125:, where they lived in the same neighborhood and patronized Filipino restaurants, pool halls, and community spaces. They also formed Filipino community organizations, such as Gran Oriente Filipino Masonic and Caballeros de Dimas-Alang. It was common for the manong generation to live in low-cost,
93:
Following the U.S. annexation of the
Philippines, Filipinos began to emigrate to the United States. In 1903, the first documented group of Filipinos emigrated to the United States. The majority of Filipino immigrants were young, single males, who came to work in agricultural jobs in
106:. Some also worked in factories. The agricultural and factory work tended to be extremely physically demanding, with harsh conditions and low pay. During the agricultural off season, the manong often worked in cities and towns, such as
170:, which removed national origin quotas. This marked the end of the manong generation, as a new generation of Filipino emigrants were able to move to the United States and form families, without the previous legal restrictions.
677:
90:, launched a pacification campaign to win over support from Filipino elites, in 1900. This ultimately helped contribute to the defeat of the Filipino independence forces, and the war officially ended in 1902.
241:
365:
279:
309:
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110:, in primarily service industry and domestic roles, such as cooks, waiters, hotel bellhops, hotel "elevator boys," cleaners, chauffeurs, and house servants.
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121:, it was difficult for many of the manong generation to find partners and start families. For this reason, many chose to create communities, such as
167:
394:
341:
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86:, fought against American forces. The war was brutal, and total of 200,000 Filipino civilians died. Meanwhile, the US government, under
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79:
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71:
74:(April-August 1898) ended Spanish colonial rule in the region, and the Philippines were ceded to the US in the
333:
San
Francisco's International Hotel: Mobilizing the Filipino American Community in the Anti-Eviction Movement
455:
118:
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75:
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386:
586:"A community lost, a movement born: International Hotel evictions still shaping S.F. 40 years later"
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133:, when they were in cities. Many of the manong lived their entire lives as single men.
103:
698:
418:
107:
32:
28:
519:
163:, and some of the earliest meetings of the strike took place at the Filipino Hall.
145:
67:
155:
and farmworker rights movement. For example, Filipino workers took part in the
95:
275:
237:
670:"Grapes Of Wrath: The Forgotten Filipinos Who Led A Farmworker Revolution"
264:"Last of the Manongs: Aging Voices of a Farm-Labor Fight Find an Audience"
166:
In 1965, Filipino immigration to the United States rose again, due to the
614:
302:"Remembering the Manongs and Story of the Filipino Farm Worker Movement"
35:
communities in the United States, and they played a pivotal role in the
36:
99:
40:
643:
557:"United Farm Workers (UFW) Movement: Philip Vera Cruz, Unsung Hero"
136:
In 1934, Filipino emigration closed down due to the passing of the
102:. Many of the immigrants worked in farms and tanneries during the
66:
In 1898, the United States entered a roughly fifty year period of
140:. Furthermore, the act changed the status of the manong from
82:(1899-1902), in which Filipino independence fighters, led by
23:
were the first generation of
Filipino immigrants to arrive
485:"A Brief History of the Republic of the Philippines"
566:. Asian Americans Advancing Justice - Los Angeles.
454:Zong, Jie Zong; Batalova, Jeanne (2018-03-12).
200:Common Destiny: Filipino American Generations
51:means "elder sister"; these are derived from
8:
650:. The International Hotel Senior Housing Inc
456:"Filipino Immigrants in the United States"
151:The manong generation participated in the
117:and immigration restrictions, such as the
16:The first Filipino American immigrant wave
710:Filipino emigrants to the United States
306:National Parks Conservation Association
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14:
364:. U.S. House of Representatives.
573:from the original on 2020-07-13.
300:Arguelles, Dennis (2017-05-25).
70:control in the Philippines. The
47:word for "elder brother," while
31:. They formed some of the first
680:from the original on 2020-07-13
625:from the original on 2020-04-17
596:from the original on 2020-05-20
530:from the original on 2019-03-27
495:from the original on 2019-12-17
466:from the original on 2020-06-19
429:from the original on 2020-06-18
397:from the original on 2020-06-13
368:from the original on 2019-12-19
312:from the original on 2019-10-25
282:from the original on 2018-01-17
244:from the original on 2020-07-13
168:Immigration and Nationality Act
520:"MANILATOWN: Historical Essay"
1:
330:Habal, Estella (2007-06-28).
262:Deparle, Jason (1993-05-11).
358:"The Philippines, 1898–1946"
203:. Rowman & Littlefield.
648:The I-Hotel - San Francisco
590:The San Francisco Chronicle
425:. Office of the Historian.
393:. Office of the Historian.
336:. Temple University Press.
224:M, Susan; el (2003-01-26).
78:. This was followed by the
726:
705:Filipino-American history
123:Manilatown, San Francisco
226:"Memories Of the Manong"
564:advancingjustice-la.org
419:"Milestones: 1899–1913"
387:"Milestones: 1866–1898"
119:Immigration Act of 1924
115:anti-miscegenation laws
80:Philippine-American War
127:single room occupancy
58:, meaning "sibling".
195:Lott, Juanita Tamayo
138:Tydings-McDuffie Act
129:hotels, such as the
72:Spanish American War
460:migrationpolicy.org
157:Delano grape strike
131:International Hotel
88:William Howard Taft
39:movement. The term
268:The New York Times
161:Delano, California
668:Morehouse, Lisa.
489:www.mtholyoke.edu
423:history.state.gov
391:history.state.gov
362:history.house.gov
343:978-1-59213-447-2
210:978-0-7425-4651-6
21:manong generation
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76:Treaty of Paris
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56:hermano/hermana
43:comes from the
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619:SOMA PILIPINAS
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682:. Retrieved
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555:Wong, Kent.
532:. Retrieved
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526:. FoundSF.
142:US citizens
699:Categories
684:2020-05-19
654:2020-05-19
629:2020-05-19
600:2020-05-19
534:2020-05-19
499:2020-05-19
470:2020-05-19
433:2020-05-19
401:2020-05-19
372:2020-05-19
316:2020-05-19
286:2020-05-19
248:2020-05-15
174:References
96:California
37:farmworker
644:"History"
615:"History"
276:0362-4331
238:0190-8286
678:Archived
623:Archived
594:Archived
568:Archived
528:Archived
493:Archived
464:Archived
427:Archived
395:Archived
366:Archived
310:Archived
280:Archived
242:Archived
197:(2006).
68:colonial
25:en masse
674:NPR.org
113:Due to
62:History
53:Spanish
45:Ilocano
27:to the
340:
274:
236:
207:
146:aliens
100:Hawaii
49:manang
41:manong
571:(PDF)
560:(PDF)
153:labor
338:ISBN
272:ISSN
234:ISSN
205:ISBN
98:and
19:The
159:in
144:to
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