40:
25:
1664:
671:
1642:
219:
Over time, wealthy and powerful figures moved away from the idealistic nature and grew to see wealth through access to scarcities as more ideal. One of these scarcities was the amount of food accessible at the time. When food shortages were a problem, excessive
228:
were of prominent and powerful figures, many showing their wealth through their excess adipose tissue. Due to this, they were not painted in an idealistic way, focusing especially on the clothes and other material possessions to accentuate this wealth.
1441:
641:
1491:
128:. Men oftentimes feel social pressure to conform to these standards in order to feel desirable, and thus elect to alter their bodies through processes such as extreme dieting,
65:
beauty standards for men which change based on the historical era and the geographic region. These standards are ingrained in men from a young age to increase their perceived
1421:
166:
Standards of beauty vary based on culture and location. While
Western beauty standards emphasize muscled physiques, this is not the case everywhere. In
132:, male breast muscle enlargement, male buttock enlargement, radical fitness regimens, genital enlargement, and other bodily surgical modifications.
149:
703:
144:, Alexander Edmonds, states that in Western Europe and other colonial societies (Australia, and North and South America), the legacies of
1705:
1739:
140:
Because masculine beauty standards are subjective, they change significantly based on location. A professor of anthropology at the
1734:
1754:
1322:
1015:
1724:
1000:
925:
189:
Beauty standards have evolved over time, changing based on various factors. Youth was seen as beautiful in places such as
1624:
1551:
505:
299:
181:
bands have led to slim boyish bodies, vibrant hair, and make-up being more sought-after ideals of masculine beauty.
1150:
980:
857:
351:
1135:
325:
205:
continued this theme of idealism but chose to represent beauty through qualities such as muscles and intellect.
1744:
1511:
1295:
696:
1050:
429:
1698:
1571:
1521:
1075:
945:
273:
198:
141:
66:
675:
39:
1501:
1451:
910:
776:
405:
1629:
1203:
1156:
1065:
890:
863:
837:
771:
263:
30:
1178:
455:
1729:
1591:
1471:
1461:
1369:
1342:
1245:
1025:
766:
194:
145:
46:
1634:
1601:
1576:
1411:
1364:
1359:
1173:
1130:
1120:
1090:
1070:
955:
807:
761:
756:
751:
746:
689:
225:
81:
1045:
1749:
1691:
1596:
1586:
1556:
1531:
1317:
1255:
1115:
915:
822:
741:
726:
571:
1646:
1606:
1481:
1374:
1348:
990:
950:
905:
885:
842:
817:
736:
731:
622:
563:
483:
475:
268:
161:
105:
85:
1675:
1671:
1110:
1060:
1005:
920:
852:
612:
602:
553:
543:
467:
253:
125:
117:
77:
24:
995:
935:
812:
258:
202:
89:
73:
197:
as an example of this. Egyptian art pieces showed youthful figures in an idealized form.
558:
531:
1581:
1561:
1431:
1188:
1140:
1100:
1035:
985:
965:
900:
617:
591:"Once Fat Was Fat and That Was That : Our Changing Perspectives on Adipose Tissue"
590:
377:
221:
456:"Drive for muscularity, body comparison, and social physique anxiety in men and women"
1718:
1611:
1401:
1260:
1183:
1125:
1040:
1020:
880:
832:
575:
190:
499:
497:
1215:
1080:
960:
940:
792:
243:
214:
129:
113:
101:
93:
1442:
A Philosophical
Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
471:
1384:
1337:
1193:
1145:
1105:
1055:
847:
167:
109:
1354:
1332:
1225:
1010:
970:
930:
797:
712:
548:
479:
1265:
1235:
1030:
975:
895:
827:
175:
171:
626:
567:
487:
670:
607:
1566:
1300:
1250:
1230:
1095:
238:
97:
1663:
1379:
1327:
1285:
1270:
1240:
802:
62:
1312:
1290:
1220:
1198:
224:
was a symbol of wealth. Paintings that represented the beauty of the
50:
is considered a
Western symbol of young male beauty and human beauty.
88:. The masculine beauty ideal traits include but are not limited to:
1085:
248:
178:
1306:
1280:
121:
685:
324:
Lee Yang, Eugene; Koeppel, Kari; Vazquez, Eli (19 March 2015).
1275:
530:
Durkee, Patrick; Polo, Pablo; Pita, Miguel (April–June 2019).
152:
have resulted in images of beautiful men being "very white."
681:
532:"Men's Bodily Attractiveness: Muscles as Fitness Indicators"
1679:
454:
McCreary, Donald R.; Saucier, Deborah M. (2009-01-01).
33:, one of the most notable figures in bodybuilding, 1974
300:"The Ideal Man: Male Beauty Standards Through History"
1492:
The Work of Art in the Age of
Mechanical Reproduction
1544:
1393:
1166:
873:
785:
719:
350:Joy, Phillip; Numer, Matthew (6 January 2019).
293:
291:
289:
1699:
697:
352:"How body ideals shape the health of gay men"
72:Masculine beauty ideals are mainly rooted in
8:
1422:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
506:"What does the 'perfect man' look like now?"
326:"Men's Standards Of Beauty Around The World"
1706:
1692:
704:
690:
682:
589:Ferris, W.F.; Crowther, N.J. (June 2011).
406:"Body image - men - Better Health Channel"
616:
606:
557:
547:
430:"The Truth About Male Body Image Issues"
80:, but they heavily influence men of all
285:
298:Simonova, Michaela (9 November 2021).
7:
1660:
1658:
640:Hollander, Anne (23 October 1977).
1678:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1662:
1640:
669:
595:CardioVascular Journal of Africa
385:University of Nebraska - Lincoln
38:
23:
1:
1552:Aestheticization of politics
472:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.002
410:www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
1773:
1657:
212:
159:
16:Socially constructed norms
1620:
1740:Interpersonal attraction
549:10.1177/1474704919852918
1735:Physical attractiveness
1572:Evolutionary aesthetics
1522:The Aesthetic Dimension
536:Evolutionary Psychology
274:Tall, dark and handsome
142:University of Edinburgh
67:physical attractiveness
1755:Social constructionism
1502:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
1452:Lectures on Aesthetics
642:"When Fat was Fashion"
59:masculine beauty ideal
1674:related article is a
1647:Philosophy portal
608:10.5830/cvja-2010-083
264:Feminine beauty ideal
31:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1725:Gender studies stubs
1592:Philosophy of design
1472:In Praise of Shadows
1462:The Critic as Artist
678:at Wikimedia Commons
47:Michelangelo's David
1602:Philosophy of music
1577:Mathematical beauty
226:early modern period
170:and other parts of
82:sexual orientations
1597:Philosophy of film
1587:Patterns in nature
1557:Applied aesthetics
1532:Why Beauty Matters
1318:Life imitating art
1179:Art for art's sake
646:The New York Times
1687:
1686:
1655:
1654:
1607:Psychology of art
1482:Art as Experience
674:Media related to
434:Newport Institute
269:Sexual dimorphism
162:Sexual dimorphism
86:gender identities
1762:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1666:
1659:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
706:
699:
692:
683:
673:
657:
656:
654:
652:
637:
631:
630:
620:
610:
586:
580:
579:
561:
551:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
501:
492:
491:
451:
445:
444:
442:
441:
426:
420:
419:
417:
416:
402:
396:
395:
393:
391:
382:
373:
367:
366:
364:
362:
356:The Conversation
347:
341:
340:
338:
336:
321:
315:
314:
312:
310:
295:
254:Physical fitness
203:Roman sculptures
118:physical fitness
114:male breast size
78:hypermasculinity
42:
27:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1745:Human sexuality
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1616:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1512:Critical Essays
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1389:
1162:
1076:Ortega y Gasset
869:
781:
715:
710:
666:
661:
660:
650:
648:
639:
638:
634:
588:
587:
583:
529:
528:
524:
514:
512:
503:
502:
495:
453:
452:
448:
439:
437:
428:
427:
423:
414:
412:
404:
403:
399:
389:
387:
380:
375:
374:
370:
360:
358:
349:
348:
344:
334:
332:
323:
322:
318:
308:
306:
297:
296:
287:
282:
259:Skeletal muscle
235:
217:
211:
187:
164:
158:
138:
90:male body shape
74:heteronormative
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
43:
35:
34:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1667:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1582:Neuroesthetics
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1562:Arts criticism
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1432:On the Sublime
1428:
1418:
1408:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1296:Interpretation
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1189:Artistic merit
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
875:
871:
870:
868:
867:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
838:Psychoanalysis
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
721:
717:
716:
711:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
680:
679:
665:
664:External links
662:
659:
658:
632:
601:(2): 147–154.
581:
522:
493:
446:
421:
397:
368:
342:
316:
284:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
234:
231:
222:adipose tissue
210:
207:
186:
183:
174:, the rise of
160:Main article:
157:
154:
137:
134:
76:beliefs about
44:
37:
36:
29:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:Men's studies
1668:
1665:
1661:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1612:Theory of art
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1402:Hippias Major
1399:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:Entertainment
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Art manifesto
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Appropriation
1172:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Merleau-Ponty
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:Abhinavagupta
879:
878:
876:
872:
866:
865:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Postmodernism
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
784:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
718:
714:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
687:
684:
677:
672:
668:
667:
663:
647:
643:
636:
633:
628:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
585:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
523:
511:
507:
500:
498:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
450:
447:
435:
431:
425:
422:
411:
407:
401:
398:
386:
379:
372:
369:
357:
353:
346:
343:
331:
327:
320:
317:
305:
304:The Collector
301:
294:
292:
290:
286:
279:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
232:
230:
227:
223:
216:
208:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:ancient Egypt
184:
182:
180:
177:
173:
169:
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
49:
48:
41:
32:
26:
1680:expanding it
1669:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1480:
1470:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1347:
1323:Magnificence
1305:
1208:
1155:
1121:Schopenhauer
956:Coomaraswamy
874:Philosophers
862:
793:Aestheticism
649:. Retrieved
645:
635:
598:
594:
584:
539:
535:
525:
513:. Retrieved
509:
466:(1): 24–30.
463:
459:
449:
438:. Retrieved
436:. 2021-08-25
433:
424:
413:. Retrieved
409:
400:
388:. Retrieved
384:
371:
359:. Retrieved
355:
345:
333:. Retrieved
329:
319:
307:. Retrieved
303:
244:Bodybuilding
218:
215:Bodybuilding
188:
185:Youthfulness
165:
139:
130:bodybuilding
126:genital size
71:
61:is a set of
58:
56:
45:
1730:Male beauty
1416:(c. 335 BC)
1406:(c. 390 BC)
1385:Work of art
1338:Picturesque
1194:Avant-garde
1151:Winckelmann
1026:Kierkegaard
951:Collingwood
921:Baudrillard
848:Romanticism
818:Historicism
752:Mathematics
676:Male beauty
515:15 December
504:Ali, Myra.
390:15 December
361:15 December
335:15 December
309:15 December
176:androgynous
168:South Korea
150:colonialism
136:Colonialism
110:muscle mass
106:body weight
1719:Categories
1355:Recreation
1333:Perception
1226:Creativity
926:Baumgarten
916:Baudelaire
798:Classicism
713:Aesthetics
460:Body Image
440:2022-04-21
415:2022-04-21
376:Hames, R.
280:References
213:See also:
1750:Seduction
1360:Reverence
1266:Eroticism
1236:Depiction
1209:Masculine
1111:Santayana
1071:Nietzsche
1016:Hutcheson
1006:Heidegger
991:Greenberg
946:Coleridge
911:Balthasar
896:Aristotle
858:Theosophy
853:Symbolism
828:Modernism
813:Formalism
576:174815605
480:1740-1445
172:East Asia
156:Androgyny
1635:Category
1567:Axiology
1436:(c. 500)
1426:(c. 100)
1301:Judgment
1256:Emotions
1251:Elegance
1231:Cuteness
1204:Feminine
1167:Concepts
1136:Tanizaki
1116:Schiller
1101:Richards
1091:Rancière
1061:Maritain
996:Hanslick
936:Benjamin
808:Feminism
777:Theology
757:Medieval
747:Japanese
742:Internet
627:21713306
568:31167552
559:10480816
488:18996066
378:"Beauty"
330:Buzzfeed
239:Beefcake
233:See also
98:beefcake
63:cultural
1630:Outline
1545:Related
1412:Poetics
1380:Tragedy
1370:Sublime
1343:Quality
1328:Mimesis
1286:Harmony
1271:Fashion
1246:Ecstasy
1241:Disgust
1157:more...
1126:Scruton
1051:Lyotard
986:Goodman
966:Deleuze
901:Aquinas
891:Alberti
864:more...
843:Realism
823:Marxism
803:Fascism
786:Schools
772:Science
727:Ancient
651:16 June
618:3721932
193:, with
146:slavery
1536:(2009)
1526:(1977)
1516:(1946)
1506:(1939)
1496:(1935)
1486:(1934)
1476:(1933)
1466:(1891)
1456:(1835)
1446:(1757)
1313:Kitsch
1291:Humour
1221:Comedy
1199:Beauty
1141:Vasari
1131:Tagore
1106:Ruskin
1046:Lukács
1036:Langer
981:Goethe
906:Balázs
886:Adorno
767:Nature
732:Africa
625:
615:
574:
566:
556:
486:
478:
209:Weight
102:height
94:figure
1670:This
1625:Index
1394:Works
1375:Taste
1365:Style
1146:Wilde
1086:Plato
1081:Pater
1041:Lipps
1001:Hegel
971:Dewey
961:Danto
941:Burke
762:Music
737:India
720:Areas
572:S2CID
542:(2).
381:(PDF)
249:Himbo
199:Greek
179:K-pop
1676:stub
1349:Rasa
1307:Kama
1281:Gaze
1216:Camp
1096:Rand
1031:Klee
1021:Kant
1011:Hume
931:Bell
653:2023
623:PMID
564:PMID
517:2022
484:PMID
476:ISSN
392:2022
363:2022
337:2022
311:2022
201:and
148:and
124:and
122:hair
84:and
57:The
1276:Fun
1056:Man
976:Fry
613:PMC
603:doi
554:PMC
544:doi
510:BBC
468:doi
195:art
1721::
1504:"
1494:"
1464:"
644:.
621:.
611:.
599:22
597:.
593:.
570:.
562:.
552:.
540:17
538:.
534:.
508:.
496:^
482:.
474:.
462:.
458:.
432:.
408:.
383:.
354:.
328:.
302:.
288:^
120:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
92:,
69:.
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
1682:.
1500:"
1490:"
1460:"
705:e
698:t
691:v
655:.
629:.
605::
578:.
546::
519:.
490:.
470::
464:6
443:.
418:.
394:.
365:.
339:.
313:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.