580:
657:, who also maintained his headquarters in Rome. Wolff is never seen or mentioned in the film. In reality, he stood trial and was found guilty of killing Italian Jews as part of the operations in Italy: when he became sick, his sentence was reduced and he was released in 1971.
31:
537:
is depicted in the film as being a tired worn out man, who is disillusioned with the Nazi cause and believes that the fall of Nazi
Germany is imminent. In reality, Kappler was a zealous Nazi and was sent to Rome for exactly this reason. During his time as head of the
572:). One prisoner, a deserter from the Austrian army who had pretended to be an Italian, was allowed to live, as a citizen of the Reich; and he was the only witness to tell the tale of the courageous behaviour of the Resistance priest, Don
224:
knew of and did nothing about the execution of
Italian hostages by the Germans. The charges eventually were dropped on appeal. The names of the victims are shown in the closing credits, as opposed to the cast credits and crew members.
660:
At the time of the massacre, Herbert
Kappler was 37 years old. Actor Richard Burton was just short of his 48th birthday when the film was produced, eleven years older than Kappler would have been at the time.
642:
found and confronted him about the massacre, leading him to say he "followed orders". Argentinian authorities quickly arrested and extradited him to Italy; he was tried and convicted of mass murder.
514:
on which the film was based was involved in a criminal-libel suit in Italy over the contents of his book. The suit was launched by
Countess Elisa betta Pacelli Rossignani, the sister of
595:
victims of the partisan attack are referred to throughout the film as "German soldiers", when in fact the company which was attacked was the 11th
Company of the Third Battalion of the
544:(Security Police) in Rome, Kappler organized the round-ups of thousands of innocent victims, oversaw raids on Jewish homes for looted valuables, and was a key figure in transporting
249:
killing 33 Germans: using a ratio of ten
Italian victims for every German. However, they had rounded up five more than expected but continued on with their plan. Meanwhile, the
623:
is shown throughout the film giving direct orders to SS units and personally supervising the buildup to the massacre organized by
Kappler. In reality, while several regular
638:, who is mentioned in the film. He had full knowledge of the massacre, but would hide for many years evading justice. Then, on Nationwide TV in the 1990s, ABC News reporter
1055:
1025:
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526:. All were found guilty with Katz sentenced to 14 months and Ponti and Cosmatos sentence to six months but the charges were rendered moot by a general amnesty.
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officers did issue orders to the SS during this period, as well as
Kappler and Mälzer personally discussing the operation, Kappler and his men were under the
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was never
Kappler's direct superior, as is implied several times in the film. In reality, Kappler answered to the office of SS-
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during the round up of civilians by German and
Italian soldiers after the partisan bombing on 23 March 1944.
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518:. Author Katz, producer Ponti and director Cosmatos were charged with "defaming the memory of the Pope"
411:
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of several different Vatican officials who personally knew Kappler, the most significant of whom was
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and director Cosmatos a six-month suspended sentence for their film which claimed
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The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relations
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regarding the Pope's alleged knowledge and not objecting to the
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599:, which was composed of ethnic Austrians from German-speaking
200:, 24 March 1944, committed by the Germans as a reprisal for a
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611:, but rather regular German police uniforms of the
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40:
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763:"Carlo Ponti, Husband of Sophia Loren, Dead at 94"
779:Weisbord, Robert G. & Sillanpoa, Wallace P
502:, who also wrote the screenplay with Cosmatos.
738:The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film
877:
8:
607:. Historically, the unit also did not wear
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870:
862:
29:
20:
1056:World War II films based on actual events
196:which occurred at the Ardeatine caves in
783:Transaction Publishers 1st edition 2017
670:
16:1973 Italian film by George P. Cosmatos
1026:Italian Campaign of World War II films
253:stands by and issues no condemnation.
208:. The film was based on the 1967 book
794:Where there's holy smoke there's fire
708:
706:
7:
1051:Films directed by George P. Cosmatos
826:, April 2004, retrieved 1 July 2006.
14:
216:. An Italian court gave producer
735:Goble, Alan (8 September 2011).
1061:Films scored by Ennio Morricone
1091:English-language Italian films
494:The film is based on the book
1:
551:Father Pietro Antonelli is a
1106:English-language drama films
1096:1970s English-language films
1046:1970s Italian-language films
679:"NY Times: Massacre in Rome"
603:annexed by Italy after the
1122:
1086:Italian World War II films
957:Rambo: First Blood Part II
439:as Father Pietro Antonelli
900:
751:– via Google Books.
569:The Scarlet and the Black
28:
813:The End of the Pius Wars
802:, retrieved 1 July 2009.
681:. Movies & TV Dept.
597:SS Police Regiment Bozen
206:SS Police Regiment Bozen
126:4 October 1973
1041:Italian war drama films
510:The author of the book
927:The Cassandra Crossing
799:Times Higher Education
796:," 24 September 1999,
687:. 2011. Archived from
588:
333:Carlos De Carvalho as
273:SS-Obersturmbannführer
178:
1081:Films about massacres
1036:1970s war drama films
741:. Walter de Gruyter.
714:"RAPPRESAGLIA (1973)"
582:
548:to Nazi death camps.
412:Guido Buffarini Guidi
410:as Interior Minister
304:Dr. Borante Domizlaff
629:SS and Police Leader
562:(who appears in the
437:Marcello Mastroianni
378:Generalfeldmarschall
181:) is a 1973 Italian
82:Marcello Mastroianni
1101:1970s Italian films
767:www.cleveland19.com
724:on 5 December 2017.
583:A body lies in the
530:Historical accuracy
445:as Father Pancrazio
392:General der Flieger
339:Carl-Theodor Schütz
336:SS-Hauptsturmführer
313:SS-Hauptsturmführer
287:SS-Standartenführer
190:George Pan Cosmatos
1076:Films about Nazism
894:George P. Cosmatos
892:Films directed by
691:on 29 January 2011
684:The New York Times
589:
541:Sicherheitspolizei
524:Ardeatine Massacre
367:Luftwaffe officers
359:SS-Obersturmführer
327:SS-Sturmbannführer
301:SS-Sturmbannführer
194:Ardeatine massacre
59:George P. Cosmatos
45:George P. Cosmatos
1071:Films about Nazis
1031:Films set in Rome
1008:
1007:
997:Shadow Conspiracy
947:Of Unknown Origin
651:Obergruppenführer
574:Pietro Pappagallo
431:Vatican officials
419:as Police Chief "
382:Albert Kesselring
330:Hellmuth Dobbrick
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1066:1973 drama films
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720:. Archived from
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646:Colonel Dollmann
632:chain of command
483:Duilio Del Prete
450:Other characters
417:Renzo Montagnani
402:Italian fascists
356:Douglas Hare as
348:SS-Brigadeführer
170:Massacre in Rome
133:
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102:Françoise Bonnot
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24:Massacre in Rome
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605:First World War
560:Hugh O'Flaherty
535:Herbert Kappler
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508:
506:Trial for libel
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456:Giancarlo Prete
408:Guidarino Guidi
362:Reinhold Wetjen
352:Wilhelm Harster
277:Herbert Kappler
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243:Herbert Kappler
233:The film stars
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693:. Retrieved
689:the original
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474:Renzo Palmer
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282:John Steiner
271:
262:SS personnel
237:as the Rome
232:
209:
204:against the
188:directed by
179:Rappresaglia
169:
168:
167:
142:Running time
119:Release date
35:UK DVD Cover
18:
621:Kurt Mälzer
609:SS uniforms
601:South Tyrol
585:via Rasella
553:combination
500:Robert Katz
485:as Partisan
396:Kurt Mälzer
218:Carlo Ponti
214:Robert Katz
146:110 minutes
68:Carlo Ponti
64:Produced by
55:Robert Katz
41:Directed by
1021:1973 films
1015:Categories
665:References
655:Karl Wolff
564:television
490:Production
387:Leo McKern
192:about the
186:drama film
130:1973-10-04
51:Written by
987:Tombstone
977:Leviathan
625:Wehrmacht
557:Monsignor
247:partisans
98:Edited by
824:Magazine
695:28 March
520:Pius XII
421:Questore
159:Language
108:Music by
74:Starring
478:Giorgio
251:Vatican
239:Gestapo
175:Italian
162:English
151:Country
128: (
1000:(1997)
990:(1993)
980:(1989)
970:(1986)
960:(1985)
950:(1983)
940:(1979)
930:(1976)
920:(1973)
910:(1971)
745:
241:chief
57:(book)
967:Cobra
566:film
469:Elena
460:Paolo
154:Italy
846:IMDb
743:ISBN
697:2009
591:The
257:Cast
229:Plot
198:Rome
907:Sin
855:at
844:at
815:,"
718:BFI
498:by
476:as
467:as
458:as
389:as
375:as
345:as
324:as
310:as
298:as
284:as
270:as
212:by
183:war
1017::
819:,
765:.
716:.
705:^
617:.
593:SS
423:"
177::
885:e
878:t
871:v
811:"
792:"
769:.
699:.
173:(
132:)
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