166:
United States was not alien to this process, nor was the Great
Britain. Throughout this period the movements of Germany, as well as those of Italy and Japan would be carefully followed by the intelligence services of both nations. In August 1937, the Foreign Office was notified that German and Italian agents were having an active participation in Mexico, even suggesting that the conflict in the oil industry was being funded with money from these nations. A letter written by Baron Von Collenberg, Minister Plenipotentiary of Germany to Mexico, was intercepted by the British Consulate. The letter was addressed to Manuel Santillán, General Director General of the National Petroleum Administration, with intentions of establishing a commercial agreement between Mexico and Germany. The Germans were interested in buying 100,000 barrels of oil type Panuco. (Paz 91, Schuler 72)
162:
products in general. It was also given the responsibility of regulating the domestic petroleum markets and training
Mexican personnel in all aspects of the industry. Petromex lasted only until September 1934, when it was dissolved owing to a lack of interest on the part of the investing public, and the assets and shares of the company were transferred to the Control de Administración del Petróleo Nacional. In November 1936 a law was passed that expropriated for the state all assets considered to be of public utility, including oil and natural gas, and in January 1937 the state-owned Administración General del Petróleo Nacional was created to explore and develop the national reserves that were assigned to it.
122:(UNAM). He was the Director of the Geological National Institute (Instituto de Geología, Geofísica y Geodesia) from January 21, 1932, to January 21, 1941. One of his first actions as director was to request the transfer of the duplicates of fossils and minerals, which were guarded by the Secretary Agriculture and Development, to the Geological National Institute (UNAM). In this way began to consolidate Collection of Paleontology at the Institute (Carreño and Montellano-Ballesteros 140).
144:, Manuel Santillán held four cabinet-level positions: Subsecretary of the Department of National Economy, 1935–36; Member of the technical Commission of the Presidency, 1935; Director of the National Petroleum Administration, 1937–1938 (a government organization formed to handle government-owned petroleum properties); and Subsecretary of Public Works, 1938-40. Manuel Santillán was one of the founding members of the
202:(PRM Party of the Mexican Revolution) leadership. During his tenure only Tlaxcala was the only state in Mexico that improved socioeconomic development and reach an income level proportionate to its population (Ai Cap 206). He reassumed the direction National Geological Institute from February 1 to May 31 of 1945 (Gómez-Caballero 167). He was president of the Sociedad Geológica en México from 1946 to 1947.
181:
sided with oil workers striking against foreign-owned oil companies for an increase in pay and social services. On March 18, 1938 citing the 27th article of the 1917 constitution, President Lázaro Cárdenas embarked on the state-expropriation of all resources and facilities, nationalizing the United
165:
Manuel
Santillán was the Director of the National Petroleum Administration from January 1937 to May 6, 1938. By 1936, Germany displaced Great Britain, and became the second-largest trading partner of Mexico after the United States. The oil production was a source of great potential importance. The
161:
In
December 1933 a Congressional decree established Petróleos de México S.A. (Petromex)--a publicly traded company in which just Mexican nationals could purchase equity—with the purpose of supplying the fuel requirements of the National Railways in particular and the domestic market with petroleum
227:" Estudio preliminar de las zonas mineralizadas que se encuentran a uno y otro lado de la carretera en proyecto entre Durango, Durango, y Mazatlán, Sinaloa." México, Departamento de exploraciones y estudios geológicos, Folleto de divulgacion 24 (Feb. 1927).
446:
Carreño, Ana Luisa, y
Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol. "La Paleontología mexicana; pasado, presente y futuro." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 52 . 2 (2005) : 137–147<boletinsgm.igeolcu.unam.mx/epoca04/5702/(2)Carreno.pdf>
215:
El Cerro de
Mercado, Durango: por una comisión del Instituto geológico de México, formada por los señores: Ingeniero de minas Leopoldo Salazar Salinas ... Pedro Gonzalez ... Manuel Santillán ... Antonio Acevedo; petrógrafo, A.R. Martínez
125:
Santillán served as consulting
Engineer to the Presidency, 1933. In 1934, he became Chief Geologist of the Department of National Economy. On November 9, 1936, Santillan opened the inaugural session of 146th Meeting of The
127:
224:" Informe preliminar de varias zonas mineralizadas de la parte norte y noroeste del Estado de Guerrero." México, Departamento de exploraciones y estudios geológicos, Folleto de divulgación 18 (May 1926).
377:
Informe del C. Ing. Manuel
Santillán, gobernador constitucional del estado, rendido ante el H. Congreso Local el día 1o. de abril de 1944 con motivo del tercer año de su administración gubernamental.
221:"Informe preliminar de varias zonas mineralizadas de la parte central del Estado de Guerrero." México, Departamento de exploraciones y estudios geológicos, Folleto de divulgación 15 (Oct. 1925).
776:
766:
389:
Antecedentes y bases para la organización de la empresa que se encargará de instalar la fábrica para la producción de celulosa y papel en las inmediaciones de
Ziracuaretiro, Mich.
455:"La Reunión en la Ciudad de México del Instituto Americano de Ingenieros de Minas y Metalurgistas." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 9 . 4 (1937) : 213-214 <
182:
States and Anglo –Dutch operating companies, creating PEMEX. In retaliation, many foreign governments closed their markets to
Mexican oil. In spite of the boycott,
693:
Gómez-Caballero, J. Arturo. "Aspectos históricos de la geología en México." Boletín de la Sociedad de Geológica Mexicana, 52 . 2 (2005) : 149- 185. <
29:
Manuel Santillán, the youngest of three sons (Adalberto, the oldest, and Isuaro, in the middle), was born on September 29, 1894, in the Hacienda de Xalostoc (
627:
582:
537:
488:
551:
796:
506:
457:
230:"Geología minera de la región comprendida entre Durango, Dgo., y Mazatlán, Sin., a uno y otro lado de la carretera en proyecto entre esas ciudades."
383:
Estudio para el aprovechamiento industrial de los bosques en la Cuenca del Tepalcatepec y estado que guardan las comunidades indigenas de Michoacán.
57:
786:
433:
Powell Calvert, Philip. "The odonate collections of the California Academy of Sciences from Baja California and Tepic, Mexico, of 1889–1894."
596:
337:
Instituto de geológico. Cartas geológicas y geológico-mineras de la República mexicana. No. 2. México, Talleres Gráficos de la nación, 1936.
697:
145:
91:
He was named Chief of Geologists for Mining and Petroleum in the Mexican Department of Industry and Commerce in 1929. In April 1929,
199:
186:
developed into one of the largest oil companies in the world and helped Mexico become the fifth-largest oil exporter in the world.
791:
119:
80:
in 1928. They published their results with a geological map in 1930. Many of the fossils obtained by Santillan and Barrera near
719:
297:
México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geología, Geofísica y Geodesia : Editorial "Cvltvra", 1933-
761:
256:
Las posibilidades petrolíferas en la costa occidental de la Baja California, entre los paralelos 30 y 32 de latitud norte."
781:
198:, from January 15, 1941, to October 4, 1944, and was forced to resign as governor because he tried to oppose the national
30:
175:
771:
680:
Ai Camp, Roderic. "A Reexamination of Political Leadership and Allocation of Federal Revenues in Mexico, 1934-1973."
96:
85:
342:
Congres International, des Mines, de la. Metallurgie, et de la Geologie Appliquee - Paris, 20-26 octobre 1935.
92:
558:
41:
81:
513:
464:
363:
Carta geológica de la República Mexicana / Instituto Geológico de Mexico, Director Ing. Manuel Santillán.
111:
667:
Mexico Between Hitler and Roosevelt: Mexican Foreign Relations in the Age of Lázaro Cárdenas, 1934-1940.
178:
141:
52:
and geodesic engineering; the second degree in Mining and Metallurgical Engineering; and the third in
756:
751:
195:
545:
Martínez Portillo, J. "Crónica de la velada efectuada en la noche del Jueves 4 de febrero de 1937"
73:
23:
603:
401:
694:
621:
576:
531:
482:
310:
México: Talleres gráficos de la Nación : Nacional de México, Instituto de Geología, 1936.
244:
Geología de la región comprendida entre Durango. México: Talleres gráficos de la nación, 1929.
53:
69:
45:
701:
77:
658:
Paz Salinas, Maria Emilia. "La expropiación petrolera y el contexto internacional."
745:
237:"Geologia minera de las regiones norte, noroeste y central del Estado de Guerrero."
723:
590:<López Ramos, Ernesto. "Desarrollo Histórico de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana.
327:"Algunas investigaciones sobre platino en México" Report of the ... Session -
371:
El Instituto Geológico como dependencia de la Universidad Nacional de México.
504:"Lista de los miembros de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana hasta 1937" <
34:
104:
100:
49:
424:
Third edition. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995 : 661–663
373:
México: Universidad Nacional de México, Instituto de Geología, 1940.
128:
American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
340:"Developpement et importance de la geologie appliquee au Mexique."
286:
Carta geológico-minera del Estado de Durango por Manuel Santillán.
247:"Arcillas y arepas en Cerro Blanco, Tlaxcala, y sus alrededores."
183:
278:"Informe geologico relativo al mineral de Huitzuco, Guerrero."
356:
Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists
695:
http://boletinsgm.igeolcu.unam.mx/epoca04/5702/(3)Gomez.pdf
48:
and later received three engineering degrees. The first in
643:
Kluckhohn, Frank L. "Britain Again Asks Mexican Payment."
320:"Berilo y berilio en México." Report of the ... Session -
99:, commissioned Santillán to study the mineral deposits of
264:"El criadero de yeso de Apipilulco, Estado de Guerrero."
140:
Under the administration of the president of Mexico,
22:(September 29, 1894 – October 12, 1982) was a Mexican
133:
Manuel Santillán was named the Vice President of the
379:
Tlaxcala, Tlax.: Talleres Gráficas del Estado, 1944.
367:Mexico : Instituto geológico de México, 1937.
313:"El cobre en Mexico." Report of the ... Session -
435:Proceedings of the California academy of sciences
385:Uruapan, México: Comisión del Tepalcatepec, 1951.
271:"Estudio geologico sobre el mineral de Pachuca."
218:. México, Talleres graficos "La Helvetia": 1923.
777:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
76:, Santillán conducted explorations in northern
720:":: Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. ::"
767:Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
335:Carta geológico-minera del estado de Durango.
308:Carta geológico-minera del Estado de Durango.
8:
420:Ai Camp, Roderic. "Santillan Osorno, Manuel"
68:He began his career as a mining engineer in
37:), to Calixto Santillan and Manuela Osorno.
391:México: Ed. e Impr. Beatriz de Silva, 1953.
302:Sixteenth International Geological Congress
120:Instituto de Geología, Geofísica y Geodesia
290:Mexico: UNAM, Instituto de Geología, 1932.
205:He died in Mexico City, October 12, 1982.
40:Santillán finished preparatory studies at
592:Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
547:Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
437:, 4th ser. 23 . 41(1947) : 603–609
422:Mexican political biographies, 1935–1993.
239:Boletín del Instituto Geológico de México
232:Boletín del Instituto Geologico de México
331:Washington D. C. 2.62 (1936): 1110-1111.
324:Washington D. C. 2.62 (1936): 1091-1097.
266:Anales del Instituto Geologico de México
258:Anales del Instituto Geólogico de México
249:Anales del Instituto Geológico de México
107:rocks. He published the report in 1931.
58:National Autonomous University of Mexico
413:
295:Anuario del Instituto de Geología 1932.
626:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
619:
581:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
574:
536:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
529:
487:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
480:
56:from the School of Engineering at the
354:"Synopsis of the Geology of Mexico."
347:"Synopsis of the geology of Mexico."
7:
684:, 10 . 2 (Jan., 1976) : 193-212
549:, 10 . 3-4 (1938) : 133-135<
304:, Washington D. C. (1933): 386-387.
14:
329:International Geological Congress
322:International Geological Congress
315:International Geological Congress
300:"Cooper Resources of the World."
200:Institutional Revolutionary Party
797:20th-century Mexican politicians
146:Comisión Federal de Electricidad
682:The Journal of Developing Areas
361:Instituto Geológico de México.
209:Manuel Santillán's Publications
130:in Mexico City, November 9–15.
787:Universidad Veracruzana alumni
660:Revista Mexicana de Sociología
594:, 37 . 2 (1976) : 91-98 "
97:Geological Institute of Mexico
1:
662:, 50 . 3 (1988) : 75-96.
114:were the editors the journal
715:Sociedad Geológica en México
208:
135:Sociedad Geológica en México
282:, 6 (Jul. 1931) : 1-8.
813:
669:Santa Fe: UNM Press, 1999.
358:20.4 (Apr. 1936): 394-402.
293:and González, Enrique M.
170:Mexican oil expropriation
110:From 1931, Santillán and
351:81.2 (Mar. 1936): 35-37.
93:Leopoldo Salazar Salinas
88:(Loc. 647 U. C. Coll.).
86:University of California
792:20th-century geologists
647:, May 8, 1938 : 35
152:State oil expropriation
42:Universidad Veracruzana
20:Manuel Santillán Osorno
665:Schuler, Friedrich E.
103:and their relation to
762:Governors of Tlaxcala
275:2 (Feb. 1931): 29-41.
82:Arroyo Santa Catarina
782:People from Tlaxcala
344:2 (1936): 1035-1043.
254:and Barrera, Tomas.
196:Governor of Tlaxcala
190:Governor of Tlaxcala
268:28 (1930): 147-151.
137:from 1936 to 1941.
118:, published by the
112:Enrique M. González
24:geological engineer
772:Mexican geologists
700:2009-01-24 at the
402:List of geologists
95:, Director of the
16:Mexican politician
84:were left at the
54:civil engineering
804:
736:
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732:
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722:. Archived from
711:
705:
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678:
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512:. Archived from
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463:. Archived from
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317:(1935): 379-406.
70:Pachuca, Hidalgo
46:Jalapa, Veracruz
26:and politician.
812:
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742:
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712:
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702:Wayback Machine
692:
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597:"Archived copy"
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241:(1929): 47-102.
211:
192:
179:Lázaro Cárdenas
172:
159:
154:
142:Lázaro Cárdenas
78:Baja California
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
810:
808:
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645:New York Times
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280:Boletín Minero
276:
273:Boletín Minero
269:
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251:(1930): 83-95.
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228:
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191:
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171:
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158:
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72:in 1919. With
65:
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2:
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564:on 2011-07-22
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519:on 2011-07-22
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74:Tomas Barrera
71:
63:
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38:
36:
32:
27:
25:
21:
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
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681:
676:
666:
659:
652:
644:
639:
611:. Retrieved
604:the original
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566:. Retrieved
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514:the original
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465:the original
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64:Early career
39:
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757:1982 deaths
752:1894 births
746:Categories
730:2009-05-17
613:2009-05-17
568:2009-05-17
523:2009-05-17
474:2009-05-17
408:References
349:Oil Weekly
157:Background
176:president
174:In 1938,
148:in 1937.
698:Archived
622:cite web
577:cite web
532:cite web
483:cite web
396:See also
216:Quintero
60:(UNAM).
35:Tlaxcala
194:He was
116:Anuario
105:Miocene
101:Pachuca
50:geology
31:Tlaxco
607:(PDF)
600:(PDF)
562:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
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468:(PDF)
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184:PEMEX
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