339:, even though ‘Vattezhuthe’, an early form of Malayalam was in vogue. The present-day Malayalam script was formulated and used by Indo-Aryan settlers on the lines of Devnagari for the translation of their Epics to Malayalam after 12th century. Arthat Padiyola in copper plate (preserved at University Manuscript Library, Trivandrum), declaring the sovereignty of Malankara Church in 1806 was written in old Malayalam script. An early script, ‘Kharoshti’ (used in Ashoka edicts) that prevailed in northwestern India was also developed from eastern Syriac, which helped to decipher identical edicts written in India's original but defunct Prakrit languages. Even many documents related to 17th and 18th centuries also reveals the attachment of Nazranis to Eastern Syria. A memorandum by Malankara Nazranis to Pope against compulsive westernization during the 17th century states that, "All our prayers are written in the Chaldean Syriac of our Apostle father St. Thomas." A Jesuit priest Nunes Barutha of that period, states that: "Marthoma Christians don't not believe in any other teaching other than written in Eastern Syriac." In 1682, Bartholomew, a West Syrian Malpan from Aleppo was appointed in Verapoly seminary by Carmelites. But Malankara Nazranis strongly opposed the appointment to teach their students by a West Syrian teacher. Canon of Udayamperoor synod (page 79) specifically asked to discontinue the use of Eastern Syriac in liturgy and prayers for native Malayalam. Eastern Aramaic (Syriac) was widely used in Malankara up to the 17th century, and all borrowed words and names from Syriac to Malayalam are phonetically in Eastern Syriac. Later, Malankara Nazranis were almost adapted to Western Syriac and liturgy due to ecclesiastical support and long stay of many Antiochean prelates in the second half of 17th and 18th centuries.
348:
Malanakara viz. Mar Yacob (1503–49), Mar Joseph and Mar Elias (1556–69), Mar
Abraham (1568–97) and thereafter Mar Simeon. Most of them were detained by Portuguese under Goan Inquisition and sent to Bassein (Vasai), Lisbon or Rome for orientation in Latin language, tradition and liturgy. In 1601, Menezes consecrated Fr. Francis Roz as bishop of Ankamaly, which marked the beginning of Roman Catholic hierarchy in Malankara. In 1652, Mar Ahathalla, a prelate from East Syria reached Mylapore (most emotive place in India for every East Syriac in early times) and the news of his detention and torture by Portuguese, caused the great uprising of 1653 known as ‘Coonan (bend) Cross Oath’ in which Malankara Nazranes proclaimed that they or their descendants will not make any relation with Portuguese Padroado missionaries and elevated Parambil Thoma Arkidhyaquana as 'Metran (bishop)' by laying hands on him by 12 Priests.
220:
3836:
87:
3825:
1755:
841:
376:
churches were annexed to
Romanism. Kerala's long waterways helped the Portuguese soldiers to directly intervene in coastal churches, while geographically interior churches spared due to lack of roads at that time. They asked Kochi, Vadakkumkoor, Thekkumkoor and Ambalapuzha kings to put diktats to their Syrian subjects to join Catholicism.
324:
the time of Mar Ishu Yab-I/ II/ III (582-660) Halwan, Harat, Samarkhand, India and, China were created’. Mar Ishu Yab warned in his two letters to Mar
Shimyun, Metropolitan of Fars (Riwardisher), located in southern Persia that his independent stand will not hamper the ecclesiastical needs of the people of India. Ancient
372:(new tradition) and call themselves as ‘Pazhyakootukar’ (old traditionalists) to cover up their 54 years of new European relation. In fact, Latin rites introduced in Malankara by Menezes were much more strange and unfamiliar than West Syrian rites for Malabar Christians who were traditionally accustomed with Syrianism.
347:
Catholicosate shifted from
Selucia to Baghdad began to known as Patriarch) ministered from Ankamaly along with Arkidhyaquana. Cardinal Tisserent in his book ‘Eastern Christianity’ states that even after the arrival of Portuguese, Babylonian Primates, continued to send prelates and they ministered in
323:
Prelate, Bishop
Yohannan signed on behalf of the Churches of Persia and India at the first organized gathering of Christianity, the Synod of Nicea was held in 325 AD. The East Syriac Canonist Ibn Tayyib says ‘In the time of Catholicose Mar Ishaq (309-410) the Metropolitanates of Fars and Meru and in
230:
Adoption of West Syriac practice by the
Malankara Church was gradual; in the early days of its independence the church was more interested in reversing the changes the Portuguese had imposed upon the Malabar Rite than in adopting a new liturgy. Indeed, among its first steps were to restore the usage
262:
as Mar
Dionysius I and established a systematic church hierarchy. Amid visits by a church prelate in 1846 and the Patriarch himself in 1875, the church fully adopted West Syriac practice. Following the splits within the Malankara Church in the 19th century and its final breakup in the 20th century,
210:
to India in 1665, and the relationship between the Syriac
Orthodox and Malankara Church got re-established (in accordance to one faction of Indian Christians, who claims the establishment and succession of the throne of Saint. Thomas in India, from A.D 52 itself, this is seen as the birth of a new
351:
Meantime, the Jesuit missionaries
Latinised and formed Chaldean Catholic Church and restricted their old tradition to send bishops to Malankara. In light of such a circumstance, to get Apostolic Hand to the newly elevated bishop, the orthodox Churches like Antioch and Alexandria were contacted
263:
the churches that developed from it have retained the
Malankara Rite. Today the rite is essentially West Syriac in character with some local variations, which sometimes retain elements now archaic in the wider West Syriac tradition. For example, the Malankara Rite includes the observance of the
375:
Latin Catholicism failed to attract Malankara Nazranis, hence Portuguese had to resort to appeasement as well as to pressure tactics to bring Syrians into their fold. In the Coonan Cross Oath, almost the total strength of Syrians supported Arkidhyaquana, but within few decades, the majority of
299:
Before the arrival of West Syriac tradition, Malankara Nazranis were following East Syriac Tradition the influence of East Syriac tradition in liturgy and Malayalam language is evident. Words like Mar, Qurbana are of East Syriac tradition and the corresponding West Syriac words are Mor,
356:, via a Dutch ship, reaching Malankara in 1665. The Dutch who defeated Portuguese in 1663 for trade monopoly and the Malankara Church wanted to escape from the clutches of the Portuguese and caused to the arrival of many more contingent of Antiochene prelates, including
167:. However, a decline in communications between the Patriarchate of Antioch (which is the oldest and which claims Patrenal succession) and India led the Saint Thomas Christians to attempt to establish relations with other churches. As early as 1491, the
146:
Bishop of Jerusalem, who arrived in 1665. Historically, not wanting to accept the historical reality of Syrian migration, which happened in 345, under the leadership of Bishop Joseph and the trader Thomas of Canna, a group of Indian Christians in the
1016:
342:
At the outset of Latinisation, Nazranis were reluctant to accept Latin bishops. When Vasco-da-Gama arrived in Cochin in 1502, Metropolitan Mar Yahb Alla assisted by Mar Denha, Mar Yacob and Mar Yuhanon sent by Babylonian Patriarch (See of
328:(Persian) crosses found out many places with writings in Pahlavi language engraved on it, as seen at Kadamattom Orthodox church, Kottayam Knanaya church, Mylapore church are also pronounce their close relationship with Eastern Church.
255:, and prohibitions regarding the liturgy. Still, there was no systematized adoption of West Syriac practice for nearly one hundred years; in the meantime the church practiced a combination of West Syriac and Malabar Rite.
1009:
58:, one of the two churches that evolved from the split in the Saint Thomas Christian community in the 17th century. Today it is practiced by the various churches that descend from the Malankara Church, namely the
2512:
2349:
1002:
206:, Thomas sent requests to several churches including the Syriac Orthodox Church, the only church responded was the mother church. Syriac Orthodox Patriarch Ignatius Abdulmasih I responded by sending
2104:
3519:
171:
of Malabar sent envoys to the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch as part of an effort to receive a bishop for his bishopless province. In the end nothing came of the request, and the
2134:
3439:
2537:
1518:
726:
352:
through the Dutch East India Co. due to their vast mercantile connections in cities and ports. Antiochean Church was the first to respond, sending their Jerusalem Bishop,
3004:
1459:
1029:
1790:
3325:
211:
relation; they claim to be nourished by the Nestorian faith, but unfortunately now they follow the theology and Christology and liturgy of Syrian Orthodox Church).
368:
with a team of Metropolitans and priests. When Malankara Syrians began to accept Antiochean prelates, Roman faction got an opportunity to call Malankara people as
3717:
3504:
2507:
1844:
2387:
1073:
3056:
2799:
2337:
294:
2741:
3712:
2644:
194:(a priest from the Knanaya Christians), who gave courage to the Archdeacon, in vowing not to submit to Portuguese authority. This avowal, known as the
3539:
2457:
1104:
2052:
3624:
2718:
861:
719:
678:
3865:
1952:
1947:
3656:
3604:
2236:
1114:
1109:
658:
288:
3870:
3860:
3594:
3330:
1848:
1783:
1261:
395:
2119:
3634:
3464:
2372:
1058:
191:
3875:
3677:
3293:
2790:
2399:
2124:
1078:
866:
805:
712:
264:
219:
3276:
2878:
2525:
2359:
1810:
1045:
1025:
917:
820:
691:
632:
587:
75:
59:
3790:
3338:
3091:
3036:
2901:
2636:
2632:
2377:
2162:
2109:
1063:
892:
879:
830:
224:
67:
63:
3799:
3141:
3116:
3081:
3076:
3041:
2921:
2520:
2404:
1994:
1957:
1840:
1820:
1776:
1266:
1083:
902:
365:
3737:
3449:
3136:
3106:
3086:
3026:
2816:
2532:
2070:
2062:
1974:
1835:
1815:
1547:
94:
71:
364:(died on the 8th day of his arrival and considered as a saint, whose mortal remains are interred at Kothamangalam) and then
3111:
3101:
2427:
2298:
2196:
1893:
3692:
3663:
3646:
3554:
3166:
3131:
3121:
2699:
2680:
2542:
2293:
2206:
1368:
2452:
2320:
2189:
1131:
3702:
3619:
3417:
3071:
2723:
2689:
2648:
1402:
258:
Formal steps towards adoption of the West Syriac Rite came in 1772, when bishops visiting from Antioch consecrated
3809:
3755:
3426:
3376:
3066:
3021:
2129:
1680:
1053:
953:
810:
131:
of Antioch emerged as a fully distinct church, reaching its "classical" form in the 12th century under Patriarch
3839:
3775:
3697:
3668:
3288:
3283:
3161:
3061:
3046:
3031:
2873:
2694:
2584:
2502:
2326:
2303:
2254:
1927:
1687:
573:
562:
426:
3760:
3392:
3353:
3320:
2766:
2746:
2614:
2492:
2442:
2221:
2022:
1962:
1447:
912:
683:
390:
124:
3829:
3770:
3765:
3399:
3205:
3126:
3051:
2931:
2609:
2497:
2437:
2114:
2002:
1759:
1475:
994:
978:
973:
968:
928:
825:
800:
754:
353:
313:
244:
207:
143:
139:
128:
51:
47:
35:
3534:
3361:
2786:
2567:
2432:
2278:
1984:
1922:
1881:
1866:
2017:
2938:
2907:
2804:
2685:
2599:
2479:
2382:
2099:
2094:
1967:
1898:
1876:
1442:
1363:
1283:
1175:
1153:
1068:
747:
172:
3727:
3629:
3422:
3406:
2926:
2836:
2287:
2231:
2179:
2080:
2042:
1666:
1333:
815:
673:
309:
117:
3747:
3564:
2422:
2414:
2157:
1858:
1825:
735:
336:
332:
308:
are still used in Malankara churches. Churches that still have the east Syriac tradition are the
148:
132:
3707:
2943:
2268:
2148:
1915:
1871:
1735:
744:
687:
654:
628:
583:
195:
164:
3569:
3343:
3305:
3263:
3191:
3186:
3153:
2960:
2893:
2856:
2851:
2831:
2826:
2751:
2604:
2594:
2554:
2085:
1903:
1886:
1730:
1713:
1698:
1555:
1385:
1271:
1033:
963:
948:
770:
385:
344:
325:
320:
199:
179:
160:
121:
101:
86:
55:
28:
3804:
3687:
3544:
3509:
3315:
3310:
3235:
3230:
3171:
3096:
2846:
2776:
2308:
2249:
1799:
1708:
1623:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1523:
1513:
1434:
1298:
1213:
1195:
1170:
1037:
597:
236:
109:
105:
31:
275:. Since the 20th century, Syriac has largely been replaced as the liturgical language by
3722:
3651:
3499:
3434:
3220:
3210:
3181:
2861:
2756:
2640:
2619:
2153:
2032:
2007:
1979:
1910:
1725:
1605:
1575:
1560:
1503:
1493:
1326:
1099:
940:
361:
232:
187:
113:
3854:
3614:
3574:
3459:
3381:
3366:
3215:
3176:
2982:
2866:
2663:
2332:
2047:
1703:
1640:
1498:
1316:
1142:
958:
54:, in 1665; in the following decades the Malankara Rite emerged as the liturgy of the
24:
3589:
3524:
3454:
3444:
3371:
3271:
3240:
3016:
2965:
2733:
2675:
2572:
2343:
2260:
2216:
2211:
2201:
2012:
1939:
1628:
1600:
1530:
1470:
1424:
1419:
1407:
1126:
1121:
922:
697:
604:. In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.).
601:
305:
272:
259:
152:
90:
669:
622:
577:
3785:
3641:
3514:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3469:
2771:
2706:
2562:
2487:
2465:
2313:
2075:
2037:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1633:
1618:
1613:
1375:
1343:
1338:
1311:
1148:
790:
778:
751:
301:
3824:
1754:
3479:
3474:
3298:
3225:
2841:
2761:
2392:
1508:
1380:
1358:
1353:
1288:
1158:
840:
268:
252:
168:
3584:
3579:
3549:
3245:
3008:
2992:
2977:
2821:
2711:
2589:
2579:
2447:
2226:
1535:
276:
243:, while twenty years later, West Syriac prelates introduced the West Syriac
240:
183:
606:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition
3732:
3559:
2658:
2027:
1321:
1256:
1239:
1225:
1136:
357:
127:. The liturgy was further revised and expanded over the centuries as the
3529:
2809:
2367:
2241:
2184:
1392:
1348:
1276:
1219:
766:
758:
248:
3682:
2987:
2972:
2916:
2883:
1414:
1397:
1306:
1231:
1183:
704:
203:
156:
39:
138:
West Syriac liturgy was first introduced to India by the mission of
239:. Under the influence of Gregorios, the church adopted West Syriac
3780:
2948:
2912:
1768:
1201:
1189:
782:
774:
762:
218:
43:
2953:
2672:
1207:
1772:
998:
708:
182:
and the drowning of delegate from the Patriarchate of Antioch (
283:
Pre-1665 East Syriac heritage of Malankara Marthoma Nazrani
178:
In 1653, a group of Saint Thomas Christians disaffected by
108:, emerging in the 5th and 6th century with the adoption of
202:
with Thomas as its head. To affirm his consecration as
335:) to write Malayalam after making certain changes in
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
3746:
3603:
3416:
3352:
3262:
3152:
3003:
2892:
2785:
2732:
2657:
2628:
2553:
2478:
2413:
2358:
2277:
2172:
2147:
2061:
1993:
1938:
1857:
1834:
1679:
1593:
1546:
1486:
1469:
1458:
1433:
1297:
1249:
1169:
1092:
1044:
939:
901:
848:
789:
46:. West Syriac liturgy was brought to India by the
331:Malankara Nazranies also had evolved a script (
1784:
1010:
720:
506:
504:
502:
500:
413:
411:
8:
295:India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)
16:Form of the Syro-Antiochian liturgical rite
3713:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
2654:
2169:
1854:
1791:
1777:
1769:
1543:
1483:
1466:
1017:
1003:
995:
727:
713:
705:
441:
439:
1105:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
925:: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches
676:; Westerfield Tucker, Karen Beth (eds.).
579:The Church of the East: A Concise History
490:
488:
486:
484:
474:
472:
198:, led to the formation of an independent
445:
85:
862:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
679:The Oxford History of Christian Worship
407:
1115:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
1110:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
923:Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches
582:. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon.
546:
289:Indo-Persian ecclesiastical relations
34:practiced by several churches of the
7:
1262:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
247:and the Antiochene rules concerning
304:, etc. East Syriac words like Mar,
867:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
806:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
653:. Vol. 1. Gorgias Press LLC.
265:Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
223:A West Syriac Rite liturgy of the
192:Anjilimoottil Ittythomman Kathanar
14:
918:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
821:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
76:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
60:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church
3835:
3834:
3823:
3791:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
3339:Criticism of the Catholic Church
1753:
893:Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church
887:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
839:
831:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
651:The Rites of Eastern Christendom
68:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
64:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1958:First seven ecumenical councils
670:"The Ancient Oriental Churches"
624:Handbook for Liturgical Studies
396:Saint Thomas Christian churches
2533:Separation of church and state
576:; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003).
175:eventually sent a new bishop.
95:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
72:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
66:(Indian Orthodox Church), the
1:
3866:Eastern Christianity in India
621:Chupungco, Anscar J. (1997).
569:. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
433:. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
159:, practiced a variant of the
104:developed out of the ancient
1369:Divine Worship: Daily Office
668:Chaillot, Christine (2006).
563:"Christians of Saint Thomas"
427:"Christians of Saint Thomas"
3871:Oriental Orthodoxy in India
3861:Eastern Christian liturgies
3892:
3830:Catholic Church portal
1760:Catholic Church portal
1403:Divine Worship: The Missal
292:
286:
3876:Catholic liturgical rites
3818:
3756:Aid to the Church in Need
3377:Vatican Television Center
3022:Eastern Catholic Churches
1806:
1750:
1250:Other liturgical services
954:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
837:
811:Armenian Apostolic Church
742:
3698:Communion and Liberation
3162:Eastern Catholic liturgy
2327:Mystici Corporis Christi
2255:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1198:(first hour of daylight)
180:Portuguese colonial rule
93:being celebrated in the
2513:Philosophy of canon law
2443:Mariology of the saints
2023:Investiture Controversy
1448:Liturgical use of Latin
684:Oxford University Press
649:King, Archdale (2007).
567:Encyclopædia Britannica
466:Chupungco, p. 17; 22–23
431:Encyclopædia Britannica
391:Saint Thomas Christians
125:Patriarchate of Antioch
3766:Catholic Charities USA
3400:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
3388:Vatican Polyglot Press
2438:Mariology of the popes
2076:Protestant Reformation
1228:(Anglican Use Vespers)
979:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
974:Liturgy of Saint Basil
969:Liturgy of Saint James
929:Celtic Orthodox Church
826:Syriac Orthodox Church
801:Coptic Orthodox Church
354:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
314:Chaldean Syrian Church
245:Liturgy of Saint James
227:
225:Orthodox Syrian Church
208:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
140:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
129:Syriac Orthodox Church
97:
52:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
36:Saint Thomas Christian
3520:Good Shepherd Sisters
3362:Holy See Press Office
2600:Doctors of the Church
2433:Immaculate Conception
2388:Anointing of the Sick
1923:History of the papacy
1299:Liturgical literature
1234:(West Syriac Vespers)
1093:Eucharistic liturgies
1074:Anointing of the Sick
293:Further information:
271:and on the Friday of
222:
163:that is known as the
89:
50:Bishop of Jerusalem,
3393:L'Osservatore Romano
3331:Role in civilisation
3057:Croatian and Serbian
2805:Episcopal conference
2767:St. Peter's Basilica
2125:Sexual abuse scandal
2081:Catholic Reformation
1443:Ecclesiastical Latin
1364:Liturgy of the Hours
1284:Liturgy of the Hours
1154:Pontifical High Mass
674:Wainwright, Geoffrey
627:. Liturgical Press.
358:Maphriyonos of Mosul
186:) joined Archdeacon
173:Patriarch of Antioch
3728:Neocatechumenal Way
3693:Charismatic Renewal
3407:Annuario Pontificio
3005:Particular churches
2681:Ecumenical councils
2453:Perpetual virginity
2288:Communitas perfecta
2232:Sermon on the Mount
1667:Pre-Tridentine Mass
1435:Liturgical language
849:Autonomous churches
816:Holy See of Cilicia
602:"Thomas Christians"
598:Brock, Sebastian P.
310:Syro-Malabar Church
267:on weekdays during
118:liturgical language
3565:Premonstratensians
1948:Ante-Nicene period
1826:Lists of Catholics
1519:Extraordinary Form
880:Malankara Jacobite
856:Armenian Apostolic
736:Oriental Orthodoxy
519:King, pp. 321–323.
362:Eldho Mar Baselios
337:East Syriac script
228:
149:Church of the East
133:Michael the Syrian
98:
3848:
3847:
3258:
3257:
2651:
2474:
2473:
2166:
2143:
2142:
2135:COVID-19 pandemic
2105:French Revolution
2095:Thirty Years' War
2003:Islamic conquests
1916:Apostolic fathers
1851:
1766:
1765:
1746:
1745:
1675:
1674:
1589:
1588:
1222:(sunset/evening)
992:
991:
777:and parts of the
745:Eastern Christian
660:978-1-59333-391-1
510:Chupungco, p. 17.
417:Chupungco, p. 15.
366:Baselios Sakralla
196:Coonan Cross Oath
3883:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3570:Redemptoristines
3418:Religious orders
3344:Anti-Catholicism
3294:Church buildings
3154:Catholic liturgy
2894:Consecrated life
2752:Apostolic Palace
2719:Synod of Bishops
2655:
2631:
2237:Ten Commandments
2170:
2152:
2053:Age of Discovery
1887:Great Commission
1855:
1839:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1758:
1757:
1731:East Syriac Rite
1699:Alexandrian Rite
1688:Eastern Catholic
1681:Eastern Catholic
1556:Benedictine Rite
1544:
1484:
1478:liturgical rites
1467:
1386:Roman Pontifical
1242:(end of the day)
1176:Liturgical hours
1019:
1012:
1005:
996:
964:West Syriac Rite
949:Alexandrian Rite
843:
729:
722:
715:
706:
701:
664:
645:
643:
641:
617:
615:
613:
593:
550:
544:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
508:
495:
492:
479:
476:
467:
464:
458:
455:
449:
443:
434:
424:
418:
415:
386:Malankara Church
200:Malankara Church
161:East Syriac Rite
122:non-Chalcedonian
102:West Syriac Rite
56:Malankara Church
3891:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3822:
3814:
3793:
3776:Relief Services
3742:
3688:Catholic Action
3678:Military orders
3615:Confraternities
3607:of the faithful
3606:
3599:
3421:
3412:
3348:
3254:
3148:
3007:
2999:
2932:Prior, Prioress
2888:
2781:
2777:Vatican Museums
2728:
2661:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2549:
2503:Social teaching
2470:
2409:
2354:
2309:One true church
2273:
2250:Sixtine Vulgate
2246:Official Bible
2160:
2156:
2151:
2139:
2057:
1989:
1934:
1904:Petrine primacy
1847:
1843:
1838:
1830:
1802:
1800:Catholic Church
1797:
1767:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1709:Antiochene Rite
1689:
1685:
1682:
1671:
1661:Missa Venatoria
1585:
1581:Norbertine Rite
1571:Cistercian Rite
1566:Carthusian Rite
1542:
1524:Tridentine Mass
1514:Mass of Paul VI
1477:
1473:
1461:
1454:
1429:
1293:
1245:
1192:(early morning)
1174:
1171:Canonical hours
1165:
1088:
1040:
1038:Catholic Church
1023:
993:
988:
935:
904:
897:
874:Syriac Orthodox
844:
835:
792:
785:
738:
733:
694:
667:
661:
648:
639:
637:
635:
620:
611:
609:
608:. Gorgias Press
596:
590:
572:
559:
554:
553:
545:
532:
527:
523:
518:
514:
509:
498:
493:
482:
477:
470:
465:
461:
456:
452:
444:
437:
425:
421:
416:
409:
404:
382:
297:
291:
285:
237:Julian calendar
217:
144:Syriac Orthodox
106:Antiochene Rite
84:
48:Syriac Orthodox
32:liturgical rite
17:
12:
11:
5:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Legion of Mary
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3652:Lay Carmelites
3649:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3611:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Conceptionists
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3435:Assumptionists
3431:
3429:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3137:Syro-Malankara
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Italo-Albanian
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2796:
2794:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Lateran Treaty
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2683:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Moral theology
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:Pope Gregory I
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1980:Biblical canon
1977:
1975:Late antiquity
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1911:Church fathers
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1845:Ecclesiastical
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1726:Byzantine Rite
1723:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1606:Aquileian Rite
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1576:Dominican Rite
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:Carmelite Rite
1558:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1504:Mozarabic Rite
1501:
1496:
1494:Ambrosian Rite
1490:
1488:
1481:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1327:Roman Breviary
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1100:Divine Liturgy
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
999:
990:
989:
987:
986:
984:Malankara Rite
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
932:
931:
920:
915:
909:
907:
899:
898:
896:
895:
890:
883:
882:
877:
870:
869:
864:
859:
852:
850:
846:
845:
838:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
797:
795:
787:
786:
743:
740:
739:
734:
732:
731:
724:
717:
709:
703:
702:
692:
665:
659:
646:
633:
618:
594:
588:
570:
558:
555:
552:
551:
530:
521:
512:
496:
480:
468:
459:
450:
435:
419:
406:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
393:
388:
381:
378:
370:Puthenkootukar
287:Main article:
284:
281:
233:leavened bread
216:
213:
188:Parambil Thoma
112:, rather than
83:
80:
21:Malankara Rite
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3888:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3841:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:Home Missions
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:Saint Francis
3662:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:Saint Dominic
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Bethlehemites
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3382:Vatican Radio
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3367:Vatican Media
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:List of popes
2660:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Mother of God
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:People of God
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:Infallibility
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:Body and soul
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Enlightenment
2098:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:Protestantism
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Scholasticism
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Schism (1378)
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Schism (1054)
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
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1809:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Armenian Rite
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:Missa Nautica
1644:
1642:
1641:Gallican Rite
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Rite of Braga
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Book of hours
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1143:Missa Cantata
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Armenian Rite
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
938:
930:
927:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:British Isles
911:
910:
908:
906:
900:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
851:
847:
842:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
796:
794:
791:Autocephalous
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
752:autocephalous
749:
746:
741:
737:
730:
725:
723:
718:
716:
711:
710:
707:
699:
695:
693:0-19-513886-4
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
671:
666:
662:
656:
652:
647:
636:
634:0-8146-6161-0
630:
626:
625:
619:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:9781134430192
585:
581:
580:
575:
574:Baum, Wilhelm
571:
568:
564:
561:
560:
556:
548:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
531:
528:King, p. 322.
525:
522:
516:
513:
507:
505:
503:
501:
497:
494:King, p. 323.
491:
489:
487:
485:
481:
478:Baum, p. 105.
475:
473:
469:
463:
460:
454:
451:
448:, p. 159
447:
446:Chaillot 2006
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
420:
414:
412:
408:
401:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
349:
346:
340:
338:
334:
329:
327:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
296:
290:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
226:
221:
214:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:, centred in
154:
150:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
96:
92:
88:
81:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:community in
37:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3810:Universities
3642:Third orders
3605:Associations
3595:Visitandines
3590:Trinitarians
3540:Mercedarians
3525:Hieronymites
3470:Camaldoleses
3455:Benedictines
3445:Augustinians
3405:
3398:
3391:
3372:Vatican News
3326:Distinctions
3196:
3132:Syro-Malabar
3017:Latin Church
2939:Grand master
2837:Metropolitan
2734:Vatican City
2629:Organisation
2508:Philosophers
2373:Confirmation
2350:In canon law
2344:Subsistit in
2342:
2338:Three states
2325:
2286:
2279:Ecclesiology
2261:Nova Vulgata
2259:
2217:Original sin
2212:Nicene Creed
2202:Divine grace
2161:
2043:Universities
2013:Papal States
1940:Great Church
1882:Resurrection
1859:Early Church
1718:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1624:Hereford Use
1601:African Rite
1531:Anglican Use
1471:Latin Church
1425:Sacramentary
1420:Roman Ritual
1408:Roman Missal
1216:(ninth hour)
1204:(third hour)
1141:
1127:Holy Qurbono
1122:Holy Qurbana
1059:Confirmation
983:
886:
873:
855:
698:Google Books
696:– via
682:. New York:
677:
650:
640:September 6,
638:. Retrieved
623:
612:22 September
610:. Retrieved
605:
578:
566:
547:Brock (2011)
524:
515:
462:
457:Baum, p. 53.
453:
430:
422:
374:
369:
350:
341:
330:
318:
298:
273:Passion Week
260:Mar Thoma VI
257:
229:
177:
165:Malabar Rite
153:Nestorianism
137:
99:
91:Holy Qurbana
20:
18:
3800:Health care
3786:Pax Christi
3738:Schoenstatt
3703:Sant'Egidio
3535:Legionaries
3515:Franciscans
3490:Cistercians
3485:Carthusians
3440:Annonciades
3299:Altarpieces
3192:West Syriac
3187:East Syriac
3167:Alexandrian
2791:Holy orders
2772:Swiss Guard
2712:Dicasteries
2707:Roman Curia
2605:Evangelists
2563:Holy Family
2498:Personalism
2488:Natural law
2466:Josephology
2400:Holy orders
2038:Inquisition
1995:Middle Ages
1985:Monasticism
1953:Constantine
1877:Crucifixion
1714:West Syriac
1654:Missa sicca
1619:Durham Rite
1614:Celtic Rite
1376:Martyrology
1344:Gospel Book
1339:Euchologion
1312:Antiphonary
1186:(nighttime)
1149:Solemn Mass
1079:Holy Orders
903:Independent
779:Middle East
345:East Syriac
326:East Syriac
321:East Syriac
215:Description
29:West Syriac
3855:Categories
3555:Oratorians
3510:Dominicans
3480:Carmelites
3475:Camillians
3423:institutes
3236:Tridentine
3172:Antiochian
3092:Macedonian
3037:Belarusian
2927:Provincial
2842:Archbishop
2762:Roman Rota
2724:Properties
2649:By country
2645:Precedence
2610:Confessors
2590:Archangels
2580:Patriarchs
2480:Philosophy
2458:Veneration
2423:Assumption
2393:Last rites
2360:Sacraments
2304:Four marks
2115:Vatican II
2063:Modern era
1899:Succession
1509:Roman Rite
1460:Liturgical
1381:Pontifical
1359:Lectionary
1354:Horologion
1289:Procession
1159:Papal Mass
1046:Sacraments
1026:Sacraments
557:References
269:Great Lent
253:feast days
169:Archdeacon
3796:See also:
3748:Charities
3657:Discalced
3585:Trappists
3580:Theatines
3550:Olivetans
3495:Clarisses
3465:Blue nuns
3450:Basilians
3427:societies
3335:See also:
3221:Mozarabic
3211:Ambrosian
3197:Malankara
3182:Byzantine
3142:Ukrainian
3117:Ruthenian
3082:Hungarian
3067:Ethiopian
3042:Bulgarian
3009:sui iuris
2993:Postulant
2902:Religious
2857:Auxiliary
2852:Coadjutor
2822:Patriarch
2690:Cardinals
2637:Canon law
2633:Hierarchy
2615:Disciples
2538:Relations
2526:Evolution
2517:See also:
2462:See also:
2415:Mariology
2405:Matrimony
2378:Eucharist
2299:Ecumenism
2227:Salvation
2163:Catechism
2158:Tradition
2120:Communism
1968:Chalcedon
1719:Malankara
1629:Sarum Use
1536:Zaire Use
1334:Customary
1084:Matrimony
1064:Eucharist
1034:liturgies
748:communion
277:Malayalam
241:vestments
184:Ahatallah
151:accepted
116:, as the
3840:Category
3733:Opus Dei
3718:Scouting
3708:Focolare
3575:Servites
3560:Piarists
3505:Crosiers
3241:Anglican
3177:Armenian
3107:Romanian
3097:Maronite
3072:Georgian
3062:Eritrean
3047:Chaldean
3032:Armenian
3027:Albanian
2908:Superior
2867:Emeritus
2847:Diocesan
2700:Advisers
2659:Holy See
2585:Prophets
2543:Politics
2314:Catholic
2294:Councils
2149:Theology
2028:Crusades
1963:Nicaea I
1894:Apostles
1872:Ministry
1841:Timeline
1821:Glossary
1683:Churches
1634:York Use
1610:British
1322:Breviary
1267:Exorcism
1257:Asperges
1240:Compline
1226:Evensong
1137:Low Mass
905:churches
793:churches
771:Ethiopia
755:churches
600:(2011).
380:See also
333:Karshoni
312:and the
235:and the
74:and the
3805:Schools
3761:Caritas
3669:Secular
3635:Workers
3530:Jesuits
3316:Museums
3311:Library
3289:Writers
3284:Artists
3264:Culture
3231:Paul VI
3112:Russian
3102:Melkite
2944:Brother
2922:General
2862:Titular
2832:Primate
2810:Eparchy
2800:Diocese
2747:Outline
2686:College
2676:Francis
2620:Virgins
2595:Martyrs
2521:Science
2428:History
2383:Penance
2368:Baptism
2269:Worship
2242:Vulgate
2190:Kingdom
2185:Trinity
2173:General
1928:Primacy
1836:History
1816:Outline
1736:Malabar
1690:liturgy
1594:Defunct
1487:Current
1393:Psalter
1349:Gradual
1277:Requiem
1272:Funeral
1220:Vespers
1069:Penance
1054:Baptism
1036:of the
941:Liturgy
767:Eritrea
759:Armenia
306:Qurbana
302:Qurbono
249:fasting
120:of the
82:History
27:of the
23:is the
3683:Fimcap
3625:Marian
3545:Minims
3277:Marian
3127:Syriac
3122:Slovak
3052:Coptic
2988:Oblate
2983:Master
2978:Novice
2973:Hermit
2961:Sister
2917:Abbess
2884:Deacon
2879:Priest
2874:Parish
2817:Bishop
2787:Polity
2573:Joseph
2555:Saints
2222:Saints
2110:Nazism
1548:Orders
1415:Tonary
1398:Missal
1307:Agpeya
1232:Ramsha
1210:(noon)
1184:Matins
1032:, and
781:, and
690:
657:
631:
586:
204:bishop
157:Persia
142:, the
110:Syriac
70:, the
40:Kerala
3781:CIDSE
3630:Youth
3354:Media
3321:Music
3246:Zaire
3226:Roman
3216:Braga
3206:Latin
3077:Greek
2949:Friar
2913:Abbot
2827:Major
2742:Index
2641:Laity
2207:Dogma
2154:Bible
2130:Islam
2086:Trent
1867:Jesus
1849:Legal
1811:Index
1476:Latin
1462:rites
1214:Nones
1202:Terce
1196:Prime
1190:Lauds
1030:rites
783:India
775:Sudan
763:Egypt
757:from
672:. In
402:Notes
114:Greek
44:India
3306:Folk
2954:Monk
2695:List
2673:Pope
2568:Mary
1208:Sext
1132:Mass
688:ISBN
655:ISBN
642:2016
629:ISBN
614:2016
584:ISBN
319:The
190:and
100:The
25:form
19:The
3620:Lay
3272:Art
2966:Nun
2688:of
2180:God
750:of
231:of
3857::
3425:,
2915:,
1028:,
773:,
769:,
765:,
761:,
686:.
565:.
533:^
499:^
483:^
471:^
438:^
429:.
410:^
360:,
316:.
279:.
251:,
135:.
78:.
62:,
42:,
3420:,
2904::
2793:)
2789:(
2666:)
2662:(
1792:e
1785:t
1778:v
1692:)
1686:(
1480:)
1474:(
1173:,
1018:e
1011:t
1004:v
889::
876::
858::
728:e
721:t
714:v
700:.
663:.
644:.
616:.
592:.
549:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
