29:
235:
A recently published study demonstrates that focal fat pads on the front of human torsos are of mammary ridge origin. Eight pairs of fatty mounds were consistently found running along a curved line from the armpits to the groins in nearly all lean women and men, consistent with the location of the
236:
embryological mammary ridge line. This finding explains why fat on the front of the body is less responsive to diet and exercise than fat elsewhere in most people—because it is actually of breast origin and therefore sensitive more to hormonal influence than caloric intake or burn.
179:
develops. When shortening of the mammary crest is complete, the structure remains prominent in the areas where the mammary glands eventually form. The mammary lines begin to shorten and ectodermal cells begin to divide and grow into the
683:
228:, which explains why male humans have nipples. After initial development of the milk lines they go into remission. Most humans have two nipples, but in some cases
470:
542:
676:
133:, these glands first appear as elevated ridges along the milk lines, which then separate into individual buds located in regions lateral to the
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of the mammary ridge, along the front surface of both sexes. Milk lines appear in the seventh week of embryonic development before human
669:
453:
374:"Newly Identified Gross Human Anatomy: Eight Paired Vestigial Breast Mounds Run along the Embryological Mammary Ridges in Lean Adults"
164:
A mammary ridge, or crest, usually stops growing at eight weeks and its length is regressed starting at the caudal end and extending
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292:"Identification of signaling pathways in early mammary gland development by mouse genetics"
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midline. The location of these buds varies according to species: they are located in the
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Teplica D, Kovich G, Srock J, Whitaker R, Jeffers E, Wagstaff DA (October 2021).
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will develop. These additional nipples usually grow along the milk line.
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separating the expanding ectodermal crest structure and the underlying
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usually remains. The mammary ridge then becomes recognizable in the
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thickening during the first seven weeks of pregnancy and grows
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The mammary ridge is primordial for the mammary glands on the
121:, the mammary ridge usually appears as a narrow, microscopic
16:
Primordium specific for the development of the mammary gland
460:. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from
427:"Development of the Mammary Gland (Mammogenesis)]"
759:
700:
638:
559:
48:
43:
38:
21:
378:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
478:Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia
153:, and along the entire length of the trunk in
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8:
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277:Color Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Histology
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200:. Nipples develop on the milk lines of
469:Howard BA, Gusterson BA (April 2000).
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18:
275:Ernst L, Rucelli ED, Huff DS (2007).
7:
168:, so that what remains is a round,
33:Natural milk lines in the human body
572:Areolar gland (gland of Montgomery)
454:"Comparative Mammary Gland Anatomy"
129:as a narrow, linear ridge. In many
106:in humans, and is associated with
14:
90:specific for the development of
27:
1:
458:Department of Animal Sciences
434:Biology of Lactation 342-460B
343:"Mammary Development - Fetal"
390:10.1097/GOX.0000000000003863
220:form as thickenings of the
818:
471:"Human Breast Development"
60:
26:
490:10.1023/A:1026487120779
347:University of Illinois
296:Breast Cancer Research
226:sexual differentiation
62:Anatomical terminology
749:Dermatomal mesenchyme
345:. Urbana-Champaign:
290:Robinson GW (2004).
208:Milk lines in humans
646:Dense breast tissue
464:on 1 December 2005.
447:on 15 January 2006.
119:human embryogenesis
630:Retromammary space
620:Intermammary cleft
579:Cooper's ligaments
353:on August 15, 2012
112:breast development
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659:
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615:Inframammary fold
438:McGill University
186:basement membrane
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608:Mammary alveolus
601:Terminal end bud
596:Lactiferous duct
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508:. Archived from
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440:. Archived from
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349:. Archived from
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182:mesenchymal cell
68:edit on Wikidata
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55:crista mammaria
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761:Skin appendage
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732:Ectomesenchyme
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584:Tail of Spence
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515:on 2012-03-03.
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309:10.1186/bcr776
302:(3): 105–108.
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196:region in the
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651:Mammary ridge
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484:(2): 119–37.
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384:(10): e3863.
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22:Mammary crest
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727:Neural crest
650:
510:the original
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462:the original
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381:
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355:. Retrieved
351:the original
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299:
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217:
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198:human embryo
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83:
79:
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54:
452:Hurley WL.
341:Hurley WL.
98:Development
44:Identifiers
739:Mesenchyme
257:References
218:milk lines
175:where the
170:ectodermic
141:region in
123:ectodermal
88:primordium
715:Epidermis
560:Structure
251:Lactation
222:epidermis
204:mammals.
184:layer. A
166:cranially
151:ungulates
145:, in the
796:Category
720:Ectoderm
710:Overview
506:10819224
498:11149569
408:34667697
328:15084230
240:See also
194:thoracic
190:mesoderm
149:area in
147:inguinal
143:primates
139:thoracic
127:caudally
399:8517303
202:therian
173:placode
155:rodents
135:ventral
131:mammals
39:Details
774:Growth
744:Dermis
625:Nipple
567:Areola
553:breast
504:
496:
406:
396:
357:May 9,
326:
319:400673
316:
214:humans
177:axilla
639:Other
513:(PDF)
502:S2CID
474:(PDF)
445:(PDF)
430:(PDF)
246:Udder
104:chest
86:is a
66:[
50:Latin
781:Nail
769:Hair
702:Skin
694:skin
494:PMID
404:PMID
359:2012
324:PMID
159:pigs
157:and
110:and
78:The
486:doi
394:PMC
386:doi
314:PMC
304:doi
212:In
117:In
82:or
798::
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265:^
216:,
161:.
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70:]
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