124:Álvarez's store became one of the largest in New Mexico. He was a resourceful individual, "an artful dodger and a pragmatist of the highest order", and became a wealthy and influential member of Santa Fe society both before and after the U.S. took control. He was critical of the Mexican government but a friend of the Mexicans, although he said of them, "They were too gullible, especially to the polished chicanery of American Merchants."
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On 21 March 1839 he was appointed United States consul at Santa Fe. He did not receive a formal "exequator" from the government of Mexico, but was informally permitted to act as consul by the governor. He reached Santa Fe in July 1839, finding no seal, flag, coat of arms or other normal consular
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for permission to go out and talk with the leader, but was refused. Alvarez later was wounded and narrowly escaped death from an angry crowd. This crisis blew over, and Álvarez served as acting consul until the U.S. occupation in 1846.
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of 1841, which the
Mexicans saw as a military invasion, created a crisis in Santa Fe. The local American merchants were subject to popular and official attacks. When the expedition approached Santa Fe, Alvares asked Governor
103:(1810–1821). In 1829 the Mexican government expelled all Spanish nationals, so Álvarez had to leave New Mexico. For a few years Álvarez was a free trapper in the Rocky Mountain fur trade, then a brigade leader for the
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Manuel Álvarez was born in Spain around 1794. In 1818 he left Spain, reaching Mexico in 1819. In 1823 he left Mexico and travelled via Cuba to
Missouri, then continued from St. Louis west to
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On 20 June 1850 a popular vote ratified the New Mexico "state" constitution, and Álvarez was elected lieutenant-governor of New Mexico. For a period he was acting
Governor while Governor
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forbade the assumption of civil power by the elected officials. The result was a deadlock that lasted for several months. On 9 September 1850 the U.S. Senate passed a
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was appointed governor with effect as of 3 March 1851, succeeding John Munroe. Álvarez served as an official in the territorial government until his death.
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On 18 March 1846 Álvarez was appointed the commercial agent of the United States at Santa Fe, receiving his commission after
General
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that included an act to organize a government for New Mexico as a territory, and this overrode the state legislature.
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had been signed in
February 1848, Álvarez strongly supported admitting New Mexico into the union as a state.
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entered the city on 15 August 1846 and took control of New Mexico for the United States. After the
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83:(c.1794 – 5 July 1856) was a Spanish-born Santa Fe trader who became lieutenant-governor of
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Meier, Matt S.; Gutiérrez, Margo (2003). "ÁLVAREZ, MANUEL, 1794-1856".
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New Mexico's Royal Road: Trade and Travel on the
Chihuahua Trail
441:"Review of Manuel Alvarez, 1794-1856: A Southwestern Biography"
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The
Leading Facts of New Mexican History, Vol II (Softcover)
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to Álvarez, French was among the languages he spoke.
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Manuel
Alvarez, 1794-1856: a southwestern biography
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540:Members of the New Mexico Territorial Legislature
356:The Mexican American Experience: An Encyclopedia
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461:Adventures in the Santa Fé Trade, 1844-1847
154:was absent. However, the military Governor
127:Based on a letter from the Auguste Lacome,
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412:Twitchell, Ralph Emerson (2007-04-01).
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360:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
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107:, returning to Santa Fe around 1834.
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560:19th-century American businesspeople
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169:He died at Santa Fe on 5 July 1856.
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565:19th-century American legislators
458:Webb, James Josiah (1995-05-28).
74:Lieutenant-governor of New Mexico
545:People from Santa Fe, New Mexico
499:. University Press of Colorado.
391:. University of Oklahoma Press.
385:Moorhead, Max L. (1995-04-01).
111:equipment when he arrived. The
550:Businesspeople from New Mexico
439:Vigil, Ralph H. (1992-01-01).
1:
335:"Manuel Alvarez (1794-1856)"
145:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
101:Mexican War of Independence
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493:Chávez, Thomas E. (1990).
282:Meier & Gutiérrez 2003
113:Texan Santa Fe Expedition
555:Immigrants to New Spain
464:. U of Nebraska Press.
445:Great Plains Quarterly
105:American Fur Company
97:Santa Fe, New Mexico
48:Santa Fe, New Mexico
230:, pp. 220–221.
16:American politician
418:. Sunstone Press.
339:Legends of America
240:Legends of America
506:978-0-87081-211-8
471:978-0-8032-9772-2
425:978-0-86534-566-9
398:978-0-8061-2651-7
371:978-0-313-31643-2
215:, pp. 97–98.
141:Stephen W. Kearny
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44:5 July 1856
524:Categories
512:2012-07-11
477:2012-07-11
450:2012-07-11
431:2012-07-11
404:2012-07-11
377:2012-07-11
344:2012-07-11
228:Vigil 1992
185:References
85:New Mexico
63:Occupation
213:Webb 1995
190:Citations
173:See also
58:American
327:Sources
32:c. 1794
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91:Trader
66:Trader
35:Spain
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41:Died
29:Born
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