1161:(EU) in 1986; EU regulations required that any wine bearing the name "Malmsey" contain at least 85% Malvasia grapes. Even further confusion results from the fact that vintage-dated Malmseys are often labeled "Malvasia" or "Malvazia", probably because the relatively rare vintage Malvasias were always made with Malvasia grapes even when most non-vintage "Malmsey" came from lesser varieties. Some companies occasionally use the name "Malvasia" or "Malvazia" for non-vintage Madeiras, especially those primarily marketed to Portuguese-speaking countries.
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1209:
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1002:, south-west Spain, but this variety is genetically distinct from the true Malvasias of Malvasi di Lipari (under the Spanish name Malvasía Rosada) and Malvasía de Lanzarote grown in Canary Islands. Malvasía de Lanzarote is a white variety from the Canary Islands, that may be a natural cross between Mavasi di Lipari and Marmajuelo.
825:
is the source of the majority of plantings of
Malvasia di Candia, a distinct sub-variety of Malvasia that is not part of the Malvasia bianca branch of the grape family. It is most often used for blending with the related Malvasia Puntinata and Malvasia di Lazio being more highly prized due to their
1144:, though this is also sometimes called "Malvasia" or "Malvazia". Further confusion results from the fact that, in the past, the term "Malmsey" referred to any very sweet Madeira wine, regardless of the grape variety involved. This resulted from the devastation of Madeiran vineyards by
698:, lack of interest in the consumer market led to a sharp decline in plantings, with many varieties going to the verge of extinction. Today only a few dedicated producers are still making these Malvasia dessert wines from local varieties including the Malvasia di Grottaferrata in
541:. Nevertheless, it is also used in the preparation of various meat dishes, such as duck breast with raisins or pig's trotters. Its unusual bouquet is the result of various factors: proximity to the sea, a late harvest and the considerable alcohol content and acidity of the wine.
198:
made from the
Malvasia grape. Grape varieties in this family include Malvasia bianca, Malvasia di Schierano, Malvasia negra, Malvasia nera, Malvasia nera di Brindisi, Malvasia di Candia aromatica, Malvasia odorosissima, and a number of other varieties.
1139:
In the past, the names "Malvasia" and "Malmsey" occurred interchangeably. As of 2014, however, "Malvasia" generally refers to unfortified white table or dessert wines produced from this grape, while "Malmsey" refers to a sweet variety of
1086:
Given the broad expanse of the
Malvasia family, generalizations about the Malvasia wine are difficult to pinpoint. Most varieties of Malvasia are derived from Malvasia bianca which is characterized by its deep color, noted
1148:
in the late 19th century, which greatly reduced the production of
Malvasia and other "noble grape" varieties on Madeira for the next century. As a result, most non-vintage-dated "Malmsey" was made from the widely grown
752:
While most varieties of
Malvasia produce white wine, Malvasia nera is a red wine variety that in Italy is used primarily as a blending grape, being valued for the dark color and aromatic qualities it can add to a wine.
1571:
Troll, Valentin R.; Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Jägerup, Beatrice; Streng, Michael; Barker, Abigail K.; Deegan, Frances M.; Perez-Torrado, Francisco; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Alejandro; Geiger, Harri (2017).
1172:. Following his conviction for treason, he was "privately executed" at the Tower on 18 February 1478, by tradition in the Bowyer Tower, and soon after the event, the rumour gained ground that he was
1066:
characteristics of the family. Malvasia tends to prefer dry climates with vineyards planted on sloping terrain of well-drained soils. In damp conditions, the vine can be prone to developing various
1046:
grape that may be related to
Malvasia. Other synonyms for the various sub-varieties of Malvasia include Uva Greca, Rojal, Subirat, Blanquirroja, Blancarroga, Tobia, Cagazal and Blanca-Rioja.
886:
Malvasia
Candida (different from the variety known as Malvasia di Candia) has been historically grown on the island of Madeira being used to produce the sweetest style of Madeira wine known
656:
peninsula, which takes in parts of
Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy (see also Croatian and Slovene varieties). The vine was introduced into the area by Venetian merchants who brought
1739:
Jonathan Harris, "More
Malmsey, your grace? The export of Greek wine to England in the Later Middle Ages", in Eat, Drink and be Merry (Luke 12:19 ) – Food and Wine in Byzantium:
535:
and its surroundings. The grape must, once fermented, gives way to a fragrant, sweet drink with a high alcohol content which is usually drunk after celebrations and after the
441:(white malmsey of Crete), from its reputed origin in that area. The Monemvasia grape was long thought to be ancestral to the western European Malvasia varieties, but recent
978:. It is also grown in Italy and Croatia (see Italian and Croatian varieties). The vine was introduced to the area in the 14th century by Venetian merchants who brought
858:
In 2004, there was nearly 18,533 acres (7500 ha) of
Malvasia Fina grown in Portugal where it is also known as Boal (though it is most likely not related to the grape
789:
has been supplanting Malvasia nera in Tuscany in both planting and in use as a blending partner with Sangiovese. Other regions growing Malvasia nera include the
757:
is the only significant region to make this varietal Malvasia nera, with two DOC zones covering less than 250 acres (100 hectares): Malvasia di Casorzo and
1095:. The red varieties of Malvasia tend to make wines with pale, pinkish to light red color. In their youth, Malvasia wines are characterized by their heavy
1165:
433:
Both Monemvasia and Candia have lent their names to modern grape varieties. In Greece there is a variety known as Monemvasia, evidently named after
406:
1389:
2730:
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Malvasía Rosada is a red grape variety that is a colour mutation of Malvasi di Lipari / Malvasía de Sitges, and grown on the Canary Islands.
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1436:
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Vasile Simone, Giuseppe; Montevecchi, Giuseppe; Masino, Francesca; Imazio, Serena Anna; Bignami, Cristina; Antonelli, Andrea (2018).
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which is a distinctly different sub-variety of Malvasia. Malvasia bianca is grown widely throughout the world in places like Italy;
694:
style dessert wines made from the Malvasia grape were held in high esteem and considered among Italy's finest wines. Following the
581:
shared between Croatia, Slovenia and Italy (see also Slovene and Italian varieties). It represents one of the main white wines of
445:
does not suggest a close relationship between Monemvasia and any Malvasia varieties. DNA analysis does, however, suggest that the
2876:
528:
and other attacks, its cultivation now is much diminished, but the wines produced with it are still highly appreciated globally.
426:
1119:, the wines tend to take on more nutty aromas and flavors though many Malvasia have a short life span of only a few years after
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that is often described as "round" or "fat" and soft texture in the mouth. Common aroma notes associated with Malvasia include
545:
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132:
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from Greece. Over matured grapes give a dessert wine with non-fermented sugars and high alcohol level (around 12%) called
2761:
1485:
1034:. Despite its similar-sounding name, the French grape varieties (it is a widely used synonym) referred to variously as "
1708:
1350:
1115:
notes. Fortified Malvasia, such as Madeira, are noted for their intense smokey notes and sharp acidity. As Malvasia
725:
Since the 1980s, dessert wines made from the Malvasia delle Lipari variety has seen a resurgence in interest on the
2681:
2648:
2477:
1716:
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acknowledges its name, value and origin. It was widely grown and exported since medieval times until the advent of
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2771:
2661:
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Most varieties of Malvasia are closely related to Malvasia bianca. One notable exception is the variety known as
1234:"Aromatic Characterisation of Malvasia Odorosissima Grapevines and Comparison with Malvasia di Candia Aromatica"
2871:
2766:
2545:
2487:
2416:
2308:
1909:
1892:
1189:
842:, there are no fewer than 12 varieties known as "Malvasia". They may or may not be related to true Malvasia.
1018:
The name Malvasia Fina is for a Portuguese variety that goes under the synonyms Gual and Torrontés in Spain.
2656:
2029:
1865:
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2836:
2519:
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1887:
1173:
849:
A Malmsey Madeira made from the white Malvasia Candida grape. The dark color comes from the aging process.
437:, though now grown primarily in the Cyclades. In western Europe, a common variety of Malvasia is known as
910:
production which may be related to the Malvasia family. In Portugal, Malvasia Rei is grown in the Douro,
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2846:
2831:
2457:
2226:
1870:
1511:
1386:
511:
413:, his private execution (1478) consisted of being "drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine", as dramatized in
223:
1741:
Papers of the 37th Annual Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, in Honour of Professor A. A. M. Bryer
2108:
1860:
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With recorded presence in Catalonia since early 14th century. Legend has it that a soldier from the
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2638:
2538:
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1026:
The various varieties of Malvasia are known under a wide range of synonyms including Malvasier in
485:
to add flavor and texture to the wine. In Rioja, it performs a similar function when blended with
2676:
2181:
1608:
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470:
417:
52:
1433:
366:, the Venetians became so prolific in the trading of Malvasia wine that merchant wine-shops in
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believe that the Malvasia family of grapes are of ancient origin, most likely originating in
2795:
2503:
2421:
2348:
2211:
2113:
1592:
1572:
1540:
Wine Grapes – A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours
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38:
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While differences among the many sub-varieties of Malvasia exist, there are some common
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which is used to produce the Boal style of Madeira). Malvasia Fina is found in the
695:
442:
410:
219:
195:
2231:
1038:" are not related to Malvasia. The one possible exception may be the Malvoisie of
607:
569:
449:
wine grape (a variety widely planted throughout Greece) is ancestral to Malvasia.
30:"Malmsey" redirects here. For the Hungarian wine grape also known as Malmsey, see
1709:"George Plantagenet, duke of Clarence (English noble) -- Encyclopædia Britannica"
1363:
The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century
310:
of the same name, or are sometimes used as part of a blend of grapes, such as in
2800:
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2714:
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207:
44:"Subirat" redirects here. For the Catalan wine grape also known as Subirat, see
37:"Cagazal" redirects here. For the Spanish wine grape also known as Cagazal, see
1410:
942:
Malvasia da Trincheira is a synonym used in the Douro for the white Port grape
17:
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and rot. The rootstock is moderately vigorous and capable of producing high
1035:
714:
482:
466:
379:
347:
311:
302:. These grapes are used to produce white (and more rarely red) table wines,
190:
have been used interchangeably for Malvasia-based wines; however, in modern
1743:, ed. Leslie Brubaker and Kallirroe Linardou, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2007.
1347:
805:. Malvasia nera wines are often noted for their rich chocolate notes with
713:
Malvasia and Trebbiano grapes going through the drying process to produce
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2313:
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777:, while in the 1970s & 1980s, it was a frequent blending partner of
585:. The vine was introduced to the area by Venetian merchants who brought
2781:
2587:
2338:
2191:
2166:
2093:
1942:
1829:
1748:
1250:
1233:
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English historical tradition associates Malmsey wine with the death of
1120:
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31:
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2709:
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2221:
2216:
1486:"La malvasia de Sitges i la seva increïble història de supervivència"
1071:
1031:
907:
762:
736:
notes, this Sicilian wine saw its peak of popularity just before the
653:
578:
532:
525:
462:
446:
386:
374:. The occasional claim that the name might come from the district of
367:
299:
263:
255:
239:
235:
231:
203:
186:
regions of the world. In the past, the names Malvasia, Malvazia, and
125:
632:
Malvasia Bianca di Candia is Italy's most widely planted Malvasia.
425:
930:
used in the Douro for an obscure white wine grape variety known as
2246:
2201:
2171:
1824:
1130:
1100:
1053:
844:
818:
770:
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684:
Malvasia di Grottaferrata, Malvasia di Bosa, Malvasia di Planargia
568:
486:
478:
474:
424:
335:
321:
215:
194:, "Malmsey" is now used almost exclusively for a sweet variety of
67:
45:
1798:
1754:
878:
where it is grown on vineyard land located at high elevations.
859:
160:
2534:
1771:
1752:
510:
brought a stem of malvasia from eastern Mediterranean. But the
326:
A map of the island fortress of Monemvasia in the 17th century
2530:
573:
Bottles of Malvazija istarska (Istrian Malvasia) quality wine
1329:, Third Edition, pp. 423–424. Oxford University Press 2006
958:(Italian Malvasia Istriana and Croatian Malvazija Istarska)
481:. Throughout central Italy, Malvasia is often blended with
1111:. Red Malvasia wines are characterized by a richness and
966:
the malvasia grape is grown in Koper area, especially on
866:
where it is a permitted grape in the production of white
813:
Malvasia di Candia, Malvasia Puntinata, Malvasia di Lazio
1434:
Chief Varieties Employed in the Production of White Wine
544:
Malvasia de Sitges is an authorised vine variety in the
1767:
385:
Malmsey was one of the three major wines exported from
702:
and the Malvasia di Bosa and Malvasia di Planargia in
342:. The name "Malvasia" comes from the Italian name for
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
732:
off the north east coast of Sicily. With distinctive
531:
This variety is now only grown in the countryside of
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
660:
from Greece. Malvasia Istriana is also found in the
469:, with the renowned variety Malvasia de Sitges; the
2739:
2723:
2695:
2647:
2629:
2596:
2568:
2435:
2397:
2292:
2269:
2152:
2039:
2027:
1920:
1848:
1805:
577:Malvazija Istarska got the name after peninsula of
131:
121:
113:
101:
93:
60:
1238:South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture
1157:varieties. This changed when Portugal entered the
934:that may or may not be related to true Malvasia.
688:In the 19th century and early 20th century, sweet
1573:"Volcanic particles in agriculture and gardening"
986:(Slovene and Croatian: sladka/slatka malvazija).
946:that may or may not be related to true Malvasia.
1624:
1622:
1534:
1532:
740:, when more than 2.6 million gallons (100,000
2546:
1783:
1411:"'Greek' grape varieties in Italy not Greek?"
583:Croatian Istria and the north Dalmatian coast
8:
1042:that ampelographers believe is actually the
994:In Spain the Malvasía name is a synonym for
1538:J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz:
830:and tendency to produce less flabby wines.
597:. It is the main white wine in the region.
2553:
2539:
2531:
2036:
1790:
1776:
1768:
1749:
1348:"Monemvasia, seventh--fifteenth centuries"
615:etc.) is identical to the Italian variety
82:
57:
1259:
1249:
1166:George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
407:George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
2731:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1276:""Malvasia" Epicurious wine dictionary"
1221:
473:of California; or the Greek Islands of
1559:Croatian Tourist Board – Buje oneology
382:, is not taken seriously by scholars.
1227:
1225:
955:Istrska Malvazija or simply Malvazija
150:
7:
589:from Greece. The malvasia is called
1467:, pp. 120–122. Harcourt Books 2001
898:Malvasia Rei is believed to be the
640:In Italy this wine is grown in the
346:, a medieval and early Renaissance
1195:List of Portuguese grape varieties
25:
1815:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1369:Research Library and Collection.
759:Malvasia di Castelnuovo Don Bosco
2794:
2502:
1632:, p. 196. Mitchell Beazley 1986
1207:
453:Grape varieties and wine regions
202:Malvasia wines are produced in
182:, but now grown in many of the
1698:Eyre Methuen Ltd. 1974 p. 243.
1327:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1:
2882:Crops originating from Europe
2757:Glossary of viticulture terms
998:, a white grape variety from
2762:Glossary of winemaking terms
1030:, Malvazija and Malvazia in
1561:, accessed 7 February 2011.
1135:A bottle of Malmsey Madeira
1058:Malvasia grapes on the vine
668:, where it is used to make
401:). It is alleged that when
393:. (For other examples, see
358:and perhaps in some of the
88:Malvasia grapes on the vine
2908:
2827:White wine grape varieties
2682:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1492:(in Catalan). 18 July 2021
1409:Robinson, Jancis. (2002).
870:. It is also found in the
744:) were produced annually.
652:. The name comes from the
166:grown historically in the
50:
43:
36:
29:
2842:Grape varieties of Greece
2790:
2772:History of the wine press
2662:Sparkling wine production
2496:
1765:
1630:Vines, Grapes & Wines
1346:Kalligas, Haris. (2002).
1091:and the presence of some
628:Malvasia Bianca di Candia
439:Malvasia Bianca di Candia
350:fortress on the coast of
137:Mediterranean, California
81:
65:
2887:Grape varieties of Spain
2767:Wine tasting descriptors
2488:Wine tasting descriptors
2417:Phenolic content in wine
2309:Alternative wine closure
1893:Great French Wine Blight
1190:List of Port wine grapes
2877:Wine grapes of Slovenia
2657:Malolactic fermentation
1717:Encyclopædia Britannica
1649:Liddell, Alex. (1998).
1416:20 October 2008 at the
405:convicted his brother,
2862:Wine grapes of Croatia
1512:"Sitges Malvasia wine"
1465:Encyclopedia of Grapes
1439:13 August 2010 at the
1377:, p. 890, footnote 36.
1136:
1078:if not kept in check.
1059:
938:Malvasia da Trincheira
850:
717:
574:
430:
327:
2458:Wine and food pairing
1134:
1057:
926:Malvasia Corada is a
848:
721:Malvasia delle Lipari
712:
642:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
572:
428:
325:
224:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
51:For the surname, see
27:Variety of wine grape
2857:Wine grapes of Italy
2109:Muscat of Alexandria
1353:6 March 2005 at the
1170:Edward IV of England
834:Portuguese varieties
403:Edward IV of England
168:Mediterranean region
152:[malvaˈziːa]
2687:Yeast in winemaking
2639:Carbonic maceration
1589:2017GeolT..33..148T
1445:Greekwinemakers.com
1398:Greekwinemakers.com
1392:11 May 2006 at the
809:and floral aromas.
785:. In recent times,
773:it is blended with
738:phylloxera epidemic
506:fleet commanded by
94:Color of berry skin
2677:Traditional method
2478:Wine personalities
2182:Cabernet Sauvignon
1365:. Washington, DC:
1359:Laiou, Angeliki E.
1325:J. Robinson (ed):
1282:on 31 August 2005.
1251:10.21548/39-1-2458
1168:, brother of King
1137:
1060:
851:
787:Cabernet Sauvignon
718:
575:
565:Malvazija Istarska
560:Croatian varieties
498:Malvasia de Sitges
471:San Joaquin Valley
459:Malvasia di Candia
431:
328:
178:and the island of
53:Malvasia (surname)
2814:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2578:Late harvest wine
2528:
2527:
2265:
2264:
2162:Alicante Bouschet
1910:Judgment of Paris
1628:Robinson, Jancis
1597:10.1111/gto.12193
1547:978-1-846-14446-2
1516:www.catalunya.com
1422:JacisRobinson.com
1180:of Malmsey wine.
990:Spanish varieties
672:known locally as
636:Malvasia Istriana
623:Italian varieties
524:. Being prone to
272:Iberian Peninsula
155:), also known as
141:
140:
16:(Redirected from
2899:
2892:Wine of Sardinia
2799:
2798:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2507:
2506:
2422:Proteins in wine
2089:Grüner Veltliner
2037:
1792:
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1522:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1482:
1476:
1461:
1448:
1431:
1425:
1407:
1401:
1384:
1378:
1344:
1338:
1323:
1284:
1283:
1278:. Archived from
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1253:
1229:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1151:Tinta Negra Mole
964:Slovenian Istria
882:Malvasia Candida
696:Second World War
662:Colli Piacentini
278:, the island of
172:Balearic Islands
159:, is a group of
154:
149:
86:
75:
70:
58:
21:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2872:Slovenian wines
2817:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2801:Wine portal
2793:
2786:
2777:History of wine
2735:
2719:
2691:
2643:
2625:
2606:Deacidification
2592:
2564:
2559:
2529:
2524:
2509:Wine portal
2501:
2492:
2431:
2393:
2298:
2288:
2261:
2148:
2129:Sauvignon blanc
2064:Cayetana blanca
2032:
2030:grape varieties
2023:
1916:
1844:
1801:
1796:
1761:
1736:
1734:Further reading
1731:
1721:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1648:
1644:
1627:
1620:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1537:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1462:
1451:
1441:Wayback Machine
1432:
1428:
1418:Wayback Machine
1408:
1404:
1394:Wayback Machine
1385:
1381:
1355:Wayback Machine
1345:
1341:
1324:
1287:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1186:
1129:
1084:
1052:
1024:
1022:Common synonyms
1006:Malvasía Rosada
992:
952:
950:Slovene variety
922:Malvasia Corada
836:
730:Aeolian Islands
625:
611:(also known as
562:
500:
495:
493:Catalan variety
455:
429:Malvasia grapes
380:Iraklion, Crete
320:
308:fortified wines
164:grape varieties
147:
133:Notable regions
89:
73:
66:
56:
49:
42:
39:Cayetana blanca
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Malvasia Bianca
15:
12:
11:
5:
2905:
2903:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Sugars in wine
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2616:Chaptalization
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:Classification
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2427:Sugars in wine
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2399:Wine chemistry
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Wine dispenser
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Cabernet Franc
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2144:Welschriesling
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Müller-Thurgau
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Ancient Greece
1863:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1713:britannica.com
1700:
1694:Ross, Charles
1687:
1642:
1618:
1583:(4): 148–154.
1563:
1551:
1528:
1503:
1490:ElNacional.cat
1477:
1449:
1426:
1402:
1379:
1367:Dumbarton Oaks
1339:
1285:
1267:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1159:European Union
1128:
1125:
1109:white currants
1093:residual sugar
1083:
1080:
1068:grape diseases
1051:
1048:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1007:
991:
988:
984:sweet malvasia
974:, Kortina and
960:
959:
956:
951:
948:
940:
939:
924:
923:
896:
895:
884:
883:
856:
855:
835:
832:
815:
814:
750:
749:
723:
722:
686:
685:
670:sparkling wine
638:
637:
630:
629:
624:
621:
617:Malvasia Lunga
605:The Dalmatian
603:
602:
567:
566:
561:
558:
518:Ramon Muntaner
499:
496:
494:
491:
454:
451:
391:medieval times
370:were known as
332:ampelographers
319:
316:
276:Canary Islands
244:Emilia-Romagna
176:Canary Islands
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:Vitis vinifera
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
79:
78:
63:
62:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2904:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Croatian wine
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Medieval wine
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Acids in wine
2410:
2408:
2407:Aroma of wine
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2271:Major regions
2268:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Montepulciano
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:1-84000-813-X
1680:
1676:
1675:0-571-19096-0
1672:
1669:(hardcover),
1668:
1667:0-571-19659-4
1664:
1660:
1659:0-571-19097-9
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:1-85732-999-6
1635:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:Geology Today
1574:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:0-15-100714-4
1470:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:0-88402-288-9
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:0-19-860990-6
1332:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:11380/1163625
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1153:or even from
1152:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1014:Malvasia Fina
1013:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1001:
997:
989:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
957:
954:
953:
949:
947:
945:
937:
936:
935:
933:
929:
921:
920:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
893:
892:
891:
889:
881:
880:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
854:Malvasia Fina
853:
852:
847:
843:
841:
833:
831:
829:
824:
820:
812:
811:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
748:Malvasia nera
747:
746:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
720:
719:
716:
711:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:
683:
682:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
635:
634:
633:
627:
626:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
609:
600:
599:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
571:
564:
563:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
539:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
508:Roger de Flor
505:
497:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
423:
421:
420:
416:
415:Shakespeare's
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:. During the
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
324:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
304:dessert wines
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
153:
145:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
85:
80:
76:
69:
64:
59:
54:
47:
40:
33:
19:
2852:Spanish wine
2847:Italian wine
2832:Madeira wine
2792:
2649:Fermentation
2500:
2483:Wine tasting
2104:Muscat blanc
2074:Chenin blanc
1871:Ancient Rome
1746:
1740:
1720:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1685:(paperback).
1650:
1645:
1629:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1554:
1539:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1489:
1480:
1464:
1444:
1429:
1421:
1405:
1397:
1382:
1362:
1342:
1326:
1280:the original
1270:
1244:(1): 77–88.
1241:
1237:
1163:
1142:Madeira wine
1138:
1085:
1064:viticultural
1061:
1025:
1017:
1009:
993:
983:
961:
941:
925:
897:
894:Malvasia Rei
885:
857:
837:
816:
797:, Sardinia,
751:
724:
689:
687:
673:
639:
631:
616:
612:
606:
604:
590:
576:
543:
536:
530:
512:
501:
458:
456:
443:DNA analysis
438:
432:
418:
411:high treason
384:
371:
329:
206:(regions of
201:
196:Madeira wine
187:
156:
143:
142:
105:
72:
2752:Wine bottle
2724:Other steps
2715:Wine cellar
2672:Süssreserve
2364:Wine cellar
2354:Wine bottle
2295:accessories
2293:Packaging,
2252:Tempranillo
1881:Noah's wine
1861:Phoenicians
1807:Viticulture
1215:Wine portal
1050:Viticulture
1000:Extremadura
968:Debeli Rtič
807:black plums
765:regions of
742:hectoliters
676:or "little
674:champagnino
419:Richard III
399:Cretan wine
395:Rumney wine
364:Middle Ages
356:Peloponnese
262:(including
254:(including
222:(including
208:Peloponnese
114:Also called
2821:Categories
2631:Maceration
2621:Wine press
2611:Destemming
2562:Winemaking
2468:Wine fraud
2463:Wine fault
2448:Oenophilia
2384:Wine label
2379:Wine glass
2344:Port tongs
2242:Sangiovese
2237:Pinot noir
2197:Douce noir
2124:Rkatsiteli
2069:Chardonnay
2059:Catarratto
2033:by acreage
2007:Biodynamic
1970:Aromatized
1759:winemaking
1722:20 January
1463:Oz Clarke
1387:Monemvasia
1201:References
1146:phylloxera
1044:Vermentino
821:region of
799:Basilicata
795:Alto Adige
793:region of
779:Sangiovese
775:Negroamaro
664:region of
650:Isonzo DOC
646:Collio DOC
644:region in
522:phylloxera
516:(1325) by
504:Almogàvers
344:Monemvasia
292:New Mexico
284:California
184:winemaking
2583:Noble rot
2473:Winemaker
2453:Sommelier
2389:Wine rack
2369:Wine cork
2359:Wine cave
2349:Screw cap
2319:Corkscrew
2284:New World
2279:Old World
2257:Zinfandel
2232:Mourvèdre
2139:Trebbiano
2079:Colombard
1980:Noble rot
1960:Fortified
1938:Sparkling
1905:New World
1696:Edward IV
1613:133877260
1605:1365-2451
1521:15 August
1496:15 August
1155:fox grape
1113:chocolate
1036:Malvoisie
918:region.
902:grown in
761:. In the
715:Vin Santo
678:Champagne
608:Maraština
591:malvazija
554:Catalunya
538:xatonadas
513:Chronicle
483:Trebbiano
467:Catalonia
348:Byzantine
312:Vin Santo
296:Australia
228:Lombardia
2598:Pressing
2520:Glossary
2436:Industry
2329:Jug wine
2324:Decanter
2314:Box wine
2212:Isabella
2207:Grenache
2187:Carignan
2134:Sémillon
2119:Riesling
2114:Palomino
1857:Ancient
1840:Vineyard
1835:Veraison
1820:Oenology
1437:Archived
1414:Archived
1390:Archived
1351:Archived
1184:See also
1105:apricots
1070:such as
980:cuttings
944:Folgasão
900:Palomino
874:and the
840:Portugal
823:Frascati
803:Calabria
767:Brindisi
755:Piedmont
727:volcanic
704:Sardinia
658:cuttings
595:Croatian
587:cuttings
435:the port
376:Malevizi
372:malvasie
360:Cyclades
252:Slovenia
248:Sardinia
212:Cyclades
192:oenology
157:Malvazia
148:Italian:
144:Malvasia
117:Malvazia
61:Malvasia
2782:Terroir
2740:Related
2588:Vintage
2570:Harvest
2515:Outline
2339:Muselet
2301:storage
2192:Cinsaut
2167:Barbera
2094:Macabeo
2054:Aligoté
2012:Organic
2002:Natural
1955:Dessert
1900:Georgia
1850:History
1830:Terroir
1825:Species
1651:Madeira
1585:Bibcode
1174:drowned
1127:Malmsey
1121:vintage
1101:peaches
1040:Corsica
1028:Germany
996:Alarije
972:Škocjan
928:synonym
888:Malmsey
876:Dão DOC
828:acidity
826:higher
791:Bolzano
783:Tuscany
763:Apulian
691:passito
613:Rukatac
550:Penedès
378:, near
352:Laconia
318:History
288:Arizona
280:Madeira
268:Corsica
260:Croatia
188:Malmsey
180:Madeira
102:Species
32:Furmint
2747:Winery
2710:Solera
2334:Kvevri
2222:Merlot
2217:Malbec
2017:Kosher
1993:Other
1948:Orange
1921:Styles
1888:France
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1636:
1611:
1603:
1545:
1471:
1373:
1361:(ed).
1357:. In:
1333:
1089:aromas
1076:yields
1072:mildew
1032:Istria
916:Lisboa
912:Beiras
908:Sherry
734:orange
666:Emilia
654:Istria
579:Istria
533:Sitges
526:mildew
463:Sitges
447:Athiri
387:Greece
368:Venice
340:Greece
306:, and
300:Brazil
274:, the
270:, the
264:Istria
256:Istria
246:, and
240:Lipari
236:Sicily
232:Apulia
204:Greece
126:Greece
122:Origin
2697:Aging
2247:Syrah
2202:Gamay
2172:Bobal
2084:Glera
2049:Airén
2041:White
1997:Table
1985:Straw
1975:Fruit
1933:White
1876:China
1755:Wines
1609:S2CID
1176:in a
1082:Wines
976:Labor
932:Vital
904:Spain
864:Douro
819:Lazio
771:Lecce
700:Lazio
601:Other
487:Viura
479:Syros
475:Paros
409:, of
336:Crete
330:Most
220:Italy
216:Crete
97:White
74:Vitis
68:Grape
46:Viura
2299:and
2028:Top
1943:Rosé
1799:Wine
1757:and
1724:2014
1679:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1601:ISSN
1543:ISBN
1523:2023
1498:2023
1469:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1178:butt
1117:ages
1107:and
1097:body
914:and
906:for
872:Tejo
868:Port
860:Bual
817:The
801:and
769:and
648:and
552:and
546:DOPs
477:and
397:and
298:and
214:and
161:wine
2705:Oak
2154:Red
1965:Ice
1928:Red
1593:doi
1256:hdl
1246:doi
962:In
838:In
781:in
680:".
593:in
548:of
465:in
389:in
266:),
258:),
250:),
218:),
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1531:^
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294:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
242:,
238:,
234:,
230:,
226:,
210:,
174:,
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