847:
a degree of autonomy, negotiated and agreed on by the supervising physician(s) and the PA. PAs can work in any clinical setting to extend physician services. PAs complement existing services and aid in improving patient access to health care. A relationship with a supervising physician is essential to the role of the PA. " Physician assistants may be compared to the role of nurse practitioner by the general public and may be confused as the same profession. Nurse practitioners in Canada practice under an advanced nursing model. Physician assistants practice under a medical model, similarly modeled after medical school (physician) education. Nurse practitioners practice within their defined specific scope of practice autonomously and sometimes collaboratively. The defined scopes of a nurse practitioner include the areas of (family care, adults and paediatrics). Physician assistants are permitted to practice in all medical specialties by mirroring the practice of a physician with a full range of skills and scope by practicing both autonomously as a clinician and collaboratively with physicians when required. Some examples of practice areas for physician assistants include (emergency medicine, critical care medicine, cardiology, psychiatry, community and family medicine, neurology, surgery, orthopaedics, internal medicine, oncology, gastroenterology, military medicine, respirology, dermatology, women's health and many more specialities). Physician assistants may perform certain roles which have been traditionally only provided by physicians in clinical practice, making the PA's medical training over other providers unique in this regard.
923:
system in the provinces of
Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Alberta. Physician assistants have been regulated in Manitoba since 1999 and in New Brunswick since 2009 and are registrants of their respective provincial college of physicians and surgeons. Physician assistants in Ontario were introduced in 2007 to the public health system as a joint venture between the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Ontario Medical Association.In PEI, regulation has been mandatory since June 2023. In Alberta, PAs regulation is in effect since 2021. In Nova Scotia, regulation becomes compulsory since 2024. In Ontario, PAs will be regulated from 1 April, 2025. In Saskatchewan, regulation for PAs is now in effect. Physician assistants are represented by the Canadian Association of Physician Assistants, which originally was formed in October 1999. As of 2023, PAs scope of practice in Canada is described at their website:
2544:. PAs working in this capacity may be deployed anywhere in the world where there is a State Department facility. They provide primary care to US government employees and their families in American embassies and consulates around the world. An important part of their jobs is to get to know what resources are available locally that they can count on in an emergency. They have other important roles, such as advising their ambassadors on the health situation in the country and provide health education to the diplomatic community. In order to be considered for the position, these PAs must be licensed and have at least two years of recent experience in primary care.
831:
university physician assistant program or post-graduate professional university bachelor level physician assistant program. Physician assistant graduates become eligible for the certification exam by being a graduate of a
Canadian physician assistant program that is recognized by the Physician Assistant Certification Council of Canada (Canadian Armed Forces physician assistant program, University of Manitoba, McMaster University and the consortium of physician assistant education all of which are accredited by the Canadian Medical Association).
2365:
2548:
2373:
followed by clinical rotations in internal medicine, family medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, and geriatric medicine, as well as elective rotations. PAs are not required to complete residencies after they complete their schooling (unlike physicians). Postgraduate training programs are offered in certain specialties for PAs, though these are optional and shorter in length than medical residency.
729:(CMA) recognized physician assistants as a health professional in 2003. Physician assistants are able to perform medical functions such as ordering tests, diagnosing diseases, prescribing medications, treating patients, educating patients and performing various medical and surgical procedures. Physician assistants are labeled under the federal government national occupational classification code 3124: allied primary health practitioners.
142:
2397:(DMSc) but there is no requirement for one to have a doctorate in order to practice. "National Physician Assistant Week" is celebrated annually in the US from October 6 through October 12. This week was chosen to commemorate the anniversary of the first graduating physician assistant class at Duke University on October 6, 1967. October 6 is also the birthday of the profession's founder, Eugene A. Stead Jr., MD.
2277:(AAPA), the official title of the profession in the United States is "Physician Associate". While this is the official title used by the national organization, utilization of this title may vary on the state and local level based on state and local bylaws and policies. Many hospital and healthcare systems still use physician assistant as titles, with some just resorting to using "PA" to avoid confusion with
743:
43:
3502:
856:
84:
2289:. APA stands for aeromedical physician assistant and indicates that a physician assistant successfully completed the US Army Flight Surgeon Primary Course. During training, PA students are designated PA-S. The use of "PA-C" is limited to certified PAs who comply with the regulations of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants and who have passed
223:
5983:
995:
Netherlands' approaches, and has focused on former paramedics with bachelor's degrees. As of 2022, the 100 or so PAs in Israel work exclusively within
Emergency Departments. While PA scope of practice includes many emergency procedures, Israeli PAs are not currently allowed to prescribe or administer medicine in non-emergency settings.
914:
physician assistant profession is newer to civilian practice in Canada. The compensation report published in 2019 by the
Canadian Association of Physician Assistants outlines the typical salaries across Canada being an entry median salary of approximately $ 80,000 CAD and an experienced median salary of approximately $ 105,000 CAD.
713:. The Australian Society of Physician Assistants in 2011 published a code of practice. Despite all initial indicators showing that the new profession would be successfully integrated into the health care system, in 2013 it was reported that the progress had floundered resulting in the majority of PAs in Australia being unemployed.
291:. In the UK, PAs were introduced in 2003. They support the work of the healthcare team, but are dependent clinicians requiring supervision from a physician. They cannot prescribe medications nor request ionising radiation investigations (e.g., x-ray) in the UK. PAs are widely used in Canada. The model began during the
2472:
magazine, in conjunction with Salary.com, listed the PA profession as the "fifth best job in
America" in May 2006, based both on salary and job prospects, and on an anticipated 10-year job growth of 49.65%. In 2010, CNN Money rated the physician assistant career as the number two best job in America.
1032:
Physician
Associates are not regulated and are therefore not registered healthcare professionals. They are not able to prescribe or order tests which require ionising radiation. Legally, Physician Associates cannot work autonomously, as the provision of treatment is regulated by the Health and Social
927:
The PA's scope of practice is determined on an individual basis and formally outlined in a practice contract or agreement between the supervising physician(s), the PA and often the facility or service where the PA will work. Activities may include conducting patient interviews, histories and physical
830:
In Canada, the education of a physician assistant generally consists of three years of professional post-graduate university education. The education is delivered over a two calendar year time-frame by completing fall, winter and summer semesters for both years of the program in either a master level
2376:
PA clinical postgraduate programs are clinical training programs that differ from on the job training given their inclusion of education and supervised clinical experience to meet learning objectives. Montefiore
Medical Center Postgraduate Surgical Physician Assistant Program was established in 1971
922:
Physician assistants are currently practicing across Canada in the
Canadian Armed Forces as commissioned officers in domestic and international environments and have been in practice since the 1960s. Physician assistants outside of the Canadian Armed Forces practice usually in the public health care
846:
Physician assistants resemble and provide many of the functions of physicians. Physician
Assistants (PA) are academically prepared and highly skilled health care professionals who provide a broad range of medical services. PAs are physician extenders and not independent practitioners; they work with
2562:
They are employed by several organizations with the intelligence community, specifically the
Central Intelligence Agency. While much of the job description is classified, they work under the Directorate of Support and are deployed to "austere environments" where they provide medical care, including
2527:
According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2020 the median pay for physician assistants working full-time was $ 115,390 per year or $ 55.48 per hour, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $ 162,470. Physician assistants in emergency medicine, dermatology, and surgical subspecialties may earn
2372:
PA education is based on medical education; it typically requires 2 to 3 years of full-time graduate study like most master's degrees. (Medical school lasts four years plus a specialty-specific residency.) Training consists of classroom and laboratory instruction in medical and behavioral sciences,
2296:
Students undertaking physician assistant or associate training may refer to themselves as a physician assistant student, physician associate student, student physician assistant or student physician associate. PA students may add "S" at the end of their student designation (PA-S). Students may also
1104:
In the United Kingdom, PAs are dependent practitioners, and they must practice under the supervision of a physician. They perform some tasks relating to diagnosis, taking medical histories, ordering and interpreting laboratory tests. PAs cannot legally request ionising radiation investigations such
2476:
The US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics report on PAs states, "...Employment of physician assistants is projected to grow 37 percent from 2016 to 2026, much faster than the average for all occupations..." This is due to several factors, including an expanding health care industry, an
1159:
Points five and six are aligned to the existing guidance from the Faculty of Physician Associates. Who advise that Physician Associates should not use any title that may confuse patients, giving some specific examples: 'GP physician associate', 'GP PA', 'PA surgeon'. The Faculty is also clear that
1003:
In February 2015, Health Workforce New Zealand completed a Phase-2 trial of PAs who worked for a period of two years (2013β2015) in four clinical settings. Specifically, the sites included one rural emergency department and three primary care settings (two rural and one urban) located on the North
2654:
The marine physician assistant is a US Merchant Marine staff officer. A certificate of registry is granted through The United States Coast Guard National Maritime Center located in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Formal training programs for marine physician assistants began in September, 1966 at the
1095:
of London and the previous professional body, the United Kingdom Association of Physician Associates, the Faculty officially launched in July 2015, taking over all professional responsibilities. The Faculty oversees the managed voluntary register, which all practising associates are encouraged to
994:
Physician Assistants were introduced in Israel in May 2016 to help augment a shrinking physician workforce. The initial training programs have been overseen by the ministry of health directly, but transition to academic training is planned. Israeli PA education is modeled after United States' and
673:
The Liberian model of PAs was a curriculum intended for graduates to work in areas absent of physicians as physician substitutes. Advisors for this program included UNICEF, American physicians, and Agnes N. Dagbe, MS, RN, a Liberian nurse educated in the US. Additional training was done in the
913:
Physician assistant salaries in civilian practice in Canada are relatively new and can range from approximately $ 80,000 CAD for entry level positions to $ 142,000 CAD a year for experienced providers which are not on call and up to $ 178,000 CAD for experienced providers which are on call. The
695:
The profession expanded globally. It can now be found in Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, Germany, Ghana, India, Israel, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. As a profession, physician assistants have greatly influenced the theory and conceptualization of
272:. While these job titles are used internationally, there is significant variation in training and scope of practice from country to country, and sometimes between smaller jurisdictions such as states or provinces. Depending on location, PAs practice semi-autonomously under the supervision of a
2300:
The American Academy of Physician Associates has spent over $ 22 million since 2018 campaigning to change the word "assistant" to "associate" in the title of physician assistant. The campaign has been heavily criticized by physicians, but advocates argue that the revised title more accurately
2121:
The title physician associate is not a protected one before December 2024. PAs in the U.K. are not able to legally prescribe or legally request ionising radiation imaging. No regulatory body governs PAs. Since June 2010, physician associates have been able to obtain membership of the Managed
2442:. This law allows Physician Assistants to become primary care providers and receive direct pay from insurers. The reference of "supervision" was changed to "delegating" in regards to physician responsibility. This law also allows PAs to legally volunteer in the case of disaster or emergency.
1078:
receiving a cystoscopy despite symptoms of a urinary infection. He received no antibiotics for the infection or as prophylaxis after the procedure. He died less than 48 hours later. The Physician Associate involved then took part into the investigation of their own practice in the case.
2377:
as the first recognized clinical postgraduate PA program. 49 programs address specialties such as Neurology, Trauma/Critical Care and Oncology. 50 programs joined the Association of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs to establish educational standards for postgraduate PA programs.
1461:
Undertake any anaesthetic work with less than a 1:1 supervision ratio, except where the supervising consultant is supervising a senior (post-FRCA) anaesthetic trainee or SAS doctor in an immediately adjacent operating theatre and 1:1 recommended for all but the most experienced (10 years
1055:
after seeing a physician associate twice in the weeks proceeding her death, who had misdiagnosed her and asked for her to be given anxiety medication. Emily was under the impression she was seeing her GP, and not a physician associate. After her death, Emily's mother and her local MP,
2122:
Voluntary Register for physician associates. This database, run by PAs for PAs, aims to identify all qualified PAs who are able to practise. Its intent is to maintain high standards. To remain on the voluntary register, physician associates are required to re-certify every 5β6 years.
2473:
In 2012, Forbes rated the physician assistant degree as the number one master's degree for jobs. In 2015, Glassdoor rated physician assistant as the number one best job in America. In 2021, U.S. News & World Report rated physician assistant as the number one best job in America.
307:. The role has been adopted in the US, Canada, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, India, Israel, Bulgaria, Myanmar, Switzerland, Liberia, Ghana, and by analogous names throughout Africa, each with their own nomenclature and education structure.
1240:
Undertake outpatient work in clinics unless this is within a predictable, protocol-led role within the department (e.g., surgical pre-op assessment) where no diagnosis or medical decision making is expected and there is a clear pathway for escalation of unwell or unstable
2316:
Archives had established the Physician Assistant History Center, dedicated to the study, preservation, and presentation of the history of the profession. The PA History Center became its own institution in 2011, was renamed the PA History Society, and relocated to
2405:
Physician assistants have their own licenses with distinct scope of practice. Each of the 50 states has different laws regarding the prescription of medications by PAs and the licensing authority granted to each category within that particular state through the
957:
The first PA program in India was established in 1992 with a focus on expanding cardiovascular surgery. Since then, eight additional programs have developed (in total seven baccalaureate and four master's level programs). The profession is regulated by the
2663:
On 28 August 2024, the National Assembly passed a bill that would authorize some nurses to aid physicians: "The bill, which authorizes physician assistant nurses to support physicians during surgery and handle some duties presently reserved for doctors."
5572:
2137:
Training is through a two-year training programme (MSc) in Physician Associate Studies, although some PAs in the United Kingdom only hold a PgDip in Physician Associate Studies. As of 2017 at least 32 universities offered these programs:
2259:
requires a 2:1 (or above) undergraduate degree in a Life Science, Biomedical Science, or Healthcare subject. Under exceptional circumstances, experience in healthcare practice may contribute/compensate absent the above requirements.
1012:
The position of physician assistant was established in the United Kingdom in 2005. It evolved from that of physician assistant, developed in the US in the 1960s. In 2012, a group of physician assistants voted to change the name to
2297:
use the corresponding year of their training in their student designation. For example, students in the second year of their physician assistant or physician associate training may use (PA-S2) as their student designation.
1312:
Notify public health in cases of notifiable infectious diseases nor make any public health decisions regarding infectious disease unless specifically instructed to by a doctor or public health specialist working in health
1954:
Removing or flushing neurosurgical drains including but not limited to external ventricular drains and post-operative drains following the evacuation of a subdural haematoma' from/in any space within the central nervous
3918:
2449:
signed into Minnesota law the Omnibus Healthcare Bill S.F. 13. This law removes references to physician responsibility of supervision and delegation of care provided by PAs. The law also removes delegated prescriptive
2284:
A physician assistant may use the initials "PA", "PA-C", "APA-C", "RPA" or "RPA-C", where the "-C" indicates "Certified" and the "R" indicates "Registered". The "R" designation is unique to a few states, mainly in the
2388:
hours and reregister his or her certificate with the NCCPA every two years. Every ten years (formerly six years), a PA must also recertify by successfully completing the Physician Assistant National Recertifying Exam
1999:
Be involved in surgical management of miscarriage, surgical termination of pregnancy, medical management of miscarriage, medical termination of pregnancy unless taking an assistant role under the direction of a
1343:
Attend, prepare, or give any teaching or seminars to doctors as part of their specialty or foundation teaching. PAs or AAs are not eligible to attend doctor teaching of any specialty unless offered to the wider
4175:
283:. Since then, the use of PAs has spread to at least 16 countries around the world. In the US, PAs may diagnose illnesses, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and serve as a principal
5580:
2422:
physician. The collaborating physician must also be licensed in the state in which the PA is working, although he or she may physically be located elsewhere. Physician collaboration can be in person, by
3269:
1145:
When seeing differentiated patients (those already triaged by a doctor as appropriate, or already assessed, diagnosed, and on a treatment plan by a doctor), MAPs must be directly and closely supervised.
2418:
or the quantity that can be prescribed, dispensed, or administered by a PA. Depending upon the specific laws of any given state board of medicine, the PA must have a formal relationship on file with a
3524:
1160:"PAs must not use the prefix 'Dr' or title 'doctor' in any clinical environment or interaction with patients." the faculty highlight that a PA could use the title Dr if they hold a recognised
1004:
and South Islands of New Zealand. At conclusion of the trial, several clinics continued to employ PAs while the process of health regulation makes its way through the government bureaucracy.
2643:. The skills required for these PAs are similar to that of their civilian colleagues, but additional training is provided in advanced casualty care, medical management of chemical injuries,
959:
2651:. In addition, military PAs are also required to meet the officer commissioning requirements, and maintain the professional and physical readiness standards of their respective services.
1374:
Operate in any supervisory or leadership role in which oversight is given over medical staff (e.g., clinical or medical director, clinical or educational supervisor, responsible officer)
3693:
1642:
See any patient that has not a) been clearly informed at the point of booking that the appointment is with a PA rather than a GP b) subsequently consented to the appointment with a PA
1256:
Be consulted for, or provide, specialty specific advice unless documenting on behalf of a consultant/senior registrar in that specialty (it must be clearly stated/ documented as such)
1033:
Care Act, which explicitly legislates the protected professional titles of the registered healthcare professionals that can undertake the regulated activities of providing treatment.
678:
4693:
3572:
1048:
reporter worked undercover at an Operose practice for six weeks, reporting on many problems. A senior GP said that the company was prioritising profit, putting patients at risk.
721:
As of 2024, there are approximately 1000 physician assistants working in healthcare settings in Canada. The first formally trained physician assistants graduated in 1984 from the
2384:) before becoming a PA-C; this certification is required for licensure in all states. The content of the exam is covered in the PANCE BLUEPRINT. In addition, a PA must log 100
1112:
There is no nationally agreed upon scope of practice for Physician Associates in the United Kingdom as of 2024, despite them working in the United Kingdom for over a decade.
3739:
3571:
Kaasalainen, Sharon; Martin-Misener, Ruth; Kilpatrick, Kelley; Harbman, Patricia; Bryant-Lukosius, Denise; Donald, Faith; DiCenso, Nancy Carter and Alba (December 1, 2010).
4451:
2006:
Caesarean section, Instrumental delivery, Perineal repair, Cervical cerclage, Hysteroscopy, Hysterectomy, Laparoscopy, Salpingo-oophorectomy, Prolapse repair, Colposcopy
1303:
Be involved in end-of-life discussions, except as a source of information or in a supportive role. The decision-making and related paperwork must be completed by doctors
709:
In 2011, Health Workforce Australia began developing the role of physician assistant throughout the country culminating with registration and a PA Program based out of
152:
3480:
4383:
4202:
2109:
be appropriately recognised and resourced; with General Practitioners able to choose whether or not they are willing to undertake supervision of Physician Associates.
279:
The educational model was initially based upon the accelerated training of physicians in the United States during the shortage of qualified medical providers during
5684:
4969:
Polansky, Maura (2007). "A Historical Perspective on Postgraduate Physician Assistant Education and the Association of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs".
5508:
which also was the first employer of PAs. Mr. Vic Germino one of the first three graduates was employed by the VA and he remained with the VA for over 25 years.l
4176:"BMA sets out first national guidance for the role and responsibilities of physician associates in major intervention for patient safety - BMA media centre - BMA"
3903:
1127:
This is an assistant role to doctors helping with simple practical procedures, administrative tasks, and working with patients in a supportive and specified role.
5848:
Dankers-de Mari, Ellen J. C. M.; van Vught, Anneke J. A. H.; Visee, Hetty C.; Laurant, Miranda G. H.; Batenburg, Ronald; Jeurissen, Patrick P. T. (2023-06-06).
3262:
5850:"The influence of government policies on the nurse practitioner and physician assistant workforce in the Netherlands, 2000β2022: a multimethod approach study"
5538:
Table 3.13: Number and Percent Distribution of Clinically Practicing Respondents by Metropolitan Status and Degree of Rurality of County of Primary Work Site
4594:
2501:
2460:
2290:
5627:
1852:
Attend any outpatient clinics or participate in any outpatient work in clinics, unless assisting under the direct supervision of doctors e.g., taking bloods
2916:
5531:
5512:
5473:
2983:
1044:(NHS) GP practices, was using many PAsβat less than half the cost of a GPβand allowing them essentially to act as GPs, without required supervision. A
1022:
5213:
Wiler, JL; Ginde, AA (February 2015). "State laws governing physician assistant practice in the United States and the impact on emergency medicine".
2098:
At a time of significant workforce challenges in general practice, funding allocations, resources and learning opportunities within general practice
1151:
MAPs must make it clear in all communication to patients and to other staff members that they are not doctors and be clear about their specific role.
2745:
2716:
2305:
2274:
1119:
published their recommendations for doctors supervising PAs in an effort to formulate a scope of practice aligned to the education received by PAs.
587:
Can serve as a clinical tutor, assistant professor, associate professor, or professor (depending on academic qualifications along with experience).
3874:. Field, Adrian, 1966-, Dale-Gandar, Linden,, Boswell, Angela,, Wright, Matthew (Doctor),, Mahoney, Faith,, Hanham, Grant (Consultant). Auckland.
3263:"2017 Statistical Profile of Certified Physician Assistants: An Annual Report of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants"
2570:
2505:
2003:
Act as first assistant in the operating theatre Perform, train in, assist with, or consent for invasive or life-threatening procedures including:
1674:
Clerk, triage or accept referrals for acute medical take, unless relating to protocolised assessment on a defined pathway under direct supervision
608:. PAs are commonly found working in teaching and research as well as hospital administration and other clinical environments. PAs may practice in
3964:
3293:
Kerlon, Ando; Forde, Allan; Preston, Robyn (March 2016). "Social Accountability of the Physician Assistant: A Fit-for-Purpose Health Workforce".
2519:
insurance policies with $ 100,000β300,000 in coverage can cost less than $ 600 per year; premiums are higher for PAs in higher-risk specialties.
1306:
Be involved in giving specialty advice (unless repeating a consultant/senior registrar's advice and making it clear who the advice has come from)
620:
Physician assistant (or associate) education is shorter than a medical degree required to become a physician. It also typically does not involve
4151:
4025:
2042:
5160:
3636:
2380:
In the United States, a graduate from an accredited PA program must pass the NCCPA-administered Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (
2329:
As of May 2019, 243 accredited PA programs operated in the United States, with dozens more in development. Most educational programs are
1148:
PAs/AAs/SCPs must not make independent management decisions for patients nor be responsible for initial assessments of patients and diagnosis.
1140:
In a GP setting, a GP should first triage all the patients and decide which ones a PA can see for some protocolised reviews in stable patients
1288:
Clinical documentation must not include prefixes such as 'Dr' or 'Mr/Miss/ Ms' that could imply status as a medical practitioner (or surgeon)
1371:
Publish or be involved in publishing research about the effectiveness of the PA/AA/SCP role without declaring this as a conflict of interest
928:
examinations; performing selected diagnostic and therapeutic interventions or procedures; and counseling patients on preventive health care.
3185:
975:
760:
56:
2233:
1849:
Be involved in any palliative care decisions or end of life conversations with parents, unless there in a supportive role only to parents
1250:
Have input into DNACPR decisions/ ceiling of care/or escalation decisions (other than as a supportive role) nor sign DNACPR/RESPECT forms
1067:
to rename PAs clearly as Physician Assistants in the U.K. to avoid role confusion with Physicians and for them to be registered with the
5379:
4887:
4007:
2640:
2178:
1899:
Be involved in decision making or delivery of experimental (psychedelics, rTMS, etc.) or invasive treatments (ECT, or similar therapies)
1068:
808:
4398:"Physician Associate Studies Diploma - Postgraduate degree programme study - Institute of Clinical Sciences - University of Birmingham"
4526:
1380:
Be involved in disciplinary or fitness to practice investigations at departmental, Trust, Board or MPTS level other than as a witness
5134:
3879:
3091:
2308:. All PAs must graduate from a nationally accredited ARC-PA program as well as passing the national certification exam. In 1970 the
2071:
replace General Practitioners nor mitigate the need to urgently address the shortage of General Practitioners in the United Kingdom.
1244:
Assess, diagnose, or manage undifferentiated patients (this includes areas such as ED, the acute medical take, and general practice)
895:
782:
204:
186:
123:
70:
1051:
In July 2023, the death of Emily Chesterton raised questions about the naming of physician associates in the UK. Emily died from a
4640:
4105:
3841:
6003:
5762:
5300:
2208:
4828:
3158:
1443:
Anaesthetise patients for any high-risk elective surgery, including any cardiac, thoracic, neuro-surgical, and obstetric surgery
1096:
join, and sets and runs the National Assessment Examination and National Recertification Examination which is optional for PAs.
5040:""Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE)" - National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)"
3336:
2885:
2488:
In the 2008 AAPA census, 56 percent of responding PAs worked in physicians' offices or clinics and 24 percent were employed by
2407:
2153:
1088:
722:
3810:
1440:
Anaesthetise any patients with a known or predicted difficult airway (such as previous grade 3 or grade 4 Cormack-Lehane view)
2431:
the laws governing PA practice differ by state, generally allowing a broad scope of practice and limited direct supervision.
2350:
2313:
1668:
Provide specialty advice other than when documenting or communicating advice from a consultant or registrar in that specialty
764:
677:
Beginning in January 1971, the US Army produced eight classes of physician assistants, at 30 students per class, through the
654:. He based the curriculum of the PA program on his first-hand knowledge of the fast-track training of medical doctors during
1884:
Undertake Mental Health Act assessments, diagnose or manage any mental health condition for which inpatient care is required
1760:
Perform any intraocular or extraocular surgery under any circumstances (not including non-emergency intravitreal injections)
1265:
Undertake Mental Health Act assessments, diagnose or manage any mental health condition for which inpatient care is required
4996:
Polansky, Maura; Garver GJ; Wilson LN; Pugh M; Hilton G (2012). "Postgraduate clinical education of physician assistants".
4379:
2466:
According to the AAPA, as of 2020 there are more than 148,560 certified PAs in the United States, up from 115,547 in 2016.
2045:
issued a statement about the activities suitable for a Physician Associate when working in Primary Care. They stated that:
1161:
5973:
5404:
5328:
4540:
1193:
Giving a GA except in the case of an AA giving it under the direct and immediate supervision of an anaesthetic consultant
877:
866:
105:
94:
5901:
Radi, Joshua K.; Dent, Robert A.; Allen, Cesar A.; Anderson, Jeffrey A.; Atkins, J. Brandon; Schneider, Matthew (2023).
5692:
4422:
4397:
3711:
2930:
2434:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several state governments changed regulations regarding PA scope of practice, including:
2385:
2309:
1387:
in a civil or criminal trial (though it is permissible to act as a material witness like any other member of the public)
726:
663:
636:
5903:"Combating Fentanyl: National Guard Physician Assistants on the Front Lines of America's War Against Synthetic Opioids"
5635:
5095:
2027:
Hold referral bleeps, be involved in vetting referrals, or be acting in a way where they need to give specialist advice
1993:
Assess women for labour, PPROM, SROM, APH, HTN/PET, or reduced foetal movements, or any acute presentation in pregnancy
1967:
Hold referral bleeps, be involved in vetting referrals, or be acting in a way where they need to give specialist advice
1905:
Hold referral bleeps, be involved in vetting referrals, or be acting in a way where they need to give specialist advice
1787:
Hold referral bleeps, be involved in vetting referrals, or be acting in a way where they need to give specialist advice
1734:
Hold referral bleeps, be involved in vetting referrals, or be acting in a way where they need to give specialist advice
1190:
Any procedure under a general anaesthetic (GA), under sedation, or regional anaesthesia (including spinal, nerve, Bier)
4548:
4051:
2686:
2504:
Fifteen percent of responding PAs work in counties classified as non-metropolitan by Economic Research Service of the
2346:
2243:
2228:
2148:
1168:
1116:
1092:
1064:
4296:
168:
5274:
4864:
3872:
Phase II of the physician assistant demonstrations, evaluation report : report for Health Workforce New Zealand
3060:
5248:
2286:
824:
692:
In 2017, approximately 68% of physician assistants in the United States were women and approximately 32% were men.
682:
4447:
2620:
are responsible for the total health care of soldiers assigned to their unit, as well as of their family members.
753:
4270:
2636:
2581:
2415:
2394:
2198:
2183:
434:
412:
303:
The occupational title of physician assistant and physician associate originated in the United States in 1967 at
295:
and transitioned to the present concept in 2002. Skills and scope of privileges are similar to those in the US.
5447:
5039:
4244:
2738:
1819:
Perform any UAC/UVC or long line insertion in an infant or any other central venous or arterial lines in any age
3462:
2559:, where they provide care to the president and vice president and their families as well as White House staff.
2556:
2338:
2188:
2173:
2168:
971:
873:
659:
486:
468:
164:
101:
62:
5966:
4934:
4664:
2563:
trauma stabilization, and teach in the fields of survival, field medicine, and tactical combat casualty care.
5528:
5509:
5484:
4220:
1887:
Accept devolved responsibility for the physical health of patients under the inpatient care of a psychiatrist
1645:
Use the titles 'generalist practitioner' or 'registrar' or other titles that imply equivalence to a doctor *
1413:
Assist in anaesthetising any patients in remote environments (i.e., outside of main operating theatre suites)
1268:
Accept devolved responsibility for the physical health of patients under the inpatient care of a psychiatrist
1091:
is the professional body for Physician Associates working in the United Kingdom. A joint venture between the
2624:
2248:
2203:
2015:
Insertion or counselling in long-acting contraceptive methods, including IUS, IUD, implants, and injectables
1813:
Take any PICU step-down or transport handovers as the sole receiver of the handover without a doctor present
1060:, called for more regulation around physician associates and for the role to be renamed to avoid confusion.
1041:
1025:
was asked to manage the recruitment of 200 physician associates who are expected to come from the US for 40
269:
4131:
3664:
1987:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1925:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1881:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1804:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1754:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1662:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1594:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1491:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1401:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1368:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1327:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1285:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1237:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
1184:
Physician associates (PAs), anaesthesia associates (AAs), and surgical care practitioners (SCPs) MUST NOT:
5836:
5548:
5353:
5185:
4522:
4330:
4090:
3232:
2573:
2509:
2330:
2256:
2163:
2158:
812:
796:
342:
National Commission on Certification of Physician Associates with accompanying state-level certification.
2129:
announced a plan regulate PAs. The General Medical Council is going to regulate PAs from December 2024.
1199:
Surgical procedures under GA, spinal anaesthesia, or local anaesthesia (LA), including caesarean section.
5422:
4322:
2223:
1861:
Hold the referral bleep in any capacity nor be responsible for giving any specialty advice at any level.
820:
804:
710:
241:
5519:
Table 3.4: Number and Percent Distribution of Clinically Practicing Respondents by Primary Work Setting
4203:"Physician associate title and introduction guidance for PAs, supervisors, employers and organisations"
3775:
Kuilman, Luppo; Sundar, Gomathi; Cherian, KM (January 2012). "Physician assistant education in India".
3608:
2364:
1434:
Conduct emergence of a patient from anaesthesia without direct supervision by a consultant anaesthetist
1154:
Statements such as 'I am one of the medical team' must not be used unless also stating their own title.
2955:
2361:
medical boards. PA students train at medical schools and academic medical centers across the country.
2009:
Vaginal examination including speculum and bimanual examination (in inpatient and outpatient settings)
1416:
Assist in anaesthetising any patients outside of normal working day hours (0800β1800) Monday to Friday
5602:
3362:
2482:
2428:
2411:
2342:
2318:
2238:
2213:
2143:
2054:
1292:
1134:
983:
816:
803:. In 2010, a third civilian program was launched by the consortium of physician assistant education (
17:
5164:
237:
4641:"Physician Assistant - Explore Health Care Careers - Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science"
4497:
3846:
3815:
2547:
2481:
population, concerns for cost containment, and newly implemented restrictions to shorten physician
2218:
2193:
1961:
Review or clerk new acute patients in the ED, Surgical triage units, surgical admissions units etc.
1471:
Hold a specialty bleep, take specialist referrals of any kind, nor be involved in vetting referrals
1348:
1271:
Use any 'workarounds' to get access to credentials for prescribing or requesting ionising radiation
1037:
979:
800:
284:
31:
4086:
647:
Medical Center assembled the first class of physician assistants in 1965, composed of four former
5801:
5021:
3897:
3318:
3213:
3013:
2628:
2566:
1825:
Attend deliveries as the SHO or registrar or as anything other than an observer or assistant role
1291:
Direct/instruct a doctor or other professional to prescribe a medication or to alter an existing
1075:
1052:
648:
621:
3609:"Canadian Association of Physician Assistants Scope of Practice and National Competency Profile"
2334:
2312:
passed a resolution to develop educational guidelines and certification procedures for PAs. The
1259:
Triage or vet referrals received to the specialty/department/practice in which they are employed
359:
Physician Assistant Certification Council of Canada with accompanying provincial certification
4904:
2102:
be prioritised for the training and retention of medical doctors (i.e., General Practitioners).
1560:
Be on the radiologist rota at any level or be used interchangeably with radiologists in any way
5918:
5910:
5889:
5871:
5819:
5230:
5013:
4909:
4569:
4180:
The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK
4059:
4030:
The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK
3885:
3875:
3792:
3590:
3310:
3205:
3118:
3005:
2910:
2648:
2644:
2632:
2424:
686:
651:
3757:
3547:"Canadian Association of Physician Assistants Association canadienne des adjoints au mΓ©decin"
1465:
Undertake any anaesthetic work with less than a 1:2 supervision ratio under any circumstances
943:). Recruitment had initially been slow, but as of 2019 there were said to be several hundred
5879:
5861:
5809:
5793:
5222:
5005:
4978:
4899:
4757:
3784:
3580:
3302:
3244:
3197:
3108:
3100:
2997:
2537:
2255:
Entry requirement vary, especially in terms of required first degree subject. For example,
2105:
The significant responsibility and skills required for supervision of a Physician Associate
2089:
2033:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1973:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1911:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1867:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1790:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1740:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1639:
Do referrals to secondary care (scheduled) or advice & guidance, unless reviewed by a GP
1580:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1477:
Use the titles 'consultant', 'registrar', 'specialist', 'resident' or 'senior house officer'
1186:
Perform, train in, or consent others for invasive or life-threatening procedures including:
667:
481:
401:
232:
937:
Physician Assistants / Associates were established in Germany as a degree course in 2005. (
276:, or autonomously perform a subset of medical services classically provided by physicians.
5987:
5535:
5516:
3982:
2605:
1702:
Undertake pleural procedures including pleurodesis, drain insertion, or pleural aspiration
644:
640:
304:
5138:
4008:"House of Commons 6th July 2023 Debate: Physician Associates, Question by Barbara Keeley"
1807:
Hold a referral bleep for any specialty or be part of any referral triage or vetting role
674:
USSR. The Liberian government inaugurated the program in 1965 with Dagbe as PA program.
5884:
5849:
5573:""Malpractice Consult: Liability insurance for a physician assistant" - Modern Medicine"
4720:
2085:
be an improvement to public awareness and understanding of the Physician Associate role.
1990:
Undertake outpatient work in clinics unless in an assistant role (e.g., ANC, PMB clinic)
1715:
Should not perform any of the following auxiliary roles within an intervention theatre:
1164:
qualification when in an academic context/environment, but not in the clinical setting.
5814:
5781:
4052:"Family of film make-up artist call for inquest after treatment by physician associate"
3573:"A Historical Overview of the Development of Advanced Practice Nursing Roles in Canada"
3201:
3113:
3086:
3001:
2613:
1384:
1297:
Direct/instruct a doctor or other professional to request an investigation or procedure
1057:
945:
795:
The first civilian physician assistant education programs were launched in 2008 at the
627:
Renewal of certification is usually required every few years, varying by jurisdiction.
5766:
5120:
4323:"Physician Associate Studies - The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition"
2793:"Becoming a PA | Faculty of Physician Associates - quality health care across the NHS"
2112:
Physician Associates should not be employed unless sufficient supervision is provided.
5997:
5009:
4982:
4839:
4761:
3788:
3248:
3217:
3162:
3017:
2493:
2419:
1928:
Perform, train in, or consent for invasive or life-threatening procedures including:
1533:
Perform, train in, or consent for invasive of life-threatening procedures including:
5025:
3525:"USask's College of Medicine launches Master of Physician Assistant Studies program"
3186:"The PA profession in Liberia: A case study in pioneering innovation and resiliency"
3038:
2892:
5226:
5193:
US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Diversion Control Division
5069:
4694:"Physician assistants want to be called physician associates, but doctors cry foul"
3322:
2770:"Operose Health: UK's biggest GP chain replacing doctors with less qualified staff"
2617:
2459:
The first employer of PAs was the then-Veterans Administration, known today as the
2126:
1247:
Make independent decisions regarding initial management or ongoing care of patients
939:
655:
609:
605:
500:
280:
4829:""Issue Brief - Physician Assistant Education: Preparation for Excellence" - AAPA"
4616:
2854:
2024:
Be on the doctor rota at any level or used interchangeably with doctors in any way
1964:
Be on the doctor rota at any level or used interchangeably with doctors in any way
1902:
Be on the doctor rota at any level or used interchangeably with doctors in any way
1858:
Be on the doctor rota at any level or used interchangeably with doctors in any way
1784:
Be on the doctor rota at any level or used interchangeably with doctors in any way
1731:
Be on the doctor rota at any level or used interchangeably with doctors in any way
1377:
Be involved in revalidation of medical staff except as a colleague giving feedback
5952:
Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA)
3481:"New Training Program at Dalhousie will help address Health Workforce Challenges"
3306:
2934:
1404:
Formulate anaesthetic management plans or lead the brief for the anaesthetic team
1171:
highlighted a number of activities that they felt PAs should not be undertaking.
1036:
In 2022 it was reported that private company Operose Health, owned by US company
2516:
2497:
2478:
2439:
2393:) There is a growing number of doctoral programs for certified PAs leading to a
1831:
Intubate infants with endotracheal tubes, nasal endotracheal tubes, or apply NPA
742:
5866:
5738:
4742:
4596:
AAPA House of Delegates Votes to Change Profession Title to Physician Associate
3694:"Canadian Armed Forces creates new officer occupation for Physician Assistants"
3665:"The Canadian Association of Physician Assistants - Compensation Report - 2019"
3503:"Alberta's first training program for physician assistants launches in Calgary"
666:
launched their own programs in the mid-late 1960s. J. Willis Hurst started the
5408:
4299:. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from
4273:. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from
4247:. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from
3411:
2358:
2353:
scores for entry. The majority of PA programs in the United States employ the
1423:
1300:
Direct/instruct a doctor to perform any task based on the PA's sole assessment
612:
or medical specialties, including emergency medicine, surgery and cardiology.
292:
5914:
5875:
4063:
3945:
3889:
3585:
2769:
2018:
Administration or counselling in methods of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
5962:
The Faculty of Physician Associates at the Royal College of Physicians (FPA)
5902:
5099:
4776:"Who we are:The Society for the Preservation Of Physician Assistant History"
3104:
2609:
2577:
2427:
or by other reliable means (for example, availability for consultation). In
2278:
1934:
Surgical procedures under GA, spinal anaesthesia, or LA (local anaesthesia)
1383:
Prepare reports for coronial inquests / procuratorial inquests or act as an
1334:
1026:
288:
273:
5922:
5893:
5234:
5137:. American Academy of Physician Assistants. 7 November 2013. Archived from
5017:
4913:
4803:
4300:
3796:
3594:
3314:
3209:
3009:
2357:
application for selecting students. Professional licensure is regulated by
1896:
Make decisions that deprives a person of their liberties (MHA/MCA/DOLS/LPS)
1205:
Angiography, echocardiography, pacemaker insertion or valvular intervention
1130:
This does not extend to seeing undifferentiated patients in any situation.
5823:
4026:"Call for alternative regulator of β and to rename β physician associates"
3122:
2463:. Today it is the largest single employer of PAs, employing nearly 2,000.
1890:
Be a substitute for doctors when a patient presents with physical symptoms
3440:
2836:
2792:
2593:
2489:
2446:
1458:
Percutaneous drainage or needle aspiration of contents of any body cavity
597:
505:
5685:"Physician Assistant / Nurse Practitioner β Central Intelligence Agency"
2410:(DEA). PAs in Kentucky and Puerto Rico are not allowed to prescribe any
1330:
Cover, share, or participate in a rota designed for doctors at any level
5805:
3983:"Misdiagnosis: Bereaved mum calls for physician associate role clarity"
2601:
2064:
members of the team; rather than substitutes for General Practitioners.
1766:
Triage, review or examine any undifferentiated patients in eye casualty
1612:
Undertake direct supervision of GP registrars, FY2s or medical students
1106:
767: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
443:
Malaysia Medical Assistant Board (Lembaga Pembantu Perubatan Malaysia)
5047:
4274:
4248:
4152:"'First of its kind' guidance sees BMA set out PA 'scope of practice'"
2712:
2616:
units. They serve as the "front line" of Army medicine and along with
1647:
Unless the patient is also reviewed by a GP, immediately and in person
1621:
Undertake EoLC discussions and documentation (DNACPR or RESPECT forms)
5451:
4354:
2589:
2585:
1775:
Cover any trainee/registrar shifts during absence/sickness of doctors
1769:
Review or examine any undifferentiated patients in outpatient clinics
624:, although this is increasingly offered in a variety of specialties.
601:
596:
Physician assistants or associates train to work in settings such as
5947:
National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)
5797:
3384:"Physician Assistants in Australia: the solution to workforce woes?"
3383:
2819:
2012:
Ultrasonography of the pelvis, either transabdominal or transvaginal
1550:
Lead or coordinate MDT meetings Interpret imaging for MDT meetings.
1109:
or radiographs, they also cannot legally prescribe any medications.
287:. In many states PAs are required to have a direct agreement with a
4942:
3965:"Britain's biggest chain of GP surgeries accused of 'profiteering'"
3919:"London trust to recruit 200 physician associates for 40 providers"
2438:
On May 21, 2020, the law S.B. 1915 was signed by Oklahoma Governor
2088:
Training, induction and supervision of Physician Associates within
1468:
Cover any vacancy on an anaesthetic or intensive care doctors' rota
460:
NCAHP, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
3546:
3136:
2988:
2597:
2546:
2390:
2381:
2363:
2354:
1772:
Independently request investigations or ionising radiation imaging
1133:
In a hospital setting, this means that they should not work in an
982:
since 2016, with 28 graduating by January 2021. PAs may not write
5628:"2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report - Specialty Reports"
4775:
4665:""Aeromedical Physician Assistant" Army Regulation 40β501, 6-2.h"
4133:
Safe scope of practice for Medical Associate Professionals (MAPs)
1843:
Make any changes to any medications or direct any doctor to do so
1437:
Undertake Rapid Sequence Induction, or advanced airway procedures
1083:
Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians (UK)
4089:. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians.
3231:
Colver, Judith E.; Blessing, J. Dennis; Hinojosa, Jason (2007).
2532:
Federal government, uniformed services, and US armed forces (US)
1063:
In July 2023 a motion was brought forward for discussion by the
962:, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
5713:
3946:"Operose Health: What I saw working undercover at a GP surgery"
3842:"Introducing physician associates to Ireland: The story so far"
3233:"Military Physician Assistants: Their Background And Education"
1557:
Take specialist referrals of any kind or give specialist advice
1309:
Take consent for procedures that they themselves do not perform
4698:
3811:"Physician associate role has 'a lot to offer' β HSE HR chief"
2655:
Public Service Health Hospital located in Staten Island, N.Y.
1045:
849:
736:
216:
135:
77:
36:
5941:
2956:"ISCO - International Standard Classification of Occupations"
2687:"Where PAs and Physician Associates Can Work Internationally"
1846:
Undertake any part of safeguarding reviews or NAI assessments
1840:
Undertake an LP for ICP or sepsis, or any neonatal indication
1513:
Approve, vet, or protocol imaging in any modality including:
151:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
5961:
5837:
Nursing Act Passes, Formalizing Role of Physician Assistants
5074:
National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants
4472:
5956:
5301:"Statistical Profile of Certified PAs - Annual Report 2020"
2304:
In the United States, the profession is represented by the
4523:"Postgraduate courses - Physician Associate Studies PGDip"
3161:. American Academy of Physician Assistants. Archived from
2768:
Sheikh, Rahil; Mole, Charlie; Holder, Sam (13 June 2022).
2508:; approximately 17% of the US population resides in these
1137:
setting unless a supervisor reviews each patient in person
5951:
5657:
1627:
Undertake home visits involving undifferentiated patients
1351:
step-down or transport handovers without a doctor present
960:
National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions
823:. A new programme has been announced to be housed at the
5405:"25 Best Jobs in America for 2015 | Glassdoor Blog"
4964:
4962:
4960:
4271:"Physician Associate Managed Voluntary Register (PAMVR)"
2984:"The PA profession in Israel: A half-decade perspective"
2301:
reflects the clinician's role on the patient care team.
5936:
2337:
in either Physician Assistant Studies, Health Science (
2021:
Initial fitting of vaginal pessaries for organ prolapse
1017:, this title is however exceedingly close to the title
604:
and other types of health facilities, or virtually via
160:
5782:"Evaluation of the marine physician assistant program"
4599:, American Academy of Physician Associates, 2021-05-24
2049:
Physician Associates working in general practice must
373:
Physician Associate National Certification Examination
5971:
5946:
5603:"Physician Assistants" Occupational Outlook Handbook"
4935:"The Association of Postgraduate PA Programs (APPAP)"
4888:"Physician Assistants and Their Role in Primary Care"
3085:
Braun, J A; Howard, D R; Pondy, L R (December 1973).
876:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
543:
conduct patient interviews and take medical histories
104:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
5423:"2021's 100 Best Jobs in America - US News Rankings"
4355:"Faculty of Health Studies - University of Bradford"
2414:. Several other states place a limit on the type of
1822:
Carry the crash bleep on the NNU or children's wards
1223:
ABGs with lidocaine (therefore, excluding most ABGs)
1074:
In February 2024 a story broke about make up artist
696:
socially accountable health professional education.
4570:"Physician Associate MSc - University of Worcester"
4541:"Post Graduate Diploma Physician Associate Studies"
1810:
Act as a registrar or senior doctor in any capacity
1763:
Consent patients for or perform any laser procedure
1636:
Steroid injections or any intra-articular injection
1493:Formally report imaging in any modality including:
1407:
Assist in any paediatric anaesthesia (<18 years)
3917:
3835:
3833:
3712:"Canada's Physician Assistant Historical Timeline"
1837:Decide that a child is fit to undergo chemotherapy
1630:Perform minor surgery, IUS/IUD/Nexplanon insertion
1600:Consult with any paediatric patient (<16 years)
5957:Canadian Association of Physician Assistants CAPA
5275:"Minnesota Bill Brings New Opportunities for PAs"
4798:
4796:
4349:
4347:
2576:, typically within Army combat or combat support
1705:Perform and interpret thoracic ultrasound imaging
1428:Undertake laryngoscopy or endotracheal intubation
1419:Administer any medicines by any route to patients
1202:Diagnostic and therapeutic abdominal paracentesis
815:) while further programmes were added in 2024 at
5249:"Oklahoma Bill Brings New Opportunities for PAs"
5186:"Mid-Level Practitioners Authorization by State"
3184:Oliphant, John; Kennedy, Jallah (October 2022).
3039:"Physician Associate Program: The PA Profession"
1618:Undertake debriefs for GPRs/FYs/medical students
1564:Auxiliary roles within an intervention theatre:
1554:Hold a radiology referral bleep or mobile device
549:order and interpret diagnostic tests and exams (
5937:American Academy of Physician Associates (AAPA)
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
2977:
2975:
2855:"The Physician Associate National Examinations"
2496:clinics, nursing homes, schools, prisons, home
1945:Act as first assistant in the operating theatre
339:Physician Associate National Certification Exam
5380:"The Best And Worst Master's Degrees For Jobs"
4639:Science, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and.
3443:. Canadian Association of Physician Assistants
3414:. Canadian Association of Physician Assistants
1828:Be on a transport rota in the role of a doctor
1603:Be sole practitioner on call or duty clinician
1455:Perform central venous or arterial cannulation
5474:"2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report"
1410:Assist in any emergency or trauma anaesthesia
1122:The six core principles of this guidance are:
658:. Two other physicians, Richard Smith at the
635:In 1961, Charles Hudson recommended that the
149:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
5780:DeMaria WJ, Cherry WA, Treusdell DH (1971).
5529:2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report.
5510:2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report.
4750:Perspective on Physician Assistant Education
4081:
4079:
3939:
3937:
3295:The Journal of Physician Assistant Education
2739:"What is a PA? - Frequently Asked Questions"
2502:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
2341:), or Medical Science (MMSc), and require a
1778:Review patients independently on ward rounds
1021:, which represents a senior medical doctor.
970:Physician Associates were introduced by the
639:create new medical provider certifications.
5967:Israeli Association of Physician Assistants
5739:"Becoming an Army Physician Assistant (PA)"
4645:Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
3922:. Health Service Journal. 11 September 2015
3087:"The physician's associate-a task analysis"
1449:Undertake neuraxial or regional anaesthesia
457:National common Entry and Exit Examination.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4905:10.1001/virtualmentor.2012.14.5.pfor2-1205
3902:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1279:Communication with Patients and Colleagues
1173:
309:
5942:Physician Assistant Education Association
5883:
5865:
5813:
4903:
3584:
3337:"Why James Cook is starting a PA Program"
3112:
3041:. Yale School of Medicine. 4 January 2013
1023:Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
896:Learn how and when to remove this message
783:Learn how and when to remove this message
205:Learn how and when to remove this message
187:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
5907:Medical Journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)
5549:"USDA ERS - Rural-Urban Continuum Codes"
5135:"Professional issues: Scope of practice"
4971:Journal of Physician Assistant Education
4621:American Academy of Physician Associates
3406:
3404:
3237:Journal of Physician Assistant Education
2824:American Academy of Physician Associates
2763:
2761:
2746:American Academy of Physician Assistants
2717:American Academy of Physician Assistants
2306:American Academy of Physician Associates
2275:American Academy of Physician Associates
2060:Physician Associates must be considered
2053:work under the supervision of qualified
1340:Make any independent treatment decisions
872:Relevant discussion may be found on the
581:offer advice on preventative health care
539:Physician assistants or associates may:
100:Relevant discussion may be found on the
5978:
5329:"50 Best Jobs in America - May 1, 2006"
3527:. Education News Canada. 23 August 2024
2673:
2506:United States Department of Agriculture
1431:Undertake any advanced airway procedure
723:Canadian Forces Medical Services School
451:Physician Assistant/Physician Associate
409:Clinical Officers Licensing Examination
333:Physician Associate/Physician Assistant
5679:
5677:
5658:"U.S. Department of State | Home Page"
3895:
2915:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2908:
2814:
2812:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2043:Royal College of General Practitioners
350:Canadian Certified Physician Assistant
4197:
4195:
3865:
3863:
1446:Perform total intravenous anaesthesia
1214:Vaginal delivery of a baby, including
670:Physician Assistant Program in 1967.
18:Master of Physician Assistant Studies
7:
4423:"MSc in Physician Associate Studies"
4139:. British Medical Association. 2024.
2787:
2785:
2783:
2542:foreign service health practitioners
1606:Be sole practitioner in the premises
1395:Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Unit
765:adding citations to reliable sources
733:Education and certification (Canada)
5577:Medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com
4050:team, Investigations (2024-02-24).
2179:Canterbury Christ Church University
2095:be properly resourced and designed.
1678:Perform, train in, or consent for:
1211:Interventional radiology procedures
1069:Health and Care Professions Council
809:Northern Ontario School of Medicine
5632:Physician-assistant.advanceweb.com
5354:"Physician Assistant ranked No. 2"
4498:"Physician Associate Studies MPAS"
3944:Wakefield, Jacqui (13 June 2022).
3692:Defence, National (June 3, 2016).
3577:Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.)
3388:Australian Medical Student Journal
3202:10.1097/01.JAA.0000873788.94386.1b
3002:10.1097/01.JAA.0000885172.21571.8b
2861:. Faculty of Physician Associates.
2551:Physician Assistant in the US Army
2515:For PAs in primary care practice,
2368:Physician Assistant Program at ODU
1816:Do the first post-operative review
1781:Discharge inpatients independently
1671:Hold a med reg bleep or equivalent
1609:Be responsible for clinical triage
25:
4448:"MSc Physician Associate Studies"
3092:American Journal of Public Health
2538:United States Department of State
2492:. The remainder were employed in
2234:St George's, University of London
2078:be regulated as soon as possible.
1996:Have any role in maternity triage
1893:Consent for or initiate treatment
52:This article has multiple issues.
5981:
5378:Smith, Jacquelyn (8 June 2012).
5161:"DEA Diversion Control Division"
5010:10.1097/01367895-201223010-00008
4983:10.1097/01367895-200718030-00014
4762:10.1097/01367895-200107000-00011
4692:Rau, Jordan (December 3, 2021).
4529:from the original on 2016-04-05.
4386:from the original on 2016-08-09.
4093:from the original on 2016-06-30.
3963:Campbell, Denis (13 June 2022).
3840:Reilly, Catherine (2021-01-11).
3789:10.1097/01367895-201223030-00010
3249:10.1097/01367895-200718030-00005
2837:"Certification Exam Eligibility"
2325:Education and certification (US)
2209:University of Central Lancashire
2030:Discharge patients independently
1970:Discharge patients independently
1908:Discharge patients independently
1864:Discharge patients independently
1737:Discharge patients independently
1503:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
1474:Discharge patients independently
1354:Discharge patients independently
854:
741:
221:
140:
82:
41:
4454:from the original on 2014-08-26
3275:from the original on 2020-12-22
2820:"PA Title Change Investigation"
2635:specialists, as well as in the
2408:Drug Enforcement Administration
2154:Queen Mary University of London
1347:Be the sole person taking PICU/
1262:Issue a formal radiology report
1217:instrumental delivery of a baby
1089:Faculty of Physician Associates
752:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
5714:"U.S. Army Recruiting Command"
5450:. 19 July 1997. Archived from
5227:10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.033
3159:"History of the PA Profession"
2713:"History of the PA Profession"
2631:as clinical practitioners and
2592:, and overseas. These include
2461:Department of Veterans Affairs
2351:Medical College Admission Test
2314:Duke University Medical Center
1834:Give any routine immunizations
1633:Undertake 6/8-week baby checks
1597:See undifferentiated patients*
839:As of 2023 PAs in Canada may:
27:Mid-level health care provider
1:
5763:"Code of Federal Regulations"
5215:Journal of Emergency Medicine
4743:"Physician Assistant History"
4245:"History of the PAMVRegister"
3870:Sarah, Appleton-Dyer (2015).
1615:Undertake teaching of doctors
1546:Any endovascular intervention
1040:, which had acquired many UK
546:conduct physical examinations
356:Entry to Practice Examination
5854:BMC Health Services Research
3762:www.gesundheit-studieren.com
3307:10.1097/JPA.0000000000000053
2691:The Physician Assistant Life
2612:, and (if the PA qualifies)
2386:Continuing Medical Education
2310:American Medical Association
1757:Consent patients for surgery
1543:Ultrasound guided procedures
1333:Sign a death certificate or
727:Canadian Medical Association
685:(academically accredited by
637:American Medical Association
376:Royal College of Physicians
5483:. p. 2. Archived from
4549:University of Wolverhampton
3505:. Yahoo News. 26 March 2024
3061:"What is a PA? Infographic"
2982:Ozer, Roi (November 2022).
2871:World Health Organization.
2347:Graduate Record Examination
2244:University of Wolverhampton
2229:Sheffield Hallam University
2149:University of Hertfordshire
1948:Have their own theatre list
1169:British Medical Association
1117:British Medical Association
1093:Royal College of Physicians
1065:British Medical Association
578:provide patient counselling
230:It has been suggested that
163:, discuss the issue on the
6020:
5867:10.1186/s12913-023-09568-4
5255:. CMF Group. June 15, 2020
4867:. guidetohealthcareschools
4741:Carter, R. (Spring 2001).
4382:. University of Bradford.
4150:Parr, Eliza (2024-03-07).
3579:. 23 Spec No 2010: 35β60.
3137:"Eugene A. Stead, Jr., MD"
2873:Classifying health workers
2555:Military PAs serve in the
2528:up to $ 200,000 per year.
2445:On May 27, 2020, Governor
1951:Removing cholecystostomies
1452:Perform conscious sedation
1253:Perform medication reviews
835:Scope of practice (Canada)
825:University of Saskatchewan
679:Academy of Health Sciences
565:perform medical procedures
562:coordinate and manage care
29:
5281:. CMF Group. June 5, 2020
4723:. West Liberty University
3744:www.healthforceontario.ca
3066:. American Academy of PAs
2582:continental United States
2425:telecommunication systems
2395:Doctor of Medical Science
2199:Manchester Medical School
2184:University of East Anglia
976:Royal College of Surgeons
664:Alderson-Broaddus College
575:conduct clinical research
559:formulate treatment plans
435:Assistant Medical Officer
413:Clinical Officers Council
247:Proposed since July 2024.
5070:"About CME Requirements"
4808:Directory.paeaonline.org
4804:"PAEA Program Directory"
3586:10.12927/cjnl.2010.22268
2931:"Divine Word University"
2571:Medical Specialist Corps
2557:White House Medical Unit
2536:PAs are employed by the
2339:Master of Health Science
2333:leading to the award of
2189:Hull York Medical School
2174:University of Birmingham
2169:Anglia Ruskin University
1624:Complete cremation forms
1500:Computed tomography (CT)
972:Health Service Executive
725:at Borden, Ontario. The
660:University of Washington
487:Health Extension Officer
30:Not to be confused with
6004:Health care occupations
5909:(Per 23-4/5/6): 50β59.
4998:J Physician Assist Educ
4473:"University of Reading"
3777:J Physician Assist Educ
3463:"Error 404 - Canada.ca"
3105:10.2105/AJPH.63.12.1024
2273:In accordance with the
2249:University of Worcester
2204:University of Liverpool
1537:Fluoroscopic procedures
1042:National Health Service
974:in the mid-2010's. The
584:first assist in surgery
568:prescribe medications (
270:healthcare professional
5448:"Physician Assistants"
4331:University of Aberdeen
4221:"Physician associates"
3740:"Physician Assistants"
3637:"COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT"
2623:PAs also serve in the
2552:
2401:Scope of practice (US)
2369:
2257:University of Bradford
2164:University of Bradford
2159:University of Aberdeen
1937:Chest drain insertions
1719:Diagnostic radiography
1691:DCCV even protocolised
1568:Diagnostic radiography
1157:
1100:Scope of practice (UK)
813:The Michener Institute
797:University of Manitoba
4892:AMA Journal of Ethics
4865:"Physician Assistant"
4477:University of Reading
4106:"Physician associate"
4012:UK Parliament Hansard
2641:Public Health Service
2550:
2429:emergency departments
2412:controlled substances
2367:
2224:University of Reading
2074:Physician Associates
2067:Physician Associates
2055:General Practitioners
1725:Radiotherapy delivery
1574:Radiotherapy delivery
1124:
909:Compensation (Canada)
821:University of Calgary
805:University of Toronto
711:James Cook University
683:Brooke Medical Center
325:Certifying Authority
3441:"About PAs: History"
3139:. PA History Society
2875:. Geneva, WHO, 2010.
2416:controlled substance
2319:Johns Creek, Georgia
2239:University of Surrey
2214:Newcastle University
2144:University of Bolton
1855:Lead any ward rounds
1708:Perform thoracoscopy
1540:CT-guided procedures
1135:emergency department
865:factual accuracy is
817:Dalhousie University
761:improve this article
240:into this article. (
169:create a new article
161:improve this article
93:factual accuracy is
5743:recruiting.army.mil
5718:Recruiting.army.mil
3847:Medical Independent
3816:Medical Independent
3363:"Table of Contents"
3341:Crokey Health Media
2219:Plymouth University
2194:University of Leeds
2041:In March 2024, the
1712:Clinical oncology:
1699:Change NIV settings
1362:Clinical Governance
1175:
1115:In early 2024, the
1038:Centene Corporation
1029:in September 2015.
1019:Associate Physician
1015:physician associate
980:postgraduate degree
918:Regulation (Canada)
801:McMaster University
521:Physician Assistant
384:Physician Associate
381:Republic of Ireland
367:Physician Associate
285:healthcare provider
262:Physician Associate
258:Physician Assistant
32:Assistant physician
5534:2009-03-25 at the
5515:2009-03-25 at the
4886:Cawley JF (2012).
3764:. January 4, 2024.
2693:. 11 December 2018
2567:United States Army
2553:
2500:agencies, and the
2370:
1722:Radiation planning
1571:Radiation planning
1485:Clinical Radiology
1208:Pleural procedures
1174:
1076:Christopher Tucker
1053:pulmonary embolism
946:de:Arztassistenten
827:to start in 2025.
662:, and Hu Myers at
622:residency training
556:diagnose illnesses
422:Clinical Associate
5121:"Spread the Word"
4297:"Recertification"
4110:Nhscareers.nhs.uk
3099:(12): 1024β1028.
2649:military medicine
2645:aviation medicine
2633:aviation medicine
2523:Compensation (US)
2343:bachelor's degree
2331:graduate programs
2269:Nomenclature (US)
2039:
2038:
1665:Lead a ward round
978:has offered a PA
906:
905:
898:
793:
792:
785:
687:Baylor University
652:Hospital Corpsmen
570:in some countries
551:in some countries
532:
531:
254:
253:
249:
215:
214:
207:
197:
196:
189:
171:, as appropriate.
134:
133:
126:
75:
16:(Redirected from
6011:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5977:
5926:
5897:
5887:
5869:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5817:
5786:HSMHA Health Rep
5777:
5771:
5770:
5765:. Archived from
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:on June 28, 2018
5691:. Archived from
5681:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5634:. Archived from
5624:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5579:. Archived from
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5545:
5539:
5526:
5520:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5489:
5478:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5427:money.usnews.com
5419:
5413:
5412:
5407:. Archived from
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5305:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5190:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5163:. Archived from
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5098:. Archived from
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5046:. Archived from
5036:
5030:
5029:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4966:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4941:. Archived from
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4907:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4838:. Archived from
4833:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4800:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4747:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4721:"PA Information"
4717:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4669:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4402:Birmingham.ac.uk
4394:
4388:
4387:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4102:
4096:
4095:Click "FAQs" tab
4094:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3901:
3893:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:. September 2009
3613:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3437:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3370:Code of Practice
3367:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2933:. Archived from
2927:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2891:. Archived from
2890:
2882:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2859:www.fparcp.co.uk
2851:
2845:
2844:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2797:www.fparcp.co.uk
2789:
2778:
2777:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2683:
2335:master's degrees
2090:general practice
1958:Lead ward rounds
1728:MDT coordination
1588:General Practice
1577:MDT coordination
1526:Nuclear medicine
1506:Nuclear medicine
1220:Lumbar punctures
1176:
940:de:Arztassistent
901:
894:
890:
887:
881:
878:reliably sourced
858:
857:
850:
788:
781:
777:
774:
768:
745:
737:
668:Emory University
482:Papua New Guinea
469:Assistant Doctor
402:Clinical officer
310:
245:
233:Clinical officer
225:
224:
217:
210:
203:
192:
185:
181:
178:
172:
144:
143:
136:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
106:reliably sourced
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6008:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5982:
5980:
5972:
5933:
5900:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5839:2024/08/28, KBS
5835:
5831:
5798:10.2307/4594129
5779:
5778:
5774:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5747:
5745:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5720:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5698:
5696:
5683:
5682:
5675:
5666:
5664:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5641:
5639:
5638:on 16 July 2012
5626:
5625:
5621:
5611:
5609:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5557:
5555:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5536:Wayback Machine
5527:
5523:
5517:Wayback Machine
5507:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5457:
5455:
5454:on 19 July 1997
5446:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5386:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5360:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5312:
5310:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5170:
5168:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5144:
5142:
5141:on 29 July 2014
5133:
5132:
5128:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5105:
5103:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5053:
5051:
5038:
5037:
5033:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4968:
4967:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4702:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4649:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4600:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4457:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4335:
4333:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4229:
4227:
4225:www.rcgp.org.uk
4218:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4035:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3992:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3894:
3882:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3852:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3822:
3820:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3758:"Arztassistent"
3756:
3755:
3751:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3724:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3621:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3343:. 31 March 2011
3335:
3334:
3330:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2964:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2886:"Archived copy"
2884:
2883:
2879:
2870:
2866:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2781:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2748:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2670:
2661:
2580:located in the
2534:
2525:
2457:
2455:Employment (US)
2403:
2327:
2271:
2266:
2253:
2135:
2119:
2117:Regulation (UK)
1931:Endoscopy (any)
1196:Endoscopy (any)
1102:
1085:
1010:
1001:
992:
968:
955:
935:
920:
911:
902:
891:
885:
882:
871:
863:This article's
859:
855:
837:
789:
778:
772:
769:
758:
746:
735:
719:
707:
702:
645:Duke University
641:Eugene A. Stead
633:
618:
594:
537:
305:Duke University
301:
268:) is a type of
250:
226:
222:
211:
200:
199:
198:
193:
182:
176:
173:
158:
145:
141:
130:
119:
113:
110:
99:
91:This article's
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6017:
6015:
6007:
6006:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5932:
5931:External links
5929:
5928:
5927:
5898:
5842:
5841:
5829:
5792:(3): 195β201.
5772:
5769:on 2016-02-01.
5754:
5730:
5705:
5673:
5649:
5619:
5594:
5583:on 28 May 2008
5564:
5540:
5521:
5501:
5465:
5439:
5414:
5411:on 2015-01-28.
5396:
5370:
5345:
5320:
5292:
5266:
5240:
5205:
5177:
5152:
5126:
5112:
5087:
5061:
5031:
4988:
4977:(3): 100β108.
4956:
4926:
4898:(5): 411β414.
4878:
4856:
4820:
4792:
4767:
4756:(2): 130β132.
4733:
4712:
4684:
4656:
4631:
4617:"General FAQs"
4608:
4586:
4561:
4532:
4514:
4489:
4464:
4439:
4414:
4389:
4371:
4359:Bradford.ac.uk
4343:
4314:
4288:
4262:
4236:
4211:
4191:
4167:
4142:
4123:
4097:
4075:
4042:
4017:
3999:
3974:
3955:
3933:
3909:
3880:
3859:
3829:
3802:
3767:
3749:
3731:
3703:
3684:
3656:
3628:
3600:
3563:
3538:
3516:
3494:
3472:
3467:noc.esdc.gc.ca
3454:
3425:
3400:
3390:. 24 July 2013
3375:
3354:
3328:
3285:
3254:
3223:
3176:
3150:
3128:
3077:
3052:
3030:
2971:
2947:
2922:
2877:
2864:
2846:
2828:
2808:
2779:
2757:
2730:
2704:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2614:special forces
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2402:
2399:
2326:
2323:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1981:Women's Health
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1385:expert witness
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1128:
1101:
1098:
1084:
1081:
1058:Barbara Keeley
1009:
1008:United Kingdom
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
967:
964:
954:
951:
934:
931:
930:
929:
919:
916:
910:
907:
904:
903:
862:
860:
853:
844:
843:
836:
833:
791:
790:
749:
747:
740:
734:
731:
718:
715:
706:
703:
701:
698:
632:
629:
617:
614:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
547:
544:
536:
533:
530:
529:
527:
525:
522:
519:
515:
514:
512:
510:
508:
503:
496:
495:
493:
491:
489:
484:
478:
477:
475:
473:
471:
466:
462:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
444:
441:
439:
437:
432:
428:
427:
425:
423:
420:
416:
415:
410:
407:
404:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
378:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
364:United Kingdom
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
300:
297:
252:
251:
229:
227:
220:
213:
212:
195:
194:
155:of the subject
153:worldwide view
148:
146:
139:
132:
131:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6016:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5989:
5979:
5975:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5833:
5830:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5776:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5758:
5755:
5744:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5663:
5659:
5653:
5650:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5490:on 2009-03-25
5486:
5482:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5385:
5381:
5374:
5371:
5359:
5358:Money.cnn.com
5355:
5349:
5346:
5334:
5333:Money.cnn.com
5330:
5324:
5321:
5309:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5221:(2): e49-58.
5220:
5216:
5209:
5206:
5194:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5167:on 2011-06-16
5166:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5102:on 2008-12-02
5101:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5050:on 2007-12-17
5049:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4945:on 2008-03-03
4944:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4879:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4845:on 2006-11-13
4841:
4837:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4734:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4685:
4673:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4632:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4587:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4303:on 2016-06-09
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4277:on 2016-06-22
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4251:on 2016-06-28
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4212:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4124:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4056:The Telegraph
4053:
4046:
4043:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3920:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3881:9780478448665
3877:
3873:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3685:
3673:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3617:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:(27): 43β46.
3300:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3196:(10): 56β61.
3195:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3165:on 2014-12-26
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2996:(11): 57β61.
2995:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2937:on 2010-11-28
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2898:on 2016-06-09
2894:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2618:combat medics
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:PAs serve as
2568:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:public health
2491:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2420:collaborative
2417:
2413:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:United States
2263:
2261:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2133:Training (UK)
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:Ophthalmology
1746:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:Respiratory:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1005:
998:
996:
989:
987:
985:
984:prescriptions
981:
977:
973:
965:
963:
961:
952:
950:
948:
947:
942:
941:
932:
926:
925:
924:
917:
915:
908:
900:
897:
889:
879:
875:
869:
868:
861:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
840:
834:
832:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
787:
784:
776:
766:
762:
756:
755:
750:This section
748:
744:
739:
738:
732:
730:
728:
724:
716:
714:
712:
704:
700:Jurisdictions
699:
697:
693:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
650:
646:
642:
638:
630:
628:
625:
623:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
591:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
542:
541:
540:
534:
528:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
513:
511:
509:
507:
504:
502:
498:
497:
494:
492:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:
474:
472:
470:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
438:
436:
433:
430:
429:
426:
424:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
338:
335:
332:
330:United States
329:
328:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
308:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
248:
243:
239:
235:
234:
228:
219:
218:
209:
206:
191:
188:
180:
170:
166:
162:
156:
154:
147:
138:
137:
128:
125:
117:
107:
103:
97:
96:
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5906:
5857:
5853:
5832:
5789:
5785:
5775:
5767:the original
5757:
5746:. Retrieved
5742:
5733:
5721:. Retrieved
5717:
5708:
5697:. Retrieved
5693:the original
5688:
5665:. Retrieved
5661:
5652:
5640:. Retrieved
5636:the original
5631:
5622:
5612:17 September
5610:. Retrieved
5606:
5597:
5585:. Retrieved
5581:the original
5576:
5567:
5556:. Retrieved
5553:Ers.usda.gov
5552:
5543:
5524:
5504:
5492:. Retrieved
5485:the original
5480:
5468:
5456:. Retrieved
5452:the original
5442:
5432:18 September
5430:. Retrieved
5426:
5417:
5409:the original
5399:
5387:. Retrieved
5383:
5373:
5361:. Retrieved
5357:
5348:
5336:. Retrieved
5332:
5323:
5313:18 September
5311:. Retrieved
5307:
5295:
5283:. Retrieved
5279:cmfgroup.com
5278:
5269:
5257:. Retrieved
5253:cmfgroup.com
5252:
5243:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5198:18 September
5196:. Retrieved
5192:
5180:
5169:. Retrieved
5165:the original
5155:
5143:. Retrieved
5139:the original
5129:
5115:
5104:. Retrieved
5100:the original
5090:
5078:. Retrieved
5073:
5064:
5052:. Retrieved
5048:the original
5043:
5034:
5004:(1): 39β45.
5001:
4997:
4991:
4974:
4970:
4947:. Retrieved
4943:the original
4938:
4929:
4917:. Retrieved
4895:
4891:
4881:
4869:. Retrieved
4859:
4847:. Retrieved
4840:the original
4835:
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4807:
4783:. Retrieved
4779:
4770:
4753:
4749:
4736:
4725:. Retrieved
4715:
4703:. Retrieved
4697:
4687:
4675:. Retrieved
4672:Apd.army.mil
4671:
4659:
4648:. Retrieved
4644:
4634:
4624:, retrieved
4620:
4611:
4601:, retrieved
4595:
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4573:
4564:
4552:. Retrieved
4544:
4535:
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:
4492:
4480:. Retrieved
4476:
4467:
4456:. Retrieved
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4426:
4417:
4405:. Retrieved
4401:
4392:
4380:"Our People"
4374:
4362:. Retrieved
4358:
4334:. Retrieved
4326:
4317:
4305:. Retrieved
4301:the original
4291:
4279:. Retrieved
4275:the original
4265:
4253:. Retrieved
4249:the original
4239:
4228:. Retrieved
4224:
4214:
4183:. Retrieved
4179:
4170:
4159:. Retrieved
4155:
4145:
4132:
4126:
4114:. Retrieved
4112:. 2015-03-26
4109:
4100:
4067:. Retrieved
4055:
4045:
4034:. Retrieved
4032:. 2020-06-12
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3991:. Retrieved
3989:. 2023-07-12
3986:
3977:
3969:The Guardian
3968:
3958:
3949:
3924:. Retrieved
3912:
3871:
3851:. Retrieved
3845:
3821:. Retrieved
3819:. 2018-07-03
3814:
3805:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3723:. Retrieved
3719:capa-acam.ca
3718:
3706:
3697:
3687:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:capa-acam.ca
3671:
3659:
3648:. Retrieved
3643:
3631:
3620:. Retrieved
3616:capa-acam.ca
3615:
3603:
3576:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:
3541:
3529:. Retrieved
3519:
3507:. Retrieved
3497:
3485:. Retrieved
3475:
3466:
3457:
3445:. Retrieved
3416:. Retrieved
3392:. Retrieved
3387:
3378:
3369:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3340:
3331:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3277:. Retrieved
3257:
3243:(3): 40β45.
3240:
3236:
3226:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3163:the original
3153:
3141:. Retrieved
3131:
3096:
3090:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3055:
3043:. Retrieved
3033:
3023:December 25,
3021:. Retrieved
2993:
2987:
2963:. Retrieved
2959:
2950:
2939:. Retrieved
2935:the original
2925:
2900:. Retrieved
2893:the original
2880:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2823:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:
2773:
2749:. Retrieved
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2690:
2662:
2653:
2622:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2541:
2535:
2526:
2514:
2487:
2485:work hours.
2475:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2458:
2433:
2404:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2328:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2283:
2272:
2254:
2136:
2127:Matt Hancock
2124:
2120:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2050:
2040:
1980:
1918:
1874:
1797:
1747:
1714:
1711:
1694:
1677:
1655:
1646:
1587:
1563:
1549:
1532:
1512:
1492:
1484:
1394:
1361:
1320:
1293:prescription
1278:
1230:
1185:
1166:
1158:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1103:
1086:
1073:
1062:
1050:
1035:
1031:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1002:
993:
969:
956:
949:in Germany.
944:
938:
936:
921:
912:
892:
883:
864:
845:
838:
829:
794:
779:
770:
759:Please help
754:verification
751:
720:
708:
694:
691:
676:
672:
656:World War II
634:
626:
619:
610:primary care
606:telemedicine
595:
569:
550:
538:
501:Soviet Union
419:South Africa
319:Abbreviation
313:Jurisdiction
302:
299:Nomenclature
281:World War II
278:
265:
261:
257:
255:
246:
231:
201:
183:
174:
150:
120:
111:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
5389:19 February
5145:23 December
4919:5 September
4705:October 20,
4156:Pulse Today
3783:(3): 56β9.
3644:www.pcam.ca
3169:26 December
3045:23 December
2841:CAPA - ACAM
2659:South Korea
2637:Coast Guard
2517:malpractice
2498:health care
2479:baby-boomer
2440:Kevin Stitt
1798:Paediatrics
1424:anaesthesia
1231:Assessments
1179:Procedures
999:New Zealand
819:and at the
5860:(1): 580.
5748:2019-10-17
5723:5 February
5699:2018-06-05
5667:2019-02-05
5642:5 February
5587:5 February
5558:2019-02-05
5494:5 February
5458:5 February
5363:5 February
5338:5 February
5171:2011-06-11
5106:2012-08-09
5080:5 February
5054:5 February
4949:5 February
4871:18 January
4849:5 February
4813:5 February
4727:2013-05-23
4677:5 February
4650:2024-04-06
4626:2023-01-02
4603:2023-01-02
4579:5 February
4574:Worc.ac.uk
4502:Sgul.ac.uk
4482:5 February
4458:2014-08-23
4427:Hyms.ac.uk
4407:5 February
4364:5 February
4336:5 February
4327:Abdn.ac.uk
4230:2024-03-08
4185:2024-03-08
4161:2024-03-08
4116:22 October
4069:2024-02-24
4036:2023-08-10
3993:2023-07-12
3926:23 October
3853:2021-06-26
3823:2021-06-26
3725:2021-04-04
3678:2021-04-03
3650:2021-04-04
3622:2021-04-03
3412:"PA Facts"
3394:2018-04-17
3279:2021-04-03
2965:2019-02-05
2941:2011-09-07
2902:2012-12-05
2802:2023-04-10
2751:2021-04-03
2668:References
2578:battalions
2450:authority.
2279:physicians
2062:additional
1940:Cystoscopy
1875:Psychiatry
1529:Ultrasound
1517:Plain film
1509:Ultrasound
1497:Plain film
1321:Daily Work
1313:protection
1027:NHS trusts
886:April 2023
592:Workplaces
293:Korean War
177:April 2023
114:April 2023
57:improve it
5915:2694-3611
5876:1472-6963
5662:State.gov
5308:NCCPA.net
5096:"PA Week"
5044:Nccpa.net
4939:Appap.org
4545:Wlv.ac.uk
4064:0307-1235
3898:cite book
3890:919088530
3531:23 August
3487:9 January
3447:8 October
3418:24 August
3218:252534492
3018:253108293
2625:Air Force
2610:artillery
2490:hospitals
2287:Northeast
1682:Endoscopy
1335:cremation
874:talk page
705:Australia
598:hospitals
289:physician
274:physician
165:talk page
102:talk page
63:talk page
5998:Category
5988:Medicine
5923:37042506
5894:37280653
5885:10242803
5532:Archived
5513:Archived
5481:Aapa.org
5285:July 13,
5259:July 13,
5235:25453855
5026:24895570
5018:22479907
4914:23351209
4836:Aapa.org
4780:Pahx.org
4527:Archived
4452:Archived
4384:Archived
4091:Archived
3987:BBC News
3950:BBC News
3797:23072073
3595:21478686
3551:web page
3509:28 March
3483:. Cision
3315:26894952
3270:Archived
3210:36165551
3010:36282580
2911:cite web
2774:BBC News
2606:airborne
2594:infantry
2574:officers
2510:counties
2483:resident
2447:Tim Walz
2125:In 2018
1685:Cathlabs
1656:Medicine
1241:patients
867:disputed
773:May 2021
616:Training
535:Services
506:Feldsher
431:Malaysia
159:You may
95:disputed
5824:4396133
5815:1937084
5806:4594129
5689:Cia.gov
5607:bls.gov
5076:. NCCPA
4785:6 April
4307:19 June
4281:19 June
4255:19 June
3556:May 13,
3347:May 13,
3323:9265616
3143:19 June
3123:4148535
3114:1775358
2960:Ilo.org
2723:13 June
2697:May 10,
2602:cavalry
1919:Surgery
1422:Induce
1162:Level 8
1107:CT scan
966:Ireland
933:Germany
649:US Navy
643:of the
631:History
602:clinics
499:Former
242:Discuss
5974:Portal
5921:
5913:
5892:
5882:
5874:
5822:
5812:
5804:
5384:Forbes
5233:
5024:
5016:
4912:
4554:2 July
4507:2 July
4432:2 July
4219:RCGP.
4087:"FAQs"
4062:
3888:
3878:
3795:
3721:. 2017
3674:. 2019
3646:. 2017
3593:
3321:
3313:
3216:
3208:
3121:
3111:
3070:18 Sep
3016:
3008:
2647:, and
2590:Hawaii
2586:Alaska
2477:aging
2081:There
2069:do not
2051:always
2000:doctor
1955:system
1688:Pacing
990:Israel
811:, and
717:Canada
518:Israel
347:Canada
238:merged
5802:JSTOR
5488:(PDF)
5477:(PDF)
5304:(PDF)
5189:(PDF)
5022:S2CID
4843:(PDF)
4832:(PDF)
4746:(PDF)
4668:(PDF)
4206:(PDF)
4137:(PDF)
3715:(PDF)
3698:gcnws
3668:(PDF)
3640:(PDF)
3612:(PDF)
3366:(PDF)
3319:S2CID
3273:(PDF)
3266:(PDF)
3214:S2CID
3190:JAAPA
3064:(PDF)
3014:S2CID
2989:JAAPA
2896:(PDF)
2889:(PDF)
2742:(PDF)
2719:. n.d
2598:armor
2470:Money
2391:PANRE
2382:PANCE
2359:state
2355:CASPA
2291:PANCE
1462:plus)
1105:as a
953:India
465:China
448:India
398:Kenya
393:none
316:Title
167:, or
5919:PMID
5911:ISSN
5890:PMID
5872:ISSN
5820:PMID
5725:2019
5644:2019
5614:2021
5589:2019
5496:2019
5460:2019
5434:2021
5391:2017
5365:2019
5340:2019
5315:2021
5287:2020
5261:2020
5231:PMID
5200:2021
5147:2014
5082:2018
5056:2019
5014:PMID
4951:2019
4921:2020
4910:PMID
4873:2013
4851:2019
4815:2019
4787:2016
4707:2023
4679:2019
4581:2019
4556:2020
4509:2020
4484:2019
4434:2020
4409:2019
4366:2019
4338:2019
4309:2016
4283:2016
4257:2016
4118:2017
4060:ISSN
3928:2015
3904:link
3886:OCLC
3876:ISBN
3793:PMID
3591:PMID
3558:2023
3533:2024
3511:2024
3489:2024
3449:2015
3420:2024
3349:2023
3311:PMID
3206:PMID
3171:2014
3145:2016
3119:PMID
3072:2020
3047:2014
3025:2022
3006:PMID
2917:link
2725:2022
2699:2023
2639:and
2629:Navy
2627:and
2345:and
2107:must
2100:must
2093:must
2083:must
2076:must
1337:form
1167:The
1087:The
799:and
524:PA-R
390:none
370:PA-R
353:CCPA
336:PA-C
322:Test
5880:PMC
5862:doi
5810:PMC
5794:doi
5223:doi
5006:doi
4979:doi
4900:doi
4758:doi
4699:NPR
3785:doi
3581:doi
3303:doi
3245:doi
3198:doi
3109:PMC
3101:doi
2998:doi
2540:as
2349:or
1523:MRI
1349:ICU
1344:MDT
1046:BBC
763:by
689:).
260:or
236:be
6000::
5917:.
5905:.
5888:.
5878:.
5870:.
5858:23
5856:.
5852:.
5818:.
5808:.
5800:.
5790:86
5788:.
5784:.
5741:.
5716:.
5687:.
5676:^
5660:.
5630:.
5605:.
5575:.
5551:.
5479:.
5425:.
5382:.
5356:.
5331:.
5306:.
5277:.
5251:.
5229:.
5219:48
5217:.
5191:.
5072:.
5042:.
5020:.
5012:.
5002:23
5000:.
4975:18
4973:.
4959:^
4937:.
4908:.
4896:14
4894:.
4890:.
4834:.
4806:.
4795:^
4778:.
4754:12
4752:.
4748:.
4696:.
4670:.
4643:.
4619:,
4572:.
4547:.
4543:.
4525:.
4500:.
4475:.
4450:.
4425:.
4400:.
4357:.
4346:^
4329:.
4325:.
4223:.
4194:^
4178:.
4154:.
4108:.
4078:^
4058:.
4054:.
4028:.
4010:.
3985:.
3967:.
3948:.
3936:^
3900:}}
3896:{{
3884:.
3862:^
3844:.
3832:^
3813:.
3791:.
3781:23
3779:.
3760:.
3742:.
3717:.
3696:.
3670:.
3642:.
3614:.
3589:.
3575:.
3549:.
3465:.
3428:^
3403:^
3386:.
3368:.
3339:.
3317:.
3309:.
3297:.
3268:.
3241:18
3239:.
3235:.
3212:.
3204:.
3194:35
3192:.
3188:.
3117:.
3107:.
3097:63
3095:.
3089:.
3012:.
3004:.
2994:35
2992:.
2986:.
2974:^
2958:.
2913:}}
2909:{{
2857:.
2839:.
2822:,
2811:^
2795:.
2782:^
2772:.
2760:^
2744:.
2715:.
2689:.
2676:^
2608:,
2604:,
2600:,
2596:,
2588:,
2584:,
2512:.
2321:.
2293:.
2281:.
1520:CT
1071:.
986:.
807:,
681:,
600:,
454:PA
406:CO
387:PA
266:PA
256:A
66:.
5976::
5925:.
5896:.
5864::
5826:.
5796::
5751:.
5727:.
5702:.
5670:.
5646:.
5616:.
5591:.
5561:.
5498:.
5462:.
5436:.
5393:.
5367:.
5342:.
5317:.
5289:.
5263:.
5237:.
5225::
5202:.
5174:.
5149:.
5123:.
5109:.
5084:.
5058:.
5028:.
5008::
4985:.
4981::
4953:.
4923:.
4902::
4875:.
4853:.
4817:.
4789:.
4764:.
4760::
4730:.
4709:.
4681:.
4653:.
4583:.
4558:.
4511:.
4486:.
4461:.
4436:.
4411:.
4368:.
4340:.
4311:.
4285:.
4259:.
4233:.
4208:.
4188:.
4164:.
4120:.
4072:.
4039:.
4014:.
3996:.
3971:.
3952:.
3930:.
3906:)
3892:.
3856:.
3826:.
3799:.
3787::
3746:.
3728:.
3700:.
3681:.
3653:.
3625:.
3597:.
3583::
3560:.
3535:.
3513:.
3491:.
3469:.
3451:.
3422:.
3397:.
3372:.
3351:.
3325:.
3305::
3299:1
3282:.
3251:.
3247::
3220:.
3200::
3173:.
3147:.
3125:.
3103::
3074:.
3049:.
3027:.
3000::
2968:.
2944:.
2919:)
2905:.
2843:.
2805:.
2776:.
2754:.
2727:.
2701:.
2389:(
2057:.
899:)
893:(
888:)
884:(
880:.
870:.
786:)
780:(
775:)
771:(
757:.
572:)
553:)
264:(
244:)
208:)
202:(
190:)
184:(
179:)
175:(
157:.
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
108:.
98:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.