119:
until her family obtained an exception with the assistance of the Cuban ambassador to Mexico. She studied chemistry there, encouraged by her mother to aim for career as a pharmacist, as engineering work was not open to women at that time. However, she was encouraged to study mathematics by one of her
154:
for several years, she joined the UNAM Faculty of
Engineering in 1951, and in 1952 began teaching as well in the Faculty of Sciences. She also worked as a researcher in the UNAM Institute of Geophysics, led by Monges. In this time, she also completed a master's thesis in
134:
There was at that time an arrangement that ENP chemistry students could enter the science program at UNAM, but Garín had to overcome bureaucratic opposition to her entry, which she did in 1937 with the intervention of geophysicist
Ricardo Monges López, entering alongside
445:
450:
89:, the family began working for the political opposition but in 1932, in fear for their lives, moved to Mexico, using counterfeit Spanish passports. In Mexico, she became an activist in the Communist Party.
364:
115:
Once in Mexico, Garín caught up on the
Mexican school curriculum through the Colegio Motolinía. But, because her Cuban education had omitted singing and sports, she was blocked from entering the
225:
440:
151:
43:
107:
and later a professor of economics at UNAM. Although initially studying mathematics, their daughter Tania Álvarez Garín became a ballerina and choreographer.
62:
305:
233:
61:(1 January 1914 – 30 April 2019) was a Spanish-born and Cuban-raised mathematician who became one of the first women to study mathematics at the
435:
175:
425:
81:
by moving to Cuba, where she was home-taught by her step-father, an engineer for a mining company. After several years, they moved to
190:
In 2020, a science contest for primary and secondary school girls was named in honor of Garín by the government of Mexico City.
430:
342:
415:
116:
389:
420:
85:
in Cuba, where she first entered formal schooling. In the economic and political crisis in Cuba under the reign of
366:
Anuncia
Gobierno capitalino reconocimiento "Manuela Garín Pinillo" para promover la ciencia en niñas adolescentes
164:
147:
136:
126:
104:
121:
98:
179:
168:
93:
410:
405:
160:
156:
82:
257:
86:
31:
159:, supervised by Remigio Valdés. As a professional mathematician, Garín specialized in
399:
182:. She retired as a professor emerita of the Faculty of Engineering of UNAM in 1989.
22:
178:
and in 1964 became the founding director of the School of
Advanced Studies of the
42:
78:
446:
Academic staff of the
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
258:"Conociendo a Manuela Garín Pinillos, Pionera de la Matemática en México"
74:
174:
In her later work, she helped found the
Institute of Geophysics in the
143:
26:
103:(1914–2014), was also a prominent activist, one of the leaders in the
353:, Mexican Mathematical Society: 67–85 – via Mujeres con ciencia
65:(UNAM). She has been named as a pioneer of mathematics in Mexico.
41:
139:, and becoming the first women in the UNAM Faculty of Sciences.
451:
Academic staff of the
National Autonomous University of Mexico
307:
Manuela Garín
Pinillos, Una pionera de la Matemática en México
226:"Muere Manuela Garín, pionera de las Matemáticas en México"
369:(in Spanish), Government of Mexico City, 11 February 2020
343:"Ecos del pasado ... luces del presente: Manuela Garín"
142:
After graduating, marrying, living with her husband in
310:(interview) (in Spanish), Mexican Mathematical Society
152:
Monterrey
Institute of Technology and Higher Education
92:She married Raúl Álvarez, an engineer. Their son,
441:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
35: and the second or maternal family name is
8:
299:
297:
77:, Spain. Her mother and step-father escaped
295:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
163:involving the mathematical modeling of the
304:Saavedra, P.; Neumann, M. (Spring 1997),
251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
219:
217:
215:
213:
211:
209:
207:
205:
203:
63:National Autonomous University of Mexico
199:
167:; she also worked on secondary-school
7:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
73:Garín was born on 1 January 1914 in
224:Petrich, Blanche (30 April 2019),
14:
390:Manuela Garín Pinillos de Álvarez
341:Gómez Wulschner, Claudia (2008),
317:– via Matemáticos en México
16:Spanish and Mexican mathematician
256:Pérez Sabino, Silvia Patricia,
176:Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán
1:
117:Escuela Nacional Preparatoria
436:Mexican women mathematicians
232:(in Spanish), archived from
25:, the first or paternal
426:Spanish emigrants to Mexico
150:, and then teaching at the
467:
20:
59:Garín Pinillos de Álvarez
105:Mexican Movement of 1968
392:, Matemáticos en México
122:Alfonso Nápoles Gándara
431:Mexican mathematicians
165:Earth's magnetic field
137:Enriqueta González Baz
47:
347:Miscelánea Matemática
180:Universidad de Sonora
169:mathematics education
45:
416:Mexican centenarians
161:applied mathematics
421:Women centenarians
157:probability theory
94:Raúl Álvarez Garín
48:
458:
377:
376:
375:
374:
361:
355:
354:
338:
319:
318:
316:
315:
301:
272:
271:
270:
269:
253:
238:
237:
221:
130:
102:
466:
465:
461:
460:
459:
457:
456:
455:
396:
395:
386:
381:
380:
372:
370:
363:
362:
358:
340:
339:
322:
313:
311:
303:
302:
275:
267:
265:
262:Revista Hypatia
255:
254:
241:
223:
222:
201:
196:
188:
124:
113:
111:Academic career
96:
87:Gerardo Machado
71:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
464:
462:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
398:
397:
394:
393:
385:
384:External links
382:
379:
378:
356:
349:(in Spanish),
320:
273:
239:
198:
197:
195:
192:
187:
184:
112:
109:
70:
67:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
463:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
401:
391:
388:
387:
383:
368:
367:
360:
357:
352:
348:
344:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
321:
309:
308:
300:
298:
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
274:
263:
259:
252:
250:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:on 2019-05-05
235:
231:
227:
220:
218:
216:
214:
212:
210:
208:
206:
204:
200:
193:
191:
185:
183:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
132:
128:
123:
118:
110:
108:
106:
100:
95:
90:
88:
84:
83:Pinar del Río
80:
76:
69:Personal life
68:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
46:Manuela Garín
44:
38:
34:
33:
28:
24:
19:
371:, retrieved
365:
359:
350:
346:
312:, retrieved
306:
266:, retrieved
264:(in Spanish)
261:
234:the original
229:
189:
173:
141:
133:
114:
91:
72:
58:
54:
50:
49:
36:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
411:2019 deaths
406:1914 births
186:Recognition
125: [
97: [
79:World War I
400:Categories
373:2023-01-02
314:2023-01-02
268:2023-01-02
230:La Jornada
194:References
120:teachers,
148:Ensenada
75:Asturias
37:Pinillos
21:In this
144:Sinaloa
51:Manuela
27:surname
129:]
101:]
32:Garín
146:and
55:Mane
29:is
402::
351:47
345:,
323:^
276:^
260:,
242:^
228:,
202:^
171:.
131:.
127:ca
99:es
57:)
53:(
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
