439:'conquest' model, the general consensus among OT scholars is that the Book of Joshua has no value in the historical reconstruction. They see the book as an ideological retrojection from a later period—either as early as the reign of Josiah or as late as the Hasmonean period." "It behooves us to ask, in spite of the fact that the overwhelming consensus of modern scholarship is that Joshua is a pious fiction composed by the deuteronomistic school, how does and how has the Jewish community dealt with these foundational narratives, saturated as they are with acts of violence against others?" Recent decades, for example, have seen a remarkable reevaluation of evidence concerning the conquest of the land of Canaan by Joshua. As more sites have been excavated, there has been a growing consensus that the main story of Joshua, that of a speedy and complete conquest (e.g. Josh. 11.23: 'Thus Joshua conquered the whole country, just as the L
419:
42:
411:
1037:
657:, and father to both Ephraim, and his first son, Manasseh; Ephraim received the blessing of the firstborn, although Manasseh was the eldest, because Jacob foresaw that Ephraim's descendants would be greater than his brother's. Here the blessing of the first son was conferred by a grandfather rather than by the father, despite prevailing custom (great patriarchs supersede custom).
438:
allocated the land among the twelve tribes. According to biblical scholar
Kenneth Kitchen, this conquest should be dated slightly after 1200 BCE. Some modern scholars argue that the conquest of Joshua, as described in the Book of Joshua, never occurred. "Besides the rejection of the Albrightian
660:
Though the biblical descriptions of the geographic boundary of the House of Joseph are fairly consistent, the descriptions of the boundaries between
Manasseh and Ephraim are not, and each is portrayed as having
418:
741:, leaving the absence of the western half of Manasseh in these passages still unaccounted for. Critical scholars argue that the two sections had different origins, noting that in the
733:. (Tradition regards these as region names with the region Gilead being named so, long before the grandson of Manasseh.) Additionally, Manasseh is absent from the poem; in the
721:
Although Machir and Gilead, as individuals, are described in biblical genealogies as father and son, and as son and grandson of
Manasseh, in the view of some critical scholars
517:, thus constituting one of the most valuable parts of the country; additionally, Manasseh's geographic situation enabled it to defend two important mountain passes—
701:
in the 720's BC, and many members of the tribe were exiled; others fled south to the
Kingdom of Judah. Either way, the manner of their exile and dispersal led to
363:
incursions, the
Israelite tribes decided to form a strong centralised monarchy to meet the challenge, and the Tribe of Manasseh joined the new kingdom with
564:, for help. After receiving tribute from Ahaz, Tiglath-Pileser sacked Damascus and Israel, annexing Aram and the territory east of the Jordan (tribes of
232:
1050:
375:, Saul's son who succeeded him to the throne of Israel, the Tribe of Manasseh joined the other northern Israelite tribes in making Judah's king
1094:
343:
According to the Tanakh, the Tribe of
Manasseh was a part of a loose confederation of Israelite tribes from after the conquest of the land by
41:
915:
885:
856:
1070:
645:
of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the
Israelite confederation In the Biblical account, Joseph is one of the two children of
348:
989:
779:
737:
texts
Manasseh is also frequently absent, while Machir is mentioned. Additionally, Machir is described as settling on the east of the
466:
with the western half-tribe, only slightly touching at one corner—the southwest of East
Manasseh and the northeast of West Manasseh.
827:
1089:
183:
225:
681:
appearing in their place. From this it is regarded that originally
Ephraim and Manasseh were considered one tribe—that of
1055:
694:
623:
533:
392:
705:. However, several modern day groups claim descent, with varying levels of academic and rabbinical support. Both the
606:, divided Ephraim's territory in the south from Manasseh's territory in the north. The modern Israeli settlement of
596:) The diminished kingdom of Israel was again invaded by Assyria in 723 BCE and the rest of the population deported.
351:
in c. 1050 BC. No central government existed, and in times of crisis the people were led by ad hoc leaders known as
1104:
1074:
218:
742:
722:
33:
878:
Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Volume 1: Biblical, Rabbinical, and Medieval Studies
1046:
584:. The population of these territories were taken captive and resettled in Assyria, in the region of the
469:
West Manasseh occupied the land to the immediate north of Ephraim, thus just north of centre of western
463:
557:
459:
443:
had promised Moses') is contradicted by the archaeological record, though there are indications of
631:
585:
486:
422:
An alternative reconstruction makes the western and eastern territories discontinuous (1852 map).
414:
Territory allotted to the twelve tribes of Israel; Manasseh was given the large green-yellow area
402:
From that time, the Tribe of Manasseh has been counted as one of the ten lost tribes of Israel.
911:
905:
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100:
84:
941:
795:
627:
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320:
256:
121:
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589:
485:. East Manasseh was the northernmost Israelite group east of the Jordan until the siege of
1099:
702:
565:
352:
324:
316:
297:
286:
193:
110:
63:
58:
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the king of a re-united Kingdom of Israel. However, on the accession of David's grandson
410:
729:
are treated as the names of tribes which are different from one another in the Song of
607:
478:
451:
368:
356:
94:
73:
1083:
1041:
966:
Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land
553:
541:
312:
304:
68:
738:
706:
569:
506:
494:
490:
474:
455:
395:. Manasseh was a member of the Northern Kingdom until the kingdom was conquered by
384:
246:
89:
79:
454:, it is claimed that at its height, the territory Manasseh occupied spanned the
372:
1025:
674:
360:
308:
204:
188:
158:
977:
930:
710:
642:
545:
518:
431:
163:
17:
654:
638:
502:
380:
610:
is built near this gulch, which runs in an easterly-westerly direction.
734:
730:
662:
577:
561:
396:
153:
849:
The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches
367:
as the first king. After the death of Saul, all the tribes other than
1071:
Map of the Tribal territory of the tribe of Manasseh, Adrichem, 1590.
726:
646:
635:
522:
514:
510:
470:
435:
427:
344:
426:
The Bible narrates that following the completion of the conquest of
1040: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
501:
and Issachar on the west. East Manasseh occupied the land from the
713:
claim that some of their adherents are descended from this tribe.
650:
619:
581:
573:
537:
529:
417:
376:
148:
822:(Grand Rapids, Michigan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company)(
772:
The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1
473:, between the Jordan and the coast, with the northwest corner at
549:
364:
199:
572:
and East Manasseh in Gilead), including the desert outposts of
513:. These territories abounded in water, a precious commodity in
371:
remained loyal to the House of Saul, but after the death of
677:) Ephraim and Manasseh are treated as a single tribe, with
277:
262:
335:
Their banner is a black flag with an embroidered unicorn.
271:
665:
within the territory of the other. Furthermore, in the
954:
Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?
274:
268:
899:
897:
904:Adele Berlin; Marc Zvi Brettler (17 October 2014).
509:in the north, and including within it the whole of
458:, forming two "half-tribes", one on each side; the
265:
259:
745:separate tribal rulers were named for the western
383:, in c. 930 BC the northern tribes split from the
838:
836:
697:, the territory of Manasseh was conquered by the
1059:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
845:"Early Israel in Recent Biblical Scholarship"
226:
8:
847:. In David W. Baker; Bill T. Arnold (eds.).
673:to a similar or earlier time period, (e.g.,
634:, however, view this as a postdiction, an
399:in c. 723 BC and the population deported.
233:
219:
29:
910:. Oxford University Press. p. 951.
843:K. Lawson Younger Jr. (1 October 2004).
622:, the tribe consisted of descendants of
477:, and neighbored on the north by tribes
409:
315:of 720 BCE, it is counted as one of the
1073:Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, the
820:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
762:
462:was, by most accounts, almost entirely
32:
907:The Jewish Study Bible: Second Edition
359:). With the growth of the threat from
447:destruction at the appropriate time.
7:
956:(New York: T&T Clark, 2007): 134
27:One of the two Half-Tribes of Joseph
630:, from whom it took its name. Some
25:
347:until the formation of the first
1035:
703:their further history being lost
493:; other neighboring tribes were
255:
40:
990:Peake's Commentary on the Bible
851:. Baker Academic. p. 200.
717:According to Biblical criticism
874:"Joshua, Judaism and Genocide"
521:on the west of the Jordan and
393:Israel as the Northern Kingdom
1:
1095:Samaritan culture and history
968:(3rd edition 1993), Jerusalem
818:Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2003),
669:, and elsewhere ascribed by
323:, Manasseh also formed the
1121:
1075:National Library of Israel
1056:Easton's Bible Dictionary
311:. After the catastrophic
290:
872:Carl S. Ehrlich (1999).
774:. Open Book Publishers.
743:First Book of Chronicles
1090:Twelve Tribes of Israel
770:Khan, Geoffrey (2020).
1047:Easton, Matthew George
880:. BRILL. p. 117.
800:JewishEncyclopedia.com
423:
415:
387:and from Saul's tribe
1026:1 Chronicles 27:20–21
489:farther north by the
421:
413:
599:The riverine gulch,
319:. Together with the
52:The Tribes of Israel
1015:Jewish Encyclopedia
1003:Jewish Encyclopedia
558:Tiglath-Pileser III
952:Lester L. Grabbe,
460:eastern half-tribe
424:
416:
339:Biblical narrative
1105:Tribe of Manasseh
917:978-0-19-939387-9
887:978-90-04-11554-5
858:978-0-8010-2871-7
695:Kingdom of Israel
667:Blessing of Jacob
618:According to the
605:
544:, and threatened
497:on the south and
349:Kingdom of Israel
313:Assyrian invasion
303:) was one of the
291:שֵׁבֶט מְנַשֶּׁה
251:Tribe of Manasseh
245:According to the
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16:(Redirected from
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707:Bnei Menashe
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590:2 Kings 16:9
586:Khabur River
536:allied with
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507:Mount Hermon
491:tribe of Dan
475:Mount Carmel
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456:Jordan River
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247:Hebrew Bible
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142:Other tribes
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931:Joshua 22:7
626:, a son of
601:naḥal Ḳanah
373:Ish-bosheth
1084:Categories
978:Genesis 30
805:2023-12-06
796:"MANASSEH"
757:References
751:half tribe
747:half tribe
711:Samaritans
540:, king of
532:, king of
391:to reform
361:Philistine
205:Samaritans
189:Israelites
18:Manassites
1049:(1897). "
699:Assyrians
643:aetiology
636:eponymous
588:system. (
546:Jerusalem
519:Esdraelon
432:Israelite
298:Tiberian:
164:Jerahmeel
1051:Manasseh
709:and the
663:exclaves
655:Benjamin
639:metaphor
624:Manasseh
503:Mahanaim
499:Naphtali
483:Issachar
434:tribes,
389:Benjamin
381:Rehoboam
293:
129:Benjamin
117:Manasseh
101:Issachar
85:Naphtali
1044::
735:Elohist
731:Deborah
632:critics
578:Naphish
562:Assyria
450:In the
430:by the
397:Assyria
331:Symbols
184:Leaders
122:Ephraim
106:Zebulun
1100:Gilead
914:
884:
855:
826:
778:
727:Gilead
723:Machir
683:Joseph
679:Joseph
647:Rachel
628:Joseph
614:Origin
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523:Hauran
515:Canaan
511:Bashan
471:Canaan
436:Joshua
428:Canaan
353:Judges
345:Joshua
309:Israel
287:Hebrew
249:, the
159:Rechab
111:Joseph
64:Simeon
59:Reuben
651:Jacob
620:Torah
594:15:29
582:Nodab
574:Jetur
538:Rezin
530:Pekah
487:Laish
479:Asher
377:David
369:Judah
355:(see
149:Caleb
95:Asher
74:Judah
912:ISBN
882:ISBN
853:ISBN
824:ISBN
776:ISBN
725:and
689:Fate
649:and
592:and
580:and
550:Ahaz
542:Aram
481:and
445:some
365:Saul
200:Jews
154:Keni
69:Levi
1053:".
570:Gad
495:Gad
441:ORD
307:of
90:Gad
80:Dan
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784:.
281:/
278:ə
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269:n
266:ˈ
263:ə
260:m
257:/
253:(
234:e
227:t
220:v
20:)
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