811:"The case has been argued largely as if it were one between two private parties; but it is not. The very elements that would be relied upon in a suit between fellow-citizens as a ground for equitable relief are wanting here. The State owns very little of the territory alleged to be affected, and the damage to it capable of estimate in money, possibly, at least, is small. This is a suit by a State for an injury to it in its capacity of quasi-sovereign. In that capacity the State has an interest independent of and behind the titles of its citizens, in all the earth and air within its domain. It has the last word as to whether its mountains shall be stripped of their forests and its inhabitants shall breathe pure air."
89:
869:) is too speculative and without adequate scientific support. The dissent also finds that even if there is a possibility that the state may lose some land because of global warming, the effect of obliging the EPA to enforce automobile emissions is hypothetical at best. According to Roberts, there is not a traceable causal connection between the EPA's refusal to enforce emission standards and petitioners' injuries. Finally, the dissent maintains that redressability of the injuries is even more problematic given that countries such as
819:"The Administrator shall by regulation prescribe (and from time to time revise) in accordance with the provisions of this section, standards applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from any class or classes of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, which in his judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare."
1328:
35:
932:. On June 26, 2012, the court issued an opinion which dismissed the challenges to the EPA's endangerment finding and the related GHG regulations. The three-judge panel unanimously upheld the EPA's central finding that GHG such as carbon dioxide endanger public health and were likely responsible for the global warming experienced over the past half century.
692:", a personalized injury creating a right to claim remedial action from the government through the courts (i.e., rather than to seek favorable action by pressing for supportive legislation). One of the three judges found no standing while a second of the three postponed a factual decision for any later trial. Although it had granted
776:
This case has become notable because of a widespread perception that the truth or falsehood of theories of global warming will be decided by the courts. While this could eventually occur in later proceedings, the questions before the U.S. Supreme Court here were much more narrow, and legal in nature.
730:
Whether carbon dioxide is an "air pollutant" causing "air pollution" as defined by the CAA. If carbon dioxide is not an air pollutant causing air pollution, then the EPA has no authority under the CAA to regulate carbon dioxide emissions. If the CAA governs carbon dioxide, the EPA Administrator could
764:
The
Petitioners asserted that the EPA Administrator's decision not to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases violated the terms of the CAA. Thus, the Supreme Court also considered whether the reasons given by the EPA were valid reasons within the CAA statute for the EPA Administrator to
780:
One of several reasons that the EPA Administrator declined to regulate carbon dioxide is uncertainty about whether man-made carbon dioxide emissions cause global warming. This has attracted great attention to the case. However, the
Supreme Court only decided whether the Administrator's reason is a
760:
and greenhouse gases are part of the second half. Petitioners argued that the use of 'including' automatically means greenhouse gases are part of the first group, 'any air pollution agent' which was not separately defined. EPA argued that this is wrong because 'Any
American automobile, including
854:
authored a dissenting opinion. First, the dissent condemns the majority's "special solicitude" conferred to
Massachusetts as having no basis in Supreme Court cases dealing with standing. The dissent compares the majority opinion to "the previous high-water mark of diluted standing requirements,"
784:
The
Petitioners argued that scientific uncertainty is not a valid basis for the EPA Administrator to decline to regulate. The question before the Supreme Court "was not whether the causation is true or untrue," but whether it is a valid reason for the Administrator to not regulate a pollutant.
743:
The
Petitioners argued that the definition in the CAA is so broad that carbon dioxide must be counted as an air pollutant. They claimed that the question was controlled by the words of the statute, so that factual debate was immaterial. Furthermore, the Petitioners filed substantial scientific
910:
In response to the Court's statement that, "If the scientific uncertainty is so profound that it precludes EPA from making a reasoned judgment as to whether greenhouse gases contribute to global warming, EPA must say so," Scalia responded that EPA has done precisely that, in the form of the
877:
are responsible for the majority of the greenhouse-gas emissions. The Chief
Justice concludes by accusing the majority of lending the Court as a convenient forum for policy debate and of transgressing the limited role afforded to the Supreme Court by the U.S. Constitution.
755:
The law's definition of air pollutant contains "any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive ... substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air, ..." Both sides agreed that
823:
The CAA defines "air pollutant" as "any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive ... substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air". The majority opinion commented that
781:
valid reason within the CAA. The
Supreme Court did not explicitly decide if it is true or untrue that man-made carbon dioxide emissions cause global warming, although high-profile comments by Justices during oral argument are likely to affect the public debate.
1894:
923:
On remand, EPA found that six greenhouse gases "in the atmosphere may reasonably be anticipated both to endanger public health and to endanger public welfare." On
February 16, 2010, the states of Alabama, Texas, and Virginia and several other parties sought
2811:
3657:
898:
the
Administrator to make a 'judgment' whenever a petition for rulemaking is filed?" Justice Scalia sees the Court's answer to this unequivocally as yes, but with no authority to back it. He backs this assertion by explaining that the "statute says
2686:
2109:
751:
If the statutory definition of the CAA includes carbon dioxide, then the Federal courts would have no discretion to reach any other conclusion. The definition contained in the statute, not evidence or opinion, would control the outcome.
768:
The EPA Administrator argued that other actions are already being taken to increase fuel efficiency of automobiles and that (as of 2003) scientific investigation was still under way. Thus, the EPA Administrator decided not to regulate
3259:
2101:
2069:
3329:
3593:
2522:
929:
682:
3313:
3283:
2867:
2771:
890:
found that the Court has no jurisdiction to decide the case because petitioners lack standing, which would have ended the inquiry. However, since the majority saw fit to find standing, his dissent continued.
3869:
4413:
3555:
3539:
3391:
2514:
971:
3673:
2117:
3463:
1802:
4013:
4110:
2474:
2466:
3641:
3625:
3609:
3601:
3547:
2093:
1794:
4403:
3006:
4289:
3215:
1910:
1415:
3925:
3321:
4398:
4351:
4268:
4256:
4103:
3563:
3407:
1012:
3831:
2899:
1778:
1345:
1160:
1007:
212:
140:
4176:
4079:
2450:
2141:
1640:
456:
4388:
3919:
2779:
1455:
1762:
4049:
4031:
907:
making a judgment"—the permissible reasons for deciding not to grapple with the issue at the present time. Scalia saw no basis in law for the Court's imposed limitation.
685:
decided on September 13, 2005, to uphold the decision of the EPA. However, appellate judges were sharply at odds in their reasoning for reaching the majority conclusion.
3689:
3649:
2378:
1955:
4161:
3383:
3291:
2891:
1947:
1664:
2394:
1711:
1081:
843:. The Court found the current rationale for not regulating to be inadequate and required the agency to articulate a reasonable basis in order to avoid regulation.
363:
734:
Whether the EPA Administrator may decline to issue emission standards for motor vehicles on the basis of policy considerations not enumerated in section 202(a)(1).
4171:
3415:
3337:
2157:
1551:
1332:
587:
4393:
4181:
4153:
3208:
2490:
2298:
618:
432:
424:
393:
250:
4116:
4096:
3399:
2498:
2125:
1770:
4037:
3353:
3345:
1059:
4408:
3439:
3431:
2189:
1972:
1002:
698:, the Supreme Court could have revisited the question of standing to dodge a difficult decision and dismiss the case for lack of standing. However, once
3789:
2402:
1578:
56:
43:
3752:
3201:
2971:
2883:
4428:
4423:
4324:
4186:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
1967:
1448:
912:
626:
4279:
4122:
4019:
4007:
3681:
3483:
2670:
1699:
4367:
3888:
3665:
2149:
1918:
1814:
1295:
4067:
4025:
2915:
2410:
2254:
961:
in that carbon dioxide among several other greenhouse gases were within the EPA's remit to regulate as pollutants under the Clean Air Act.
622:
1989:
765:
decide not to regulate carbon dioxide. The EPA argued that the Administrator has the discretion under the CAA to decide not to regulate.
4339:
4191:
3501:
3447:
3361:
3128:
2037:
1833:
4433:
4061:
3825:
3585:
3523:
3493:
3232:
2803:
2205:
1746:
1708:
1559:
1441:
1314:
1181:
1041:
815:
Second, the Court held that the CAA gives the EPA the authority to regulate tailpipe emissions of greenhouse gases. The CAA provides:
381:
93:
3894:
3837:
3801:
3633:
3303:
3061:
591:
4418:
4319:
4299:
4166:
4055:
4001:
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2165:
1428:
1409:
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3912:
3224:
2506:
2197:
1725:
1648:
1155:
950:
803:
563:
4246:
4226:
3937:
3882:
3764:
3531:
3513:
2843:
2795:
2133:
2045:
1597:
748:
of carbon dioxide results from high concentrations and that causation of global warming transforms the gas into a pollutant.
611:
603:
3275:
3855:
3373:
2875:
2604:
2229:
2213:
1902:
997:
870:
599:
452:
416:
367:
3819:
2907:
2819:
2290:
2013:
1939:
1624:
1287:
1930:
4284:
4231:
4201:
4084:
3906:
2588:
2029:
2005:
571:
463:
for "any air pollutant" from motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines "which in his judgment cause, or contribute to,
3711:
3144:
2346:
2221:
1825:
1692:
1478:
988:
48:
4274:
4211:
4090:
4073:
3943:
3849:
3813:
2955:
2314:
1464:
978:
798:
17:
4362:
4357:
4294:
3617:
3176:
2947:
2596:
2386:
2354:
2061:
1841:
1632:
1423:
1306:
942:
840:
832:
1245:
2482:
4142:
3949:
3160:
3152:
3089:
2731:
2370:
2362:
2181:
1878:
874:
543:
2923:
2641:
2338:
2077:
2021:
1997:
1754:
866:
857:
567:
3807:
797:
reasoned that the states had a particularly strong interest in the standing analysis. The majority cited
4262:
4251:
4136:
4129:
3843:
3719:
3251:
3030:
2931:
2763:
2458:
2442:
2418:
2322:
2282:
1685:
1349:
1164:
1062:(Press release). United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Public Affairs. August 23, 2003
992:
835:
the case to the EPA, requiring the agency to review its contention that it has discretion in regulating
575:
216:
132:
3795:
485:
Even if the EPA did have such authority, it would decline to set GHG emissions standards for vehicles.
4345:
3471:
1514:
937:
579:
1383:
1365:
4241:
4236:
3758:
3243:
2747:
2723:
2633:
2580:
2266:
2053:
1737:
1496:
308:
1283:
Suing the Tobacco and Lead Pigment Industries: Government Litigation as Public Health Prescription
3267:
3136:
3022:
2979:
2835:
2715:
2616:
2434:
2274:
2173:
1869:
1210:
4304:
3931:
3861:
3777:
3168:
3036:
3014:
2998:
2963:
2939:
2694:
2530:
2426:
2330:
1981:
1849:
1786:
1532:
1310:
1291:
1253:
460:
276:
1895:
Black & White Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co.
1301:
4221:
3073:
2538:
2085:
1857:
1374:
946:
555:
527:
397:
1167:
945:
on regulation of emissions and promoting alternate forms of energy for power plants in the
3900:
3737:
3575:
3455:
3120:
3081:
2827:
2787:
2739:
2306:
1677:
1656:
1282:
925:
851:
794:
300:
288:
1356:
1231:
1214:
388:, along with eleven other states and several cities of the United States, represented by
1083:
Mr. Mass v. EPA: An Interview with the Man Who Put Climate Change on America's Legal Map
4314:
2851:
2812:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
2755:
2706:
2678:
2559:
1886:
1392:
1017:
983:
887:
836:
825:
761:
trucks and minivans, ... ' does not mean that foreign trucks are American automobiles.
689:
614:'s Office represented the petitioners in oral arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court.
559:
479:
440:
409:
405:
401:
312:
284:
121:
1102:
1045:
197:
182:
4382:
4329:
4309:
2662:
2625:
731:
decide not to regulate carbon dioxide, but only consistent with the terms of the CAA.
547:
515:
478:
The EPA lacked authority under the CAA to regulate carbon dioxide and other GHGs for
468:
464:
431:
to regulate "any air pollutant" which could "endanger public health or welfare." The
420:
385:
1185:
4216:
2859:
662:
654:
607:
535:
389:
320:
296:
268:
3193:
135:
1118:
4334:
2110:
C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
595:
503:
436:
228:
2687:
Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
3770:
3658:
Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council
1327:
1060:"EPA Denies Petition to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Motor Vehicles"
714:
700:
694:
583:
523:
519:
499:
206:
151:
2102:
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
1257:
112:
Massachusetts, et al., Petitioners v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al.
4043:
3783:
3701:
2070:
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
1433:
551:
495:
246:
232:
201:
186:
147:
34:
1401:
163:
2653:
2571:
745:
650:
634:
507:
629:, Engine Manufacturers Association, Truck Manufacturers Association, CO
539:
2523:
Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg.
3330:
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council
1246:"Democrats Designed the Climate Law to Be a Game Changer. Here's How"
646:
638:
531:
998:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Fourth Assessment Report
688:
The lower court was sharply divided on whether the petitioners had "
2868:
Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.
2772:
United States v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures
1412:(public domain—may be copied verbatim into article with citations)
828:
fit well within the CAA's capacious definition of air pollutant."
666:
642:
633:
Litigation Group, Utility Air Regulatory Group, and the states of
511:
3870:
Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission
670:
658:
194:
179:
3556:
Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service
3540:
Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon
3197:
3108:
3059:
2557:
2515:
JPMorgan Chase Bank v. Traffic Stream (BVI) Infrastructure Ltd.
2252:
1723:
1681:
1437:
972:
Utility Air Regulatory Group v. Environmental Protection Agency
88:
3674:
National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense
3626:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
3548:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
3464:
HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association
2118:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
428:
28:
1803:
Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp.
1302:
The Rule of Five: Making Climate History at the Supreme Court
2475:
Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
2467:
Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle
3642:
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council
3610:
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection
3602:
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe
2094:
Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.
1795:
Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States
3007:
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State
1911:
Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.
941:, found that the EPA had taken undue authority within the
683:
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
4290:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
400:
to force the federal agency to regulate the emissions of
3322:
Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy
4414:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
3564:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
3408:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA
3284:
Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services
1013:
Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act
408:(GHGs) that pollute the environment and contribute to
2900:
Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn
1779:
England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners
1008:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 549
953:
includes language to address the Court's decision in
861:(1973). Roberts then argues that the alleged injury (
4080:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
2451:
Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida
2142:
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
1763:
Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux
1641:
People of the State of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp.
793:
First, the petitioners were found to have standing.
457:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
337:
Stevens, joined by Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer
4200:
4152:
3920:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
3734:
3700:
3574:
3512:
3482:
3372:
3302:
3231:
2990:
2780:
Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War
2705:
2652:
2615:
2570:
1966:
1929:
1868:
1813:
1736:
1608:
1589:
1570:
1543:
1524:
1507:
1488:
1471:
930:
U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit
357:
349:
341:
333:
328:
257:
239:
223:
174:
169:
159:
127:
117:
107:
100:
81:
4050:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
2379:Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley
903:about the reasons for which the Administrator may
253:if it fails to properly regulate these pollutants.
4404:United States Constitution Article Three case law
4104:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA
2395:American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co.
1956:Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp.
1227:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA
4162:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
3926:Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
3292:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
2892:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
1948:District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman
1665:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
1342:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
1334:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
1115:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
1098:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
467:which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger
377:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
82:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
18:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
4172:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
3416:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
3338:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
2158:Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York
1552:State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation
915:panel that researched climate-change science.
712:On June 26, 2006, the Supreme Court granted a
588:International Center for Technology Assessment
4399:United States Environmental Protection Agency
4182:United States Environmental Protection Agency
3832:Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act
3209:
2491:Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor
2299:American Insurance Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton
1693:
1449:
1419:article of April 2, 2007 relating to decision
251:United States Environmental Protection Agency
8:
3392:Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council
2499:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson
2126:United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe
1771:United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Ideal Cement Co.
455:(CAA), 42 U.S.C. § 7521(a)(1), requires the
4038:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
3354:Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council
3346:Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance
1035:
1033:
704:has been granted, such a reversal is rare.
4389:Climate change policy in the United States
4032:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
3440:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
3432:Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.
3384:Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council
3299:
3216:
3202:
3194:
3105:
3056:
2567:
2554:
2403:Smith v. Kansas City Title & Trust Co.
2249:
2190:Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd.
1733:
1720:
1700:
1686:
1678:
1456:
1442:
1434:
1003:Lists of United States Supreme Court cases
474:In 2003, the EPA made two determinations:
439:does not authorize the agency to regulate
78:
3790:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
3759:Forest Service Organic Administration Act
3400:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations
1579:Asghar Leghari vs. Federation of Pakistan
865:, Massachusetts' loss of land because of
3753:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
2972:FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine
2884:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
353:Scalia, joined by Roberts, Thomas, Alito
345:Roberts, joined by Scalia, Thomas, Alito
59:of all important aspects of the article.
4187:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1029:
627:National Automobile Dealers Association
4280:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
4123:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
4020:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
4008:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
3682:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
55:Please consider expanding the lead to
4368:Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action
3889:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
3666:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
3276:Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation
2150:Dolan v. United States Postal Service
1919:Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States
894:The main question is, "Does anything
727:Whether the petitioners had standing.
76:2007 United States Supreme Court case
7:
4394:United States environmental case law
4097:Energy Independence and Security Act
4068:National Environmental Education Act
2916:Clapper v. Amnesty International USA
2411:Hartsville Oil Mill v. United States
935:A later Supreme Court case in 2022,
623:Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
4340:Significant New Alternatives Policy
4192:U.S. Global Change Research Program
3502:Southern Union Co. v. United States
3448:Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
3362:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
3129:Osborn v. Bank of the United States
2671:Toilet Goods Ass'n, Inc. v. Gardner
2038:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
1834:Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy
604:U.S. Public Interest Research Group
435:denied the petition, claiming that
4117:America's Water Infrastructure Act
4107:(D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012)
3826:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
3586:United States v. Riverside Bayview
3524:Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
3494:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
2804:Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India
2206:Jam v. International Finance Corp.
1747:Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.
1560:Milieudefensie v Royal Dutch Shell
1244:Friedman, Lisa (August 22, 2022).
94:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
4409:United States Supreme Court cases
4133:(5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022)
3895:National Environmental Policy Act
3873:(2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965)
3634:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.
3594:SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers
1990:The Schooner Exchange v. M'Faddon
1352:497 (2007) is available from:
1286:by Donald G. Gifford. Ann Arbor,
592:Natural Resources Defense Council
4320:Presidential Climate Action Plan
4300:New Source Performance Standards
4167:Council on Environmental Quality
4056:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
2166:Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons
1326:
590:, National Environmental Trust,
380:, 549 U.S. 497 (2007), is a 5–4
87:
33:
3956:Water Resources Development Act
3913:Coastal Zone Management Program
3225:United States environmental law
2507:Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
2198:OBB Personenverkehr AG v. Sachs
1649:Connecticut v. ExxonMobil Corp.
1156:Georgia v. Tennessee Copper Co.
957:, and codified the findings in
951:Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
804:Georgia v. Tennessee Copper Co.
619:Environmental Protection Agency
564:Center for Biological Diversity
425:Environmental Protection Agency
394:Environmental Protection Agency
47:may be too short to adequately
4429:Legal history of Massachusetts
4424:2007 in United States case law
4247:Environmental impact statement
4227:Corporate average fuel economy
4111:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
3532:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
2844:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
2796:Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois
2134:Republic of Austria v. Altmann
2046:Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
1598:McGaughey and Davies v USS Ltd
928:of EPA's determination in the
612:Massachusetts Attorney General
57:provide an accessible overview
1:
2876:DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno
2605:Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer
2214:Republic of Sudan v. Harrison
1903:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
1429:Bloomberg report of 6/26/2006
600:Union of Concerned Scientists
249:, and the States may sue the
4026:Toxic Substances Control Act
2820:City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
2014:Schillinger v. United States
1940:Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co.
1625:Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corp.
1424:Transcript of Oral Arguments
1288:University of Michigan Press
4285:National Climate Assessment
4232:Discharge Monitoring Report
4085:Food Quality Protection Act
3907:Coastal Zone Management Act
2589:Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez
2030:United States v. Wunderlich
949:. In response, part of the
574:, Environmental Advocates,
572:Conservation Law Foundation
392:, brought suit against the
4450:
4062:Global Change Research Act
3712:United States v. Bestfoods
3145:Mistretta v. United States
2371:Burton v. United States II
2347:City of St. Louis v. Myers
2222:Opati v. Republic of Sudan
1826:Murdock v. City of Memphis
1479:Grande-Synthe climate case
1402:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1234: (D.C. Cir. 2012).
1215:Roberts dissenting opinion
1105: (D.C. Cir. 2005).
989:Global warming controversy
185:, 367 U.S. App. D.C. 282 (
4434:Climate change litigation
4335:Section 608 Certification
4275:Maximum contaminant level
4212:Best available technology
3858:(1963, 1970, 1977, 1990)
3838:Air Pollution Control Act
3802:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
3115:
3104:
3068:
3055:
2956:TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez
2566:
2553:
2363:Burton v. United States I
2315:United States v. Jackalow
2291:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
2261:
2248:
1732:
1719:
1465:Climate change litigation
979:Effects of global warming
913:National Research Council
451:Section 202(a)(1) of the
362:
262:
245:Greenhouse gases are air
244:
200:, 369 U.S. App. D.C. 56 (
86:
4363:Toxicity category rating
4358:Total maximum daily load
4295:National Priorities List
4177:Office of Surface Mining
4002:Federal Noxious Weed Act
3903:(1972, 1977, 1987, 2014)
3877:Solid Waste Disposal Act
3618:Rapanos v. United States
3177:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
2948:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2597:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2387:Muskrat v. United States
2355:Barrett v. United States
2062:United States v. Stanley
1842:Fox Film Corp. v. Muller
1817:independent state ground
1633:Juliana v. United States
1307:Harvard University Press
1267:– via NYTimes.com.
943:major questions doctrine
841:greenhouse gas emissions
562:, and the organizations
101:Argued November 29, 2006
4419:2007 in the environment
4325:Renewable Fuel Standard
4143:Inflation Reduction Act
3950:Safe Drinking Water Act
3161:United States v. Hatter
3153:Peretz v. United States
3090:Cramer v. United States
2732:Massachusetts v. Mellon
2483:Thomas v. Union Carbide
2182:United States v. Bormes
1931:Rooker–Feldman doctrine
1879:United States v. Hudson
1305:by Richard J. Lazarus,
881:
3938:Endangered Species Act
3883:Endangered Species Act
3765:Rivers and Harbors Act
3314:United States v. SCRAP
3260:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
2924:Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins
2642:Nixon v. United States
2339:United States v. Klein
2230:Trump v. United States
2078:Saudi Arabia v. Nelson
2022:Feres v. United States
1998:Mississippi v. Johnson
1755:Burford v. Sun Oil Co.
858:United States v. SCRAP
846:
821:
813:
708:Granting of certiorari
568:Center for Food Safety
4263:Executive Order 13990
4257:Executive Order 13432
4252:Environmental justice
4137:CHIPS and Science Act
3844:Fish and Wildlife Act
3720:Guam v. United States
3252:Sierra Club v. Morton
3082:United States v. Burr
3031:Rucho v. Common Cause
2932:Texas v. Pennsylvania
2908:Bond v. United States
2764:Sierra Club v. Morton
2459:Arizona v. New Mexico
2443:Glidden Co. v. Zdanok
2419:Wisconsin v. Illinois
2323:Ex parte Vallandigham
2283:United States v. More
1973:presidential immunity
1201:, 549 U.S. at 528-29.
1145:, 549 U.S. at 518-20.
993:Climate change denial
852:Chief Justice Roberts
817:
809:
617:Respondents were the
576:Environmental Defense
396:(EPA) represented by
146:127 S. Ct. 1438; 167
103:Decided April 2, 2007
4346:State of the Climate
4014:Magnuson–Stevens Act
3820:McSweeney-McNary Act
3472:West Virginia v. EPA
3424:Massachusetts v. EPA
2006:United States v. Lee
1617:Massachusetts v. EPA
1515:Climate Case Ireland
1232:684 F.3d 102
1199:Massachusetts v. EPA
1143:Massachusetts v. EPA
1131:Massachusetts v. EPA
1086:, September 30, 2010
938:West Virginia v. EPA
789:Opinion of the Court
580:Friends of the Earth
364:U.S. Const. art. III
4310:Not-To-Exceed (NTE)
4242:Environmental crime
4237:Effluent guidelines
3998:, 2014, 2016, 2022)
3738:federal legislation
3244:Missouri v. Holland
2748:Altvater v. Freeman
2724:Fairchild v. Hughes
2634:Goldwater v. Carter
2581:DeFunis v. Odegaard
2267:Chisholm v. Georgia
2054:Nixon v. Fitzgerald
1497:Neubauer v. Germany
1103:415 F.3d 50
831:Finally, the Court
558:, the territory of
498:were the states of
309:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
4130:Louisiana v. Biden
4044:CERCLA (Superfund)
3952:(1974, 1986, 1996)
3268:Hughes v. Oklahoma
3137:Forrester v. White
3023:Vieth v. Jubelirer
2980:Murthy v. Missouri
2836:Diamond v. Charles
2716:Bailiff v. Tipping
2617:Political question
2435:Colegrove v. Green
2275:Marbury v. Madison
2174:Samantar v. Yousuf
1968:Sovereign immunity
1870:Federal common law
1709:U.S. Supreme Court
1250:The New York Times
1211:Cornell University
1133:, 549 U.S. at 526.
744:evidence that the
715:writ of certiorari
461:emission standards
382:U.S. Supreme Court
273:Associate Justices
4376:
4375:
4305:New Source Review
4091:Energy Policy Act
4074:Oil Pollution Act
3944:Oil Pollution Act
3932:Noise Control Act
3862:Acid Rain Program
3850:Oil Pollution Act
3814:Oil Pollution Act
3808:Clarke–McNary Act
3730:
3729:
3690:Sackett v. EPA II
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3169:Stern v. Marshall
3100:
3099:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3037:Benisek v. Lamone
3015:Davis v. Bandemer
2964:Biden v. Nebraska
2940:Trump v. New York
2695:Trump v. New York
2549:
2548:
2531:Bowles v. Russell
2427:Crowell v. Benson
2331:Ex parte McCardle
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
1982:Little v. Barreme
1850:Harrison v. NAACP
1787:Younger v. Harris
1675:
1674:
1533:Greenpeace v. Eni
1331:Works related to
1296:978-0-472-11714-7
1046:§ 7521(a)(1)
867:rising sea levels
373:
372:
74:
73:
16:(Redirected from
4441:
4222:Clean Power Plan
4154:Federal agencies
3796:Weeks–McLean Act
3650:Sackett v. EPA I
3300:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3195:
3106:
3074:Ex parte Bollman
3057:
2568:
2555:
2539:Patchak v. Zinke
2250:
2086:Clinton v. Jones
1858:Michigan v. Long
1734:
1721:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1330:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1037:
947:Clean Power Plan
882:Scalia's dissent
847:Roberts' dissent
826:greenhouse gases
556:Washington, D.C.
546:, the cities of
427:was required by
423:argued that the
406:greenhouse gases
398:Gregory G. Garre
258:Court membership
219:1029 (2006).
191:rehearing denied
91:
90:
79:
69:
66:
60:
37:
29:
21:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4204:
4196:
4148:
3901:Clean Water Act
3745:
3744:and lower court
3743:
3741:
3736:
3726:
3696:
3570:
3508:
3478:
3456:Michigan v. EPA
3368:
3298:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3192:
3183:
3121:Stuart v. Laird
3111:
3096:
3064:
3043:
2986:
2828:Allen v. Wright
2788:Warth v. Seldin
2740:Ex parte Levitt
2701:
2648:
2611:
2562:
2545:
2307:Sheldon v. Sill
2257:
2236:
1971:
1962:
1925:
1864:
1816:
1809:
1728:
1715:
1706:
1676:
1671:
1657:Held v. Montana
1604:
1585:
1566:
1539:
1520:
1503:
1484:
1467:
1462:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1323:
1278:
1276:Further reading
1273:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1180:
1179:Clean Air Act,
1178:
1174:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1040:
1039:Clean Air Act,
1038:
1031:
1026:
967:
926:judicial review
921:
884:
849:
795:Justice Stevens
791:
759:
741:
724:
710:
679:
632:
492:
449:
311:
301:Clarence Thomas
299:
289:Anthony Kennedy
287:
277:John P. Stevens
155:
102:
96:
77:
70:
64:
61:
54:
42:This article's
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4447:
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4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4352:Tailoring Rule
4349:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4315:PACE financing
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4249:
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4229:
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4214:
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4174:
4169:
4164:
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4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3762:
3756:
3749:
3747:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3716:
3707:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3519:
3517:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3379:
3377:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2999:Hayburn's Case
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2852:Raines v. Byrd
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2756:Flast v. Cohen
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2679:Laird v. Tatum
2675:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2560:Justiciability
2558:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1887:Swift v. Tyson
1883:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1724:
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1716:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1590:United Kingdom
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:New York Times
1413:
1407:
1384:Google Scholar
1338:
1322:
1321:External links
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:978-0674238121
1298:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1236:
1218:
1203:
1191:
1186:§ 7602(g)
1172:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1107:
1089:
1073:
1051:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1018:Standing (law)
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
986:
984:Global warming
981:
976:
966:
963:
920:
917:
901:nothing at all
888:Justice Scalia
883:
880:
848:
845:
837:carbon dioxide
799:Justice Holmes
790:
787:
771:"at this time"
757:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
728:
723:
720:
709:
706:
678:
675:
630:
560:American Samoa
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
480:climate change
448:
445:
441:greenhouse gas
410:climate change
402:carbon dioxide
384:case in which
371:
370:
360:
359:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
343:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
326:
325:
324:
323:
313:Stephen Breyer
285:Antonin Scalia
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145:
129:
125:
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119:
115:
114:
109:
108:Full case name
105:
104:
98:
97:
92:
84:
83:
75:
72:
71:
51:the key points
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4446:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
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4420:
4417:
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4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
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4390:
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4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
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4348:
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4330:Right to know
4328:
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3856:Clean Air Act
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3233:Supreme Court
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2663:Poe v. Ullman
2660:
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2628:
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2626:Baker v. Carr
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1366:CourtListener
1358:
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1337:at Wikisource
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959:Massachusetts
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955:West Virginia
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820:
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808:
806:
805:
801:' opinion in
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766:
762:
753:
749:
747:
738:
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677:Appeals court
676:
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516:Massachusetts
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
489:
484:
481:
477:
476:
475:
472:
471:or welfare."
470:
469:public health
466:
465:air pollution
462:
458:
454:
453:Clean Air Act
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
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422:
421:Massachusetts
418:
417:Clean Air Act
413:
411:
407:
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386:Massachusetts
383:
379:
378:
369:
368:Clean Air Act
365:
361:
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340:
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332:
329:Case opinions
327:
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318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
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270:
267:
265:Chief Justice
264:
263:
261:
256:
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243:
238:
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218:
214:
210:
208:
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164:Oral argument
162:
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110:
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85:
80:
68:
58:
52:
50:
45:
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4344:
4217:Citizen suit
4205:and concepts
4128:
4102:
3868:
3718:
3710:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
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3584:
3562:
3554:
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2946:
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2930:
2922:
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2906:
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2882:
2874:
2866:
2860:FEC v. Akins
2858:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
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2329:
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2255:Jurisdiction
2228:
2220:
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2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
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2156:
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2020:
2012:
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1996:
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1980:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
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1824:
1815:Adequate and
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
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1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
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1596:
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1558:
1550:
1531:
1495:
1416:
1341:
1333:
1300:
1281:
1261:. Retrieved
1249:
1239:
1226:
1221:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1175:
1170: (1907).
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
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1114:
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1054:
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936:
934:
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909:
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900:
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713:
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693:
687:
680:
663:South Dakota
655:North Dakota
616:
608:James Milkey
536:Rhode Island
493:
473:
450:
414:
390:James Milkey
376:
375:
374:
358:Laws applied
321:Samuel Alito
316:
304:
297:David Souter
292:
280:
269:John Roberts
205:
190:
170:Case history
139:
111:
62:
46:
44:lead section
26:
4202:Regulations
1712:Article III
1544:Netherlands
1117:, 549 U.S.
596:Sierra Club
504:Connecticut
496:petitioners
443:emissions.
437:federal law
4383:Categories
3771:Refuse Act
1738:Abstention
1726:Federalism
1410:CRS Report
1263:August 22,
1066:August 12,
839:and other
701:certiorari
695:certiorari
602:, and the
584:Greenpeace
544:Washington
524:New Mexico
520:New Jersey
500:California
447:Background
415:Under the
404:and other
247:pollutants
224:Subsequent
152:U.S. LEXIS
150:248; 2007
118:Docket no.
65:April 2022
3784:Weeks Act
3778:Lacey Act
3746:decisions
3742:treaties,
3236:decisions
1258:0362-4331
1182:42 U.S.C.
1042:42 U.S.C.
739:Arguments
552:Baltimore
482:purposes.
233:D.C. Cir.
202:D.C. Cir.
187:D.C. Cir.
148:L. Ed. 2d
128:Citations
49:summarize
4269:LDV Rule
2707:Standing
2654:Ripeness
2572:Mootness
1714:case law
1571:Pakistan
1340:Text of
1309:, 2020.
1290:, 2010.
1168:230, 237
965:See also
833:remanded
807:(1907):
746:toxicity
690:standing
651:Nebraska
635:Michigan
548:New York
528:New York
508:Illinois
334:Majority
229:F. App'x
160:Argument
3909:(1972)
3767:(1899)
3062:Treason
1508:Ireland
1489:Germany
1375:Findlaw
1357:Cornell
1121:(2006).
896:require
886:First,
610:of the
540:Vermont
490:Parties
459:to set
350:Dissent
342:Dissent
240:Holding
209:granted
204:2005);
189:2005);
122:05-1120
4354:(2010)
4271:(2010)
4265:(2022)
4259:(2007)
4145:(2022)
4139:(2022)
4125:(2021)
4119:(2018)
4113:(2016)
4099:(2007)
4093:(2005)
4087:(1996)
4076:(1990)
4070:(1990)
4064:(1990)
4058:(1986)
4052:(1986)
4046:(1980)
4040:(1978)
4034:(1977)
4028:(1976)
4022:(1976)
4016:(1976)
4010:(1975)
4004:(1975)
3946:(1973)
3940:(1973)
3934:(1972)
3928:(1972)
3922:(1972)
3897:(1970)
3891:(1970)
3885:(1969)
3879:(1965)
3852:(1961)
3846:(1956)
3840:(1955)
3834:(1954)
3828:(1934)
3822:(1928)
3816:(1924)
3810:(1924)
3804:(1918)
3798:(1913)
3792:(1911)
3786:(1911)
3780:(1900)
3761:(1897)
3755:(1872)
3723:(2021)
3715:(1998)
3702:CERCLA
3693:(2023)
3685:(2020)
3677:(2018)
3669:(2016)
3661:(2013)
3653:(2012)
3645:(2009)
3637:(2009)
3629:(2007)
3621:(2006)
3613:(2006)
3605:(2004)
3597:(2001)
3589:(1985)
3567:(2021)
3559:(2018)
3551:(2007)
3543:(1995)
3535:(1992)
3527:(1978)
3505:(2012)
3497:(1978)
3475:(2022)
3467:(2021)
3459:(2015)
3451:(2014)
3443:(2011)
3435:(2007)
3427:(2007)
3419:(2004)
3411:(2004)
3403:(2001)
3395:(1984)
3387:(1975)
3365:(2010)
3357:(2008)
3349:(2004)
3341:(2004)
3333:(1983)
3325:(1983)
3317:(1973)
3295:(2021)
3287:(2000)
3279:(1990)
3271:(1979)
3263:(1978)
3255:(1972)
3247:(1920)
3180:(2016)
3172:(2011)
3164:(2001)
3156:(1991)
3148:(1989)
3140:(1988)
3132:(1824)
3124:(1803)
3110:Others
3093:(1945)
3085:(1807)
3077:(1807)
3040:(2019)
3026:(2004)
3018:(1986)
3010:(1985)
3002:(1792)
2991:Others
2983:(2024)
2975:(2024)
2967:(2023)
2959:(2021)
2951:(2021)
2943:(2020)
2935:(2020)
2927:(2016)
2919:(2013)
2911:(2011)
2903:(2011)
2895:(2007)
2887:(2007)
2879:(2006)
2871:(2000)
2863:(1998)
2855:(1997)
2847:(1992)
2839:(1986)
2831:(1984)
2823:(1983)
2815:(1982)
2807:(1978)
2799:(1977)
2791:(1975)
2783:(1974)
2775:(1973)
2767:(1972)
2759:(1968)
2751:(1943)
2743:(1937)
2735:(1923)
2727:(1922)
2719:(1805)
2698:(2020)
2690:(1985)
2682:(1972)
2674:(1967)
2666:(1961)
2645:(1993)
2637:(1979)
2629:(1962)
2608:(2023)
2600:(2021)
2592:(2016)
2584:(1974)
2542:(2018)
2534:(2007)
2526:(2005)
2518:(2002)
2510:(1995)
2502:(1986)
2494:(1986)
2486:(1985)
2478:(1982)
2470:(1977)
2462:(1976)
2454:(1974)
2446:(1962)
2438:(1946)
2430:(1932)
2422:(1929)
2414:(1926)
2406:(1921)
2398:(1916)
2390:(1911)
2382:(1908)
2374:(1906)
2366:(1905)
2358:(1898)
2350:(1885)
2342:(1871)
2334:(1869)
2326:(1864)
2318:(1862)
2310:(1850)
2302:(1828)
2294:(1816)
2286:(1805)
2278:(1803)
2270:(1793)
2233:(2024)
2225:(2020)
2217:(2019)
2209:(2019)
2201:(2015)
2193:(2014)
2185:(2012)
2177:(2010)
2169:(2008)
2161:(2007)
2153:(2006)
2145:(2005)
2137:(2004)
2129:(2003)
2121:(2003)
2113:(2001)
2105:(1999)
2097:(1998)
2089:(1997)
2081:(1993)
2073:(1991)
2065:(1987)
2057:(1982)
2049:(1978)
2041:(1964)
2033:(1951)
2025:(1950)
2017:(1894)
2009:(1882)
2001:(1867)
1993:(1812)
1985:(1804)
1959:(2005)
1951:(1983)
1943:(1923)
1922:(1943)
1914:(1938)
1906:(1938)
1898:(1928)
1890:(1842)
1882:(1812)
1861:(1983)
1853:(1959)
1845:(1935)
1837:(1896)
1829:(1875)
1806:(1983)
1798:(1976)
1790:(1971)
1782:(1964)
1774:(1962)
1766:(1959)
1758:(1943)
1750:(1941)
1668:(2021)
1660:(2020)
1652:(2020)
1644:(2018)
1636:(2015)
1628:(2008)
1620:(2007)
1601:(2022)
1582:(2015)
1563:(2021)
1555:(2019)
1536:(2024)
1517:(2020)
1500:(2020)
1481:(2021)
1472:France
1405:
1399:
1396:
1393:Justia
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1313:
1294:
1256:
1230:,
1184:
1159:,
1101:,
1044:
975:(2014)
919:Remand
722:Issues
669:, and
647:Kansas
639:Alaska
621:, the
554:, and
532:Oregon
319:
317:·
315:
307:
305:·
303:
295:
293:·
291:
283:
281:·
279:
231:829 (
193:, 433
3735:Major
3704:cases
3578:cases
3516:cases
3486:cases
3376:cases
3306:cases
1525:Italy
1348:
1163:
1024:Notes
905:defer
875:China
871:India
667:Texas
643:Idaho
512:Maine
235:2007)
215:
207:cert.
175:Prior
3996:2007
3992:2000
3988:1999
3984:1996
3980:1992
3976:1990
3972:1988
3968:1986
3964:1976
3960:1974
3484:RCRA
3304:NEPA
1350:U.S.
1311:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1265:2022
1254:ISSN
1165:U.S.
1119:1029
1068:2010
991:and
873:and
863:i.e.
681:The
671:Utah
659:Ohio
542:and
494:The
227:249
217:U.S.
195:F.3d
180:F.3d
178:415
154:3785
141:more
133:U.S.
131:549
3576:CWA
3514:ESA
3374:CAA
1970:and
1346:549
1161:206
433:EPA
429:law
213:549
136:497
4385::
3994:,
3990:,
3986:,
3982:,
3978:,
3974:,
3970:,
3966:,
3962:,
3034:/
1344:,
1252:.
1248:.
1213:.
1032:^
773:.
756:CO
718:.
673:.
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
637:,
625:,
606:.
598:,
594:,
586:,
582:,
578:,
570:,
566:,
550:,
538:,
534:,
530:,
526:,
522:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
506:,
502:,
419:,
412:.
366:;
211:,
198:66
183:50
3958:(
3740:,
3217:e
3210:t
3203:v
1701:e
1694:t
1687:v
1457:e
1450:t
1443:v
1189:.
1070:.
1049:.
824:"
758:2
631:2
144:)
138:(
67:)
63:(
53:.
20:)
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