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495:. At the time the retreat center was founded, the urban area of South Norwalk was two miles away, and the area was very secluded. Besides the Jesuits who administered retreats, the 23-acre (9.3-hectare) island was uninhabited. The Jesuits constructed one primary building, called Manresa House, from which the retreats were run, as well as two smaller cottages.
470:, during the summers. Since retreats could only occur at Fordham when classes were not in session, a more secluded and permanent location was sought. Keyser Island was selected as a place that offered greater quietude for reflection. Eventually, retreats were permanently moved from Fordham to Keyser Island.
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With the closing of the power plant in 2013, discussions between the state, local communities, and the plant owner began on whether and how to decommission the facility and how to utilize
Manresa Island generally, including how to remediate the significant ground pollutants at the site. In 2017, the
633:
Manresa
Association and the City of Norwalk began a study to identify potential future uses of the land as well as the economic impact of those uses. The study was completed in 2019 and recommended four potential options for redevelopment of the southern parcel of the land: a
624:. Given the periodical fill of the surrounding marshes, the southern parcel is today 46.9 acres (19.0 hectares) and the northern parcel is 97 acres (39 hectares), giving the entire plot of land an area of approximately 144 acres (58 hectares).
605:
While the original Keyser Island was only 23 acres (9.3 hectares), the island underwent significant expansion over the years, with the most dramatic growth occurring in the decades following the construction of the power plant. The first
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462:, charged Fr. Terence Shealy with establishing a center to host retreats. The retreats would be designed for a wide range of workers, from bricklayers to bankers, and regardless of ability to pay. Shealy began hosting retreats at
614:
nearby. The significant land fill resulted in the differentiation of two parcels. The northern parcel is undeveloped land, and was created when
Connecticut Light & Power received permission to deposit large quantities of
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there, which was a byproduct of the power plant's operation. The southern parcel, which contains the original, much smaller island, houses the decommissioned power plant and support infrastructure, as well as an
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586:, the first official recognition of the ecological damage done to the surrounding area by the plant was made in 1980. By the late 1990s, the island and plant had been recognized as heavily polluted.
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The island was owned by John H. Keyser, who lived on the island, giving rise to its later name of Keyser Island. In 1860, he spent thousands of dollars to build a
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530:. The retreat center continued to operate on Staten Island as Mount Manresa, until 1927. Keyser Island continued to be known by that name, until around the
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253:, which dates to 1664. By the 19th century, the island had been purchased by John H. Keyser, who lived there and cultivated rare vegetation. He built a
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395:. He developed the island as a park, filling it with rare trees and vegetation, and building a greenhouse. Keyser eventually sold the island to the
641:, an educational facility, or a residential development. Each of these options would incur cleanup costs of $ 8 million to $ 30 million or more.
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694:, and are home to around 200 bird species. The waters around Manresa Island are designated as essential habitats for a number of fish species.
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328:, greatly increasing the size of the island from its original 23 acres (9.3 hectares) to 144 acres (58 hectares), and leading to significant
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on the island. Despite opposition by local residents, the
Norwalk Harbor Generating Station was built and put into service in 1960. A major
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in 2012, leading to its permanent closure in 2013. A portion of the land today is an undeveloped and ecologically important
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struck in 2012, almost the entire island was flooded. As a result of the damage, the plant was shut down in June 2013.
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The
Jesuits eventually sold the land, and in 1953, the Norwalk Zoning Commission approved the construction of a
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In
October 2023, NRG Energy sold Manresa Island to Argent Ventures, a real estate company, for redevelopment.
305:. In 1911, the Jesuits sold Keyser Island, which became known as Manresa Island in the mid-twentieth century.
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The earliest records of the island date to 1664, when it was known as
Boutons Island. Located in the
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The
Jesuits formally inaugurated the Manresa Institute on Keyser Island on April 21, 1889 (
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On the island, the
Jesuits established the Manresa Institute, which was the only dedicated
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deposited was likely earth excavated during construction of the power plant and from
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Manresa House (left) and pavilion (right) of the
Manresa Institute on Keyser Island,
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announced in 2020 that it was considering using Manresa Island as a construction
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Norwalk Power Economic Impact Analysis: Findings & Recommendations Report
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The center became a prominent retreat institution, where the newly appointed
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occurred in 1969, causing significant ecological damage to the beach at
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occurred, damaging the surrounding environment. The plant was sold to
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1050:"Thorough Manresa Island cleanup cost pegged at $ 31M to $ 60M"
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The undeveloped portion of Manresa Island, which consists of a
1505:
Haviland and Elizabeth Streets-Hanford Place Historic District
1084:"Manresa Island could be used for Norwalk Walk Bridge project"
489:, the 16th-century founder of the Society of Jesus, wrote the
105:
Named for the Manresa Institute, which itself was named after
686:
coast. It also contains a number of ecologically important
518:. In 1911, Shealy decided to move the Manresa Institute to
1193:
City of Norwalk; Manresa Association (December 14, 2018).
1291:. Images of America Series. Charleston, South Carolina:
1226:. Images of America Series. Charleston, South Carolina:
824:
754:
United States Geological Survey (September 12, 1979).
276:
center in the United States. It hosted both prominent
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Former coal-fired power stations in the United States
372:. It is situated across the harbor from the historic
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Former oil-fired power stations in the United States
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South Main and Washington Streets Historic District
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257:in 1860, connecting the island to the mainland of
1115:"Norwalk's Manresa Island sold for redevelopment"
299:, the founder of the Society of Jesus, wrote his
593:, which continued to operate the facility. When
578:beneath the Long Island Sound, connecting it to
690:. These habitats serve as breeding grounds for
1146:City of Norwalk & Manresa Association 2018
1036:City of Norwalk & Manresa Association 2018
1021:City of Norwalk & Manresa Association 2018
1016:
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994:City of Norwalk & Manresa Association 2018
783:City of Norwalk & Manresa Association 2018
1353:
526:, where he purchased the Fox Hill Villa near
8:
1268:. Vol. 15, no. 24. June 13, 1896.
514:went in preparation for their ordination as
21:
1164:"Chapter 4: A New Century and New Ventures"
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756:"Feature Detail Report for: Manresa Island"
678:, is one of the last remaining undisturbed
332:. In 1972, the plant was converted to burn
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589:In 1999, the power plant was purchased by
20:
1482:Five Mile River Landing Historic District
793:
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450:around the turn of the 19th century, the
316:on the land. Over the years, the company
249:. The earliest name for the landform was
1171:A Brief History of the New York Province
646:Connecticut Department of Transportation
387:to connect it to the mainland, allowing
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546:Norwalk Harbor Generating Station, 2024
1094:from the original on November 21, 2020
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584:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
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1280:– via Boston College Libraries.
1127:from the original on October 27, 2023
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344:in 1999, and was severely damaged by
16:Former island in Norwalk, Connecticut
7:
2743:Former power stations in Connecticut
1698:Little League World Series Champions
574:. That same year, the plant built a
466:, where he was an instructor at the
368:, the island is part of the city of
2723:Former islands of the United States
2097:Stepping Stones Museum for Children
1560:Silvermine Center Historic District
1113:Alter, Marissa (October 26, 2023).
1309:from the original on July 21, 2019
1272:from the original on July 20, 2019
1262:"Manresa Institute, Keyser Island"
1244:from the original on July 21, 2019
1207:from the original on July 20, 2019
1060:from the original on July 21, 2019
914:
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89:Manresa Island (the United States)
14:
2718:Geography of Norwalk, Connecticut
1474:East Norwalk Historical Cemetery
1441:
1173:. pp. 17–27. Archived from
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420:
411:
75:
68:
39:
32:
2748:Society of Jesus in Connecticut
1580:Verneur Pratt Historic District
1500:Norwalk Green Historic District
1082:Tomlinson, Pat (June 6, 2020).
1048:Chapman, Nancy (May 23, 2017).
652:for the project to replace the
269:toward the end of the century.
1575:South Norwalk Main Post Office
760:U.S. Board on Geographic Names
1:
2180:Norwalk River Railroad Bridge
1590:Wall Street Historic District
1530:Norwalk River Railroad Bridge
654:Norwalk River Railroad Bridge
601:Physical growth of the island
556:Connecticut Light & Power
431:
310:Connecticut Light & Power
261:. This gave rise to the name
92:Show map of the United States
2072:Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk
1670:Danbury and Norwalk Railroad
1495:Joseph Loth Company Building
324:surrounding the island with
1510:LeRoy Shirt Company Factory
1220:Grant, Lisa Wilson (2014).
2764:
1919:Norwalk River Valley Trail
1693:Hat Corporation of America
1439:
1403:New York metropolitan area
1285:Matteo, Thomas W. (2011).
456:Maryland-New York Province
2667:
1996:Norwalk Community College
458:of the Society of Jesus,
442:With growing interest in
189:
26:
2256:HEI Hotels & Resorts
2241:FactSet Research Systems
2175:Norwalk Transit District
2092:Lockwood–Mathews Mansion
1515:Lockwood–Mathews Mansion
487:Saint Ignatius of Loyola
297:Saint Ignatius of Loyola
265:, which was sold to the
2682:WikiProject Connecticut
2421:Reverend Thomas Hanford
2246:Frontier Communications
2077:Norwalk Oyster Festival
2021:St. Paul's on the Green
1520:Mill Hill Historic Park
1266:The Sacred Heart Review
826:The Sacred Heart Review
59:Show map of Connecticut
2708:Islands of Connecticut
2527:Governor Clark Bissell
2276:Pac-Kit First Aid Kits
2087:Norwalk Youth Symphony
1934:Sheffield Island Light
1565:Sheffield Island Light
552:coal-fired power plant
547:
314:coal-fired power plant
180:7 ft (2.1 m)
177:Highest elevation
172:144 acres (58 ha)
2728:Ignatian spirituality
2557:Governor Thomas Fitch
2501:Matthias Sention, Jr.
2199:Business and industry
2165:South Norwalk Station
2016:Beth Israel Synagogue
1676:Norwalk rail accident
1545:Peck Ledge Lighthouse
1469:Beth Israel Synagogue
1393:Connecticut panhandle
622:electrical substation
545:
153:41.07472°N 73.41000°W
2271:North American Power
2169:East Norwalk Station
1978:Richard C. Briggs HS
1540:Pine Island Cemetery
1369:Norwalk, Connecticut
730:List of Jesuit sites
570:and the surrounding
370:Norwalk, Connecticut
239:Norwalk, Connecticut
55:coast of Connecticut
2466:Matthew Marvin, Sr.
2461:Matthew Marvin, Jr.
2226:Dooney & Bourke
2185:Perry Avenue Bridge
1550:Perry Avenue Bridge
1333:Manresa Association
1120:News 12 Connecticut
725:Coastal Connecticut
628:Redevelopment plans
538:Manresa power plant
500:Bishops of Brooklyn
492:Spiritual Exercises
452:provincial superior
399:, in 1888 or 1889.
302:Spiritual Exercises
158:41.07472; -73.41000
149: /
53:Location along the
23:
2687:WikiProject Cities
2677:Connecticut Portal
2486:Nathaniel Richards
2082:Norwalk Yacht Club
1899:Greens Ledge Light
1889:Calf Pasture Beach
1744:Senate District 25
1490:Greens Ledge Light
1478:Enos Kellogg House
1293:Arcadia Publishing
1228:Arcadia Publishing
1162:Bender, Arthur C.
712:Connecticut portal
548:
464:Fordham University
444:religious retreats
374:Calf Pasture Beach
364:, at the mouth of
241:, at the mouth of
2713:Long Island Sound
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2604:Charles C. Swartz
2157:Merritt 7 Station
2004:
2003:
1956:Primary/secondary
1942:
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1904:Long Island Sound
1707:
1706:
1653:Battle of Norwalk
1525:Norwalk City Hall
1302:978-0-7385-7382-3
1237:978-1-4671-2116-3
576:transmission line
403:Manresa Institute
362:Long Island Sound
247:Long Island Sound
228:
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126:Long Island Sound
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2672:Norwalk Category
2562:Ebenezer J. Hill
2542:Jeremiah Donovan
2532:Thomas B. Butler
2386:Matthew Canfield
2376:Stephen Beckwith
2354:
2266:Nash Engineering
2161:Rowayton Station
2113:Boston Post Road
1973:Brien McMahon HS
1953:
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1486:Gallaher Mansion
1457:
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1408:Fairfield County
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330:ground pollution
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366:Norwalk Harbor
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312:constructed a
308:In the 1950s,
251:Boutons Island
243:Norwalk Harbor
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475:Easter Sunday
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468:School of Law
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259:South Norwalk
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192:United States
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2655:Daniel Walsh
2645:Tarvis Simms
2640:Travis Simms
2630:Randy LaJoie
2506:Richard Webb
2476:Widow Morgan
2436:Ralph Keeler
2401:John Gregory
2396:Thomas Fitch
2306:Southern Air
2231:Easton Press
2206:Abaris Books
2190:U.S. Route 7
2133:CT Route 136
2128:CT Route 123
1908:
1873:West Norwalk
1823:East Norwalk
1760:Bruce Morris
1750:Chris Perone
1732:
1720:
1647:Tryon's raid
1612:Roger Ludlow
1319:Google Books
1317:– via
1311:. Retrieved
1287:
1274:. Retrieved
1265:
1254:Google Books
1252:– via
1246:. Retrieved
1222:
1209:. Retrieved
1182:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1170:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1118:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1087:
1062:. Retrieved
1053:
1043:
1038:, p. 20
1008:, p. 28
1001:
996:, p. 13
977:, p. 30
970:
965:, p. 32
958:
953:, p. 50
946:
941:, p. 24
934:
929:, p. 27
922:
917:, p. 24
910:
905:, p. 14
898:
893:, p. 21
878:, p. 22
871:
866:, p. 13
859:
847:
835:
830:, p. 30
825:
800:, p. 74
785:, p. 12
763:. Retrieved
759:
749:
666:
663:Biodiversity
658:
650:staging area
643:
631:
604:
588:
549:
497:
490:
472:
441:
378:
359:
320:much of the
307:
300:
271:
262:
250:
233:is a former
230:
229:
191:
18:
2609:Levi Warner
2515:Politicians
2491:John Ruscoe
2471:Isaac Moore
2431:Walter Hoyt
2416:Thomas Hale
2411:Samuel Hale
2381:John Bowton
2261:Media Storm
2236:EMCOR Group
2153:Metro North
2123:CT Route 53
2118:CT Route 33
2051:St. Matthew
2026:St. Phillip
1868:Wall Street
1858:Spring Hill
1770:Terrie Wood
1734:State Reps.
1672:(1852–1887)
1641:Nathan Hale
1608:(1634–1638)
1388:Connecticut
1131:October 27,
1006:Matteo 2011
975:Matteo 2011
963:Matteo 2011
951:Matteo 2011
939:Matteo 2011
927:Matteo 2011
903:Matteo 2011
891:Matteo 2011
876:Matteo 2011
864:Matteo 2011
854:, p. 9
852:Matteo 2011
671:as well as
580:Long Island
572:tidal flats
435: 1896
383:across the
322:tidal flats
295:, in which
283:as well as
237:located in
203:Connecticut
156: /
132:Coordinates
2702:Categories
2251:GE Capital
2056:St. Thomas
2036:St. Joseph
2031:St. Jerome
1968:Norwalk HS
1963:Norwalk PS
1853:South Main
1848:Silvermine
1725:(current:
1713:Government
1606:Pequot War
1555:Rock Ledge
1433:New Canaan
1398:Gold Coast
1200:(Report).
798:Grant 2014
736:References
673:intertidal
639:solar farm
591:NRG Energy
508:Ogdensburg
342:NRG Energy
144:73°24′36″W
2650:Mo Vaughn
2326:Trans-Lux
1948:Education
1828:The Green
1804:Geography
1618:Mahackemo
1098:March 21,
741:Citations
676:estuaries
389:carriages
338:oil spill
336:, and an
318:filled in
141:41°4′29″N
117:Geography
102:Etymology
2359:settlers
2357:Founding
2046:St. Mary
2009:Religion
1843:Cranbury
1838:Rowayton
1740:Bob Duff
1413:Westport
1313:July 21,
1307:Archived
1276:July 20,
1270:Archived
1248:July 21,
1242:Archived
1211:July 20,
1202:Archived
1184:July 21,
1125:Archived
1092:Archived
1088:The Hour
1064:July 21,
1058:Archived
765:July 21,
698:See also
688:wetlands
617:coal ash
612:dredging
564:fuel oil
512:Hartford
485:, where
481:city of
381:causeway
334:fuel oil
326:coal ash
291:city of
281:prelates
278:Catholic
255:causeway
122:Location
2211:Applera
2065:Culture
1686:20th c.
1663:19th c.
1628:18th c.
1599:17th c.
1452:History
1376:Related
1223:Norwalk
1156:Sources
682:on the
516:bishops
483:Manresa
479:Spanish
454:of the
356:History
293:Manresa
289:Spanish
274:retreat
267:Jesuits
245:in the
223:Norwalk
107:Manresa
2350:People
2331:Ventus
2221:Diageo
2216:CableU
1989:Higher
1794:AD 143
1784:AD 142
1774:AD 141
1764:AD 140
1754:AD 137
1722:Mayors
1700:(1952)
1678:(1853)
1655:(1779)
1649:(1779)
1643:(1776)
1637:(1755)
1620:(1640)
1614:(1640)
1428:Weston
1423:Wilton
1418:Darien
1299:
1234:
915:Bender
840:Bender
635:marina
510:, and
504:Albany
448:laymen
285:laymen
235:island
209:County
2341:Xerox
2316:Tauck
1882:Water
1205:(PDF)
1198:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
560:spill
385:marsh
199:State
111:Spain
2301:SoBe
1315:2019
1297:ISBN
1278:2019
1250:2019
1232:ISBN
1213:2019
1186:2019
1133:2023
1100:2021
1066:2019
828:1896
767:2019
644:The
637:, a
608:fill
446:for
219:City
169:Area
1792:(R–
1782:(R–
1772:(R–
1762:(D–
1752:(D–
1742:(D–
562:of
554:by
522:in
2704::
2167:,
2163:,
2159:,
1305:.
1295:.
1264:.
1240:.
1230:.
1169:.
1123:.
1117:.
1090:.
1086:.
1074:^
1056:.
1052:.
1028:^
1013:^
982:^
883:^
805:^
790:^
775:^
758:.
656:.
506:,
502:,
432:c.
376:.
352:.
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769:.
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