1251:
Committee on Senate Rules if reported in the Senate, except certain special laws (relative to a city or town) are placed directly on the Senate
Calendar (Orders of the Day), or, without debate to the House Steering, Policy and Scheduling committee if reported into the House. Reports from Senate Rules or House Steering, Policy and Scheduling are placed on the Calendar of the Chamber receiving the report for a second reading. If a bill reported favorably by a joint committee affects health care it is referred by the House or Senate Clerk to the joint committee on Health Care Financing; and the first reading is delayed until the next favorable report, thus allowing Health Care Financing to report to either the House or Senate. The Health Care Financing Committee is required to provide an estimated cost of the bill, when making their report. If the estimated cost is less than $ 100,000, the bill bypasses having to be referred to Ways and Means. If a bill is not related to health care, but affects the finances of the Commonwealth, or, if it is reported by the Health Care Financing Committee with an estimated cost greater than $ 100,000, it is referred to the Senate or House Committee on Ways and Means after the first reading. Adverse reports ("ought not to pass") are also referred to the Committee on Steering and Policy in the Senate or placed without debate in the Orders of the Day for the next session of the House. Acceptance by either branch of an adverse report is considered the final rejection and the matter of the matter. However, an adverse report can be overturned. A member may move to substitute the bill for the report, and, if the motion to substitute carries, the matter is then given its first reading and follows the same procedure as if reported favorably by committee.
1992:
446:
603:
1177:
391:
1308:
ninetieth. Laws considered "emergency" in nature take effect immediately upon signing if the legislature has voted to attach an "emergency preamble" to the bill. Adoption of the preamble requires a two-thirds standing vote of the membership. The governor may also declare an act to be an emergency law and make it effective at once. A special act takes effect thirty days from the day it is signed, unless it contains a provision to make it effective immediately.
51:
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786:
836:. The freemen would meet annually to elect representatives in the form of a Royal Governor, a Deputy Governor, and a Council made from the directors of the company. These officials were to have royally assented governmental control of the colony and would be tasked with the management and defense of the colonial plantation. The first Court assembled would be made from these members to discuss and evaluate the situation of the colony.
1337:
5549:
4662:
1262:. Following debate, a vote is taken and if the bill receives a favorable vote by the membership, it is ordered to a third reading and referred to the Committee on Bills in the Third Reading. This amounts to preliminary approval of the bill in that branch. That committee examines technical points, as well as the
1246:
to review the public testimony and discuss the merits of each bill before making their recommendations to the full membership of the House or Senate. The public may still observe "executive" sessions, but may not participate in these meetings. The committee then issues its report, recommending that
1209:
Lawmaking begins when legislators, or their delegates, file petitions accompanied by bills, resolves or other types of legislation electronically, using the
Legislative Automated Workflow System (LAWS). The electronically submitted legislation is received in the House or Senate Clerk's office where
1080:
General Court in
January 1921. Thereafter, the legislative year was defined as: "The first legislative year starting with the opening of the biennial session and ends at midnight on Tuesday before the first Wednesday of the following year. The second legislative year starts on the first Wednesday of
900:
By votes of the
General Court in the 1630s, the system of government changed to have an elected governor and to restrict the list of "freemen" to those affiliated with certain Puritan churches. In 1634, after complaint the charter was not being followed, a compromise resulted in recomposition of the
992:
led to some friction with the Royal
Governor and the General Court. The General Court retained power over spending and budget and while the Royal Officers, in the form of the Governor, the Governor's Council, etc. had more executive authority the Court could cause political stalemate if its demands
1250:
The first reading of a favorably reported bill is automatic and generally occurs when the committee's report appears in the
Journal of the House or Senate. Matters not requiring reference to another Joint, House or Senate committee are, following the first reading, referred without debate to the
1307:
A bill signed by the governor, or passed by two-thirds of both branches over his veto, becomes a law. It is usually effective in ninety days. The day after the governor signs the bill is considered to be the first day, and each succeeding day, including
Sundays and holidays is counted until the
985:. All laws passed by the General Court were to be approved by Royal Governor of the province. The powers of the monarch to be expanded in this new system as well. The King had full control of maritime affairs and acted as an executive, through the Royal Governor, to enforce commercial law.
901:
General Court as two deputies elected by freemen in each town. Problems with a judicial case resulted in another reform in 1638, where the
Council of Assistants became an upper house that sat separately, with consent of both houses required to pass legislation.
1287:
consisting of the three members from each legislative branch representing both political parties may be formed to effect a compromise piece of legislation. When a compromise is reached, the bill is sent to both legislative branches for their approval.
4019:
1156:
There are 160 representational districts in
Massachusetts, named for the counties in which they are located. The speaker of the House has historically been quite powerful, exerting significant influence over all aspects of state government.
1107:
was elected to the
Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1992 and is known as the first transgender person to serve in a state legislature in the United States. She was outed against her will following the election and served one term.
3865:
3684:
1295:, who may sign the bill into law, allow it to become law without signing it (if the governor holds the bill for ten days without taking any action while the legislature is in session, it becomes law without his or her signature),
1278:
The bill must then pass through three readings and engrossment in the second legislative branch. Should that occur, it is sent to the Legislative Engrossing Division where it is typed on special parchment in accordance with the
877:
legislature by virtue of the distinction between delegates elected by towns and the Council of Assistants. The assistants acted as magistrates and counselors of jurisprudence, however when in session they served as a sort of
1270:
of the measure, and ensures that it does not duplicate or contradict existing law. The committee then issues a report and returns the bill to the House or Senate for its third reading. At that time, legislators can further
865:
Once in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the new government reorganized itself out of convenience. Instead of attempting to assemble all stockholders to the meeting of the General Court the government decided on having each
4647:
1395:
3264:
1324:
based in the Massachusetts State House that provides comprehensive coverage of the Commonwealth's government. It is the only news organization with floor privileges and a desk in both the House and Senate chambers.
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men, was changed to a qualification of property ownership. The Assistants were also officially changed to a Governor's Council to be selected by the governor to act as an upper house as well as a council for
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it, or return it to the legislature with recommended changes. If the legislature has concluded its yearly session, and the governor does not sign the bill within ten days, it dies. This is referred to as a
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1008:, then the Royal Governor, cancelled the new elections for the General Court and in 1774 the assembly was essentially dissolved. This allowed the governor to rule by decree and appoint town governments.
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1238:, and others. Each committee is composed of six senators and eleven representatives. The standing committees schedule public hearings for the individual bills, which afford citizens, legislators and
275:
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book. The clerks number the bills and assign them to appropriate joint committees. There are 26 of these committees, each responsible for studying the bills which pertain to specific policy areas,
1019:
on March 17, 1776. The Governor's Council acted as the executive in the absence of the governor and lieutenant governor, administering the rebel forces of the colony during the early years of the
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3850:
3846:
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1400:
1283:. However, if the second branch passes an amended version of the bill, the legislation returns to the original branch for a vote of concurrence in the amendment. If concurrence is rejected, a
3870:
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3728:
3724:
889:
church members and freemen. This General Court removed any feudal restraints on the population and codified a Bill of Rights and powers of a judiciary. The General Court also enshrined the
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1032:
3875:
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3810:
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1027:
on April 19, 1775. The General Assembly declared Massachusetts independent from Britain on May 1, 1776. With the war still ongoing, demands for government reform resulted in the
1291:
A vote "to enact" the bill, first in the House and later in the Senate, is the final step in the passage of a bill by the legislature. Following enactment, the bill goes to the
3880:
3356:
2038:
589:
557:
3250:
3704:
3214:
3651:
3167:
2929:
2925:
828:. The "Great and General Court" was to meet in London and elect its officers and members in the same manner as other colonial charted companies of the time such as the
4631:
3860:
3856:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
1524:
1304:." This ten-day period includes Sundays and holidays, even if they fall on the tenth day, and it begins the day after the legislation is laid on the governor's desk.
3502:
3326:
1028:
1926:
5597:
3840:
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3019:
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3005:
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1736:
The nineties also saw the first openly transgender person in a state office, Althea Garrison, elected in 1992 but serving only one term in Massachusetts' House.
1077:
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3718:
3714:
3710:
3644:
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were not met. Even the Governor's reserve power to dissolve the General Court was ineffective because a new assembly had to be elected the following year.
3406:
3401:
1808:
3733:
3371:
759:, which ruled that it was an unconstitutional attempt to provide additional qualifications for office by statute, rather than constitutional amendment.
3386:
3381:
3346:
1939:
1463:(Brookings Institution Press, 2014), p. 202 ("Democrats frequently control a supermajority of both houses of the state legislature in Massachusetts").
1206:
The General Court is responsible for enacting laws in the state. The two legislative branches work concurrently on pending laws brought before them.
882:. Their assent and approval was needed in order for any decision from the house of delegates to be passed. The new legislature was elected annually.
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4909:
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4857:
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3331:
1166:
1151:
1131:
42:
2945:
2906:
2710:
2598:
906:
1829:"A tale of 3 Speakers - Salvatore DiMasi, Thomas Finneran and Charles Flaherty: Is lure of power too tempting?", Associated Press (July 4, 2011).
3890:
3454:
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3207:
2534:
2415:
2064:
1355:
1181:
1145:
722:
582:
550:
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88:
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3254:
2726:
2694:
2678:
2614:
1759:
1722:
1088:
187:
3512:
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5577:
5552:
3469:
3306:
2463:
2191:
1385:
1044:
848:
756:
3595:
2941:
2895:
2822:
2566:
2024:
1370:
935:
859:
3507:
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1035:
was held by a specially-elected body, and the resulting text, after amendment and ratification, became the current state constitution.
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1081:
the second year and ends when the legislature prorogues or at midnight on Tuesday before the first Wednesday of the following year.
1012:
667:
154:
914:. They regarded it as containing many errors and heresies and decided to make their views very plain by having the book burnt on
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1016:
737:
501:
470:
433:
415:
349:
328:
307:
286:
263:
241:
219:
198:
740:
have controlled both houses of the Massachusetts General Court, often by large majorities. The Democrats enjoyed veto-proof
1516:
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2690:
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2319:
1280:
946:
133:
5531:
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4776:
4772:
4768:
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4756:
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2187:
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602:
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3316:
3223:
2806:
2658:
2550:
2530:
2399:
2363:
1001:
481:
3527:
1097:
was one of the first three women in the Commonwealth to be elected to the state Legislature and the first woman from
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1473:
1058:
1020:
699:
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2123:
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1199:
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726:
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610:
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and moved the government to Massachusetts Bay. Along with them came the stock holders of the company and the
3542:
2826:
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1176:
1076:, were one-year elected sessions for both houses. This was expanded to two-year sessions starting with the
950:
927:
3600:
3424:
2770:
2562:
2546:
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839:
The first meeting of the original General Court took place in London in 1629. The General Court selected
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2315:
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390:
1505:(eds. Karl T. Kurtz, Bruce E. Cain & Richard G. Niemi) (University of Michigan Press, 2007), p. 11.
1275:
and amend the bill. Following the third reading, the body votes on "passing the bill to be engrossed."
1015:
and seized control of the colony except for Boston, where British troops maintained control until when
3179:
1136:
There are 40 senatorial districts in Massachusetts, named for the counties in which they are located.
3676:
3246:
2842:
2642:
2538:
2507:
2427:
2419:
2243:
2071:
1375:
1342:
1284:
1125:
989:
966:
755:; a term limit was enacted by initiative in Massachusetts in 1994 but in 1997 was struck down by the
714:
566:
534:
399:
215:
83:
1963:
Live and Archived webcasts of Massachusetts Senate and House of Representatives Full Formal Sessions
1111:
As of 2018, the General Court was composed of 75 percent male and 25 percent female representation.
2918:
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2115:
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1215:
931:
730:
237:
2514:
2331:
1247:
a bill "ought to pass" or "ought not to pass" and the report is submitted to the Clerk's office.
982:
833:
4674:
3636:
2778:
2754:
2570:
2554:
2379:
2267:
1987:
1912:
1755:
1718:
1267:
1243:
1084:
958:
809:
345:
1897:
1784:"The Tragic Story of Althea Garrison, the First Trans Person to Hold State Office in America"
2858:
2746:
2451:
1996:
1972:
1931:
1094:
997:
973:
were to be an extension of Massachusetts and thus under the authority of the General Court.
867:
829:
763:
3279:
1187:
2810:
2650:
2518:
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2435:
2403:
2355:
2291:
2211:
2179:
2147:
1104:
954:
911:
687:
484:
1474:
Democratic supermajority not so super: Lawmakers from same party but not on same platform
17:
1860:
785:
2874:
2794:
2499:
2307:
2227:
2131:
2099:
1259:
1255:
1219:
1031:, but the text proposed by the legislature failed in a statewide voter referendum. The
825:
282:
2001:
1672:
762:
The legislature is a full-time legislature, although not to the extent of neighboring
50:
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2522:
2339:
2259:
1054:
915:
890:
851:
844:
840:
813:
745:
741:
675:
2016:
1940:"Should the Massachusetts Legislature be subject to the state's public records law?"
2762:
2387:
2275:
1321:
194:
71:
1658:
1242:
the opportunity to express their views. Committee members meet at a later time in
1751:
Out and Running: Gay and Lesbian Candidates, Elections, and Policy Representation
1694:
1489:
2634:
2323:
2005:
1983:
1501:
Jennie Drage Bowser & Gary Moncrief, "Term Limits in State Legislatures" in
1461:
Presidential Pork: White House Influence over the Distribution of Federal Grants
1301:
1231:
1050:
1011:
In defiance of both Crown law and Gage, members of the General Court formed the
1005:
879:
855:
752:
725:, has 160 members; until 1978, the state house had 240 members. It meets in the
718:
710:
706:
1101:
to win a state legislative seat, representing that district from 1926 to 1928.
3192:
1418:
1332:
938:
convened an assembly of delegates from each town to reform the General Court.
894:
695:
638:
303:
259:
976:
Under this new system the religious qualification, that suffrage be for only
870:
elect two representatives to send in their stead. The General Court became a
650:
1235:
1227:
1211:
970:
874:
824:
of the time the first General Court was a meeting of shareholders, known as
703:
690:. Before the adoption of the state constitution in 1780, it was called the
686:, when the colonial assembly, in addition to making laws, sat as a judicial
751:
State senators and representatives both serve two-year terms. There are no
1263:
1239:
1223:
962:
886:
748:
by a governor) and also currently hold supermajorities in both chambers.
1909:
Leading the Way: a History of the Massachusetts General Court, 1629-1980
682:. The name "General Court" is a holdover from the earliest days of the
977:
1976:
1396:
List of members of the colonial Massachusetts House of Representatives
1272:
1195:
1004:
there was political turmoil in the province. With political disorder
817:
793:
679:
614:
651:
Joint Rules of the Massachusetts Senate and House of Representatives
1448:
Rethinking Health Care Policy: The New Politics of State Regulation
893:
as legal code under the discretion of local magistrates creating a
2010:
1503:
Institutional Change in American Politics: The Case of Term Limits
1186:
1175:
784:
1881:
1962:
1391:
List of Massachusetts General Court members expelled or censured
1296:
1254:
After a bill is read for a second time, it is open to debate on
4678:
3640:
3196:
3183:
2020:
1957:
1902:. Harvard University Library: Wright & Potter Printing Co.
796:, seat of the General Court from 1713 to 1774 and 1780 to 1798
744:
in both chambers for part of the 1990s (i.e., enough votes to
1754:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 86.
1432:
Power, Knowledge, and Politics: Policy Analysis in the States
904:
In October 1650 the General Court took exception to the book
800:
The earliest history of the General Court is in the original
626:
1548:, National Conference of State Legislatures (June 14, 2017).
1811:. National Conference of State Legislatures. March 14, 2018
1401:
List of state and territorial capitols in the United States
27:
Legislative branch of the state government of Massachusetts
1152:
2023–2024 Massachusetts legislature § Representatives
843:
as its representative to the colony. Soon after, Governor
1061:
in 1780. The body was in operation before Massachusetts
1695:
Florence Slocomb: Pioneer Woman Legislator in Bay State
1049:
The current Massachusetts General Court has met as the
627:
The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1644:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1577:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1167:
2023–2024 Massachusetts legislature § Committees
854:
broke with protocol when they themselves traveled to
1620:
1618:
1616:
1033:
Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780
5583:
1630 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
4642:
4562:
4478:
4422:
4354:
4198:
4178:
4122:
4106:
4026:
4014:
3950:
3926:
3898:
3889:
3675:
3556:
3488:
3415:
3287:
3232:
3185:
Articles Related to the Massachusetts General Court
2967:
2885:
2081:
2054:
1132:
2023–2024 Massachusetts legislature § Senators
644:
632:
620:
595:
579:
563:
547:
531:
526:
452:
397:
364:
359:
338:
317:
296:
273:
252:
229:
208:
185:
180:
163:
150:
110:
105:
95:
79:
65:
60:
34:
1958:General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1927:"Legislators' vital work veiled from public's eye"
1701:, November 13, 1955, p. 7 (subscription required).
1717:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 212.
1714:Queer America: A GLBT History of the 20th Century
1673:"FIRST NATIVE AMERICAN LEGISLATOR ON BEACON HILL"
1490:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1419:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
3337:Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
1840:MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATORS BALK AT LEADERS' POWER
1198:, the seat of the General Court and the state's
1517:"Top Massachusetts Court Overturns Term Limits"
1029:Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778
1899:A History of the Constitution of Massachusetts
4690:
3652:
3208:
2032:
1993:Works by or about Massachusetts General Court
1218:, and resolves are recorded in an electronic
8:
1911:. Boston: Massachusetts Secretary of State.
1450:(Georgetown University Press, 1998), p. 123.
922:Province of Massachusetts Bay in New England
3866:Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire and Middlesex
3685:Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden
1434:(Georgetown University Press, 2005), p. 93.
885:Suffrage was allowed only for men who were
4715:
4697:
4683:
4675:
3895:
3659:
3645:
3637:
3372:Office of Housing and Economic Development
3352:Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs
3215:
3201:
3193:
3180:
2039:
2025:
2017:
1609:. Springfield Massachusetts: Harry Wright.
781:Massachusetts Bay Colony § Government
694:, but the official title was shortened by
49:
31:
3377:Office of Labor and Workforce Development
1675:. The Barnstable Enterprise. June 1, 2012
55:Seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
3533:Office of Campaign and Political Finance
1442:
1440:
1603:The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption
1411:
907:The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption
816:joint stock company founded in 1628 in
3513:Disabled Persons Protection Commission
3455:Massachusetts Probate and Family Court
3357:Department of Environmental Protection
2065:United States House of Representatives
1809:"Women in State Legislatures for 2018"
1356:Massachusetts House of Representatives
1182:Massachusetts House of Representatives
1146:Massachusetts House of Representatives
1023:, which began in Massachusetts at the
723:Massachusetts House of Representatives
5598:Legislatures of the Thirteen Colonies
3332:Office for Administration and Finance
3168:Lists of past U.S. state legislatures
717:which is composed of 40 members. The
7:
5548:
4661:
3392:Office of Public Safety and Security
1984:Works by Massachusetts General Court
1527:from the original on August 29, 2022
1386:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
1161:Current joint committees and members
1045:List of Massachusetts General Courts
757:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
43:193rd General Court of Massachusetts
3367:Office of Health and Human Services
1859:. Malegislature.gov. Archived from
3480:Middlesex Probate and Family Court
1782:Osberg, Molly (November 8, 2017).
1320:is an independent privately owned
25:
3749:Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester
3576:Code of Massachusetts Regulations
3518:Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board
3508:Commission on the Status of Women
3503:Commission Against Discrimination
2048:Legislatures of the United States
1748:Haider-Markel, Donald P. (2010).
1421:. See Chapter I, Section I, Art.I
1013:Massachusetts Provincial Congress
155:Massachusetts Provincial Congress
5547:
4660:
3523:Massachusetts District Attorneys
3278:
1546:Full- and Part-Time Legislatures
1371:Massachusetts Governor's Council
1335:
1087:, seated in 1885, was the first
1072:The first sessions, starting in
1025:Battles of Lexington and Concord
678:located in the state capital of
601:
444:
389:
4020:Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket
3528:Massachusetts Inspector General
3796:Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex
3498:Board of Library Commissioners
3475:Essex Probate and Family Court
3397:Department of Public Utilities
3342:Department of Higher Education
3327:Treasurer and Receiver-General
3161:List of U.S. state legislators
1515:Rimer, Sarah (July 12, 1997).
664:General Court of Massachusetts
1:
3801:Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth
3322:Secretary of the Commonwealth
1600:Wright, Harry Andrew (1931).
947:Province of Massachusetts Bay
639:Constitution of Massachusetts
4706:Massachusetts General Courts
3407:Department of Youth Services
3402:Department of Transportation
1351:Massachusetts Capitol Police
210:Senate president pro tempore
5593:Government of Massachusetts
5578:Massachusetts General Court
3669:Massachusetts General Court
3387:Department of Public Health
3382:Department of Mental Health
3347:Emergency Management Agency
3225:Government of Massachusetts
2002:Massachusetts General Court
1091:to be elected to the body.
1002:Parliament of Great Britain
660:Massachusetts General Court
36:Massachusetts General Court
5614:
1857:"How an Idea Become a Law"
1697:." Boston, Massachusetts:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1129:
1123:
1059:Massachusetts Constitution
1057:since the adoption of the
1042:
1021:American Revolutionary War
778:
5545:
4713:
4658:
4643:Defunct districts
3538:Office of the Comptroller
3276:
3190:
3155:
1907:Cornelius Dalton (1984).
1711:Eaklor, Vicki L. (2008).
1381:Massachusetts State House
1192:Massachusetts State House
926:With the collapse of the
727:Massachusetts State House
649:
637:
625:
611:Massachusetts State House
609:
600:
443:
388:
298:House speaker pro tempore
169:January 4, 2023
48:
41:
18:Massachusetts Legislature
3261:House of Representatives
2926:Northern Mariana Islands
1896:Morison, Samuel (1917).
1882:State House News Service
1361:Massachusetts Government
1318:State House News Service
1312:State House News Service
1140:House of Representatives
996:With the passage of the
897:quasi-democratic state.
806:Massachusetts Bay Colony
775:Massachusetts Bay Colony
684:Massachusetts Bay Colony
583:House of Representatives
551:House of Representatives
455:House of Representatives
354:since November 21, 2002
333:since February 10, 2023
312:since February 11, 2021
291:since December 30, 2020
247:since February 28, 2018
89:House of Representatives
3871:Worcester and Middlesex
3845:Suffolk and Middlesex:
3816:Plymouth and Barnstable
3791:Middlesex and Worcester
3775:Middlesex and Norfolk:
3738:Hampden and Hampshire:
3548:State Ethics Commission
1053:of the Commonwealth of
1017:they evacuated the city
949:absorbed the colony of
928:Dominion of New England
692:Great and General Court
188:President of the Senate
5588:Bicameral legislatures
3820:Plymouth and Bristol:
3694:Bristol and Plymouth:
3543:Massachusetts Sheriffs
3470:Supreme Judicial Court
3425:Boston Municipal Court
2056:United States Congress
1980:. (Various documents).
1366:Massachusetts Governor
1203:
1184:
808:, one of the original
797:
766:or some other states.
268:since January 5, 2011
254:Senate Minority Leader
231:Senate Majority Leader
3876:Worcester and Norfolk
3786:Middlesex and Suffolk
3723:Essex and Middlesex:
3362:Department of Revenue
2969:Legislative elections
1190:
1179:
1172:Legislative procedure
943:Massachusetts Charter
860:Council of Assistants
822:joint-stock companies
788:
779:Further information:
340:House Minority Leader
319:House Majority Leader
224:since March 20, 2019
134:October 25, 1780
3831:Plymouth and Norfolk
3806:Norfolk and Plymouth
3490:Independent agencies
2896:District of Columbia
2072:United States Senate
1846:(December 10, 1983).
1376:Massachusetts Senate
1343:Massachusetts portal
1285:conference committee
1126:Massachusetts Senate
990:separation of powers
961:and the islands off
715:Massachusetts Senate
346:Bradley H. Jones Jr.
276:Speaker of the House
216:William Brownsberger
203:since July 26, 2018
3811:Norfolk and Suffolk
3690:Bristol and Norfolk
2958:U.S. Virgin Islands
1648:Morison 1917, p.11.
1636:Morison 1917, p.10.
1590:Morision 1917, p.8.
1581:Morision 1917, p.7.
1569:Morision 1917, p.6.
1557:Morision 1917, p.5.
1063:became a U.S. state
932:Glorious Revolution
378:160 representatives
238:Cynthia Stone Creem
165:New session started
117:March 18, 1629
4719:
3881:Obsolete districts
3596:Capital punishment
2887:Other legislatures
2083:State legislatures
1844:The New York Times
1624:Morison 1917, p.9.
1521:The New York Times
1446:Robert B. Hackey,
1204:
1185:
983:advice and consent
834:East India Company
820:. Much like other
798:
700:state constitution
371:200 voting members
5565:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5540:
5539:
4672:
4671:
4654:
4653:
3667:Districts of the
3634:
3633:
3177:
3176:
1988:Project Gutenberg
1838:Fox Butterfield,
1761:978-1-58901-699-6
1724:978-0-313-33749-9
1492:, Article LXXXII.
1268:constitutionality
1244:executive session
1085:Watson F. Hammond
967:Martha's Vineyard
959:District of Maine
957:, along with the
814:royally chartered
810:Thirteen Colonies
668:state legislature
656:
655:
159:
16:(Redirected from
5605:
5551:
5550:
4716:
4708:by year convened
4699:
4692:
4685:
4676:
4664:
4663:
4648:Former districts
4015:Cape and Islands
3896:
3705:Cape and Islands
3661:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3559:
3491:
3418:
3312:Attorney General
3290:
3282:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3181:
3170:
3163:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
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2953:
2937:
2921:
2914:
2898:
2878:
2862:
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2830:
2814:
2798:
2782:
2766:
2750:
2734:
2718:
2702:
2686:
2670:
2654:
2638:
2622:
2606:
2590:
2574:
2558:
2542:
2526:
2510:
2503:
2487:
2471:
2455:
2439:
2423:
2407:
2391:
2375:
2359:
2343:
2327:
2311:
2295:
2279:
2263:
2247:
2231:
2215:
2199:
2183:
2167:
2151:
2135:
2119:
2103:
2074:
2067:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
1997:Internet Archive
1979:
1947:
1932:The Boston Globe
1922:
1903:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1708:
1702:
1699:The Boston Globe
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1637:
1634:
1625:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1570:
1567:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1095:Florence Slocomb
1067:February 6, 1788
998:Intolerable Acts
830:Virginia Company
698:, author of the
688:court of appeals
605:
590:November 5, 2024
574:November 5, 2024
558:November 8, 2022
542:November 8, 2022
520:
518:
505:
500:
487:
480:
474:
469:
457:political groups
448:
437:
432:
419:
414:
402:political groups
393:
325:Michael J. Moran
245:
176:
174:
157:
151:Preceded by
145:
143:
138:
128:
126:
121:
114:Original charter
91:
53:
32:
21:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
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5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
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5159:
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5126:
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5110:
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5050:
5046:
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5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4709:
4703:
4673:
4668:
4650:
4638:
4558:
4474:
4418:
4355:Norfolk
4350:
4194:
4174:
4118:
4102:
4022:
4010:
3946:
3922:
3885:
3671:
3665:
3635:
3630:
3557:
3552:
3489:
3484:
3416:
3411:
3288:
3283:
3274:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2963:
2956:
2940:
2924:
2917:
2901:
2894:
2881:
2865:
2849:
2833:
2817:
2801:
2785:
2769:
2753:
2737:
2721:
2705:
2689:
2673:
2657:
2641:
2625:
2609:
2593:
2577:
2561:
2545:
2529:
2513:
2506:
2490:
2474:
2458:
2442:
2426:
2410:
2394:
2378:
2362:
2346:
2330:
2314:
2298:
2282:
2266:
2250:
2234:
2218:
2202:
2186:
2170:
2154:
2138:
2122:
2106:
2090:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2050:
2045:
1967:
1954:
1946:, June 25, 2020
1938:
1935:, July 8, 2011.
1919:
1906:
1895:
1892:
1890:Further reading
1887:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1863:on May 24, 2012
1855:
1854:
1850:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1614:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:(May 27, 2017).
1472:Jonathan Cohn,
1471:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1314:
1180:Chamber of the
1174:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1105:Althea Garrison
1089:Native American
1047:
1041:
955:Plymouth Colony
924:
912:William Pynchon
849:Deputy Governor
790:Old State House
783:
777:
772:
746:override vetoes
742:supermajorities
662:, formally the
613:
586:
570:
554:
538:
516:
515:
498:
497:
478:
477:
467:
466:
458:
430:
429:
412:
411:
403:
384:
381:
355:
353:
341:
334:
332:
320:
313:
311:
299:
292:
290:
278:
269:
267:
255:
248:
246:
236:
232:
225:
223:
211:
204:
202:
195:Karen E. Spilka
190:
172:
170:
166:
141:
139:
137:(243 years ago)
136:
135:
132:
130:
124:
122:
120:(395 years ago)
119:
118:
115:
98:
87:
86:
75:
74:
56:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5611:
5609:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5457:
5455:
5352:
5350:
5247:
5245:
5142:
5140:
5037:
5035:
4932:
4930:
4827:
4825:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4679:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:
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4566:
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4559:
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4480:
4476:
4475:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4011:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
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2013:—Massachusetts
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1925:Noah Bierman.
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1039:Later history
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891:Laws of Moses
888:
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869:
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852:Thomas Dudley
850:
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845:John Winthrop
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492:Minority (24)
486:
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407:Majority (36)
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3668:
3571:General Laws
3566:Constitution
3307:Lt. Governor
3241:
2723:South Dakota
2691:Rhode Island
2675:Pennsylvania
2611:North Dakota
2411:
1968:
1944:Boston Globe
1943:
1930:
1908:
1898:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1861:the original
1851:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1750:
1743:
1735:
1728:. Retrieved
1713:
1706:
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1667:
1653:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1553:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1520:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1485:
1477:
1468:
1460:
1459:John Hudak,
1455:
1447:
1431:
1426:
1414:
1322:wire service
1315:
1306:
1290:
1281:General Laws
1277:
1253:
1249:
1208:
1205:
1155:
1135:
1110:
1103:
1093:
1083:
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1048:
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975:
945:in 1691 the
940:
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905:
903:
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884:
871:
864:
838:
799:
761:
750:
736:Since 1959,
735:
691:
672:Commonwealth
663:
659:
657:
633:Constitution
509:
508:
491:
490:
461:
424:Minority (4)
423:
422:
406:
29:
3855:Worcester:
3753:Middlesex:
3621:LGBT rights
3234:Legislative
2942:Puerto Rico
2460:Mississippi
2188:Connecticut
2006:Ballotpedia
1793:October 26,
1767:October 20,
1730:October 20,
1679:January 29,
1302:pocket veto
1232:health care
1051:legislature
1006:Thomas Gage
880:upper house
856:New England
753:term limits
733:in Boston.
731:Beacon Hill
711:upper house
482:Independent
375:40 senators
158:(1774-1780)
131:Modern form
97:Term limits
5572:Categories
5532:194 (2025)
5528:193 (2023)
5524:192 (2021)
5520:191 (2019)
5516:190 (2017)
5512:189 (2015)
5508:188 (2013)
5504:187 (2011)
5500:186 (2009)
5496:185 (2007)
5492:184 (2005)
5488:183 (2003)
5484:182 (2001)
5480:181 (1999)
5476:180 (1997)
5472:179 (1995)
5468:178 (1993)
5464:177 (1991)
5460:176 (1989)
5451:175 (1987)
5447:174 (1985)
5443:173 (1983)
5439:172 (1981)
5435:171 (1979)
5431:170 (1977)
5427:169 (1975)
5423:168 (1973)
5419:167 (1971)
5415:166 (1969)
5411:165 (1967)
5407:164 (1965)
5403:163 (1963)
5399:162 (1961)
5395:161 (1959)
5391:160 (1957)
5387:159 (1955)
5383:158 (1953)
5379:157 (1951)
5375:156 (1949)
5371:155 (1947)
5367:154 (1945)
5363:153 (1943)
5359:152 (1941)
5355:151 (1939)
5346:150 (1937)
5342:149 (1935)
5338:148 (1933)
5334:147 (1931)
5330:146 (1929)
5326:145 (1927)
5322:144 (1925)
5318:143 (1923)
5314:142 (1921)
5310:141 (1920)
5306:140 (1919)
5302:139 (1918)
5298:138 (1917)
5294:137 (1916)
5290:136 (1915)
5286:135 (1914)
5282:134 (1913)
5278:133 (1912)
5274:132 (1911)
5270:131 (1910)
5266:130 (1909)
5262:129 (1908)
5258:128 (1907)
5254:127 (1906)
5250:126 (1905)
5241:125 (1904)
5237:124 (1903)
5233:123 (1902)
5229:122 (1901)
5225:121 (1900)
5221:120 (1899)
5217:119 (1898)
5213:118 (1897)
5209:117 (1896)
5205:116 (1895)
5201:115 (1894)
5197:114 (1893)
5193:113 (1892)
5189:112 (1891)
5185:111 (1890)
5181:110 (1889)
5177:109 (1888)
5173:108 (1887)
5169:107 (1886)
5165:106 (1885)
5161:105 (1884)
5157:104 (1883)
5153:103 (1882)
5149:102 (1881)
5145:101 (1880)
5136:100 (1879)
3899:Barnstable
3440:Land Court
2819:Washington
2563:New Mexico
2547:New Jersey
2156:California
1977:2452/35629
1918:0961391502
1659:"Glossary"
1478:Commonweal
1407:References
1256:amendments
1202:since 1798
1150:See also:
1130:See also:
1043:See also:
895:theocratic
719:lower body
702:. It is a
696:John Adams
519:Vacant (1)
510:Vacant (1)
502:Republican
471:Democratic
434:Republican
416:Democratic
304:Kate Hogan
181:Leadership
173:2023-01-04
142:1780-10-25
125:1629-03-18
5132:99 (1878)
5128:98 (1877)
5124:97 (1876)
5120:96 (1875)
5116:95 (1874)
5112:94 (1873)
5108:93 (1872)
5104:92 (1871)
5100:91 (1870)
5096:90 (1869)
5092:89 (1868)
5088:88 (1867)
5084:87 (1866)
5080:86 (1865)
5076:85 (1864)
5072:84 (1863)
5068:83 (1862)
5064:82 (1861)
5060:81 (1860)
5056:80 (1859)
5052:79 (1858)
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5019:72 (1851)
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5011:70 (1849)
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5003:68 (1847)
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4910:46 (1825)
4906:45 (1824)
4902:44 (1823)
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4850:31 (1810)
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4838:28 (1807)
4834:27 (1806)
4830:26 (1805)
4821:25 (1804)
4817:24 (1803)
4813:23 (1802)
4809:22 (1801)
4805:21 (1800)
4801:20 (1799)
4797:19 (1798)
4793:18 (1797)
4789:17 (1796)
4785:16 (1795)
4781:15 (1794)
4777:14 (1793)
4773:13 (1792)
4769:12 (1791)
4765:11 (1790)
4761:10 (1789)
4563:Worcester
4199:Middlesex
4179:Hampshire
3927:Berkshire
3835:Suffolk:
3606:Elder law
3289:Executive
3255:President
2851:Wisconsin
2739:Tennessee
2444:Minnesota
2364:Louisiana
2011:VoteSmart
1240:lobbyists
1236:insurance
1228:education
1212:petitions
1099:Worcester
971:Nantucket
941:With the
875:bicameral
804:of 1629.
738:Democrats
704:bicameral
666:, is the
527:Elections
360:Structure
72:Bicameral
4757:9 (1788)
4753:8 (1787)
4749:7 (1786)
4745:6 (1785)
4741:5 (1784)
4737:4 (1783)
4733:3 (1782)
4729:2 (1781)
4725:1 (1780)
4423:Plymouth
4107:Franklin
3626:Taxation
3616:Gun laws
3611:Gambling
3591:Cannabis
3581:Abortion
3417:Judicial
3297:Governor
2803:Virginia
2643:Oklahoma
2579:New York
2508:Nebraska
2476:Missouri
2428:Michigan
2396:Maryland
2348:Kentucky
2284:Illinois
2204:Delaware
2172:Colorado
2140:Arkansas
1788:Splinter
1531:July 11,
1525:Archived
1329:See also
1293:governor
1264:legality
1224:taxation
1200:governor
1115:Chambers
963:Cape Cod
951:Plymouth
934:in 1689
872:de facto
847:and the
832:and the
812:, was a
764:New York
585:election
569:election
553:election
537:election
5553:Commons
4666:Commons
4479:Suffolk
4123:Hampden
3951:Bristol
3734:Hampden
3709:Essex:
3586:Alcohol
3317:Auditor
3269:Speaker
3265:Members
3251:Members
2867:Wyoming
2787:Vermont
2492:Montana
2300:Indiana
2236:Georgia
2220:Florida
2124:Arizona
2092:Alabama
1995:at the
1867:May 13,
1815:May 24,
1260:motions
1000:by the
978:Puritan
930:in the
887:Puritan
826:freemen
802:charter
770:History
713:is the
670:of the
621:Website
171: (
140: (
123: (
111:Founded
106:History
3677:Senate
3464:Judges
3247:Senate
2659:Oregon
2515:Nevada
2332:Kansas
2252:Hawaii
2108:Alaska
1915:
1758:
1721:
1273:debate
1220:docket
1196:Boston
1120:Senate
953:. The
818:London
794:Boston
721:, the
709:. The
680:Boston
615:Boston
567:Senate
535:Senate
517:
499:
479:
468:
431:
413:
400:Senate
348: (
327: (
306: (
285: (
262: (
218: (
197: (
84:Senate
80:Houses
3891:House
3601:Crime
2755:Texas
2380:Maine
2268:Idaho
1607:(PDF)
1216:bills
1078:142nd
988:This
645:Rules
581:Next
565:Next
549:Last
533:Last
473:(134)
365:Seats
4636:18th
4632:17th
4628:16th
4624:15th
4620:14th
4616:13th
4612:12th
4608:11th
4604:10th
4556:19th
4552:18th
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4544:16th
4540:15th
4536:14th
4532:13th
4528:12th
4524:11th
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4472:12th
4468:11th
4464:10th
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4412:14th
4408:13th
4404:12th
4400:11th
4396:10th
4348:37th
4344:36th
4340:35th
4336:34th
4332:33rd
4328:32nd
4324:31st
4320:30th
4316:29th
4312:28th
4308:27th
4304:26th
4300:25th
4296:24th
4292:23rd
4288:22nd
4284:21st
4280:20th
4276:19th
4272:18th
4268:17th
4264:16th
4260:15th
4256:14th
4252:13th
4248:12th
4244:11th
4240:10th
4172:12th
4168:11th
4164:10th
4100:18th
4096:17th
4092:16th
4088:15th
4084:14th
4080:13th
4076:12th
4072:11th
4068:10th
4008:14th
4004:13th
4000:12th
3996:11th
3992:10th
3301:List
3146:2024
3139:2023
3132:2022
3125:2021
3118:2020
3111:2019
3104:2018
3097:2017
3090:2016
3083:2015
3076:2014
3069:2013
3062:2012
3055:2011
3048:2010
3041:2009
3034:2008
3027:2007
3020:2006
3013:2005
3006:2004
2999:2003
2992:2002
2985:2001
2978:2000
2919:Guam
2771:Utah
2627:Ohio
2316:Iowa
1913:ISBN
1869:2014
1817:2018
1795:2020
1769:2010
1756:ISBN
1732:2010
1719:ISBN
1681:2018
1533:2023
1316:The
1297:veto
1266:and
1258:and
1210:the
1074:1780
969:and
868:town
707:body
658:The
504:(24)
418:(36)
101:None
66:Type
61:Type
4600:9th
4596:8th
4592:7th
4588:6th
4584:5th
4580:4th
4576:3rd
4572:2nd
4568:1st
4516:9th
4512:8th
4508:7th
4504:6th
4500:5th
4496:4th
4492:3rd
4488:2nd
4484:1st
4460:9th
4456:8th
4452:7th
4448:6th
4444:5th
4440:4th
4436:3rd
4432:2nd
4428:1st
4392:9th
4388:8th
4384:7th
4380:6th
4376:5th
4372:4th
4368:3rd
4364:2nd
4360:1st
4236:9th
4232:8th
4228:7th
4224:6th
4220:5th
4216:4th
4212:3rd
4208:2nd
4204:1st
4192:3rd
4188:2nd
4184:1st
4160:9th
4156:8th
4152:7th
4148:6th
4144:5th
4140:4th
4136:3rd
4132:2nd
4128:1st
4116:2nd
4112:1st
4064:9th
4060:8th
4056:7th
4052:6th
4048:5th
4044:4th
4040:3rd
4036:2nd
4032:1st
3988:9th
3984:8th
3980:7th
3976:6th
3972:5th
3968:4th
3964:3rd
3960:2nd
3956:1st
3944:4th
3940:3rd
3936:2nd
3932:1st
3920:5th
3916:4th
3912:3rd
3908:2nd
3904:1st
3861:2nd
3857:1st
3851:2nd
3847:1st
3841:2nd
3837:1st
3826:2nd
3822:1st
3781:2nd
3777:1st
3771:5th
3767:4th
3763:3rd
3759:2nd
3755:1st
3744:2nd
3740:1st
3729:2nd
3725:1st
3719:3rd
3715:2nd
3711:1st
3700:2nd
3696:1st
3558:Law
2004:at
1986:at
1973:hdl
1194:in
1065:on
910:by
792:in
729:on
674:of
485:(1)
436:(4)
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