillin
1868:
1866:
1865:Bacampicillin
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Pivampicillin
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Dicloxacillin
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Clometocillin
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:Pheneticillin
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
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1700:
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1686:
1681:
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1647:
1642:
1638:
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1619:
1614:
1612:
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1600:
1599:
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1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1533:Virginiamycin
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Pristinamycin
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1431:Solithromycin
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:Telithromycin
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Tulathromycin
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:Telithromycin
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Solithromycin
1361:
1359:
1358:Roxithromycin
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Gamithromycin
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Dirithromycin
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Thiamphenicol
1243:
1241:
1240:Azidamfenicol
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1164:Oxazolidinone
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:Tetracyclines
1040:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
960:
957:
956:
954:
951:
950:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
917:Spectinomycin
915:
912:
908:
905:
904:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
875:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
837:
834:
833:
827:
824:
821:
816:
812:
809:
807:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
762:
760:
755:
753:
748:
747:
744:
738:
734:
728:
718:
714:
707:
704:
693:
689:
682:
680:
676:
663:
662:
657:
651:
649:
647:
643:
638:
634:
627:
624:
612:
611:
606:
599:
597:
595:
591:
579:
578:
573:
566:
564:
562:
560:
556:
551:
547:
540:
537:
532:
525:
521:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
460:
455:
451:
445:
442:
436:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
419:
417:
415:
409:
407:
406:
400:
396:
392:
386:
384:
376:
374:
372:
371:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
340:
336:
328:
326:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:tails. Their
291:
287:
283:
280:
272:
270:
268:
263:
261:
260:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
227:
221:
215:
204:
202:
199:
198:
171:
168:
164:
163:
158:
149:
145:
138:
127:
123:
116:
109:
105:
104:
102:
96:
92:
91:
84:
80:
77:
73:
72:
70:
68:
65:
64:
57:
53:
52:
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
31:
25:
20:
4241:Soil biology
4236:Lipopeptides
4069:Nifuroxazide
4064:Furazolidone
3978:Fusidic acid
3781:Lipiarmycins
3628:Sarafloxacin
3618:Orbifloxacin
3603:Enrofloxacin
3593:Danofloxacin
3566:Sitafloxacin
3546:Moxifloxacin
3541:Gemifloxacin
3536:Finafloxacin
3531:Gatifloxacin
3526:Delafloxacin
3521:Besifloxacin
3503:Tosufloxacin
3498:Temafloxacin
3493:Sparfloxacin
3488:Pazufloxacin
3478:Balofloxacin
3473:Levofloxacin
3432:Nadifloxacin
3427:Lomefloxacin
3247:Combinations
3229:Sulfametrole
3214:Sulfaclozine
3120:Sulfadiazine
3028:Short-acting
3013:Sulfonamides
3001:Trimethoprim
2790:inhibitors (
2780:inhibitors (
2708:Lipopeptides
2699:Polypeptides
2598:Combinations
2529:Nocardicin A
2446:Ceftobiprole
2289:Cefoperazone
2147:Cefaloridine
2132:Cefaloglycin
2070:Carbacephems
1938:Piperacillin
1767:Penamecillin
1668:, a group of
1517:Quinupristin
1513:Dalfopristin
1441:Lincosamides
1378:Tildipirosin
1348:Oleandomycin
1313:Erythromycin
1283:Azithromycin
1119:Tetracycline
1094:Omadacycline
1079:Meclocycline
1069:Eravacycline
1059:Clomocycline
974:Micronomicin
947:
922:Hygromycin B
911:+loteprednol
869:Ribostamycin
842:Streptomycin
832:Streptomyces
830:
716:
706:
695:. Retrieved
691:
666:. Retrieved
659:
636:
626:
614:. Retrieved
608:
583:February 13,
581:. Retrieved
575:
549:
545:
539:
497:
493:
453:
444:
410:
404:
387:
380:
368:
364:metagenomics
332:
315:
305:
301:
282:lipopeptides
276:
264:
257:
254:
237:
236:
83:CHEBI:140174
76:CHEBI:140173
37:Identifiers
4150:Nitroxoline
4145:Methenamine
4125:Furaltadone
4074:Nifurtoinol
4057:derivatives
4035:Retapamulin
3990:derivatives
3959:Polymyxin B
3926:Teicoplanin
3916:Oritavancin
3911:Dalbavancin
3814:from market
3789:Fidaxomicin
3761:Rifapentine
3714:Secnidazole
3707:derivatives
3648:Nemonoxacin
3608:Ibafloxacin
3556:Garenoxacin
3445:Norfloxacin
3295:Solasulfone
3234:Sulfanitran
3188:Sulfamazone
3148:Sulfadoxine
3135:Long-acting
3125:Sulfamoxole
2996:Tetroxoprim
2976:Brodimoprim
2953:DNA and RNA
2941:Antifolates
2862:from market
2841:Teixobactin
2819:Tyrothricin
2788:bactoprenol
2782:Cycloserine
2588:Vaborbactam
2578:Durlobactam
2506:Monobactams
2464:Cefiderocol
2456:Siderophore
2441:Ceftolozane
2355:Cefpimizole
2325:Cefpodoxime
2320:Cefpiramide
2315:Cefmenoxime
2310:Ceftizoxime
2305:Cefdaloxime
2284:Ceftazidime
2273:Ceftriaxone
2245:Carbacephem
2239:Cefmetazole
2195:Cefamandole
2157:Cefatrizine
2137:Cefacetrile
2122:Cefroxadine
2066:Cephamycins
1992:Carbapenems
1948:Mezlocillin
1905:Ticarcillin
1846:Amoxicillin
1812:Methicillin
1787:Cloxacillin
1757:Azidocillin
1747:Propicillin
1692:Penicillins
1567:from market
1503:Linopristin
1449:Clindamycin
1426:Cethromycin
1353:Rokitamycin
1338:Midecamycin
1333:Kitasamycin
1250:Florfenicol
1227:Amphenicols
1171:inhibitors)
1137:Tigecycline
1114:Sarecycline
1089:Minocycline
1084:Metacycline
1074:Lymecycline
1049:Doxycycline
893:Bekanamycin
864:Paromomycin
822:inhibitors)
668:13 February
616:13 February
431:Friulimicin
426:Teixobactin
348:metagenomic
160:Properties
4225:Categories
4155:Novobiocin
4120:Fosfomycin
4115:Daptomycin
4105:Bacitracin
4055:Nitrofuran
4045:Valnemulin
4007:Tinidazole
4002:Ornidazole
3946:Polymyxins
3936:Vancomycin
3931:Telavancin
3921:Ristocetin
3906:Corbomycin
3874:: others (
3751:Rifampicin
3738:Rifamycins
3696:inhibitors
3677:Novobiocin
3653:Ozenoxacin
3598:Difloxacin
3585:Veterinary
3455:Rufloxacin
3450:Pefloxacin
3422:Fleroxacin
3355:Flumequine
3325:DNA gyrase
3314:Quinolones
3173:Sulfaperin
2986:Ormetoprim
2955:synthesis)
2829:Tyrocidine
2824:Gramicidin
2792:Bacitracin
2768:Fosfomycin
2739:Ramoplanin
2717:Daptomycin
2583:Relebactam
2556:Tazobactam
2487:Cefquinome
2474:Veterinary
2418:Cefquinome
2408:Cefozopran
2370:Ceftiolene
2360:Cefsulodin
2350:Cefodizime
2335:Cefditoren
2330:Ceftibuten
2278:Cefotaxime
2249:Loracarbef
2215:Cephamycin
2205:Ceforanide
2185:Cefuroxime
2142:Cefalonium
2112:Cefazaflur
2107:Cefazedone
2097:Cefadroxil
1964:Mecillinam
1943:Azlocillin
1919:Temocillin
1860:Hetacillin
1851:Ampicillin
1499:Flopristin
1459:Pirlimycin
1454:Lincomycin
1403:Tylvalosin
1383:Tilmicosin
1368:Spiramycin
1343:Miocamycin
1298:Carrimycin
1293:Carbomycin
1275:Macrolides
1198:Ranbezolid
1178:Eperezolid
1169:initiation
998:Astromicin
993:Verdamicin
984:Isepamicin
979:Plazomicin
964:Netilmicin
959:Gentamicin
907:Tobramycin
859:Framycetin
820:initiation
697:2018-02-18
437:References
399:vancomycin
339:daptomycin
279:macrocycle
267:antibiotic
238:Malacidins
201:Molar mass
43:3D model (
17:Malacidin
4215:Chemistry
4165:Tedizolid
4135:Linezolid
4130:Lefamulin
4110:Clofoctol
4079:Nifurzide
4030:Lefamulin
3988:Imidazole
3901:Avoparcin
3824:Phase III
3812:Withdrawn
3771:Rifalazil
3766:Rifaximin
3756:Rifabutin
3730:synthesis
3691:Anaerobic
3662:Related (
3412:Ofloxacin
3380:Rosoxacin
3350:Cinoxacin
3300:Sulfoxone
3153:Sulfalene
3076:Prontosil
2872:Phase III
2860:Withdrawn
2836:Isoniazid
2722:Surfactin
2573:Avibactam
2551:Sulbactam
2524:Carumonam
2519:Tigemonam
2514:Aztreonam
2492:Cefovecin
2482:Ceftiofur
2413:Cefpirome
2384:Latamoxef
2375:Oxacephem
2345:Cefetamet
2300:Cefcapene
2224:Cefotetan
2219:Cefoxitin
2210:Cefuzonam
2200:Cefonicid
2180:Cefprozil
2152:Cefalotin
2127:Ceftezole
2117:Cefradine
2102:Cefapirin
2092:Cefalexin
2087:Cefazolin
2047:Ritipenem
2042:Faropenem
2035:Panipenem
2024:Meropenem
2014:Doripenem
2005:Ertapenem
1886:Epicillin
1807:Nafcillin
1802:Oxacillin
1650:β-lactams
1629:cell wall
1577:Phase III
1565:Withdrawn
1413:Ketolides
1328:Josamycin
1288:Boromycin
1208:Tedizolid
1203:Sutezolid
1193:Radezolid
1188:Posizolid
1183:Linezolid
1014:Butirosin
969:Sisomicin
932:Apramycin
927:Totomycin
898:Dibekacin
888:Arbekacin
878:Kanamycin
731:Types of
360:sequenced
325:thought.
322:cell wall
288:at their
286:methylene
108:132274667
4170:Xibornol
4040:Tiamulin
4025:Azamulin
3954:Colistin
3417:Enoxacin
3204:Mafenide
2981:Iclaprim
2812:lysozyme
2758:Inhibit
2403:Cefepime
2379:Flomoxef
2365:Cefteram
2340:Cefotiam
2295:Cefdinir
2268:Cefixime
2229:Cefminox
2175:Cefaclor
2040:Penems (
2030:Biapenem
2019:Imipenem
1828:spectrum
1826:Extended
1708:spectrum
1678:-alanine
1674:-alanyl-
1633:envelope
1035:binding)
946:-micin (
883:Amikacin
854:Neomycin
829:-mycin (
524:29434326
420:See also
318:lipid II
4203:Biology
4189:Portals
3969:Steroid
3323:and/or
3290:Dapsone
2058:Cephems
1398:Tylosin
552:(8): 6.
515:5874163
343:culture
329:History
294:peptide
250:calcium
95:PubChem
3807:WHO-EM
2855:WHO-EM
2562:Clavam
1996:Penems
1706:Narrow
1696:Penams
1560:WHO-EM
1495:NXL103
797:QJ01XQ
522:
512:
306:-cidin
144:SMILES
3880:D06AX
2922:that
2802:Other
2774:DADAL
2731:Other
2547:Penam
1957:Other
1263:MLS (
1007:other
775:that
290:lipid
122:InChI
67:ChEBI
45:JSmol
3876:J01X
2932:J01M
2928:J01E
1666:PBPs
1641:J01D
1637:J01C
1631:and
1033:tRNA
793:J01G
789:J01F
785:J01B
781:J01A
670:2018
618:2018
585:2018
520:PMID
210:.384
3728:RNA
3693:DNA
2764:NAM
1489:IIB
1485:IIA
1155:50S
806:30S
661:BBC
510:PMC
502:doi
208:249
98:CID
4227::
3878:,
3820::
3675::
3664:DG
3089:,
2930:,
2868::
2778:AR
2760:PG
1994:/
1912:/
1573::
1537:S1
1515:,
1501:,
1487:,
1483:,
1481:IA
795:,
791:,
787:,
783:,
715:.
690:.
678:^
658:.
645:^
635:.
607:.
593:^
574:.
558:^
550:96
548:.
518:.
508:.
496:.
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452:.
416:.
308:.
194:20
188:12
182:88
176:56
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3434:/
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3067:)
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3053:(
3020:)
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2934:)
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2590:)
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2386:)
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2012:(
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1966:(
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