160:($ 768 million), specialized inpatient treatment ($ 755 million), family physician visits ($ 173 million), ambulatory care ($ 80 million), specialized outpatient treatment ($ 52 million), and psychiatric hospitalization ($ 20 million). Direct law enforcement costs include police services ($ 1.9 billion), corrections and probation ($ 660 million), and court services ($ 513 million). Direct prevention and research costs include prevention programs ($ 34 million), research ($ 17 million), and operational costs ($ 2 million). Other direct costs include traffic collision damage ($ 757 million), fire damage ($ 157 million), administrative costs for transfer payments ($ 62 million for
262:
20:
184:. The program was founded as a result of the death of three homeless men in the city in 1995. Its target clients are homeless men with "difficult behaviours, mental illness or severe alcohol and drug problem". Individuals who are "too high-functioning" are not accepted into the program. These men receive one alcoholic beverage per hour at most, though staff may refuse to grant an inebriated client alcohol. They may also exchange non-beverage alcohol such as
196:. Since inception, visits to the emergency department have decreased 93%. In 2010, the program resulted in a cost reduction for the city of Toronto of $ 3300/day/client for emergency medical services, police, and health care services not utilized. Between 12–24 clients die each year in the program, typically "the culmination of chronic alcoholism, pre-existing health conditions and many years spent living in poverty and on the street".
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203:, opened in 2001, is a shelter for homeless alcohol addicts that provides controlled hourly doses of alcohol. It is operated by the Shepherds of Good Hope and funded by the city. Each client receives seven ounces of white wine upon waking, and five ounces of wine once an hour until bedtime. The goal is to prevent
168:), and workplace health promotion ($ 17 million). The indirect costs are productivity losses from long-term disability ($ 6.2 billion), premature death ($ 923 million), and short-term disability ($ 24 million for reduced activity, $ 16 million for days in bed).
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tracked 23 individuals before and after admission into the program between 2001 and 2007. This group totalled 1074 incidents involving police, costing about $ 122,000, before admission to the program, and 53 incidents costing $ 6,000 after admission.
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or household cleaning products for beverage alcohol. Although permitted up to 15 alcoholic beverages per day, the average client consumes six drinks daily. Individuals who consume alcohol outside the program are not served alcohol in the program.
70:
conditions, assault on the street, alcohol poisoning, or the substitution of non-beverage for alcohol products". They are also distinct from wet shelters, with criteria for admission and offering a greater breadth of services, such as on-site or
219:, the Kwae Kii Win managed alcohol program resulted in a 47% decrease in emergency service use and a 41% decrease in interaction with police. There was also a reduction in the number of people drinking non-beverage alcohol. Claremont House is
238:, a domiciliary hostel managed alcohol program was expected to cost $ 45/person/day to provide up to 20 beds with one full-time nurse, one full-time social worker, two full-time equivalent
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and consumption of alternate stimulants, and to eventually graduate the clients to a "domiciliary hostel program" once their alcohol consumption has stabilized. A study conducted by the
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Some have criticized the program as "giving up" on problem alcoholics by sedating them with alcohol, or that the free alcohol could attract individuals from outside the program area.
110:, stating that in 2002 the costs to Canadian society associated with alcohol abuse to be $ 14.6 billion, representing 36.6% of costs incurred for all substance abuse (including
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Five broad categories of costs associated with alcohol abuse were identified in the report. Direct health care costs include acute care hospitalization ($ 1.46 billion),
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242:, six health workers, and an on-site physician for six hours per week. Including food, alcohol, and other expenses, the cost would be about $ 82/person/day.
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149:. Deaths attributed to alcohol abuse represented 1.9% of all deaths in Canada in 2002. Alcohol abuse also resulted in over 1.5 million
31:" found that alcohol scored highest overall and in economic cost, injury, family adversities, environmental damage, and community harm.
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Rehm, J.; Baliunas, D.; Brochu, S.; Fischer, B.; Gnam, W.; Patra, J.; Popova, S.; Sarnocinska-Hart, A.; Taylor, B. (March 2006).
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90:. Other benefits include providing the affected individual with community services and housing, a reduction in health care and
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62:, whereas the former permit alcohol consumption "in managed doses or in specific areas". These shelters ensure that high-risk
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McKeen, Scott (7 March 2007). "'Wet' shelter needs political will
Toronto project could serve as model for Edmonton".
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The program is administered by two full time registered nurses and case workers, and serves as a teaching program for
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The report stated that between 8,100 and 9,100 deaths were attributable to alcohol abuse, representing over 500,000
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793:"Give an alcoholic an hourly drink: Why a controversial Canadian program is catching attention in Australia"
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is a program meant to reduce harm for chronic alcoholics. The program involves providing a regular dose of
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The first managed alcohol program in Canada, the Annex Harm
Reduction Program, was established in 1996 at
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Podymow, Tiina; Turnbull, Jeff; Coyle, Doug; Yetisir, Elizabeth; Wells, George (3 January 2006).
652:"Shelter-based managed alcohol administration to chronicallyhomeless people addicted to alcohol"
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Substance abuse issues and public policy in Canada: I. Canada's federal drug strategy
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572:"Free booze for alcoholics: Could managed alcohol programs work in N.W.T.?"
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The centres operating a managed alcohol program are distinct from typical
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Such programs enable individuals to reduce alcohol consumption, improve
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597:(Report). Parliamentary Information and Research Service,
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opened in 2005, and is located on the West 5th Campus of
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Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
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The costs of substance abuse in Canada 2002: Highlights
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Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
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List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
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137:(PYLL). The leading causes of death were
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784:The Pour: Treating Alcoholics with Wine
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1649:List of dry communities by U.S. state
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118:). These costs involved the loss of
1883:Alcohol consumption recommendations
1808:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
94:expenses, and less time in prison.
66:individuals can avoid "exposure to
1607:Alcohol packaging warning messages
1219:Alcohol use among college students
881:Drunk driving in the United States
711:Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse
180:, the largest homeless shelter in
104:Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse
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2166:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2146:Index of alcohol-related articles
1589:Administrative License Suspension
801:, 2003 research report and manual
614:James, Darlene (September 2007).
590:Collin, Chantal (13 April 2006).
230:In a 2011 study prepared for the
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1396:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
570:Bird, Hilary (11 October 2016).
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742:"Managed Alcohol Program (MAP)"
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199:The Managed Alcohol Program in
47:, typically at a shelter-based
27:study "Drug Harms in the UK: a
1421:List of deaths through alcohol
1239:Epidemiology of binge drinking
1043:Subjective response to alcohol
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58:. The latter usually enforce
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951:Disease theory of alcoholism
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763:. City of London. March 2011
135:potential years of life lost
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870:Driving under the influence
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1971:Alcoholic spirits measure
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744:. Shepherds of Good Hope
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1038:Pharmacology of ethanol
728:. CBC News. 10 May 2016
60:abstinence from alcohol
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2008:Disulfiram-like drugs
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1000:Blood alcohol content
962:Seeing pink elephants
599:Library of Parliament
295:Moderation Management
209:Ottawa Police Service
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106:published the report
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2077:Alcohol in the Bible
2064:Religion and alcohol
2030:General anaesthetics
1823:Alcoholics Anonymous
1781:List of mixed drinks
1234:Alcohol intoxication
1149:Adulterated alcohol
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643:The Edmonton Journal
554:South West LHIN 2011
530:South West LHIN 2011
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432:South West LHIN 2011
164:and $ 4 million for
153:days in a hospital.
43:to individuals with
2156:Gateway drug effect
1942:Low-alcohol drinks
1771:Non-alcoholic drink
1706:Temperance movement
1688:Alcohol prohibition
1411:Gilbert Paul Jordan
1401:Dionysian Mysteries
1185:on college campuses
1180:Alcohol advertising
898:Public intoxication
314:Podymow et al. 2006
102:In March 2006, the
1988:Addiction medicine
1931:Get Your Sexy Back
1871:Alcohol limitation
1847:Sober living house
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1746:Brief intervention
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1158:Denatured alcohol
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795:at CBC News, 2017
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2161:Mood disorder
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2035:Nitrous oxide
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
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2006:
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1989:
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1946:Fermented tea
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1842:Sober curious
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1531:Ladies' night
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1431:Rum Rebellion
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1363:Alcohol enema
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1314:
1313:Flaming drink
1311:
1309:
1308:Dutch courage
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Drunk walking
1291:
1289:
1288:Drunk dialing
1286:
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1266:Drinking game
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1186:
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1175:Alcohol abuse
1173:
1169:
1166:
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1151:
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1145:
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1142:Social issues
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1127:
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1111:
1107:
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1102:
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1080:
1079:breast cancer
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1007:Fusel alcohol
1005:
1001:
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989:
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906:
904:
901:
899:
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894:
891:
889:
886:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:Drunk driving
874:
871:
868:
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863:
862:
860:
858:
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849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
825:
823:
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797:
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777:
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743:
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727:
723:
712:
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689:
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628:
624:
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612:
600:
593:
588:
577:
573:
568:
567:
562:
556:, p. 12.
555:
550:
547:
543:
542:CBC News 2016
538:
535:
532:, p. 10.
531:
526:
523:
519:
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511:
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393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
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369:, p. 14.
368:
363:
360:
356:
351:
348:
345:, p. 11.
344:
339:
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335:
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331:
329:
327:
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319:
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307:
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296:
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272:
269:
268:Canada portal
258:
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125:
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117:
116:illicit drugs
113:
109:
105:
97:
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81:
76:
74:
69:
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61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
26:
21:
2121:Gin Act 1751
2111:Bratt System
2104:
2100:
1967:Measurement
1901:Breathalyzer
1765:
1671:Shoulder tap
1323:
1197:Beer goggles
765:. Retrieved
746:. Retrieved
730:. Retrieved
714:. Retrieved
691:. Retrieved
664:(1): 45–49.
661:
655:
642:
630:. Retrieved
622:
603:. Retrieved
601:. PRB 06-15E
579:. Retrieved
549:
537:
525:
513:
489:, p. 7.
474:, p. 6.
434:, p. 5.
427:
422:, p. 8.
399:, p. 7.
384:, p. 4.
362:
357:, p. 1.
350:
309:
249:
229:
214:
198:
191:
178:Seaton House
175:
155:
132:
120:productivity
107:
101:
86:and overall
77:
53:
36:
34:
2101:Beer Street
2052:Homotaurine
2047:Acamprosate
1918:Dry January
1897:Monitoring
1798:Teetotalism
1791:Malt drinks
1581:Alcohol law
1353:Yard of ale
1298:Drunkorexia
1110:intolerance
903:Rum-running
449:McKeen 2007
367:Collin 2006
217:Thunder Bay
124:health care
2219:Categories
2181:Town drunk
2013:Disulfiram
1961:Small beer
1927:Campaigns
1761:Drunk tank
1734:Dry campus
1644:Dry county
1426:Rum ration
1406:Dipsomania
1335:Pantsdrunk
1128:Red wine:
918:Alcoholism
908:Wine fraud
709:(Report).
625:(Report).
563:References
343:James 2007
151:acute care
98:Background
2116:Dry state
2023:Cyanamide
1857:Sobrietol
1656:Last call
1622:DWI court
1475:Beer mile
1446:Speakeasy
1416:Gin Craze
1348:Beer bong
1303:Dry drunk
1276:Pregaming
1124:Potomania
1106:Tolerance
1096:Pregnancy
971:Chemistry
893:Nip joint
888:Moonshine
767:6 January
748:6 January
732:6 January
716:6 January
693:6 January
632:6 January
605:6 January
581:6 January
506:Bird 2016
246:Criticism
186:mouthwash
139:cirrhosis
84:nutrition
23:The 2010
2204:Category
2105:Gin Lane
1862:Quit lit
1786:Spritzer
1716:Sobriety
1571:Alcohol
1552:Whiskey
1380:Sconcing
1330:Nightcap
1256:Blackout
1086:Cortisol
983:Congener
688:16389236
576:CBC News
254:See also
221:Hamilton
172:Programs
73:referral
64:homeless
51:centre.
2139:Related
2093:History
1878:0-0-1-3
1573:control
1460:General
1436:Shebeen
1389:History
1059:Anxiety
1021:Effects
995:Ethanol
844:Alcohol
679:1319345
182:Toronto
147:suicide
112:tobacco
80:hygiene
41:alcohol
1913:FRAMES
1122:Beer:
1115:Weight
1091:Memory
1074:Cancer
857:crimes
686:
676:
236:London
201:Ottawa
145:, and
88:health
2176:Spins
1831:(ACA)
1825:(AA):
1591:(ALS)
1471:Beer
1249:Zapoy
1101:Sleep
1069:Brain
1064:Aging
958:(HFA)
872:(DUI)
761:(PDF)
707:(PDF)
619:(PDF)
595:(PDF)
302:Notes
2103:and
1271:list
769:2017
750:2017
734:2017
718:2017
695:2017
684:PMID
634:2017
607:2017
583:2017
126:and
114:and
25:ISCD
1192:Sex
847:use
786:by
674:PMC
666:doi
662:174
234:in
215:In
2221::
682:.
672:.
660:.
654:.
621:.
574:.
494:^
479:^
456:^
439:^
404:^
389:^
374:^
321:^
227:.
141:,
130:.
35:A
1164:)
1160:(
1108:/
828:e
821:t
814:v
771:.
752:.
736:.
720:.
697:.
668::
645:.
636:.
609:.
585:.
544:.
520:.
508:.
451:.
316:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
