650:, the breeding male is distinctive with a bright blue forehead and ear coverts, a violet throat and deeper rich blue back wings, chest and tail with a black bill, eye band and chest band. The blue breeding plumage of the male is often referred to as nuptial plumage. The non-breeding male is brown with blue in the wings and a bluish tail. The female resembles the non-breeding male but has a chestnut bill and eye-patch. Immature males will moult into breeding plumage the first breeding season after hatching, though this may be incomplete with residual brownish plumage and may take another year or two to perfect. Both sexes moult in autumn after breeding, with males assuming an eclipse non-breeding plumage. They will moult again into nuptial plumage in winter or spring. Some older males have remained blue all year, moulting directly from one year's nuptial plumage to the next. Breeding males' blue plumage, particularly the ear-coverts, is highly
951:; its diet includes a wide range of small creatures, mostly arthropods such as ants, grasshoppers, crickets, spiders and bugs. This is supplemented by small quantities of seeds, flowers, and fruit. They mostly forage on the ground or in shrubs that are less than two metres above the ground; this has been termed 'hop-searching'. Unusually for fairywrens, they may also occasionally forage in the canopy of flowering gums. Birds tend to stick fairly close to cover and forage in groups as this foraging practice does render them vulnerable to a range of predators. Food can be scarce in winter and ants are an important 'last resort' option, constituting a much higher proportion of the diet. Adult fairywrens feed their young a different diet, conveying larger items such as caterpillars and grasshoppers to nestlings.
612:
more able to spread into inland areas. These split into at least three enclaves which subsequently evolved in isolation in the following drier glacial periods until the current more favourable climate saw them expand once again and interbreed where they overlap. This suggests the original split was only very recent as the forms had insufficient time to speciate. Further molecular studies may result in this hypothesis being modified. A 2017 genetic study using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA found the ancestors of the superb and splendid fairywrens diverged from each other around 4 million years ago, and their common ancestor diverged around 7 million years ago from a lineage that gave rise to the
722:
737:
rarely still. The short, rounded wings provide good initial lift and are useful for short flights, though not for extended jaunts. However, splendid fairywrens are stronger fliers than most other fairywrens. During spring and summer, birds are active in bursts through the day and accompany their foraging with song. Insects are numerous and easy to catch, which allows the birds to rest between forays. The group often shelters and rests together during the heat of the day. Food is harder to find during winter and they are required to spend the day foraging continuously.
470:
454:
235:
109:
60:
42:
848:, is an exaggerated undulating flight where the male, with his neck extended and his head feathers erect, flies and tilts his body from horizontal to vertical and by rapidly beating wings is able to descend slowly and spring upwards after alighting on the ground. The 'face fan' display may be seen as a part of aggressive or sexual display behaviours; it involves the flaring of the blue ear tufts by erecting the feathers.
321:, the male in breeding plumage is a small, long-tailed bird of predominantly bright blue and black colouration. Non-breeding males, females and juveniles are predominantly grey-brown in colour; this gave the early impression that males were polygamous as all dull-coloured birds were taken for females. It comprises several similar all-blue and black subspecies that were originally considered separate species.
84:
633:
915:. One or two broods may be laid during the breeding season. A clutch of two to four dull white eggs with reddish-brown splotches and spots, measuring 12 mm × 16 mm (0.47 in × 0.63 in), are laid. Incubation takes about two weeks. The female incubates the eggs for 14 or 15 days; after hatching, nestlings are fed and their
852:
753:, each partner mating with other individuals and even assisting in raising the young from such trysts. Over a third of offspring are the result of an 'extramarital' mating. Helper birds assist in defending the territory and feeding and rearing the young. Birds in a group roost side-by-side in dense cover as well as engaging in mutual preening.
832:). Like other species of fairywrens, splendid fairywrens may use a 'rodent-run' display to distract predators from nests with young birds. While doing this, the head, neck and tail of the bird are lowered, the wings are held out and the feathers are fluffed as the bird runs rapidly and voices a continuous alarm call.
611:
proposed a southern origin for the common ancestor of the superb and splendid fairywrens. At some time in the past it was split into southwestern (splendid) and southeastern (superb) enclaves. As the southwest was drier than the southeast, once conditions were more favourable, the splendid forms were
890:
in 2010 showing that male splendid fairywrens sing display-like vocalizations (Type II song) in response to predator calls. The trills "hitchhike" on the predator's vocalization and the female splendid fairywrens, which have become more alert due to the predator calls, also respond more strongly to
482:
Initially, three of the subspecies were considered separate species as they were each originally described far from their borders with the others. However, as the interior of
Australia was explored, it became apparent there were areas of hybridisation where subspecies overlapped. Thus in 1975, they
919:
removed by all group members for 10–13 days, by which time they are fledged. Young birds remain in the family group as helpers for a year or more before moving to another group, usually an adjacent one, or assuming a dominant position in the original group. In this role they feed and care for
880:
with other individuals; a proportion of young will have been fathered by males from outside the group. Young are often raised not by the pair alone, but with other males who also mated with the pair's female assisting. Thus, petal-carrying might be a behaviour that strengthens the pair-bond. Petal
867:
Another interesting habit of males of this and other fairywren species during the reproductive season is to pluck petals (in this species, predominantly pink and purple ones which contrast with their plumage) and show them to female fairywrens. Petals often form part of a courtship display and are
736:
Like all fairywrens, the splendid fairywren is an active and restless feeder, particularly on open ground near shelter, but also through the lower foliage. Movement is a series of jaunty hops and bounces, with its balance assisted by a proportionally large tail, which is usually held upright and
332:, meaning that although they form pairs between one male and one female, each partner will mate with other individuals and even assist in raising the young from such trysts. Male wrens pluck pink or purple petals and display them to females as part of a courtship display.
868:
presented to a female in the male fairywren's own or another territory. Outside the breeding season males may sometimes still show petals to females in other territories, presumably to promote themselves. It is notable that fairywrens are socially
690:
The splendid fairywren is widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid zones of
Australia. Habitat is typically dry and shrubby; mulga and mallee in drier parts of the country and forested areas in the southwest. The western subspecies
744:
and defend it year-round. Territories average 4.4 ha (11 acres) in woodland-heath areas; size decreases with increasing density of vegetation and increases with the number of males in the group. The group consists of a socially
707:) is thought to be partially nomadic. Unlike the eastern superb fairywren, the splendid fairywren has not adapted well to human occupation of the landscape and has disappeared from some urbanised areas. Forestry plantations of pine (
1488:
Marki, Petter Z.; Jønsson, Knud A.; Irestedt, Martin; Nguyen, Jacqueline M.T.; Rahbek, Carsten; Fjeldså, Jon (2017). "Supermatrix phylogeny and biogeography of the
Australasian Meliphagides radiation (Aves: Passeriformes)".
1448:(1999). The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing x 851 pp. .
527:: Originally collected by ornithologist Samuel White and described as a separate species by John Gould. Although the taxonomy is not yet settled, it is now considered to include the former subspecies
899:
Breeding occurs from late August through to
January, though heavy rain in August may delay this. The nest is built by the female; it is a round or domed structure made of loosely woven grasses and
339:, it has not adapted well to human occupation of the landscape and has disappeared from some urbanised areas. The splendid fairywren mainly eats insects and supplements its diet with seeds.
881:
carrying might also be a way for extra males to gain matings with the female. In either case, the data does not strongly link petal-carrying and presenting to a copulation soon thereafter.
2213:
Joseph L, Wilke T, Alpers D (April 2002). "Reconciling genetic expectations from host specificity with historical population dynamics in an avian brood parasite, Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo
749:
pair with one or more male or female helper birds that were hatched in the territory, though they may not necessarily be the offspring of the main pair. Splendid fairywrens are sexually
2333:
3067:
2952:
577:, it is found in the mallee country of South Australia (Sedan area north-east of Adelaide) through western Victoria, western New South Wales and into south-western
2363:
1028:
Webster MS, Tarvin KA, Tuttle EM, Pruett-Jones S (2004). "Reproductive promiscuity in the splendid fairywren: effects of group size and auxiliary reproduction".
2991:
3047:
1082:
Christidis, L.; Schodde, R. (1997). "Relationships within the
Australo-Papuan Fairy-wrens (Aves: Malurinae): an evaluation of the utility of allozyme data".
3072:
2913:
1121:
Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les anneés 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M.J. Dumont-d'Urville
666:. The call is described as a gushing reel; this is harsher and louder than other fairywrens and varies from individual to individual. A soft single
2965:
2432:
1237:
2408:
2292:
2072:
1554:
1472:
1162:
3057:
1683:
Payne RB, Payne LL, Rowley I (1988). "Kin and social relationships in splendid fairy-wrens: recognition by song in a cooperative bird".
335:
The habitat of the splendid fairywren ranges from forest to dry scrub, generally with ample vegetation for shelter. Unlike the eastern
2926:
1253:"A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds; Taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data"
2470:
324:
Like other fairywrens, the splendid fairywren is notable for several peculiar behavioural characteristics; the birds are socially
3062:
1840:
Brooker MG, Rowley I (1995). "The significance of territory size and quality in the mating strategy of the
Splendid Fairy-wren".
730:
844:
by splendid fairywren males have been recorded; the 'sea horse flight,' so named for the similarity of movements to those by a
2970:
1416:
721:
2174:
Russell, EM; Rowley, Ian (1993). "Philopatry or dispersal: competition for territory vacancies in the splendid fairy-wren
548:
2088:
Van Bael S, Pruett-Jones S (2000). "Breeding
Biology and Social Behaviour of the Eastern Race of the Splendid Fairy-wren
662:
light strongly, and so may be even more prominent to other fairywrens, whose colour vision extends into this part of the
357:. Within the genus it is most closely related to the superb fairywren. These two "blue wrens" are closely related to the
924:
886:
2838:
598:: Named after Angus Emmott, a farmer and amateur biologist from western Queensland. Found in south-western Queensland.
963:
45c pre-stamped envelope released on 12 August 1999; however, a superb fairywren was mistakenly illustrated instead.
903:, with an entrance in one side close to the ground and well-concealed in thick and often thorny vegetation, such as
2996:
2607:
1359:
613:
495:
376:
220:
1201:
Catalogue of the
Passeriformes, or perching birds, in the collection of the British museum. Cichlomorphae, part 4
1183:
Catalogue of the
Passeriformes, or perching birds, in the collection of the British museum. Cichlomorphae, part 1
2931:
483:
were then reclassified as subspecies of the splendid fairywren. There are four subspecies currently recognized:
108:
2730:
2637:
2602:
663:
646:
The splendid fairywren is a small, long-tailed bird 14 cm (5.5 in) long. Exhibiting a high degree of
358:
2678:
2582:
2572:
2540:
2400:
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2791:
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by the same author, before being placed in the newly recognised family
Maluridae in 1975. More recently,
2463:
932:
203:
2843:
453:
1003:
2612:
2587:
2577:
2226:
2148:
2101:
1953:
1916:
1849:
1498:
1313:
877:
621:
1096:
2770:
2438:
869:
773:
746:
559:. It has lighter blue or turquoise upperparts than the splendid fairywren, as well as a black rump.
499:
380:
325:
224:
73:
399:, the specific name of the former authors took priority. The specific epithet is derived from the
2864:
2745:
2250:
2195:
2117:
1865:
1700:
1665:
741:
556:
510:. This is the nominate subspecies and is found in much of central and southern Western Australia.
247:
103:
406:, which means "shining". Like other fairywrens, the splendid fairywren is unrelated to the true
2957:
2135:
Rowley, Ian; Brooker, MG; Russell, EM (1991). "The breeding biology of the Splendid Fairy-wren
884:
Researchers at Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago published a paper in
305:. The splendid fairywren is found across much of the Australian continent from central-western
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2755:
2668:
2562:
2404:
2288:
2242:
2068:
1657:
1550:
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1282:
1158:
841:
757:
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365:
318:
298:
290:
234:
170:
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and other intruders may be greeted with a threat posture and churring threat. Females emit a
3052:
2750:
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2234:
2187:
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2109:
2028:
1961:
1924:
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1331:
1321:
1272:
1264:
1101:
1037:
998:
905:
336:
2856:
3004:
2869:
2765:
2725:
2673:
1640:
Bennett AT, Cuthill IC (June 1994). "Ultraviolet vision in birds: what is its function?".
608:
589:
552:
532:
373:
306:
50:
581:. It differs from the nominate subspecies in having a black back and whitish lower belly.
2230:
2152:
2105:
1957:
1920:
1853:
1502:
1317:
980:
59:
41:
2720:
2698:
1614:
1277:
1252:
960:
1722:
response to cuckoos: an experimental test of social organisation in a communal bird".
1696:
1336:
1301:
3041:
2978:
2525:
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1944:
1653:
989:
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860:
801:
544:
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93:
88:
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2199:
2121:
1704:
1669:
3022:
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1445:
632:
593:
431:
411:
2879:
426:
analysis has shown the family Maluridae to be related to the family Meliphagidae (
2017:"Danger may enhance communication: predator calls alert females to male displays"
1424:
17:
2939:
2823:
1510:
873:
765:
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659:
329:
1363:
3017:
2658:
2629:
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578:
522:
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384:
354:
310:
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this type II song than when it's given without a predator call preceding it.
2710:
2507:
2480:
2442:
2033:
2016:
1735:
1326:
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916:
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700:
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serves as a contact call within a foraging group, while the alarm call is a
536:
419:
286:
160:
120:
2448:
2246:
2191:
1528:
1345:
1286:
1268:
1661:
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845:
410:. It was first classified as a member of the Old World flycatcher family
140:
1388:
Mathews, G.M. (1922). The Birds of Australia. London: Witherby Vol. 10 .
2918:
2552:
1519:
809:
655:
349:
180:
2160:
1965:
1597:
Rowley I (1981). "The communal way of life in the Splendid Fairy-wren
1300:
Barker, FK; Cibois, A; Schikler, P; Feinstein, J; Cracraft, J (2004).
2944:
1928:
675:
130:
2905:
2785:
2424:
1869:
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2113:
2900:
923:
Splendid fairywrens also commonly play host to the brood parasite
911:
850:
793:
720:
713:
spp.) and eucalypts are also unsuitable as they lack undergrowth.
709:
631:
468:
452:
400:
1861:
789:
407:
314:
150:
2789:
2452:
1119:
Quoy, J.R.C. and Gaimard, J.P. in Dumont-d'Urville, J. (1830).
353:, commonly known as fairywrens, found in Australia and lowland
1907:
Wareham, J (1954). "The behaviour of the Splendid Blue Wren".
1302:"Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation"
817:
423:
573:: Originally described as a separate species. Also named the
347:
The splendid fairywren is one of eleven species of the genus
313:
over to coastal Western Australia. It inhabits predominantly
2268:
Brooker MG, Brooker LC (1989). "Cuckoo Hosts in Australia".
1364:"Lyrebirds, scrubbirds, bowerbirds & Australasian wrens"
2362:
Australia Post Philatelic Group (October–December 1999).
2332:
Australia Post Philatelic Group (August–September 1999).
1417:"Farmer's biology work recognised by science community"
441:
The splendid fairywren is also alternatively named the
2397:
Bird Families of the World: Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens
1942:
Loaring WH (1948). "Splendid Wren with flower petal".
1423:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
740:
Groups of two to eight splendid fairywrens remain in
1718:
Payne RB, Payne LL, Rowley I (1985). "Splendid wren
2798:
2707:
2695:
2655:
2648:
2626:
2549:
2522:
2504:
2497:
2488:
1219:
A handlist of the genera and species of birdsVol. 4
418:, though it was later placed in the warbler family
317:and semi-arid regions. Exhibiting a high degree of
1549:. Ringwood, Victoria: Viking O'Neil. p. 392.
1157:(5th ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883.
293:family, Maluridae. It is also known simply as the
1004:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703740A93934738.en
1251:Barker, FK; Barrowclough, GF; Groth, JG (2002).
808:spp.) as well as introduced mammals such as the
654:due to the flattened and twisted surface of the
2435:on Birdpedia. Includes soundfile of their call.
703:, although the turquoise fairywren (subspecies
695:and eastern black-backed fairywren (subspecies
368:, and the splendid fairywren then described as
2015:Greig, Emma I.; Pruett-Jones, Stephen (2010).
959:The bird was intended to be illustrated on an
2464:
2319:
2307:
2285:Food of Australian Birds: Vol. 2 – Passerines
2050:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1894:
1882:
1827:
1815:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1627:
1581:
1569:
1465:The fairy-wrens: a monograph of the Maluridae
1069:
1057:
395:. Though he correctly placed it in the genus
8:
2046:
2044:
1592:
1590:
1458:
1456:
1454:
539:Basin in central Australia. Also named the
531:described in 1922 by amateur ornithologist
2786:
2704:
2652:
2501:
2494:
2471:
2457:
2449:
876:: pairs will bond for life, but regularly
233:
82:
58:
40:
31:
2067:. Kenmore Hills, Qld: self. p. 280.
2032:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1518:
1415:transcript – Kerry O'Brien (2000-05-19).
1335:
1325:
1276:
1203:. London: Trustees of the British Museum.
1185:. London: Trustees of the British Museum.
1095:
1023:
1021:
1002:
2139:: the significance of multiple broods".
1540:
1538:
1053:
1051:
947:The splendid fairywren is predominantly
971:
2395:Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor (1997).
2065:Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs
364:Specimens were initially collected at
3068:Taxa named by Jean René Constant Quoy
2932:splendid-fairy-wren-malurus-splendens
2427:at eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
1547:Field Guide to the Birds of Australia
1491:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1370:. International Ornithologists' Union
642:showing chestnut bill and bluish tail
607:In his 1982 monograph, ornithologist
254:
7:
1545:Simpson K, Day N, Trusler P (1993).
1234:Interim List of Australian Songbirds
3048:IUCN Red List least concern species
2425:Explore Species: Splendid Fairywren
990:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1615:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01271.x
25:
3073:Taxa named by Joseph Paul Gaimard
1467:. Melbourne: Lansdowne Editions.
1123:. Zoologie. Paris: J. Tastu Vol.
658:. The blue plumage also reflects
2441:– Highlighting relationships of
2239:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01481.x
107:
2283:Barker RD, Vestkens WJ (1990).
1603:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
1362:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
979:BirdLife International (2016).
387:gave it the scientific name of
1:
2270:Australian Zoological Reviews
1697:10.1016/S0003-3472(88)80203-3
1084:Australian Journal of Zoology
756:Major nest predators include
49:A male splendid fairywren in
2445:on Tree Of Life Web Project.
1654:10.1016/0042-6989(94)90149-X
1136:Gould, J. (1833). Untitled.
855:Turquoise fairywren (subsp.
434:within a large superfamily,
383:in 1830, three years before
361:of north-western Australia.
2844:Malurus_(Malurus)_splendens
2090:Malurus splendens melanotus
1511:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.021
1368:World Bird List Version 7.3
3089:
3058:Endemic birds of Australia
2608:White-shouldered fairywren
1306:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
1155:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
2320:Rowley & Russell 1997
2308:Rowley & Russell 1997
2051:Rowley & Russell 1997
2003:Rowley & Russell 1997
1991:Rowley & Russell 1997
1979:Rowley & Russell 1997
1895:Rowley & Russell 1997
1883:Rowley & Russell 1997
1842:Journal of Animal Ecology
1828:Rowley & Russell 1997
1816:Rowley & Russell 1997
1797:Rowley & Russell 1997
1785:Rowley & Russell 1997
1773:Rowley & Russell 1997
1761:Rowley & Russell 1997
1749:Rowley & Russell 1997
1628:Rowley & Russell 1997
1582:Rowley & Russell 1997
1570:Rowley & Russell 1997
1221:. London: British Museum.
1070:Rowley & Russell 1997
1058:Rowley & Russell 1997
925:Horsfield's bronze cuckoo
478:Cunnamulla, SW Queensland
253:
246:
242:Splendid fairywren range
241:
232:
209:
202:
104:Scientific classification
102:
80:
71:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2731:White-throated grasswren
2638:Orange-crowned fairywren
2603:Purple-crowned fairywren
1401:. London: J. Gould Vol.
997:: e.T22703740A93934738.
859:) with purplish petal –
686:Distribution and habitat
502:, 1830): Also named the
359:purple-crowned fairywren
343:Taxonomy and systematics
297:or more colloquially in
3063:Birds described in 1830
2679:Rufous-crowned emu-wren
2583:Blue-breasted fairywren
2573:Purple-backed fairywren
2401:Oxford University Press
1736:10.1163/156853985X00299
1327:10.1073/pnas.0401892101
729:with face fan display,
551:country across much of
391:and vernacular name of
377:Jean René Constant Quoy
2761:Thick-billed grasswren
2741:Short-tailed grasswren
2736:Carpentarian grasswren
2618:White-winged fairywren
2536:Broad-billed fairywren
2287:. CSIRO. p. 557.
2192:10.1006/anbe.1993.1063
1399:The Birds of Australia
1269:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883
1153:Simpson, D.P. (1979).
1138:Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
864:
733:
643:
563:Black-backed fairywren
479:
466:
416:Richard Bowdler Sharpe
2063:Beruldsen, G (2003).
2034:10.1093/beheco/arq155
1257:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
1042:10.1093/beheco/arh093
933:shining bronze cuckoo
854:
724:
717:Behaviour and ecology
635:
622:red-backed fairywrens
472:
456:
393:banded superb-warbler
2613:Red-backed fairywren
2588:Red-winged fairywren
2578:Variegated fairywren
2541:Campbell's fairywren
1463:Schodde, R. (1982).
603:Evolutionary history
2870:splendid-fairy-wren
2771:Kalkadoon grasswren
2516:Wallace's fairywren
2490:Subfamily Malurinae
2231:2002MolEc..11..829J
2153:1991EmuAO..91..197R
2106:2000EmuAO.100...95V
1958:1948EmuAO..48..163L
1921:1954EmuAO..54..135W
1854:1995JAnEc..64..614B
1503:2017MolPE.107..516M
1318:2004PNAS..10111040B
1312:(30): 11040–11045.
955:Cultural depictions
920:subsequent broods.
778:Dacelo novaeguineae
774:laughing kookaburra
514:Turquoise fairywren
381:Joseph Paul Gaimard
74:Conservation status
35:Splendid fairywren
2865:BirdLife-Australia
2746:Striated grasswren
2598:Splendid fairywren
2433:Splendid fairywren
2364:"Note:Birds error"
2021:Behavioral Ecology
1397:Gould, J. (1841).
1232:Schodde R (1975).
1030:Behavioral Ecology
887:Behavioral Ecology
865:
842:courtship displays
762:Gymnorhina tibicen
758:Australian magpies
734:
644:
557:Northern Territory
480:
467:
443:splendid blue wren
430:), and the family
389:Malurus pectoralis
370:Saxicola splendens
277:splendid fairywren
264:Malurus pectoralis
257:Saxicola splendens
3033:
3032:
3023:Malurus-splendens
2830:Malurus splendens
2800:Malurus splendens
2792:Taxon identifiers
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2756:Western grasswren
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2669:Southern emu-wren
2649:Tribe Stipiturini
2644:
2643:
2563:Emperor fairywren
2410:978-0-19-854690-0
2310:, pp. 49–52.
2294:978-0-643-05115-7
2219:Molecular Ecology
2215:Chalcites basalis
2176:Malurus splendens
2161:10.1071/MU9910197
2137:Malurus splendens
2074:978-0-646-42798-0
1966:10.1071/MU948158f
1830:, pp. 61–62.
1720:Malurus splendens
1648:(11): 1471–1478.
1599:Malurus splendens
1556:978-0-670-90478-5
1474:978-0-7018-1051-1
1421:ABC – 7:30 Report
1263:(1488): 295–308.
1164:978-0-304-52257-6
1060:, pp. 74–75.
983:Malurus splendens
939:) also recorded.
937:Chalcites lucidus
929:Chalcites basalis
863:, South Australia
648:sexual dimorphism
597:
575:black-backed wren
572:
555:and the southern
543:. It is found in
526:
366:King George Sound
319:sexual dimorphism
309:and southwestern
299:Western Australia
291:Australasian wren
282:Malurus splendens
273:
272:
267:
260:
213:Malurus splendens
195:M. splendens
97:
18:Malurus splendens
16:(Redirected from
3080:
3026:
3025:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2973:
2961:
2960:
2948:
2947:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2909:
2908:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2787:
2751:Eyrean grasswren
2705:
2653:
2593:Superb fairywren
2568:Lovely fairywren
2502:
2495:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2414:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2338:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2180:Animal Behaviour
2171:
2165:
2164:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2027:(6): 1360–1366.
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:10.1071/MU954135
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1730:(1–2): 108–127.
1715:
1709:
1708:
1685:Animal Behaviour
1680:
1674:
1673:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1460:
1449:
1444:Schodde, R. and
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1412:
1406:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1006:
976:
909:or a species of
906:Acacia pulchella
682:while brooding.
614:white-shouldered
588:
585:M. s. emmottorum
570:
521:
508:banded blue wren
488:Banded fairywren
337:superb fairywren
266:
259:
237:
215:
112:
111:
91:
86:
85:
62:
44:
32:
21:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3021:
3016:
3008:
3005:Observation.org
3003:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2876:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2794:
2784:
2775:
2766:Dusky grasswren
2726:Black grasswren
2683:
2674:Mallee emu-wren
2640:
2622:
2545:
2518:
2484:
2477:
2421:
2411:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2217:of Australia".
2212:
2211:
2207:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1642:Vision Research
1639:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1118:
1114:
1106:10.1071/ZO96068
1097:10.1.1.694.5285
1081:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1009:
1007:
978:
977:
973:
969:
957:
945:
897:
838:
802:shrike-thrushes
742:their territory
731:Lake Cargelligo
719:
688:
641:
630:
609:Richard Schodde
605:
567:M. s. melanotus
553:South Australia
533:Gregory Mathews
518:M. s. callainus
492:M. s. splendens
477:
465:, SW Queensland
461:
451:
428:the honeyeaters
345:
307:New South Wales
228:
217:
211:
198:
106:
98:
87:
83:
76:
51:New South Wales
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3014:
3001:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2949:
2936:
2923:
2910:
2897:
2884:
2874:
2861:
2848:
2835:
2820:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:Grey grasswren
2717:
2715:
2702:
2699:Amytornithinae
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2499:
2498:Tribe Malurini
2492:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2419:External links
2417:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2371:Stamp Bulletin
2354:
2341:Stamp Bulletin
2324:
2312:
2300:
2293:
2275:
2260:
2225:(4): 829–837.
2205:
2166:
2147:(4): 197–221.
2127:
2114:10.1071/MU9831
2080:
2073:
2055:
2053:, p. 154.
2040:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1934:
1899:
1897:, p. 121.
1887:
1875:
1832:
1820:
1818:, p. 153.
1801:
1789:
1777:
1775:, p. 134.
1765:
1763:, p. 137.
1753:
1751:, p. 151.
1741:
1710:
1691:(5): 1341–51.
1675:
1632:
1620:
1586:
1584:, p. 149.
1574:
1562:
1555:
1534:
1480:
1473:
1450:
1437:
1407:
1390:
1381:
1351:
1292:
1243:
1224:
1206:
1188:
1170:
1163:
1145:
1129:
1112:
1090:(2): 113–129.
1074:
1072:, p. 143.
1062:
1047:
1036:(6): 907–915.
1017:
970:
968:
965:
961:Australia Post
956:
953:
944:
941:
896:
893:
837:
834:
718:
715:
699:) are largely
687:
684:
629:
626:
604:
601:
600:
599:
582:
560:
541:turquoise wren
511:
450:
447:
372:by the French
344:
341:
271:
270:
269:
268:
261:
251:
250:
244:
243:
239:
238:
230:
229:
218:
207:
206:
200:
199:
192:
190:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
100:
99:
81:
78:
77:
72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3085:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3036:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:Chenorhamphus
2521:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2439:Meliphagoidea
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2322:, p. 53.
2321:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:(3): 519–39.
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:(2): 95–108.
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2005:, p. 79.
2004:
1999:
1996:
1993:, p. 75.
1992:
1987:
1984:
1981:, p. 76.
1980:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:(2): 163–64.
1951:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:(2): 135–40.
1914:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1885:, p. 99.
1884:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:(5): 614–27.
1847:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1799:, p. 41.
1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:, p. 42.
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1630:, p. 44.
1629:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1609:(3): 228–67.
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1572:, p. 45.
1571:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1427:on 2008-04-20
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1236:. Melbourne:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
986:
984:
975:
972:
966:
964:
962:
954:
952:
950:
949:insectivorous
942:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
918:
914:
913:
908:
907:
902:
894:
892:
889:
888:
882:
879:
875:
872:and sexually
871:
862:
861:Gawler Ranges
858:
853:
849:
847:
843:
835:
833:
831:
830:Rattus rattus
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:Vulpes vulpes
811:
807:
806:Colluricincla
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
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436:Meliphagoidea
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289:bird in the
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53:, Australia
29:
2940:iNaturalist
2824:Wikispecies
1520:10852/65203
1446:Mason, I.J.
1374:26 November
1360:Gill, Frank
1010:19 November
901:spider webs
874:promiscuous
822:Felis catus
751:promiscuous
725:Subspecies
660:ultraviolet
636:Subspecies
628:Description
571:Gould, 1841
504:banded wren
457:Male, ssp.
374:naturalists
330:promiscuous
3042:Categories
3018:Xeno-canto
2697:Subfamily
2659:Stipiturus
2630:Clytomyias
2399:. Oxford:
2389:Cited text
2272:(2): 1–67.
1497:: 516–29.
1431:2007-12-09
1143::pp106–107
967:References
917:fecal sacs
870:monogamous
782:currawongs
747:monogamous
652:iridescent
579:Queensland
475:emmettorum
463:Cunnamulla
459:emmettorum
449:Subspecies
385:John Gould
355:New Guinea
326:monogamous
311:Queensland
2711:Amytornis
2508:Sipodotus
2481:Maluridae
2443:Maluridae
2377:6 October
2373:(252): 16
2347:6 October
1724:Behaviour
1215:Sharpe RB
1197:Sharpe RB
1179:Sharpe RB
1092:CiteSeerX
857:callainus
836:Courtship
826:black rat
770:Cracticus
727:melanotus
705:musgravei
701:sedentary
697:melanotus
693:splendens
638:splendens
594:Mason, IJ
537:Lake Eyre
535:from the
529:musgravei
420:Sylviidae
404:splendens
303:blue wren
287:passerine
189:Species:
171:Maluridae
127:Kingdom:
121:Eukaryota
2984:22703740
2958:10216344
2857:22703740
2852:BirdLife
2809:Wikidata
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2247:11972768
2200:53163691
2122:86387300
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1670:38220252
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895:Breeding
846:seahorse
840:Several
786:Strepera
664:spectrum
656:barbules
248:Synonyms
167:Family:
141:Chordata
137:Phylum:
131:Animalia
117:Domain:
94:IUCN 3.1
3053:Malurus
2919:2487511
2906:splfai1
2880:splfai1
2815:Q850528
2553:Malurus
2483:species
2479:Extant
2334:"Birds"
2227:Bibcode
2149:Bibcode
2102:Bibcode
1954:Bibcode
1917:Bibcode
1850:Bibcode
1662:8023459
1499:Bibcode
1314:Bibcode
1278:1690884
943:Feeding
810:red fox
800:spp.),
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676:Cuckoos
640:female,
590:Schodde
500:Gaimard
397:Malurus
350:Malurus
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177:Genus:
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2367:(PDF)
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2251:S2CID
2196:S2CID
2118:S2CID
1866:JSTOR
1701:S2CID
1666:S2CID
912:Hakea
790:crows
710:Pinus
545:mulga
523:Gould
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401:Latin
2992:NCBI
2979:IUCN
2966:ITIS
2914:GBIF
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1376:2017
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680:purr
672:tsit
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496:Quoy
408:wren
379:and
315:arid
275:The
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151:Aves
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2888:CoL
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