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robe, a white headscarf and a white top hat, which shows that she is an elector. There are two huge lotus buds floating on the left of the voters. On the upper right side is a frame similar to the circle of ancient
Egyptian kings. Inside the frame is a Uighur written in Sogdian alphabet: "Portrait of Princess Busuš". Below the frame is a portrait of a female layman in a crimson robe, one-half the size of the voter's portrait. On the upper floor is painted a seated female god with a white crown and white robe sitting on each side; the golden ring-shaped crown of the god is decorated with the symbol of light, and a circle of small heads wearing the same symbol of light is suspended above the head. It depicts the Light Maiden. Originally depicted on the back was a portrait of a Manichean male voter, who was later repainted as a female layman, but the male voter's white crown and two moustaches on his lips are still faintly visible. This layman also stood on the felt carpet, wearing a crimson robe with black floral ornaments. She combed three large buns on her hair, a bun on the top of her head, two buns on the back of her head, and a floral ornament on the bun on top of her head. A lotus flower bud floats near the face on the left side, and a child raising his left hand is on the lower left side. On the upper floor is painted a sitting statue of a male god, with a slightly smaller voter sitting on each side, kneeling on each side. According to the description on the flag banner, this image is a statue of Jesus (Manichean translation "Yi Shu").
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158:, the salvation of the light, in which the light body/light element releases from the dark substances that imprison it, such as the flesh, and then returns to the kingdom of light. The two figures depicted on the banner—the voters and the laity—are portraits of two Manichaeans who have died. Because of their devotion to faith and observance of the canon, their bodies are full of light. The floating lotus buds around them have two meanings. One is to symbolize their "righteous" status; the other is to express the release of light molecules from the body. The small figures below should be living believers who pray for them. The statues of the Virgin of Light and Jesus on the upper level have the characteristics of the portraits of the
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There are four badges on the white robe. The badges are small squares drawn with double lines. Box, leave blank inside the box. He has a seal on his right hand, the middle two fingers are closed with his thumb, and his left hand holds the hem of the white robe stacked on the knees. His long black hair is draped over his shoulders, and he has a triangular beard. He has a red gold-rimmed headlight and a large green gold-rimmed backlight behind him; Yi Shu like a voter with a white crown and white robe and long hair shawl sitting on each side. According to the characteristics of the image, this image can be called "the statue of the Christ the King", and it is the oldest known portrait of Jesus in
Manichaeism.
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231:, on the left is the Southern Song Dynasty "Yi Shu Buddha Frame". Similarities and differences: 1. Hair with red gilt rim; 2. Shawl, long hair, mustache and beard, neither of which wear headwear; 3. Four badges on the white robe with gilt rim; 4. All wear red robes; 5. The way of forming the seal of the right hand is the same; 6. The sitting posture and the seat (lotus platform, four-legged throne) are completely different due to cultural differences.
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The picture on the flag banner is divided into upper and lower layers, and the upper layer image area is about one-half of the lower layer. On the lower front, there is a portrait of a
Manichean female believer standing on a felt carpet. She embraces a book inlaid with gold, is dressed in a white
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As mentioned above, the text on the flags indicates that the identity of the male god in the back picture is Jesus, which is translated as "Yi Shu" in
Chinese by Manichaeism. The Yishu in the painting sits on a four-legged stool-like throne, wearing a red robe, and a white robe with gold edging.
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In summary, it can be seen that compared to
Zoroastrianism, which originated from Persia, the relationship between Manichaeism and Christianity is actually deeper. After comparing several portraits of early Christian Jesus in the Mediterranean region, Hungarian Asian religious art historian
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in his own writings, Jesus is the key point. For example: "Jesus is Mani's savior" ("Koeln Mani
Scrolls"); "Muni, the Apostle of Jesus Christ" (Muni’s crystal seal and his claim in the letter); "Muni is the Holy Spirit of Jesus" (the honorific name given to him by Mani’s disciples).
283:", and found that this silk painting from the southern coastal area of China is also consistent with the Christ image. Although the cultural differences due to different locations make the two image art styles very different, their main elements are almost the same.
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found that two of them are particularly consistent with this image. One is a 6th century inlay from St. Catherine’s
Monastery in Sinai, Egypt. The painting is located on the vault of the back hall of the monastery; the other is a mosaic on the dome of the
421:""A Song Dynasty Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus [幅宋代摩尼教<夷数佛帧> = Yifu Songdai Monijiao Yishufozheng]." Journal for the Study of Art History [艺术史研究 =Yishushi Yanjiu] 2008:139–189 [in Chinese]"
369:""A Song Dynasty Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus [幅宋代摩尼教<夷数佛帧> = Yifu Songdai Monijiao Yishufozheng]." Journal for the Study of Art History [艺术史研究 =Yishushi Yanjiu] 2008:139–189 [in Chinese]"
251:
sect. They lived in southern
Mesopotamia under the rule of the Sassanid dynasty. In addition to the Elcesaites, there were also other early Christian groups active there, such as the Badisan and the
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at the beginning of the 20th century. The flag streamer is 45.5 cm long and 16 cm wide, with painted portraits on both sides. It is a funeral streamer dedicated to the deceased
Manichae believers.
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in Rome, painted in the fourth century. In addition, Gulácsi also compared this image with the
Southern Song silk painting hanging scroll "
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style in Manichean art"; They are "guide gods", helping the souls of devout believers to return to the kingdom of light. From
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Mani's Pictures: The Didactic Images of the Manichaeans from Sasanian Mesopotamia to Uygur Central Asia and Tang-Ming China
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once wrote about Manichaean obsession with Jesus, and there are many hymns in Manichae scriptures in various languages.
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Manichae literature, the Virgin of Light and Jesus are the two most important gods who lead the way.
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393:. "Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies" series. Vol. 90. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
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Left: the front of the painted banner; right: the back of the painted banner
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Digital restoration image of the seated Bright Maiden on the upper front
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family in the 3rd century AD. His father Badi was a believer in the
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1302:: † mainly a Tengrist text but recorded in a Manichaean monastery
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The image on the flag banner is related to the Manichaeism
121:, made in the 10th century AD. It was found in Xinjiang
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Yishu is a deity of great importance in Manichaeism.
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443:"A Manichaean Portrait of the Buddha Jesus"
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1171:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 6368
1166:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4979
1161:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4974
1156:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4959
1281:Story of the Twin Dragons of Great Tang
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280:Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus
24:Manichaeism painted banner MIK III 6286
1223:Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
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77:in Xinjiang in the early 20th century
1205:Manichaean wall painting MIK III 6918
1200:Manichaean temple banner MIK III 6286
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1143:Episodes from Mani's Missionary Work
1320:Manichaean art of East Central Asia
867:Huichang Persecution of Manichaeism
678:Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism
227:The comparison picture designed by
117:monastery flag banner collected in
696:Sogdian-language Manichaean letter
162:kings or gods of Persia, showing "
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105:Manichaean Temple Banner Number "
755:Two Principles and Three Moments
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310:comparison of the Pei zhang (佩章)
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16:Manichaean monastery flag banner
340:Fragment of Manichae Manuscript
1230:Veneration of the Tree of Life
562:Seven treatises of Manichaeism
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127:German Turpan expedition team
75:German Turpan expedition team
1211:Painting of the Buddha Jesus
1182:Mani's Community Established
703:Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts
441:Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna (2009).
389:Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna (2015).
44:length 45.5 cm, width 16 cm
1341:
1252:Manichaean (Unicode block)
740:Zarathustra in Manichaeism
541:
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745:The Buddha in Manichaeism
663:Dunhuang Manichaean texts
189:Statue of Christ the King
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216:Digital recovery version
1136:Diagram of the Universe
861:Three Persian religions
691:Turpan Manichaean texts
202:Original image, damaged
119:Berlin Asian Art Museum
89:Berlin Asian Art Museum
770:Xroshtag and Padvaxtag
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673:Manichaean Compendium
633:Manichaean Psalm Book
578:The Book of Mysteries
345:Sgd Manichean Letters
226:
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1288:The Secret of Heaven
1274:The Gardens of Light
892:Abū Hilāl al-Dayhūri
750:Jesus in Manichaeism
658:Medinet Madi library
419:Gulacsi, Zsuzsanna.
367:Gulacsi, Zsuzsanna.
958:Chinese Manichaeism
730:Father of Greatness
628:Fundamental Epistle
1325:Paintings of Jesus
1084:Flying Road Pagoda
1072:Puxi Fushou Palace
765:Messenger of Light
735:Prince of Darkness
653:Cologne Mani-Codex
590:Psalms and Prayers
586:The Book of Giants
298:comparison of face
262:Augustine of Hippo
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1247:Manichaean script
1217:Sealstone of Mani
270:Zsuzsanna Gulácsi
229:Zsuzsanna Gulácsi
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1129:Book of Pictures
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917:Uyghur Khaganate
882:East-West Schism
877:Sergius-Tychicus
638:Psalms of Thomas
597:Book of Pictures
570:Treasure of Life
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85:Present location
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566:Gospel of Mani
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95:Identification
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623:New Testament
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1150:Icon of Mani
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1008:Commandments
973:Organisation
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825:Shad Ohrmazd
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709:Moni Guangfo
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574:The Epistles
450:. Retrieved
447:academia.edu
446:
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98:MIK III 6286
66:10th century
18:
1099: [
1087: [
1075: [
1015:Three Seals
912:Persecution
887:Amr ibn Adi
872:Bögü Qaghan
648:Xuastvanift
604:Shabuhragan
525:Zarathustra
495:Manichaeism
133:Description
55:written in
1314:Categories
1261:In fiction
1113:Visual art
1046:Repentance
1041:Evangelism
1020:Pañcavidyā
963:Miqlāsiyya
897:Lü Shinang
850:Hegemonius
845:Aphthonius
616:literature
582:Pragmateia
351:References
249:Elcesaites
115:Manichaean
71:Discovered
1268:Ming Cult
1060:Buildings
1036:Eucharist
994:Presbyter
985:Patriarch
810:Mar Sisin
683:Irk Bitig
643:Kephalaia
554:Scripture
520:Sakyamuni
511:(Founder)
452:4 January
257:Sakyamuni
981:Archegos
948:Denawars
907:Lin Deng
820:Mar Adda
815:Mar Zaku
805:Mar Ammo
800:Apostles
782:Asrestar
722:Theology
668:Xiabuzan
530:Narayana
502:Prophets
334:See also
160:Sasanian
150:Analysis
123:Gaochang
79:Gaochang
1051:Fasting
1029:Rituals
1000:Hearers
988:Apostle
840:Agapius
835:Faustus
792:History
245:Gnostic
172:Sabbath
63:Created
57:Sogdian
49:Writing
1067:Cao'an
991:Bishop
953:Astati
927:Qianku
855:Marcus
776:Archon
760:Gnosis
397:
253:Magian
174:, and
168:Coptic
164:Uighur
53:Uighur
1300:Notes
1103:]
1091:]
1079:]
997:Elect
936:Sects
515:Jesus
324:Mudra
125:by a
113:is a
111:6286"
108:MIK Ⅲ
830:Mihr
535:Seth
509:Mani
454:2019
395:ISBN
241:Mani
41:Size
1316::
1101:zh
1089:zh
1077:zh
588:,
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
445:.
429:^
409:^
377:^
359:^
170:,
685:†
592:)
564:(
487:e
480:t
473:v
456:.
423:.
403:.
371:.
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