Manx cat - Knowledge (XXG)

1133:, the Isle of Man Shorthair is essentially a fully tailed Manx cat. That is, it is a cat of Manx stock, with Manx features, but without any expression of the Manx taillessness gene. As of March 2013, it is only recognised by New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) with its own breed standard. Any coat colour and pattern acceptable in the British Shorthair is permissible in the IoM Shorthair (the same restriction is applied to the Manx in the NZCF standard), and it requires the double coat of the Manx. In other international registries (e.g. GCCF, who also treat Manx as a British Shorthair variant), such cats are designated "Tailed Manx" and only recognised as Manx breeding stock (they are important as such, since breeding two tailless Manx together results in birth defects), and cannot be show cats. 881:

country and cat organization referenced, rumpy, rumpy risers and stumpies are the only Manx cat tail types that fit the breed standard for Manx cats. The longer cat tail lengths seen in some Manx cats are considered a breed fault, although they occur as naturally in the breed, but not as often, as the shorter tails. Although these longer tail types are of purebred Manx ancestry, they do not possess the dominant gene so cannot pass it on. However, since the Manx tail mutation gene is dominant, these longer-tailed purebred Manx cats may still be used in breeding programs and may even be considered in an effort to help avoid the fatal spinal deformities that sometimes result in tailless Manx cats.

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the colours in this variety seem somewhat limited" and that the breed "does not comprise all the colours usually associated with other short-haired varieties". He reported only very common orange, common orange and white, common cream tabby, uncommon tortoiseshell, and very rare all-white specimens in 1903. Calico and point-coloured are notably absent from this list, as are even today's common colourful tabbies. However, writing in England only five years later, Barton suggested that "the Manx may be of any colour, but probably orange is the most frequently met with."

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considered separate breeds. The term "Tasman Rex" has been applied to cats with this gene that do not fall into one of the previously mentioned labels (lacking the Manx face and body shape to qualify), though relation if any to extant Rex mutation breeds is unclear. All of these additional terms beyond "Tasman Manx" appear to be "recognised", even promulgated by NZCF but without breed standards, and even the permissive Catz registry does not include them as of July 2014.

892:" to a stubby but distinct tail, which is kinked or curled and usually has a slightly bulbous and fluffy appearance; by contrast, the Manx has a straight tail when one is present at all. The Japanese Bobtail has a markedly different appearance from the Manx, and is characterized by almond-shaped eyes, a triangular face, long ears, and lean body, like many other Asian breeds. The gene responsible for the bobbed or kinked tail in that breed is 79: 869: 362:. Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head. Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited. Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the 5604: 994:, has a silky-textured double coat of medium length, with "breeches" (i.e. a distinct jump in fur length at the hocks giving the appearance of old-fashioned, baggy, knee-length pants ) belly ruff and neck ruff, tufts of fur between the toes and full "ear furnishings" (hairs in ears). The CFA considers the Cymric to be a variety of Manx and judges it in the short-hair division even though it is long-haired, while 1186: 931:

many smaller examples but only rare ones larger. The hind legs of Manx are notably longer than the fore legs, causing the rump to be higher than the shoulder and creating a continuous arch from shoulders to rump giving the cat an overall rounded or humped appearance, though the breed is comparatively long when stretched out. The fore legs are strong and straight. The shape is often described as

1276:. Very small bladders are indicative of the disease, and it is often difficult to diagnose. Death can occur quite suddenly, and some live for only 3–4 years; the oldest recorded was a female cat named Pharrah at 7 years when affected with the disease. In one report, it was shown to affect about 30% of Manx cats studied, but nearly all of those cases were rumpies, which exhibit the most extreme 965: 426:, where they remain a substantial but declining percentage of the local cat population. The taillessness arose as a natural mutation on the island, though folklore persists that tailless domestic cats were brought there by sea. They are descended from mainland stock of obscure origin. Like all house cats, including nearby British and Irish populations, they are ultimately descended from the 861: 790:. Tail length is random throughout a litter of kittens. Manx to non-Manx breeding will usually produce some Manx-type tail varieties in kittens. Whether the shorter tailed kittens of these varieties are labeled Manx is up to the breed standard consulted. Manx cats' tails are classified according to proportional tail length as kittens (the proportion does not change after birth): 399: 1690: 750: 1145:, i.e., a cat of Cymric (and thus Manx) stock, the Isle of Man Longhair has Cymric features, but without expression of the Manx taillessness gene. As of March 2013, it is only recognised as a separate breed by NZCF with a breed standard. Coat colours are limited to those acceptable in the British Shorthair, and requires the double, thick, long coat of the Cymric. 4532: 957: 725:, but noted that already by the time of his writing "if the judge understood the variety" a Manx would be clearly distinguishable from some other tailless cat being exhibited, "as the make of the animal, its movements and its general character are all distinctive." Not all cat experts of the day were favourable toward the breed; in 705:, as a named, distinct breed (and with the modern spelling "Manx"), since the late 1800s. In that era, few shows provided a Manx division, and exhibited specimens were usually entered under the "Any Other Variety" class, where they often could not compete well unless "exceptionally good in size and markings". Early pet 998:(TICA) judges it in the long-hair division as a distinct Cymric breed. The long-haired variety is of comparatively recent development. Lane wrote in 1903 that the Manx "to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, does not include any long-haired specimens", in his detailed chapter on the breed. 1573:

coins. The first two, issued in 1970 and 1975, are stand-alone releases in both copper-nickel and silver proofs, while the third, in 1988, inaugurated an ongoing series of annual cat coin issues that have also been produced in gold in various sizes; an almost-hidden Manx cat appears in the background

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HiSeq X Ten sequencer, down from original projections of £10,000 before the X Ten was available for non-human sequencing. The dramatic drop in costs allowed the first cat's sequencing to be done well ahead of the original schedule. MCGP has already identified the location of the mutation responsible

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the longer tails a few days after birth. Although illegal in many jurisdictions (including much of Europe), the practice was formerly recommended, although with the caveat that the commonness of the practice meant that many spurious Manx cats – i.e., random British cats – were altered to resemble the

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bloodlines (and none of the rex breeds are permitted as out-cross partners with Tasman Manx in Catz breeding guidelines). Depending on length of tail (if any) and coat, kittens may sometimes be termed "Tasman Cymric", "Tasman Isle of Man Shorthair" or "Tasman Isle of Man Longhair", but these are not

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Four new, consistent varieties have been developed from the Manx (the original version of which is now sometimes consequently called the Shorthair Manx). These are the Cymric (Longhair Manx), the Isle of Man Shorthair and Isle of Man Longhair, and the Tasman Manx, though only the Cymric has garnered

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Manx cats' heads are rounded in shape, and medium in depth with a long neck. The upright, round-tipped and front-facing ears are largish. The eyes are large, rounded, and prominent, with their outer corners higher than the inner ones. Absent any bloodlines with a dominant alternative eye color (such

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ancestry, have been celebrated on Isle of Man postage stamps since the 1980s, and recent publications often show marbled and spotted varieties. The original insular stock, however, were of less widespread variation. Lane, having "seen a great many of them" wrote of Manx cats that "t is curious that

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Manx cat postcards, a 1996 one-stamp decorative sheetlet, one stamp in a 1994 tourism 10-stamp booklet, a 1996 five-stamp series of Manx cats around the world, and a 1989 set of the breed in various coat patterns, plus two high-value definitives of 1983 and 1989. The cat appears prominently as the

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Manx are medium-sized cats, broad-chested with sloping shoulders and flat sides, and in show condition are firmly muscular and lean, neither bulky nor fatty. Lane reported the original, native breed as ranging typically from ten to twelve pounds for males and eight to ten pounds for females, with

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These beliefs about the Manx's behaviour were not described in the past. Lane's early and experienced account of the temperament of this "variety, which is quaint and interesting" is simply that they were "docile, good-tempered and sociable", and that a prize specimen should be "an alert, active

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gene were shown to be responsible for failure of tail development in the Manx cat, as well as four other tailless breeds of cat. Mutations in orthologs of this gene have been shown to cause tail-loss defects in a number of other species, notably the mouse. Mutations in the human version of the

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have been rumpy through stumpy specimens, with stubby and longy Manx not qualifying to be shown except in the "Any Other Variety" or household pet class. Kittens with complete tails may be born in a purebred Manx litter, having not inherited the taillessness appearance at all. Depending on the

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of the gene. Because of the danger of having two copies of the taillessness gene, breeders avoid breeding two entirely tailless Manx cats together. Because neither parent carries the tailless allele, a fully tailed Manx bred to another fully tailed Manx results in all fully tailed kittens.

627:, and an update of the Noah story. Because the gene is so dominant and "invades" other breeds when crossed (often without owner knowledge) with the Manx, there was a folk belief that simply being in the proximity of a Manx cat could cause other breeds to somehow produce tailless kittens. 905:

breed also has a short tail, and may be genetically related to the Manx. More will be clear about tail genetics as more genetic studies are done on cat populations and as DNA testing improves; most domestic animal genetic work has been done with dogs and livestock breeds.

2084:, and broke desert racing records shortly after its introduction. It was named after the cat, due to its design – short-bodied, tall-wheeled, and manoeuvrable. The original designer has revived and updated it as the "Manxter" (2000–present, Meyers Manx, Inc.). 2068:

road race (which the brand dominated for decades, until the 1970s), was long promoted with Manx cat badges, in the forms of both enameled metal pins and sew-on patches. The Manx Norton has experienced a major revival among modern enthusiasts of classic motorcycle racing.

2103:, features a very short tail (thus the name), has a 32.5 inch wingspan (in versions IV and V), can accommodate .19 to .35 engine sizes, and can be modified with a Dumas Spectrum "combat" wing. It was profiled in hobbyist magazines, like the February 1957 1375:(NCBI). It is the Isle of Man's first gene sequencing programme, with samples collected and data analysed by MCGP in the Isle of Man, with the input of scientists around the world, initial sequencing work being performed by the firm Edinburgh Genomics and the 757:

Although tail suppression (or tail length variety) is not the sole characteristic feature of the breed, the chief defining one of the Manx cat is its absence of a tail to having a tail of long length, or tail of any length between the two extremes. This is a

1169:, due a recessive mutation which arose in Manx litters in both Australia and New Zealand. As of March 2013, the breed is only recognised by the NZCF and the Catz Inc. registry (also of New Zealand) with breed standards. The coat may be short or semi-long. 1069:

The Cymric or Manx Longhair is a tailless or partially tailed cat of Manx stock, with semi-long to long hair, e.g. as the result of cross-breeding with Himalayan, Persian and other longer-haired breeds early in its development. While its name refers to

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One desired result of this research is the development of tests that can be used to keep the breed healthy by identifying cats which should not be bred. A minimum of three cats' genes will have to be sequenced to obtain the required genetic data.

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Manx (and other tail-suppressed breeds) do not exhibit problems with balance; balance is controlled primarily by the inner ear. In cats, dogs and other large-bodied mammals, balance involves but is not dependent upon the tail (contrast with

1046:). New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) does likewise for colour and markings, but requires a double-coat and other Manx-specific features that GCCF does not. Some other registries are even more restrictive, while others are more liberal. 572:

There are numerous folktales about the Manx cat, all of them of "relatively recent origin"; they are focused entirely on the lack of a tail, and are devoid of religious, philosophical, or mythical aspects found in the traditional

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and unrelated to the dominant Manx tail-suppression gene; the bobtail gene is not connected to any serious deformities, while the tail-suppression gene can, under certain conditions, give rise to a pattern of sometimes lethal

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The selected second sample is from a kitten that had to be euthanised for Manx syndrome, and it is hoped that this new sequence can identify the genetic specifics of the condition and why it only affects some offspring.

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patterns occurring in the breed today run the gamut of virtually all breeds due to extensive cross-breeding, though not all registries may accept all coats as qualifying for breeding or show. The most common coats are

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In the mid-1880s, Kermode still spells it "Manks" in a journal that already prefers "Manx". He reports "We have no representatives wild of the Cat Tribe or of the Dog Tribe" in his enumeration of native

1419:(GCCF) aids controlled study of a specific bloodline. Bonnag's samples were sent for sequencing in April 2016, with raw gene sequence results received by MCGP in August 2016; the laborious process of 1310:

Following on updated genetic research, both the Australian Cat Federation and (less stringently) the GCCF impose special breeding restrictions on Manx cats (and derived stock like the Cymric), for

782:" in Manx cats. Attempting to force the tailless trait to breed true by continually breeding tailless Manx cats to tailless Manx cats has led to increased negative, even fatal genetic disorders 689:

breed, but Manx, Japanese Bobtails and other short-tailed cats are not used in its breeding program, and the mutation seems to have appeared in the breed spontaneously. Possible relation to the

1280:. Feline expert Roger Tabor has stated: "Only the fact that the Manx is a historic breed stops us being as critical of this dangerous gene as of other more recent selected abnormalities." 3660: 980:

lengths. Short- or long-haired, all Manx have a thick, double-layered coat. The colour and pattern ranges exhibited should conform to the standards for that type of coat in non-Manx.

3590: 638:, purporting to explain why it has no or little tail, long hind legs and a sometimes hopping gait. The cat-rabbit halfbreed tale has been further reinforced by the more widespread " 1303:, which is a recurring condition causing constipation that can be life-threatening to the cat if not properly monitored. It is a condition in which, due to absence of a tail, the 948:

or related ancestry), Manx often have some hue variant of gold eyes, and for show purposes follow the eye colour standards of the same coat colour/pattern in non-Manx short-hairs.

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An Historical and Statistical Account of the Isle of Man, from the Earliest Times to the Present Date; with a View of its Ancient Laws, Peculiar Customs, and Popular Superstitions

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when it began to rain, and accidentally cut off the tail of the Manx cat who had almost been left behind. Over the years a number of cartoons have appeared on postcards from the

1582: 5643: 1087: 5638: 1042:(BSH), and thus requires that Manx cats to have one of the coat patterns that would be permissible in the BSH rather than any that is exclusive to a "foreign" type (e.g. 2227:

appears in this edition, it is a later interpolation in Kelly's 1805 manuscript, after 1835; like many entries in the 1866 published version, it directly cites Cregeen.

669:, though whether they are genetically related to maritime Manx cats or are a coincidentally similar result of insular genetic diversity limitations, like the unrelated 4322: 3974: 3767: 1372: 4006: 736:(CFA) (the predominant United States-based pedigreed cat registry, founded in 1908), which has records on the breed in North America going back to the 1920s. 592:

foundering in the area, though there is no evidence to suggest this actually occurred. Folklore has further claimed that a tailless cat swam ashore from said

5653: 3927: 2196:. Douglas, Isle of Man/London, England : Whittaker, Treacher & Arnot, et al. pp. 106 ("kayt"), 107 ("keiyt"), 122 ("Manninagh"), 193 ("stubbin"). 1704: 4157: 1459:

Manx are prized as hunters, known to take down larger prey (e.g. adult rats) even when they are young, and were thus long in demand for working roles like

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Hackett, Stacy N. (September 2009). "Long on Personality: Manx Enthusiasts Claim the Cat's Larger-than-life Personality Makes Up for Its Lack of a Tail".

4412: 2648: 5415: 4061: 2331:"In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets, An Evolutionary View of Domestication" 2095:

as the Manx Cat V, and in printed plan form as the Manx Cat I through IV, with progressively larger wings. Designed by Bob Buragas, the hand-launched

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that causes the cat severe pain, and in rare cases Manx-bred kittens are born with kinked short tails because of incomplete growth of the tail during

4950: 729:, Frank Townend Barton wrote in 1908: "There is nothing whatever to recommend the breed, whilst the loss of the tail in no way enhances its beauty." 108: 1121:(FFE) does not recognise the breed or sub-breed at all, under any name, as of October 2014 (their Manx standard was last updated 17 May 2004). 3227: 45: 4038: 1396:

What genes control tail length? (The Manx taillessness gene only determines whether the tail will be suppressed, not the extent of suppression.)

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The more common short-haired Manx – the original breed – has a coat with a dense, soft, under layer and a longer, coarse outer layer with

596:, and thus brought the trait to the island. However, tailless cats are not commonly known in Spain, even if such a shipwreck were proven. 5558: 3797: 2139: 3133: 1590:

subject of a large number of tourist goods and Manx pride items available on the island and over the Internet, serving (along with the

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Specific registries have particular, and differing, standards of points with regard to coloration and patterning. For example, the

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breed, another naturally occurring insular breed. The Japanese Bobtail always has at least some tail, ranging from a small "

196: 4126: 3449: 2221:(1866 reprint ed.). Douglas : Manx Society pp. 110 ("kaytlag"), 127–8 ("Manninagh, Mannanagh"), 177 ("stubbin"). 5455: 5450: 4214: 3032: 2952: 1252:

name given to the condition which results when the tailless gene shortens the spine too much. It can seriously damage the

717:, himself the owner of a prize-winning rare white rumpy Manx named Lord Luke, published the first known (albeit informal) 369:

Manx are prized as skilled hunters, and thus have often been sought by farmers with rodent problems, and been a preferred

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on each of the 1989-onward releases featuring other breeds. A Manx, with a kitten, was the featured cat again in 2012.

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for suppression of Bonnag's tail, the deletion of a single bit of genetic data among 2.8 billion making up the genome.

5648: 5584: 5470: 5445: 4965: 4833: 4783: 3088: 2018: 256: 4456: 4188: 2802: 2107:(which details the history of the different models, including a miniature Manx Kitten version), and the October 1958 1715: 4382: 3794:"Manx Cat Genome Project: A one-in-a-lifetime opportunity to be involved in investigation the genes of the Manx cat" 1383:

and by 99 Lives, and server resources donated by Isle of Man biomedical information technology company ServiceTech.

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Since Manx kittens are naturally born with any tail length, from none to long, it was formerly common to surgically

5628: 4940: 4562: 3996: 3280:. Ferntree Gully, Victoria, Australia: Co-ordinating Cat Council of Australia (CCCA). November 2012. Archived from 2773:

Rabbits, Cats and Cavies: Descriptive Sketches of All Recognized Exhibition Varieties, with Many Original Anecdotes

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song, "What Happened to the Manx Cat's Tail?", as the B-side of "Stein! Stein! Ev'rywhere We Go", on an 8-inch,

385:. Manx have been exhibited in cat shows since the 1800s, with the first known breed standard published in 1903. 5530: 5440: 4935: 3063: 1423:

has begun, to be followed by comparison with previously collected cat genomic data from 99 Lives, and eventual

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rumpy named Bonnag, selected because the registry of this dam (breeding female) and her kittens in the British

184: 4511: 4477: 3270: 2695: 2146:-style "elder gods". Like most modern comics, it features digitally-colored art, over hand-drawn pencil work. 1118: 987:. The overall appearance of the coat is fine, short and lying close to the skin, versus fluffy or voluminous. 144: 2652: 1117:

have explicit Cymric standards (published separately or along with Manx). Of the major registries, only the

5579: 5543: 5390: 2023: 1644: 1566: 1376: 1352: 189: 4069: 1165:, the Tasman Manx is a tailless or partially tailed Manx cat with a curly-haired coat not unlike that of a 373:

breed. They are said to be social, tame and active. An old local term for the cats on their home island is

5548: 3763: 1619: 1431:. Fundraising for the second genome to be sequenced by the project began September 2016; costs dropped to 1368: 1292: 759: 355: 161: 1629: 685:, is unknown. The Manx gene may be related to the similarly dominant tail suppression gene of the recent 5589: 5495: 5460: 4960: 4843: 4828: 4555: 3517: 2088: 1565:

The Isle of Man uses the Manx cat as one of the symbols of the island nation and its unique culture. On

1344: 1238: 1105:(GCCF) recognise the variety as a longer-haired Manx rather than "Cymric" (the CFA and CCCA call it the 714: 670: 661:

may be due to the arrival on the island of cats of Manx origin, by ship. Similar cats are also found in

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sequenced by the 99 Lives project in 2014). Bonnag was bred by Zoe Grundey at the Triskele Manx Cats

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showing scenes in which a cat's tail is being run over and severed by a variety of means including a

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Is there a genetic basis for any health problems associated with the breed other than Manx syndrome?

801:– having no tail at all, though often a small tuft of hair where the tail would have grown from the 5633: 5553: 5435: 5282: 5067: 5037: 4818: 4768: 4228: 4095: 3242: 1892: 1595: 458: 101: 2832: 2777: 2130:. The story involves "The Manx Cat", a statuette of such a cat that at first seems to be a simple 5505: 5410: 5202: 5112: 5027: 4993: 4975: 4696: 2985: 2308: 2061: 2031: 1767: 1436: 1428: 514: 466: 453:, the Manx taillessness gene, that eventually became common on the island because of the limited 682: 588:

on the coast of the island is often thought to have arisen from the local tale of a ship of the

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After the initial fundraising goal was reached in December 2015, the first cat sequenced was a

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folktales that seek to explain why the Manx has a truncated tail. In one of them, the biblical

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In 2013, prior to initiation of the Manx Cat Genome Project (below), genetic mutations in the

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The Manx cat that the narrator sees during a lunch party in chapter one of Virginia Woolf's

1356: 1019: 918: 885: 706: 686: 678: 674: 631: 435: 308: 574: 5490: 5182: 4907: 4753: 4729: 4689: 2624: 2489:(corrected reprint ed.). Douglas : Mona's Herald . pp. 18 ("cat"), 47 ("Manx"). 2463: 2194:

A Dictionary of the Manks Language with the Corresponding Words or Explanations in English

1781: 1578: 1420: 1269: 1027: 763: 427: 44: 3858: 1653:), and only the second cat of any breed to receive this level of study (the first was an 649:, only 250 miles (400 km) from the Isle of Man. A population on the small, isolated 237: 4459:. Wheathampstead, Herts., UK: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from 2771: 2346: 2302: 1435:

1,400 per cat in November 2015, and as of April 2016 dropped to about £1,200, using the

868: 5480: 5328: 5297: 5227: 5017: 4860: 4413:"Florrie Ford – Stein! Stein! Ev'rywhere We Go / What Happened to the Manx Cat's Tail?" 3695:

Mamm Genome. 2013 Oct;24(9-10):400-8. doi: 10.1007/s00335-013-9471-1. Epub 2013 Aug 15.

3470: 2365: 2330: 2143: 2065: 2003:'s Manx cat in Lawrence Block's "Burglar" series of mystery novels, first appearing in 1746: 1654: 1611: 1432: 1311: 1226: 893: 718: 624: 589: 462: 3638: 1359:

that make the Manx distinct from other cat populations, and to contribute data to the

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Populations of tailless cats also exist in a few other places in Europe, most notably

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art, also appears on the island's 1980–83 penny. The breed figures on numerous

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that normally contracts to push stools toward the rectum loses its ability to do so.

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of the United Kingdom government between 1964 and sometime between 1969 and 1976.

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Which mutations are unique to the breed, aside from the obvious suppressed tail?

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under the fur, most noticeable when the animal is happy and raising its tail end

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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Long-haired or semi-long-haired specimens are considered a separate breed, the

149: 113: 5475: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5318: 5272: 5267: 5167: 5147: 5127: 5122: 5092: 5052: 4885: 4773: 4661: 4641: 4586: 4354: 4001: 2158: 2127: 2100: 2081: 1755: 1668: 1591: 1412: 1284: 1212: 1204: 1154: 1142: 1015: 842:– having a short tail of non-fused bones, up to about half an average cat tail 779: 771: 658: 620: 604: 398: 339: 3512:

Vella, Carolyn; Shelton, Lorraine; McGonagle, John; Stanglein, Terry (1999).

2869: 2007:. Bernie is not convinced the cat is a Manx but it does have no tail. (1994, 261: 5217: 5212: 5097: 5077: 5072: 4855: 4646: 4636: 4604: 3809: 3603: 3415: 2573:(Revised ed.). St. Judes, I.o.M.: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh . p. 30. 2355: 2131: 2092: 1821: 1795: 1786: 1323: 1300: 1277: 1273: 1234: 1158: 1007: 902: 825: 815: 690: 666: 593: 125: 3646: 3611: 2374: 749: 654: 4531: 4460: 3756:"Scientists looking for money for project to decode the Manx cat's genome" 3486: 2810: 2471: 5430: 5425: 5352: 5277: 5062: 4890: 4823: 4813: 4679: 4619: 4390: 4200: 3841: 3727: 2154: 2123: 2115: 1607: 1569:, Manx cats are the subject of the reverse of four special commemorative 1460: 1408: 1380: 1364: 877: 876:

Since the early days of breed recognition in the late 19th century, Manx

702: 646: 600: 526: 450: 17: 956: 914:, for whom the tail is a quite significant portion of their body mass). 5380: 5323: 5222: 4191:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016 2126:

in January 2011, and has since seen print as a six-issue miniseries by

2096: 2076:(1964–1971, B. F. Meyers & Co.) is the original, much-copied 1658: 1615: 1610:, Lipstick, and Smokey, three Manx cats that were companion animals to 1295:

the Manx was noticeably under-represented, with an odds ratio of 0.35.

650: 213: 3889: 3584:

Albasan, H.; Osborne, C. A.; Lulich, J. P.; Lekcharoensuk, C. (2012).

3172: 3096: 1018:

and solid colours. Widely divergent Manx specimens, including even a

5375: 5292: 5192: 5047: 4865: 4724: 4609: 2880:

article reuses information from other sources but does not name them.

1803: 1360: 1217: 1208: 1083: 932: 889: 662: 639: 635: 630:

Another genetically impossible account claimed that the Manx was the

3705: 2021:, one of the two main characters of the American animated TV series 3541: 3281: 3195: 2677:. Douglas, I.o.M. (among others): Quiggin (among others). pp. 2264:"Manx Cat Breed Information, Pictures, Characteristics & Facts" 1327:

brachyury gene are associated with a range of neural tube defects.

249: 5162: 5152: 1265: 1257: 1184: 1071: 963: 955: 748: 397: 4329:. Gibraltar: World Online Philatelic Agency. 2011. Archived from 1452:

Fancier's often describe the Manx as being doglike in behaviour.

1211:

from two Manx parents are generally born without any tail. Being

693:

breed, which also ranges from rumpy to fully tailed, is unknown.

402:

Silverwing, a tabby, rumpy Manx male champion show cat (UK, 1902)

5510: 4746: 4741: 4547: 2591:

Fargher, Douglas C. (1979). Stowell, Brian; Faulds, Ian (eds.).

1784:, a recurring guest character in the American daily comic strip 1195: 608: 359: 4551: 2627:, England: Animalia Books/Interpret Publishing. pp. 7–35. 2248:. Alliance, Ohio, US: Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from 1093:

Simply covering it in their Manx breed standards, the US-based

4875: 4578: 4457:"Genetic welfare problems of companion animals: Manx Syndrome" 4327:

WOPA-Stamps.com: The First International Face Value Stamp Site

2450:

Robinson, R. (1993). "Expressivity of the Manx Gene in Cats".

2030:

Tiara Boobowski was planned to be a Manx cat character in the

1683: 911: 343: 285: 2301:

Barton, Frank Townend (1908). "The Siamese—Abyssinian—Manx".

1585:, including a 2011 series of six that reproduce the art from 3706:"OMIM Entry - * 601397 - T-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR T; TBXT" 3008:"Manx Syndrome & Spina Bifida | International Cat Care" 1762:

Ma Manx, matriarch of a crime gang in the children's novel

581:, and in legends about cats from other parts of the world. 320: 3627:

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

2329:

Driscoll, C. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009).

1643:

Bonnag, a female Manx, the first of her breed to have her

990:

The long-haired Manx, known to some cat registries as the

4542: 3456:. Te Awamutu, New Zealand: Catz Inc. 2012. Archived from 2837:

Animal Planet: Pets, Wild Animals, Dog Breeds, Cat Breeds

317: 2304:

The Cat: Its Points and Management in Health and Disease

727:

The Cat: Its Points and Management in Health and Disease

418:, were known by the early 19th century as cats from the 3134:"TICA Manx Breed Group (Manx and Cymric) Show Standard" 3064:"Manx Cat: Everything You Need to Know About the Breed" 1711: 1626:

Bob the Preschool Cat: A Biography of an Urban Manx Cat

732:

The Manx was one of the first breeds recognised by the

3591:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

3542:"TWISTY CATS AND THE ETHICS OF BREEDING FOR DEFORMITY" 3514:

Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians

1215:

for (having two copies of) the gene is usually lethal

1055:

widespread acceptance in breed registries as of 2014.

824:(stumpie) – having a partial tail of vestigial, fused 472:

In the Manx language, the modern name of the breed is

1299:

Some tailless cats such as the Manx cats may develop

525:, and depending on the exact construction, it may be 326: 323: 1335:

To better understand the genetics of the breed, the

414:(apparently both singular and plural) in colloquial 5572: 5529: 5389: 5351: 5311: 5008: 4989: 4916: 4782: 4705: 4660: 4585: 3205:. Katikati, NZ: New Zealand Cat Fancy. January 2007 2803:"HALELØSE KATTE, haleloese, tailless, cats, katzen" 2548:(Revised ed.). Glasgow, Scotland: Gairm Pubs. 2235: 2233: 603:and historical reality, there are various fanciful 314: 311: 267: 255: 243: 231: 219: 207: 195: 183: 167: 155: 143: 131: 119: 107: 95: 90: 72: 64: 54: 37: 4353: 3827: 3561:Breed Predispositions to Diseases in Dogs and Cats 2541: 1895:'s "Max the Cat" 1986 series of children's books, 3787: 3785: 3661:"ACF Breeding Policy for the Manx and Cymric Cat" 3625:Bertoy, Robert W (2002). "Megacolon in the cat". 2544:An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language 2393:"Some Remarks on the Mammals of the Isle of Mann" 1961:Narrator, an orange Manx, in the children's book 3967:"Scientists sequence the genome of the Manx Cat" 1793:Mayor Manx from the American animated TV series 884:The Manx breed is genetically distinct from the 856:(tailie) – having a half- to normal-length tail. 4303:. Douglas, I.o.M.: Isle of Man Government. 2011 2690: 2688: 2569:Goodwin, Edmund (1987). Thomson, Robert (ed.). 1456:animal of much power and energetic character." 1038:(GCCF) classifies the Manx as a variant of the 4482:The Cat in the Mysteries of Religion and Magic 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3481: 3479: 3348:"Breed Code IMS – Isle of Man Shorthair" 3306: 3304: 3302: 3185:"Manx" is a subsection of "British Shorthair". 2864:. Irvine, CA, US: BowTie Inc. pp. 25–26. 4563: 4089: 4087: 3380:"Breed Code IML – Isle of Man Longhair" 3161:"Recognised Breeds and Registration Policies" 2307:. London, England: Everett & Co. p. 1946:Mika, title character of the children's book 1373:National Center for Biotechnology Information 442:), of which the island has long been devoid. 8: 3853: 3851: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3559:Gould, Alex; Thomas, Alison (9 April 2004). 3155: 3153: 2933:. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 2776:. London, UK: J. M. Dent & Co. pp. 2428:"Feline Genetic Loci Table | Cat-World" 2091:of the late 1950s was the Manx Cat, sold in 1753:Gordon from the American animated TV series 1649: 1318:Identification of the Manx Cat tailless gene 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3723:"Manx tailless cat genome project launched" 3717: 3715: 3670:. Australian Cat Federation. Archived from 3265: 3263: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2955:. Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2422: 2420: 1386:The project aims to answer four questions: 1283:The breed is also predisposed to rump fold 1076: 1023: 1001:Regardless of coat length, the colours and 5644:Cat breeds and types with suppressed tails 5005: 4570: 4556: 4548: 3222: 3220: 2649:"Isle of Man website page on Spanish Head" 2614: 2612: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2445: 2443: 2441: 1833:), and the 1979 Japanese anime based on it 1647:(in 2016, by the Manx Cat Genome Project, 1618:renowned for communicating in rudimentary 1517: 1509: 1501: 1493: 1481: 1473: 1465: 1233:Some partial tails are prone to a form of 555: 547: 539: 531: 519: 507: 499: 491: 483: 474: 449:of taillessness arises from a spontaneous 408: 43: 34: 5639:Cat breeds originating in the Isle of Man 4389:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 4164:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 4133:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 4068:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 3934:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 3928:"Project update and say hello to Bonnag!" 3821: 3819: 3586:"Risk factors for urate uroliths in cats" 2508: 2506: 2487:English–Manx Pronouncing Dictionary 2403:(4). Douglas, IOM: J. H. Johnson: 119–129 2386: 2384: 2364: 2354: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 1815:Manx Cat, the antagonist for the bulk of 1744:Bluebeard, from the German animated film 1393:What genes are involved in Manx syndrome? 1339:(MCGP) was launched in August 2015, as a 1172:The type arose possibly without existing 4437:Manx Cats: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual 3450:"Judges Guild Index and Breed Standards" 3321:. op. cit. February 1997. Archived from 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 1507:loosely 'scratcher, scratchy-one', from 898: 867: 859: 828:, up to about 3 cm (1 in) long 785: 770:. As with the sometimes-tail-suppressed 4455:Godfrey, Rosie; Godfrey, David (2011). 4158:"We're fundraising for genome number 2" 3829:"Sequencing the Genome of the Manx Cat" 3444: 3442: 3440: 3389:. op. cit. January 2003. Archived from 3353:. op. cit. January 2007. Archived from 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2593:Fargher's English–Manx Dictionary 2212: 2210: 2177: 1969:, illustrated by Garner Beckett (2003, 1082:), the breed was actually developed in 465:and, at the sub-specific level, of the 4931:Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana 4206: 3973:. Manx Telecom Trading. 8 April 2016. 3271:"Manx/Manx Longhair: General Standard" 1241:. Stumpy to long tails are sometimes 1099:Co-ordinating Cat Council of Australia 1086:, which has honoured the breed with a 4518:. Cassell & Co. pp. 244–253. 4486:Reprinted 1955 by A. Richmond; 1981, 3002: 3000: 2833:"Cat Breed Profile: American Bobtail" 2464:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111311 2064:), though ostensibly named after the 1992:), a children's book modeled on "The 1822:Manxmouse: The Mouse Who Knew No Fear 1367:Cat Genome Sequencing Project of the 1291:. In a review of over 5,000 cases of 569:in English well into the late 1800s. 7: 4272:"1⁄25 Crown - Elizabeth II Manx Cat" 4187:Glover, Rachel (27 September 2016). 4156:Glover, Rachel (27 September 2016). 3416:"Breed Code IMS – Tasman Manx" 3241:(CFA). 28 April 2012. Archived from 3062:Caplan, Christy (30 December 2019). 1245:at birth as a preventative measure. 5654:National symbols of the Isle of Man 4484:. Rider & Co. pp. 244–247. 4106:from the original on 3 October 2016 4062:"We have Bonnag's genome sequence!" 4041:from the original on 3 October 2016 4029:Glover, Rachel (12 December 2015). 4009:from the original on 3 October 2016 3977:from the original on 3 October 2016 3900:from the original on 3 October 2016 3869:from the original on 3 October 2016 3800:from the original on 3 October 2016 3312:"Registration Policy for Manx Cats" 2122:, was serialised as a Comicmix.com 2005:The Burglar Who Traded Ted Williams 1598:) as an emblem of the Isle of Man. 1523:'scratching, scratchy, scraping'). 1248:"Manx syndrome" or "Manxness" is a 623:, a reference to motorcycle racing 561:, 'kitten' (with various plurals). 4956:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 4233:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 4094:Glover, Rachel (8 November 2015). 3997:"Secrets of the Manx cat revealed" 3169:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 3118:Broad, Michael (20 January 2017). 2391:Kermode, P. M. C. (October 1885). 2060:motorcycle line (1947–1962, 1714:by removing the content or adding 1673:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office 1417:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 1103:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 1036:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 25: 5416:Congenital sensorineural deafness 4971:The International Cat Association 4926:American Cat Fanciers Association 1809:Slimer! and the Real Ghostbusters 996:The International Cat Association 701:Manx cats have been exhibited in 665:, a near-island peninsula in the 334:, in earlier times often spelled 5603: 5602: 4951:Fédération Internationale Féline 4530: 4381:Glover, Rachel (November 2015). 4060:Glover, Rachel (2 August 2016). 3926:Glover, Rachel (26 April 2016). 3766:. 11 August 2015. Archived from 3095:. 4 January 2017. Archived from 1984:by Kathy Dollina Creamer (2001, 1688: 1549: 1540: 1427:publication of the results in a 1355:of the Manx cat, uncovering the 922:Manx, to defraud unwary buyers. 481:literally 'cat of Mann' (plural 307: 77: 4125:Glover, Rachel (October 2016). 3089:"7 Facts About Your Cat's Tail" 2430:. 4 August 2017. Archived from 2219:Fockleyr Gailckagh as Baarlagh 2153:released a 1930 recording of a 1840:'s series of children's books, 1710:Please help Knowledge (XXG) to 1264:, as well as problems with the 4297:"Isle of Man Stamps and Coins" 4019:In the embedded audio portion. 3888:Glover, Rachel (August 2015). 3826:Hughes, Joe (11 August 2015). 1125:Isle of Man Shorthair (tailed) 960:Short-haired stumpy black Manx 1: 4476:Howey, Mary Oldfield (1931). 3639:10.1016/s0195-5616(02)00020-7 3196:"Breed Code MAN – Manx" 3120:"What are britches on a cat?" 2595:. Douglas: Shearwater Press. 2163:78 RPM gramophone record 1137:Isle of Man Longhair (tailed) 778:, tail suppression does not " 653:peninsula (former island) of 517:noun, is also encountered as 4352:Patterson, Francine (1985). 4031:"Genome number 1 is funded!" 3171:(GCCF). 2012. Archived from 3167:. Bridgwater, Somerset, UK: 2770:Lane, Charles Henry (1903). 2540:MacBain, Alexander (1982) . 2192:Cregeen, Archibald (1984) . 2140:novel and films of that name 872:A "rumpy riser" tail example 5585:List of longest-living cats 5466:Lower urinary tract disease 5446:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4966:Southern Africa Cat Council 4102:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 4037:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 3896:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 3796:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 2619:Radford, Victor H. (2001). 2165:(serial number 1430 on the 2040:but the game was cancelled. 1648: 1602:Famous real-world Manx cats 1532:Isle of Man national symbol 1141:Essentially a fully tailed 1109:, while GCCF uses the term 625:being popular on the island 584:The name of the promontory 406:Tailless cats, then called 5670: 4941:Cat Aficionado Association 4096:"Shock genome price drop!" 2839:. Discovery Communications 2513:Craine, J. Ffynlo (2011). 1583:Isle of Man postage stamps 1225:. Thus, tailless cats can 1149:Tasman Manx (curly-coated) 1111:Semi-longhair Manx Variant 1088:commemorative 50-cent coin 1062: 5598: 5421:Feline corneal sequestrum 4946:Cat Fanciers' Association 4510:Simpson, Frances (1903). 4496:The Cat in Magic and Myth 4494:, by Tuttle; and 2003 as 4213:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3859:"Manx Cat Genome Project" 3239:Cat Fanciers' Association 3033:"Breed Profile: The Manx" 2515:"On-line Manx Dictionary" 1963:The Cats of Grand Central 1624:Bob, the male subject of 1095:Cat Fanciers' Association 753:A longy white Manx female 734:Cat Fanciers' Association 721:for the Manx in his 1903 634:offspring of a cat and a 565:itself was often spelled 545:. The diminutive word is 283: 272: 42: 4936:Canadian Cat Association 4440:. Barron's Educational. 4434:Commings, Karen (1999). 4254:"Isle of Man Government" 2790:Charles Henry Lane manx. 2099:model is constructed of 1802:Manx, the antagonist to 1764:Rex Tabby: Cat Detective 1577:A Manx cat, in stylized 1119:Feline Federation Europe 723:Rabbits, Cats and Cavies 5580:List of individual cats 3792:Glover, Rachel (2015). 3604:10.2460/javma.240.7.842 3425:. op. cit. January 2007 2356:10.1073/pnas.0901586106 2024:The Ren and Stimpy Show 1377:University of Edinburgh 1353:whole genome sequencing 1351:, to perform the first 1345:computational biologist 1337:Manx Cat Genome Project 1331:Manx Cat Genome Project 505:lit. 'bob-tailed cat'. 5456:Infectious peritonitis 5451:Immunodeficiency virus 4543:The Manx Breed Council 3764:Isle of Man Newspapers 3237:. Alliance, Ohio, US: 2983:"A Tale About Tails". 2696:"Here endeth the tail" 2671:Train, Joseph (1845). 2485:Kneen, J. J. (1990) . 1645:whole genome sequenced 1620:American Sign Language 1559:Manx cat on 1970 crown 1518: 1510: 1502: 1494: 1482: 1474: 1466: 1369:University of Missouri 1189: 1077: 1059:Cymric (Manx Longhair) 976:Manx cats exhibit two 973: 961: 873: 865: 760:cat body-type mutation 754: 745:Tail (or lack thereof) 697:Recognition as a breed 556: 548: 540: 532: 520: 515:masculine and feminine 508: 500: 492: 484: 475: 434:) and not from native 409: 403: 5521:Viral rhinotracheitis 5496:Tritrichomonas foetus 4961:New Zealand Cat Fancy 4829:Cats in ancient Egypt 3518:Butterworth-Heinemann 2571:First Lessons in Manx 2246:Cat Fanciers' Almanac 2240:Hall, Marion (1995). 2217:Kelly, John (1977) . 2202:a cat without a tail. 2089:flying model aircraft 1980:Olaf, protagonist of 1950:by D. M. Hart (2012, 1343:volunteer project by 1188: 1101:(CCCA), and the UK's 1050:Variants (sub-breeds) 967: 959: 871: 864:A "rumpy" Manx kitten 863: 752: 671:Kuril Islands Bobtail 401: 350:) originating on the 278:, in some registries. 5083:Colorpoint Shorthair 4981:World Cat Federation 4715:Cat–dog relationship 4539:at Wikimedia Commons 4360:. Scholastic Press. 4189:"We need your help!" 3228:"Manx Show Standard" 3146:on 15 November 2012. 1836:Marco the Manx from 1819:'s children's novel 1790:(1999–present) 1712:improve this section 1663:Douglas, Isle of Man 1594:and the four-horned 1567:Isle of Man currency 1349:Douglas, Isle of Man 1260:, causing a form of 1113:). The majority of 776:Old English Sheepdog 197:CCC of A 5283:Traditional Persian 5068:California Spangled 5038:Brazilian Shorthair 4834:Cultural depictions 4819:Cat-scratch disease 4516:The Book of the Cat 4506:, by Courier/Dover. 4419:. Zink Media. 2016. 4260:on 8 February 2007. 3043:on 20 December 2018 2959:on 20 December 2018 2919:on 23 January 2012. 2907:"CFA Standard Manx" 2623:. Pet Love series. 2452:Journal of Heredity 2347:2009PNAS..106.9971D 2252:on 29 October 2012. 2045:A Room of One's Own 1724:independent sources 1680:Fictional Manx cats 1630:E. Romayne Hertweck 1596:Manx Loaghtan sheep 1227:carry only one copy 1181:Health and genetics 1024:long-haired variant 814:– having a bump of 611:closed the door of 579:native Manx culture 461:(an example of the 459:island biogeography 394:Origin and folklore 49:A male "riser" Manx 5649:Natural cat breeds 5203:Oriental Shorthair 5113:European Shorthair 5028:American Shorthair 4976:World Cat Congress 3865:. 12 August 2015. 3175:on 8 December 2012 3099:on 2 February 2020 2993:. 25 January 1965. 2986:Chicago Daily News 2813:on 6 December 2018 2704:. 23 November 2002 2397:The Manx Note Book 2149:In popular music, 2118:comic book story, 2062:Norton Motors Ltd. 2032:Sonic the Hedgehog 1527:In popular culture 1429:scientific journal 1293:urate urolithiasis 1194:Manx taillessness 1190: 974: 968:Long-haired Manx ( 962: 874: 866: 755: 715:Charles Henry Lane 599:Regardless of the 467:species-area curve 404: 358:that shortens the 5629:Mammals of Europe 5616: 5615: 5441:Hepatic lipidosis 5347: 5346: 5043:British Shorthair 4652:Tortoiseshell cat 4535:Media related to 4463:on 7 October 2011 4393:on 3 October 2016 4387:ManxCatGenome.com 4301:IoMPostOffice.com 4168:on 3 October 2016 4162:ManxCatGenome.com 4137:on 3 October 2016 4131:ManxCatGenome.com 4127:"Sequence my cat" 4100:ManxCatGenome.com 4072:on 3 October 2016 4066:ManxCatGenome.com 4035:ManxCatGenome.com 4005:. 5 August 2016. 3938:on 3 October 2016 3932:ManxCatGenome.com 3894:ManxCatGenome.com 3770:on 19 August 2015 3471:MS Word .doc file 3328:on 4 October 2013 2991:Field Enterprises 2881: 2521:. Ballaugh, I.o.M 2341:(S1): 9971–9978. 2167:Edison Bell Radio 2134:like the classic 2078:Volkswagen Beetle 2027:(1991–1996) 2013:978-0-525-93807-1 2001:Bernie Rhodenbarr 1990:978-1-873120-15-6 1975:978-0-9730951-0-4 1956:978-0-61567-18-95 1948:Mika the Manx Cat 1941:978-0-382-09246-6 1929:978-0-382-09245-9 1917:978-0-382-09244-2 1905:978-0-382-09243-5 1886:978-0-931551-08-6 1874:978-0-931551-05-5 1862:978-0-931551-03-1 1850:978-0-931551-02-4 1831:978-0-698-10237-8 1812:(1988–1991) 1799:(1993–1995) 1776:978-0-439-45286-1 1759:(2005–2007) 1741: 1740: 1638:978-1-4327-3555-5 1363:databases at the 1357:genetic mutations 1347:Rachel Glover of 1289:corneal dystrophy 1131:British Shorthair 1044:point colouration 1040:British Shorthair 681:, and Indonesian 575:Irish–Norse 513:, used as both a 455:genetic diversity 436:European wildcats 299: 298: 16:(Redirected from 5661: 5606: 5605: 5590:Cats in folklore 5188:Norwegian Forest 5158:Kurilian Bobtail 5138:Japanese Bobtail 5118:Exotic Shorthair 5006: 4871:National Cat Day 4628: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4549: 4534: 4519: 4485: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4451: 4421: 4420: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4359: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4333:on 30 March 2012 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4256:. Archived from 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4212: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4026: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3971:Isle of Man News 3963: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3923: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3839: 3837: 3831: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3789: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3752: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3676: 3665: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3483: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3446: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3420: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3395: 3384: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3359: 3352: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3308: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3286: 3275: 3267: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3248:on 25 April 2013 3247: 3232: 3224: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3200: 3192: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3139:. Archived from 3138: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3039:. Archived from 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3004: 2995: 2994: 2980: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2953:"About the Manx" 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2912:. Archived from 2911: 2903: 2882: 2875: 2873: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2809:. Archived from 2799: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2767: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2668: 2657: 2656: 2651:. Archived from 2645: 2639: 2638: 2616: 2607: 2606: 2588: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2547: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2510: 2501: 2500: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2447: 2436: 2435: 2434:on 15 June 2006. 2424: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2388: 2379: 2378: 2368: 2358: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2298: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2237: 2228: 2222: 2214: 2205: 2204: 2189: 2109:American Modeler 1933:Max in Australia 1736: 1733: 1727: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1652: 1553: 1544: 1521: 1513: 1505: 1497: 1485: 1477: 1469: 1080: 886:Japanese Bobtail 687:American Bobtail 679:Japanese Bobtail 675:Karelian Bobtail 577:folklore of the 559: 551: 543: 535: 523: 511: 503: 495: 487: 478: 440:Felis silvestris 412: 333: 332: 329: 328: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 294: 288: 83: 81: 80: 65:Common nicknames 57: 47: 35: 21: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5594: 5568: 5531:Cats by country 5525: 5392: 5385: 5343: 5307: 5183:Neva Masquerade 5010: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4912: 4785: 4778: 4769:Righting reflex 4701: 4656: 4624: 4581: 4576: 4527: 4522: 4509: 4475: 4466: 4464: 4454: 4448: 4433: 4429: 4427:Further reading 4424: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4205: 4194: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4093: 4092: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4012: 4010: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3965: 3964: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3925: 3924: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3835: 3833: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3803: 3801: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3754: 3753: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3731:. 4 August 2016 3721: 3720: 3713: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3677:on 11 July 2015 3674: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3493:. op. cit. 2011 3485: 3484: 3477: 3463: 3461: 3460:on 7 March 2013 3448: 3447: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3396:on 25 July 2012 3393: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3360:on 25 July 2012 3357: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3287:on 9 April 2013 3284: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3178: 3176: 3159: 3158: 3151: 3143: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3006: 3005: 2998: 2982: 2981: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2931:"Manx Syndrome" 2929: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2885: 2878:tertiary source 2857: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2783: 2781: 2769: 2768: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2694: 2693: 2686: 2670: 2669: 2660: 2655:on 1 June 2012. 2647: 2646: 2642: 2635: 2625:Dorking, Surrey 2618: 2617: 2610: 2603: 2590: 2589: 2578: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2497: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2426: 2425: 2418: 2406: 2404: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2300: 2299: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2239: 2238: 2231: 2216: 2215: 2208: 2191: 2190: 2179: 2175: 2054: 1982:Olaf Comes Home 1967:Laura Archibald 1897:Max Leaves Home 1782:Mac Manc McManx 1737: 1731: 1728: 1709: 1705:popular culture 1693: 1689: 1682: 1604: 1579:Celtic knotwork 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1546: 1545: 1534: 1529: 1479:'mouser', from 1450: 1421:genome assembly 1333: 1320: 1298: 1221:, resulting in 1183: 1151: 1139: 1129:Resembling the 1127: 1067: 1061: 1052: 954: 941: 928: 899:health problems 747: 742: 699: 428:African wildcat 396: 391: 310: 306: 290: 284: 279: 91:Breed standards 78: 76: 55: 50: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5667: 5665: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5621: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5559:United Kingdom 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5506:Skin disorders 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5461:Leukemia virus 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5298:Turkish Angora 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5078:Chinese Li Hua 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5003: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4861:Cats and Islam 4858: 4853: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4788: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4722: 4717: 4711: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4677: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4526: 4525:External links 4523: 4521: 4520: 4507: 4478:"Manx Legends" 4473: 4452: 4446: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4404: 4373: 4366: 4344: 4314: 4288: 4263: 4245: 4220: 4179: 4148: 4117: 4083: 4052: 4021: 3988: 3949: 3911: 3880: 3847: 3815: 3781: 3742: 3711: 3697: 3688: 3652: 3633:(4): 901–915. 3617: 3598:(7): 842–847. 3576: 3569: 3551: 3546:messybeast.com 3533: 3526: 3504: 3475: 3436: 3407: 3371: 3339: 3298: 3259: 3216: 3187: 3149: 3125: 3110: 3080: 3068:Wide Open Pets 3054: 3024: 2996: 2970: 2944: 2922: 2883: 2850: 2824: 2807:www.reersoe.dk 2794: 2715: 2684: 2658: 2640: 2633: 2608: 2601: 2576: 2561: 2554: 2532: 2502: 2495: 2477: 2437: 2416: 2380: 2321: 2276: 2255: 2242:"The Manx Cat" 2229: 2206: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2144:Cthulhu Mythos 2136:Maltese Falcon 2066:Isle of Man TT 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2041: 2028: 2016: 1997: 1978: 1959: 1944: 1909:Max in America 1889: 1834: 1813: 1800: 1791: 1779: 1760: 1751: 1739: 1738: 1703:references to 1696: 1694: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1666: 1641: 1622: 1603: 1600: 1558: 1557: 1548: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1449: 1446: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1332: 1329: 1319: 1316: 1312:animal welfare 1182: 1179: 1150: 1147: 1138: 1135: 1126: 1123: 1115:cat registries 1063:Main article: 1060: 1057: 1051: 1048: 953: 950: 940: 937: 927: 924: 858: 857: 843: 829: 819: 805: 766:, caused by a 746: 743: 741: 738: 719:breed standard 698: 695: 590:Spanish Armada 476:kayt Manninagh 463:founder effect 447:dominant trait 395: 392: 390: 387: 297: 296: 281: 280: 273: 270: 269: 265: 264: 259: 253: 252: 247: 241: 240: 235: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 211: 205: 204: 199: 193: 192: 187: 181: 180: 175: 165: 164: 159: 153: 152: 147: 141: 140: 135: 129: 128: 123: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 88: 87: 74: 70: 69: 68:Stubbin, rumpy 66: 62: 61: 58: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5666: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5609: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5564:United States 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5516:Toxoplasmosis 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5471:Panleukopenia 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5238:Scottish Fold 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5023:American Curl 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4995: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4764:Play and toys 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4737:Communication 4735: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4685:dental health 4683: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4626:Coat genetics 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4579:Domestic cats 4573: 4568: 4566: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4505: 4504:0-486-43114-2 4501: 4497: 4493: 4492:0-8048-1360-4 4489: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4447:0-7641-0753-4 4443: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4367:0-590-44425-5 4363: 4358: 4357: 4356:Koko's Kitten 4348: 4345: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4202: 4190: 4183: 4180: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4152: 4149: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4118: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4056: 4053: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4022: 4008: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3899: 3895: 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ServiceTech 3830: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3570:1-4051-0748-0 3566: 3563:. Blackwell. 3562: 3555: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3527:0-7506-4069-3 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3505: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3424: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3356: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3278:CCCofA.asn.au 3272: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3142: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3111: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3055: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3013: 3009: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2915: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2854: 2851: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2634:1-84286-049-6 2630: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602:0-904980-23-5 2598: 2594: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2555:0-901771-68-6 2551: 2546: 2545: 2536: 2533: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496:1-870029-26-7 2492: 2488: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2220: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2195: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151:Florrie Forde 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2105:Flying Models 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037:Sonic X-Treme 2033: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1994:Ugly Duckling 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893:Adam Whitmore 1890: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Fisherman Cat 1839: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1735: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1697:This section 1695: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1587:Victorian era 1584: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1552: 1543: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1506: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1487:'mouse') and 1486: 1484: 1478: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:peer-reviewed 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371:, and the US 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1305:smooth muscle 1302: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1187: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1136: 1134: 1132: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107:Manx Longhair 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1073: 1066: 1058: 1056: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1022:, blue-eyed, 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:tortoiseshell 1009: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 988: 986: 981: 979: 971: 966: 958: 951: 949: 947: 938: 936: 934: 926:Body 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