261:
305:
423:
27:
369:
121:
1289:
194:
1520:
453:
In the 1960s and 1970s, a modernised form of mansard roof, sometimes with deep, narrow windows, became popular for both residential and commercial architecture in many areas of the United States. In many cases, these are not true mansard roofs but flat on top, the sloped façade providing a way to
251:
In London in the 1930s, building regulations decreed that "a building (not being a church or a chapel) shall not be erected of, or be subsequently increased to, a greater height than 80 ft., exclusive of two stories in the roof, and of ornamental towers". This was to stop buildings blocking the
168:
is a horizontal, heavy timber directly under the intersection of the two roof surfaces.) A significant difference between the two, for snow loading and water drainage, is that, when seen from above, gambrel roofs culminate in a long crease at the main ridge beam, whereas mansard roofs form a
458:
stylistic elements and the "French eclectic" house style popular in the 1930s and 1940s, and in housing also offered a way to provide an upper storey despite height restrictions. Houses with mansard roofs were sometimes described as French
Provincial; architect
229:, reads, "Monsieur Mansard is said to have circumvented that senseless window tax of France by adapting the windowed roof that bears his name." This is improbable in many respects: Mansart was a profligate spender of his clients' money, and while a French
284:(1598–1666). Although he was not the inventor of the style, his extensive and prominent use of it in his designs gave rise to the term "mansard roof", an adulteration of his name. The design tradition was continued by numerous architects, including
136:
Two distinct traits of the mansard roof – steep sides and a double pitch – sometimes lead to it being confused with other roof types. Since the upper slope of a mansard roof is rarely visible from the ground, a conventional
81:), and reduce the overall height of the roof for a given number of habitable storeys. The upper slope of the roof may not be visible from street level when viewed from close proximity to the building.
153:, is a close cousin of the mansard. Both mansard and gambrel roofs fall under the general classification of "curb roofs" (a pitched roof that slopes away from the ridge in two successive planes).
625:
Mansard: A hipped roof with two pitches; the lower is the steeper, while the pitch approaching the ridge is much gentler, sometimes almost flat. Associated with Second Empire architecture.
175:
is often used as a synonym for a mansard but is also defined as an
American variation of a mansard with the lower pitches nearly vertical and larger in proportion to the upper pitches.
1194:
Report of the
Heights of Buildings Commission to the Committee on the Height, Size and Arrangement of Buildings of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York
236:
Later examples suggest that either French or
American buildings were taxed by their height (or number of storeys) to the base of the roof, or that mansards were used to bypass
1341:
379:
112:
in Europe (France, Germany and elsewhere) also means the attic or garret space itself, not just the roof shape and is often used in Europe to mean a gambrel roof.
248:
line, making any living space contained in a mansard roof exempt. A 1902 revision of the law permitted building three or even four storeys within such a roof.
427:
327:
Second Empire influence spread throughout the world, frequently adopted for large civic structures such as government administration buildings and
887:
244:
law had been in place since 1783, restricting the heights of buildings to 20 metres (65 feet). The height was only measured up to the
1279:
178:
In France and
Germany, no distinction is made between gambrels and mansards – they are both called "mansards". In the French language,
830:
665:
317:
1321:
1278:
1126:
1064:
1000:
944:
409:
708:
The
Century dictionary and cyclopedia: A work of universal reference in all departments of knowledge, with a new atlas of the world
260:
1238:
472:
69:
characterised by two slopes on each of its sides, with the lower slope at a steeper angle than the upper, and often punctured by
562:
Mansard: A roof made with slopes of different pitches, usually providing an upper floor of usable space within a roof structure.
1720:
1369:
214:. Often the decorative potential of the mansard is exploited through the use of convex or concave curvature and with elaborate
476:
352:
739:
1333:
1148:
321:
1313:
1192:
304:
210:
and offers a simple way to add one or more storeys to an existing (or new) building without necessarily requiring any
97:
586:
1715:
1569:
605:
990:
422:
1220:. City of New York, Board of Estimate and Apportionment, Committee on the City Plan. June 2, 1916. p. 259
1174:
455:
289:
31:
1309:
447:
439:
285:
35:
454:
conceal heating, ventilation and air-conditioning equipment from view. The style grew out of interest in
221:
One frequently seen explanation for the popularity of the mansard style is that it served as a method of
1294:
293:
233:
did exist, it was enacted in 1798, 132 years after
Mansart's death, and did not exempt mansard windows.
197:
A cross-sectional diagram of a timber-framed
Mansard roof; each of its four faces has the same profile.
169:
rectangular shaped crease, outlined by the curb beams, with a low-pitched roof inside this rectangle.
795:
309:
129:
101:
26:
1644:
1386:
1362:
488:
281:
125:
93:
39:
20:
1589:
1484:
966:
545:
mansard – two slopes on each of its four sides; one part very steep and curved, often with dormers
351:
elements. A mansard-topped tower became a popular element incorporated into many designs, such as
1624:
1489:
1394:
343:, the Second Empire influence spread to family residences and mansions, often incorporated with
770:
Report of the
Commissioners to Investigate the Cause and Management of the Great Fire in Boston
1654:
1634:
1519:
1504:
1215:
1122:
1095:
1060:
1054:
996:
940:
934:
883:
853:
826:
768:
661:
391:
138:
877:
820:
1534:
1459:
1116:
910:
654:
460:
695:
A dictionary of architecture and building, biographical, historical and descriptive: Vol. 3
1337:
336:
573:
105:
355:, Poughkeepsie, New York, which shows a large mansard-roofed structure with two towers.
120:
1710:
1499:
1419:
1355:
520:
348:
538:
1704:
1599:
1479:
1088:
443:
431:
222:
150:
85:
70:
1684:
1429:
1277:
879:
Sufficient Reason: Volitional
Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions
773:. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Rockwell & Churchill. 1873. p. 545
92:
built around 1550. This roof design was popularised in the early 17th century by
1674:
1659:
1629:
1584:
1554:
1509:
1494:
1449:
1409:
1399:
1326:
1022:
747:
557:
340:
1689:
1649:
1619:
1579:
1469:
1444:
1424:
1404:
463:
popularised it in the Los Angeles area, calling his houses Hollywood Regency.
344:
230:
193:
1330:
1544:
1439:
1297:
was created from a revision of this article dated 15 November 2018
1152:
858:. Vol. XXVIII (28). Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 355
328:
936:
European Cities & Technology Reader: Industrial to Post-Industrial City
1241:. Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, State of Washington
1664:
1464:
1414:
265:
157:
66:
613:
1549:
1454:
245:
211:
142:
62:
160:, with slopes on all sides of the building, and the gambrel is a curb
1669:
1614:
1609:
1559:
1056:
American Homes: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Domestic Architecture
269:
237:
215:
183:
89:
78:
74:
240:
restrictions. This last explanation is the nearest to the truth: a
992:
The Autumn of Central Paris: the Defeat of Town Planning, 1850–1970
1679:
1594:
1574:
1564:
1539:
740:"Modern 'Mansard' – a flat roof on top of a slated or tiled pitch"
507:
421:
332:
303:
259:
252:
light, and effectively mandated mansard roofs for tall buildings.
241:
207:
192:
187:
161:
119:
25:
971:. Vol. Fifth Volume. The House of Commons. 1874. p. 218
882:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 46.
206:
The mansard style makes maximum use of the interior space of the
19:"Mansard Roof" redirects here. For the Vampire Weekend song, see
1639:
1604:
1434:
1378:
1327:
What is the Mansard Roof, Advantages and Disadvantages Sheltered
1217:
Commission on Buildings Districts and Restrictions: Final Report
146:
1351:
1090:
American Houses: A Field Guide to the Architecture of the Home
789:
787:
446:
promoted the use of mansard roofs; rules requiring the use of
362:
320:
beginning in the 1850s, in an architectural movement known as
378:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
141:
with steep sides may be misidentified as a mansard roof. The
1275:
706:
Whitney, W. D., & Smith, B. E. (1906). Roof. def. 6. In
84:
The earliest known example of a mansard roof is credited to
1347:
450:
on tall buildings were conducive to the mansard design.
1173:
Landmarks Preservation Commission (November 18, 2008),
387:
852:
Department of State, United States of America (1888).
288:(1646–1708), his great-nephew, who is responsible for
73:. The steep roofline and windows allow for additional
339:. In the United States and Canada, and especially in
225:. One such example of this claim, from the 1914 book
1043:
Ambassade de Suisse, 2ème édition, août 1994, p. 26.
477:
Australian Commonwealth Railways CL class locomotive
100:
period. It became especially fashionable during the
1527:
1385:
822:
Written Into The Void: Selected Writings, 1990–2004
1087:
653:
316:The mansard roof became popular once again during
1342:Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism
1121:(1st ed.). University Press of Mississippi.
280:The style was popularised in France by architect
1176:GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA ANNEX
182:can be a term for the style of roof, or for the
434:, built in 1911, with a four-story mansard roof
1288:
1363:
855:Reports from the Consuls of the United States
656:Dictionary of Architecture & Construction
376:The examples and perspective in this section
312:in Paris. The mansard roof was added in 1866.
8:
912:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania: An Image Preserved
728:]. Paris: Dictionnaires Le Robert-VUEF.
164:roof, with slopes on only two sides. (The
1370:
1356:
1348:
1197:. M.B. Brown Printing and Binding Co. 1913
1115:Cawthon, Richard J.; Pace, Sherry (2005).
394:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1039:Jean-Jacques Fiechter / Benno Schubiger:
410:Learn how and when to remove this message
1305:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
933:Goodman, David C.; Chant, Colin (1999).
794:The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica.
428:Germania Life Insurance Company Building
500:
746:. Seamless Roofing Ltd. Archived from
697:(Vol. 3, p. 358). New York: Macmillan.
710:(Vol. 6, p. 5221). New York: Century.
684:(1998 ed.). Edinburgh: Chambers. 638.
7:
1094:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p.
1025:(30 July 1930). "The Mansard Roof".
968:Reports from Committees: Six Volumes
825:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
693:Sturgis, R. (1902). French roof. In
606:"Glossary – House Style Definitions"
560:. Michael Roberts & Associates.
14:
652:Harris, Cyril M. (January 1993).
16:Four-sided gambrel-style hip roof
1518:
1287:
720:Le Robert & Collins (2002).
473:Victorian Railways hopper wagons
367:
128:in Paris constructed during the
1118:Victorian Houses of Mississippi
543:, City of Rockville, Maryland,
318:Haussmann's renovation of Paris
98:architect of the French Baroque
1041:L’Ambassade de Suisse à Paris,
939:. Taylor & Francis Group.
475:resembled a mansard roof. The
353:Main Building (Vassar College)
1:
1059:. Black Dog & Leventhal.
722:Dictionnaire français-anglais
510:, 4th edition, 2000: mansard.
145:roof style, commonly seen in
96:(1598–1666), an accomplished
1322:An Illustrated Roof Glossary
989:Sutcliffe, Anthony (1970).
915:. Harmony Press. p. 17
876:Bromley, Daniel W. (2006).
390:, discuss the issue on the
264:The Landed Gentry House in
227:How to Make a Country Place
1739:
1086:Foster, Gerald L. (2004).
18:
1516:
1149:"Vassar College Archives"
909:Carney, Donna J. (1980).
726:French-English Dictionary
639:Oxford English Dictionary
479:also has a mansard roof.
819:Eisenman, Peter (2007).
1331:Architect Anton Giuroiu
1027:The Architect's Journal
800:Encyclopædia Britannica
682:The Chambers Dictionary
591:Encyclopædia Britannica
574:What is a Mansard Loft?
527:. Princeton University.
124:Mansard rooftops along
1721:Architectural elements
1283:
1263:Listen to this article
587:"Western architecture"
440:1916 Zoning Resolution
435:
313:
286:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
272:
198:
190:, directly within it.
156:The mansard is a curb
133:
77:of habitable space (a
42:
36:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
30:A mansard roof on the
1535:Air conditioning unit
1282:
680:"French". (1998). In
641:(2nd ed.). 1997.
540:Architecture Glossary
425:
307:
294:Dampierre-en-Yvelines
263:
196:
123:
29:
1344:, Bucharest, Romania
1314:More spoken articles
1239:"Mansard: 1960–1985"
1053:Walker, Les (1981).
604:Alexander, Francis.
388:improve this section
290:Château de Dampierre
130:Second French Empire
102:Second French Empire
32:Château de Dampierre
489:List of roof shapes
322:Second Empire style
126:Boulevard Haussmann
61:) is a multi-sided
21:Mansard Roof (song)
1336:2020-09-18 at the
1284:
796:"François Mansart"
585:Fleming, William.
436:
314:
273:
218:window surrounds.
199:
134:
43:
38:, great-nephew of
1716:Structural system
1698:
1697:
1280:
995:. Edward Arnold.
889:978-0-691-12419-3
420:
419:
412:
310:HĂ´tel de Besenval
186:living space, or
139:single-plane roof
1728:
1522:
1460:Half-hipped roof
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1151:. Archived from
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
986:
980:
979:
977:
976:
963:
957:
956:
954:
953:
930:
924:
923:
921:
920:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
791:
782:
781:
779:
778:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
736:
730:
729:
717:
711:
704:
698:
691:
685:
678:
672:
671:
660:(2nd ed.).
659:
649:
643:
642:
634:
628:
627:
622:
621:
612:. Archived from
601:
595:
594:
582:
576:
571:
565:
564:
558:"Building Terms"
554:
548:
547:
535:
529:
528:
517:
511:
505:
471:The roof of two
461:John Elgin Woolf
415:
408:
404:
401:
395:
371:
370:
363:
337:railway stations
282:François Mansart
94:François Mansart
40:François Mansart
1738:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1523:
1514:
1381:
1376:
1338:Wayback Machine
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1295:This audio file
1292:
1285:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1003:
988:
987:
983:
974:
972:
965:
964:
960:
951:
949:
947:
932:
931:
927:
918:
916:
908:
907:
903:
894:
892:
890:
875:
874:
870:
861:
859:
851:
850:
846:
837:
835:
833:
818:
817:
813:
804:
802:
793:
792:
785:
776:
774:
767:
766:
762:
753:
751:
738:
737:
733:
719:
718:
714:
705:
701:
692:
688:
679:
675:
668:
651:
650:
646:
636:
635:
631:
619:
617:
603:
602:
598:
584:
583:
579:
572:
568:
556:
555:
551:
537:
536:
532:
519:
518:
514:
506:
502:
497:
485:
469:
416:
405:
399:
396:
385:
372:
368:
361:
302:
278:
258:
256:History and use
204:
118:
104:(1852–1870) of
88:on part of the
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Butterfly roof
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1324:
1307:
1293:
1286:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:External links
1255:
1252:
1251:
1230:
1207:
1184:
1165:
1140:
1127:
1107:
1078:
1065:
1045:
1032:
1014:
1001:
981:
958:
945:
925:
901:
888:
868:
844:
832:978-0300111118
831:
811:
783:
760:
731:
712:
699:
686:
673:
667:978-0070268883
666:
644:
629:
596:
577:
566:
549:
530:
512:
499:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
484:
481:
468:
467:Transportation
465:
418:
417:
400:September 2020
382:of the subject
380:worldwide view
375:
373:
366:
360:
357:
349:Gothic Revival
301:
298:
277:
274:
257:
254:
203:
200:
117:
116:Identification
114:
71:dormer windows
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:Roof sheeting
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Lightning rod
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:Roof elements
1526:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Sawtooth roof
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Pavilion roof
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1296:
1256:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1155:on 2018-06-29
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1130:
1128:9781617035333
1124:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1068:
1066:9781579122522
1062:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1004:
1002:9780713155495
998:
994:
993:
985:
982:
970:
969:
962:
959:
948:
946:9780415200790
942:
938:
937:
929:
926:
914:
913:
905:
902:
891:
885:
881:
880:
872:
869:
857:
856:
848:
845:
834:
828:
824:
823:
815:
812:
801:
797:
790:
788:
784:
772:
771:
764:
761:
750:on 2011-07-01
749:
745:
741:
735:
732:
727:
723:
716:
713:
709:
703:
700:
696:
690:
687:
683:
677:
674:
669:
663:
658:
657:
648:
645:
640:
633:
630:
626:
616:on 2009-10-24
615:
611:
607:
600:
597:
592:
588:
581:
578:
575:
570:
567:
563:
559:
553:
550:
546:
542:
541:
534:
531:
526:
522:
516:
513:
509:
504:
501:
494:
490:
487:
486:
482:
480:
478:
474:
466:
464:
462:
457:
451:
449:
445:
444:New York City
441:
433:
432:New York City
429:
424:
414:
411:
403:
393:
389:
383:
381:
374:
365:
364:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:, as well as
330:
325:
323:
319:
311:
306:
300:Second Empire
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
275:
271:
267:
262:
255:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
223:tax avoidance
219:
217:
213:
209:
201:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
151:North America
148:
144:
140:
131:
127:
122:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:Pierre Lescot
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:(also called
52:
48:
41:
37:
33:
28:
22:
1675:Solar panels
1590:Hanging beam
1485:Rhombic roof
1475:Mansard roof
1474:
1455:Gambrel roof
1430:Conical roof
1243:. Retrieved
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1216:
1210:
1199:. Retrieved
1193:
1187:
1175:
1168:
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1143:
1132:. Retrieved
1117:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1089:
1081:
1070:. Retrieved
1055:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1023:Fry, Maxwell
1017:
1006:. Retrieved
991:
984:
973:. Retrieved
967:
961:
950:. Retrieved
935:
928:
917:. Retrieved
911:
904:
893:. Retrieved
878:
871:
860:. Retrieved
854:
847:
836:. Retrieved
821:
814:
803:. Retrieved
799:
775:. Retrieved
769:
763:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
743:
734:
725:
721:
715:
707:
702:
694:
689:
681:
676:
655:
647:
638:
632:
624:
618:. Retrieved
614:the original
609:
599:
590:
580:
569:
561:
552:
544:
539:
533:
524:
515:
503:
470:
452:
437:
406:
397:
377:
359:20th century
326:
315:
279:
250:
235:
226:
220:
205:
179:
177:
172:
171:
165:
155:
135:
109:
106:Napoléon III
83:
58:
54:
51:mansard roof
50:
46:
44:
1685:Weathervane
1660:Roof window
1630:Roof garden
1625:Roof batten
1555:Collar beam
1510:Tented roof
1495:Saddle roof
1490:Ridged roof
1450:Gablet roof
1410:Bochka roof
1400:Barrel roof
1395:Arched roof
1387:Roof shapes
637:"Mansard".
610:House Proud
525:WordNet 3.0
442:adopted by
341:New England
173:French roof
55:French roof
1705:Categories
1690:Wind brace
1655:Roof truss
1650:Roof tiles
1640:Roof ridge
1620:Ridge vent
1580:Green roof
1470:Onion dome
1445:Gable roof
1425:Clerestory
1405:Board roof
1310:Audio help
1301:2018-11-15
1245:2020-05-19
1224:2011-03-14
1201:2011-03-14
1159:2015-03-10
1134:2011-03-14
1101:2011-03-14
1072:2011-03-14
1029:: 157–160.
1008:2011-03-14
975:2011-03-14
952:2011-03-14
919:2011-03-14
895:2011-03-14
862:2011-03-14
838:2011-03-14
805:2011-03-14
777:2011-03-14
754:2011-03-14
620:2010-03-30
495:References
456:postmodern
345:Italianate
329:city halls
231:window tax
202:Advantages
1505:Shed roof
1440:Flat roof
744:Permadeck
521:"mansard"
392:talk page
276:Early use
59:curb roof
1665:Skylight
1635:Roofline
1570:Flashing
1545:Catslide
1465:Hip roof
1415:Bow roof
1334:Archived
1312: ·
483:See also
448:setbacks
386:You may
266:Szczecin
242:Parisian
180:mansarde
158:hip roof
67:hip roof
1550:Chimney
1299: (
1270:minutes
246:cornice
212:masonry
143:gambrel
110:Mansard
65:-style
63:gambrel
47:mansard
1670:Soffit
1615:Rafter
1610:Purlin
1585:Gutter
1560:Dormer
1125:
1063:
999:
943:
886:
829:
664:
333:hotels
270:Poland
238:zoning
216:dormer
184:garret
90:Louvre
79:garret
75:floors
1711:Roofs
1680:Spire
1595:Joist
1575:Gable
1565:Eaves
1540:Attic
1379:Roofs
1180:(PDF)
724:[
508:AMHER
208:attic
188:attic
162:gable
147:barns
34:, by
1605:Loft
1435:Dome
1123:ISBN
1061:ISBN
997:ISBN
941:ISBN
884:ISBN
827:ISBN
662:ISBN
438:The
426:The
347:and
335:and
308:The
166:curb
1096:262
430:in
292:in
149:in
57:or
49:or
1707::
1340:,
1329:,
798:.
786:^
742:.
623:.
608:.
589:.
523:.
324:.
296:.
268:,
108:.
45:A
1371:e
1364:t
1357:v
1316:)
1308:(
1303:)
1272:)
1268:7
1265:(
1248:.
1227:.
1204:.
1162:.
1137:.
1104:.
1075:.
1011:.
978:.
955:.
922:.
898:.
865:.
841:.
808:.
780:.
757:.
670:.
593:.
413:)
407:(
402:)
398:(
384:.
132:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
