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Stanley's memorandum of March 23, 1964, on the history of Canada's emblems, in which he warned that any new flag "must avoid the use of national or racial symbols that are of a divisive nature" and that it would be "clearly inadvisable" to create a flag that carried the Union Flag or a fleur-de-lis. According to
Matheson, Pearson's "paramount and desperate objective" in introducing the new flag was keeping Quebec in Canada. It was Stanley's idea that the new flag should be red and white and that it should feature the single maple leaf; his memorandum included the first sketch of what would become the flag of Canada. Stanley and Matheson collaborated on a design that was, after six months of debate and 308 speeches, passed by a majority vote in the House of Commons on December 15, 1964. Just after this, at 2:00 am, Matheson wrote to Stanley: "Your proposed flag has just now been approved by the Commons 163 to 78. Congratulations. I believe it is an excellent flag that will serve Canada well." The
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852:, "those that had accumulated in the Department of the Secretary of State and those from a parliamentary flag committee of 1945–1946". Through six weeks of study with political manoeuvring, the committee took a vote on the two finalists: the Pearson Pennant (Beddoe's design) and the current design. Believing the Liberal members would vote for the Prime Minister's preference, the Conservatives voted for the single leaf design. The Liberals, though, all voted for the single leaf design, as did the members from the other two parties, giving a unanimous 15 to 0 vote for the option created by
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1039:. He said, "he National Flag of Canada is so embedded in our national life and so emblematic of our national purpose that we simply cannot imagine our country without it." Queen Elizabeth II stated: "On this, the 50th anniversary of the National Flag of Canada, I am pleased to join with all Canadians in the celebration of this unique and cherished symbol of our country and identity." A commemorative stamp and coin were issued by
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1311:. These programs increased the exposure of the flag and the concept that it was part of the national identity. To raise awareness of the new flag, the Parliamentary Flag Program was set up in December 1972 by the Cabinet and, beginning in 1973, allowed members of the House of Commons to distribute flags and lapel pins in the shape of the Canadian flag to their constituents. Full-size flags that have been flown on
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thus in some sense symbolized the kingdom of France. During the later period of French rule, it would seem that the emblem...was a flag showing the fleur-de-lys on a white ground.... as seen in
Florida. There were, however, 68 flags authorized for various services by Louis XIV in 1661; and a number of these were doubtless used in New France
960:), contributed to the deterioration of the document: The gouache was flaking off, leaving gaps in the heraldic designs, most conspicuously on the red maple leaf of the flag design in the centre of the sheet, and the adhesive from the tape had left stains. A desire to have the proclamation as part of a display at the
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During the French régime in Canada, there does not appear to have been any French national flag in the modern sense of the term. The "Banner of France", composed of fleur-de-lys on a blue field, came nearest to being a national flag, since it was carried before the king when he marched to battle, and
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Quebec has decreed that on all buildings under its authority within the province of Quebec, whether it be those of government departments, boards, schools or others, as well as on city halls, the provincial flag of Quebec is given precedence over the
National Flag of Canada and must occupy the place
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established a committee to design a flag to be used at home, but it was dissolved before the final report could be delivered. Despite the failure of the committee to solve the issue, public sentiment in the 1920s was in favour of fixing the flag problem for Canada. New designs were proposed in 1927,
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No law dictates the proper use of the
Canadian flag. Canadian Heritage has released rules for flying the National Flag of Canada alone and with other flags. The rules deal with the order of precedence in which the Canadian flag is placed, where the flag can be used, how it is used, and what people
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in 2007. This decision elicited criticism from those who believed it should not have been given equal status to the
Canadian flag and received praise from people who believed that it was important to retain the ties to Canada's past. The Royal Union Flag and Red Ensign are still flown in Canada by
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There, near the parade square, in March 1964, while viewing the college flag atop the
Mackenzie Building, Stanley, then RMC's Dean of Arts, first suggested to Matheson, then Member of Parliament for Leeds, that the RMC flag should form the basis of the national flag. The suggestion was followed by
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are packaged by the
Department of Public Works and offered to the public free of charge. As of March 2019, the program has a waiting list of over 100 years for both Peace Tower flags, which are 2.3 by 4.6 metres (7.5 by 15 ft) in size, and for flags from the other four locations (one on each
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The flag can be displayed on any day at buildings operated by the
Government of Canada, airports, military bases, diplomatic offices, and citizens during any time of the day. When flying the flag, it should be flown using its pole and should not be inferior to other flags, save for, in descending
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had urged the committee not to include any of what it deemed as "foreign symbols", including the Union Flag, and
Mackenzie King, then still prime minister, declined to act on the report; fearing it may lead to political instability. As a result, the Union Flag was kept as a national flag, and the
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When Canada was settled as part of France and dubbed "New France," two flags gained national status. One was the Royal Banner of France. This featured a blue background with three gold fleurs-de-lis. A white flag of the French Royal Navy was also flown from ships and forts and sometimes flown at
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At the time of New France (1534 to the 1760s), two flags could be viewed as having national status. The first was the banner of France — a blue square flag bearing three gold fleurs-de-lys. It was flown above fortifications in the early years of the colony. For instance, it was flown above the
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to begin researching what it would take for Canada to have a new flag. By April 1963, Pearson was prime minister in a minority government and risked losing power over the issue. He formed a 15-member multi-party parliamentary committee in 1963 to select a new design, despite opposition leader
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because the
Canadian flag (the Red Ensign) contained the same symbol (the Union Flag) also used as a flag by the United Kingdom, one of the belligerents. Pearson's goal was to create a Canadian flag that was distinctive and unmistakably Canadian. The main opponent to changing the flag was the
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Many different flags created by Canadian officials, government bodies, and military forces contain the maple leaf motif in some fashion, either by having the Canadian flag charged in the canton or by including maple leaves in the design. The Canadian flag also appears on the government's
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lodgings of Pierre Du Gua de Monts at Île Sainte-Croix in 1604. There is some evidence that the banner also flew above Samuel de Champlain's habitation in 1608. ..... the completely white flag of the French Royal Navy was flown from ships, forts and sometimes at land-claiming ceremonies.
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It is most probable that the Bourbon Flag was used during the greater part of the occupancy of the French in the region extending southwest from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi, known as New France... The French flag was probably blue at that time with three golden fleur - de - lis
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Jean-Paul L'Allier, has prohibited the Canadian Maple Leaf from officially flying in front of City Hall since 1990. It was a symbolic retaliation for the defeat, by the rest of Canada, of a constitutional amendment that would have recognized Quebec's special place within the Canadian
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national flag. A joint committee of the Senate and House of Commons was appointed on November 8, 1945, to recommend a national flag to officially adopt. It received 2,409 designs from the public and was addressed by the director of the Historical Section of the Canadian Army,
956:) and to the Caribbean (for the signature of Favreau, who was on vacation). This transport to different climates, combined with the quality of the materials with which the proclamation was created and the subsequent storage and repair methods (including the use of
269:. There is no law dictating how the national flag is to be treated, but there are conventions and protocols to guide how it is to be displayed and its place in the order of precedence of flags, which gives it primacy over the aforementioned and most other flags.
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of the Canadian coat of arms. By May 9 the following year, the committee reported back with a recommendation "that the national flag of Canada should be the Canadian red ensign with a maple leaf in autumn golden colours in a bordered background of white". The
1074:, the Royal Union Flag is an official Canadian flag and is flown on certain occasions. Regulations require federal installations to fly the Royal Union Flag beside the national flag when physically possible, using a second flagpole, on the following days:
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The number of points on the leaf has no special significance; the number and arrangement of the points were chosen after wind tunnel tests showed the current design to be the least blurry of the various designs when tested under high-wind conditions.
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The image of the maple leaf used on the flag was designed by Jacques Saint-Cyr; Jack Cook claims that this stylized eleven-point maple leaf was lifted from a copyrighted design owned by a Canadian craft shop in Ottawa. The colours 0/100/100/0 in the
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or at other locations during ceremonies that honour Canadian involvement with forces of other Commonwealth nations during times of war. The national flag always precedes the Royal Union Flag, with the former occupying the place of
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instead. Display of the flag is also contentious, with the Quebec provincial government ordering that the Quebec flag be given seniority over the Canadian one in the province, and many Quebec government facilities, such as the
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as chairman, while John Matheson acted as Pearson's right-hand man. Among those who gave their opinions to the group was Duguid, expressing the same views as he had in 1945, insisting on a design using three maple leaves;
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Diefenbaker's demands for a referendum on the issue. On May 27, 1964, Pearson's cabinet introduced a motion to parliament for the adoption of his favourite design, presented to him by artist and heraldic advisor
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value of 255–0–0 (web hexadecimal #FF0000). In 1984, the National Flag of Canada Manufacturing Standards Act was passed to unify the manufacturing standards for flags used in both indoor and outdoor conditions.
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marking the flag's 25th anniversary led to its restoration in 1989. The proclamation is today stored in a temperature and humidity-controlled plexiglass case to prevent the vellum from changing dimensionally.
307:, rather than a third of the width, named for its use in this flag); each bordering red field is exactly half its size and it bears a stylized red maple leaf at its centre. In heraldic terminology, the flag's
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Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams ordered Canadian flags taken down from provincial government buildings to protest against a deal with the federal government on sharing offshore royalties.
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gained power and decided to adopt an official Canadian flag through parliamentary debate. The principal political proponent of the change was Pearson. He had been a significant broker during the
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997:, the Prime Minister, other members of the Cabinet, and Canadian parliamentarians. The Red Ensign was lowered at the stroke of noon, and the new maple leaf flag was raised. The crowd sang "
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instituted the One in a Million National Flag Challenge. Canadian Heritage put the expenses at $ 15.5 million, with approximately a seventh of the cost offset by donations.
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649:, a Union Flag with a shield in the centre bearing the quartered arms of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, surrounded by a wreath of maple leaves. In 1870, the
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659:. As new provinces joined the Confederation, their arms were added to the shield. In 1892, the British admiralty approved the use of the Red Ensign for Canadian use at sea.
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also have a unique protocol for folding the Canadian flag for presentations, such as during a funeral ceremony; CF does not recommend this method for everyday use.
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The flag is horizontally symmetric, so the obverse and reverse sides appear identical. The width of the Maple Leaf flag is twice the height. The white field is a
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By the 1960s, the debate for an official Canadian flag intensified and became controversial, culminating in the Great Flag Debate of 1964. In 1963, the minority
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After the resolutions proposing a new national flag for Canada were passed by the two houses of parliament, a proclamation was drawn up for signature by the
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denied the charges, and others, including Liberal Members of Parliament, pointed to community events taking place around the country. Governor General
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after 1621. Its use continued after Canada's legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931 until the adoption of the current flag in 1965.
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Quebeckers have never particularly warmed to the Maple Leaf, which is not widely displayed in the province dominated by French-speakers.
2644:"George F.G. Stanley's Flag Memorandum to John Matheson, 23 March 1964 (includes Dr. Stanley's original sketches for the Canadian Flag)"
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Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association with the Quarterly Journal: 2nd-21st Annual Meeting with a List of New Members
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Since the Canadian flag was adopted in 1965, the Canadian government has sponsored programs to promote it. Examples include the
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veterans' groups and others who continue to stress the importance of Canada's British heritage and the Commonwealth connection.
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The Red Ensign is occasionally still used, including official use at some ceremonies. It was flown at the commemorations of the
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1592:"Description of the Proclamation by Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second which formalized the National Flag of Canada in 1965"
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has been a Canadian emblem since the 18th century. It was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the
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and the design came to be known as the "Pearson Pennant", derided by the media and viewed as a "concession to Québec".
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1145:(banner of arms) is an official flag introduced May 6, 2023, and first flown at Government House, Halifax, that day.
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2865:. Office of the Governor General of Canada. February 15, 2015. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015
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of red (hoist-side and fly-side) and white (double width) with one red maple leaf centred on the white band.
2863:"Message from Her Majesty The Queen on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the National Flag of Canada"
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A new all-party committee was formed in September 1964, comprising seven Liberals, five Conservatives, one
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This parchment was signed discreetly by the calligrapher but was made official by the signatures of Queen
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remains an official flag in Canada, to symbolize Canada's allegiance to the monarch and membership in the
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634:(commonly known as the "Union Jack") was used similarly in Canada from the time of British settlement in
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for use "wherever place or occasion may make it desirable to fly a distinctive Canadian flag". Also, the
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in 1867, the need for distinctive Canadian flags emerged. The first Canadian flag was then used as the
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3066:"When the Quebec and Canadian flags fly together at a protest, there's something strange in the wind"
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952:. In order to obtain these signatures, the document was flown to the United Kingdom (for the Queen's
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formed a committee to resolve the ongoing issue of the lack of an official Canadian flag, sparking a
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3610:"The People's Choice: Seeking the origins of the Maple Leaf flag, finding the soul of our nation"
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1210:. Public display of Canadian flags is rare in Quebec, with most Quebecers preferring to fly the
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A Canadian Red Ensign, Royal Union Flag, and the flag of Canada flown next to a cenotaph in
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The new national flag was inaugurated on February 15, 1965, at an official ceremony held on
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The Suburb of Dissent: Cultural Politics in the United States and Canada During the 1930s
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2413:. Office of the Governor General of Canada: Canadian Heraldic Authority. March 20, 2008.
2399:. Office of the Governor General of Canada: Canadian Heraldic Authority. March 20, 2008.
2385:. Office of the Governor General of Canada: Canadian Heraldic Authority. March 20, 2008.
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had been in unofficial use since the 1860s and was later officially approved by a 1945
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Maple Sugar: From Sap to Syrup: The History, Lore, and How-To Behind This Sweet Treat
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I'm from Quebec City and I can tell you how rare it is to see a Canadian flag there.
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At the time of the 50th anniversary of the flag in 2015, the government—held by the
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A Country Nourished on Self-Doubt: Documents in Post-Confederation Canadian History
3396:"Heritage Minister Sheila Copps Launches "One In A Million National Flag" Campaign"
2845:"Governor General to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the National Flag of Canada"
1986:
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approved its use for Canadian government buildings abroad. In 1925, Prime Minister
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were published by Canadian Heritage online and last updated in 24 February 2022.
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3279:. Directorate of History and Heritage – National Defence Canada. April 23, 2008.
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981:. An official ceremony inaugurating the flag was held on Parliament Hill in 1965.
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This article is about the national flag of Canada. For other Canadian flags, see
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in 1921 made red and white the official colours of Canada; the former came from
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1202:) can be considered a national flag along with the Maple Leaf flag, as is the
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3185:"Sûreté du Québec flies pride flag outside their headquarters for first time"
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order to fly the Canadian Red Ensign at government buildings was maintained.
2128:"INQUINTE.CA | CANADA 150 Years of History ~ The story behind the flag"
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Stacey, C. P., ed. (1972). "19. Order in Council on the Red Ensign, 1945".
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3245:"1701 Rue Parthenais · 1701 Rue Parthenais, Montréal, QC H2K 4S8, Canada"
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Maple leaves have been used on the arms of Ontario and Quebec since 1868.
3166:"Montreal isn't properly following Quebec's flag protocol: complainants"
3369:"Request a flag online (new request) - Canada's Parliamentary Precinct"
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process, PMS 032 (flag red 100%), or PMS 485 (used for screens) in the
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that should be used when reproducing the Canadian flag; these include:
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Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories
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3277:"Process for the Ceremonial Folding of the National Flag of Canada"
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Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories
3303:"The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces"
3005:"Flag and emblems of Québec, An Act respecting the, R.S.Q. D-12.1"
2910:. Department of Canadian Heritage. January 1, 2003. Archived from
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1576:. Department of Canadian Heritage. January 1, 2003. Archived from
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in English-speaking Canada. The maple leaf was later added to the
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3219:"Quebec Journal; To Some Canadians, the Maple Leaf Is a Red Flag"
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In some parts of quebec you can't fly a canadian flag,that's okay
2557:"Flag designer recalls how he came up with the Maple Leaf design"
1855:. Canadian Military History (Wilfrid Laurier University). 2005.
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colour specifier can be used when reproducing the flag. For the
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3419:"Canadians Meet the "One in a Million National Flag" Challenge"
2847:. Office of the Governor General of Canada. February 15, 2015.
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formerly used a modified union flag as their standard, but the
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with a crowned composite shield of Canada in the fly, and the
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1090:(December 11). The Royal Union Flag can also be flown at the
2754:"The National Flag of Canada; A symbol of Canadian Identity"
1670:
The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems: Volume 2
212:. The flag has become the predominant and most recognizable
911:
illustrations. The text was rendered in black ink, using a
1332:
Blocks), which are 1.4 by 2.7 metres (4.5 by 9 ft).
613:
or "Bourbon Flag" held a position of some prominence in
2830:
from the original on March 31, 2016 – via YouTube.
354:
in 1921. From 1876 until 1901, the leaf appeared on all
1622:
The Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada
840:, stressing the need for a distinctly Canadian emblem;
791:
In 1961, Leader of the Opposition Lester Pearson asked
303:(a central band occupying half the width of a vertical
3577:
George F.G. Stanley's Flag Memorandum to John Matheson
1594:. Department of Canadian Heritage. December 13, 2013.
1251:
should do to honour the flag. The suggestions, titled
768:, who eventually made the subject a personal crusade.
3087:"QUEBEC'S ATHLETES BLAME FLAG FOR OLYMPIC 'DISTRESS'"
2035:"National Flag of Canada Manufacturing Standards Act"
1691:
1689:
1295:
A sample of items from the Parliamentary Flag Program
1574:"The National Flag of Canada: Colours Specification"
1114:
The Royal Union Flag is also part of the provincial
448:(the Canadian monarch's personal flag) in 1962. The
4439:
4413:
4254:
4128:
4057:
4031:
4005:
3935:
3855:
3837:
3771:
3753:
3728:
3667:
3144:"Position of honour of the National Flag of Canada"
2971:
2969:
2936:
2934:
2673:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 56.
2157:, Vol. II, Toronto, University Associates of Canada
1906:Tidridge, Nathan (2011). Thompson, Allister (ed.).
1388:
List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols
666:A Canadian postcard marking the coronation of King
577:. Another member of Cartier's party is holding the
311:
as outlined on the original royal proclamation is "
149:
137:
119:
111:
76:
3339:"Administration of the Parliamentary Flag Program"
3117:. Canada: University of Lethbridge. Archived from
2719:"Conserving the Proclamation of the Canadian Flag"
2397:"Proposed Flag for Canada: Gérard Gallienne, 1931"
1730:
1697:
1271:, any of the personal standards of members of the
452:has listed the various colour shades for printing
295:Construction sheet for the national flag of Canada
1966:
1964:
1335:Since 1996, February 15 has been commemorated as
930:Royal proclamation of the national flag of Canada
234:. Out of three choices, the maple leaf design by
2883:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2383:"Proposed Flag for Canada: Anatole Vanier, 1927"
1246:, with the Canadian flag on its tallest flagpole
1027:did, though, preside at an official ceremony at
3497:The Story of Canada's Flag: A Historical Sketch
2926:https://www.canadiancrown.com/did-you-know.html
2790:"Canada's flag debate flaps on, 50 years later"
2283:
2281:
2106:"Fleur-de-lys | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
1934:Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived from
1821:Canada's Army: Waging War and Keeping the Peace
1764:Canadian Coins: Collector and Maple Leaf Issues
605:bearing the French royal coat of arms with the
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2687:. St Francis Xavier University. Archived from
2084:New York State Historical Association (1915).
1624:. Queen's Printer for Canada. March 15, 2005.
1066:As a symbol of the nation's membership in the
915:, while the heraldic elements were painted in
4387:
4106:
3815:
3645:
2725:. National Archives of Canada. Archived from
1700:Ikonica: A Field Guide to Canada's Brandscape
1618:"Registration of the National Flag of Canada"
1503:
1501:
1499:
362:after 1901. The use of the maple leaf by the
8:
4065:Flags of provinces and territories of Canada
2455:"The history of the National Flag of Canada"
1850:"Understanding the Cemeteries and Monuments"
1434:"The history of the National Flag of Canada"
1231:, refusing to fly the Canadian flag at all.
1198:(a white cross on a field of blue with four
64:
38:
2978:"Dallaire slams decision to fly Red Ensign"
2748:
2746:
2744:
2037:. Government of Canada. December 31, 2002.
1824:. University of Toronto Press. p. 39.
1410:. Government of Canada. September 11, 2017.
923:was embossed and secured by a silk ribbon.
815:and selected by the parliamentary committee
686:The composite shield was replaced with the
493:, the red tone of the standard flag has an
440:. These colours became "entrenched" as the
4394:
4380:
4372:
4113:
4099:
4091:
3822:
3808:
3800:
3652:
3638:
3630:
3583:John Matheson's postcard to George Stanley
1696:Jeanette Hanna; Alan C. Middleton (2008).
3093:. Florida. March 14, 1998. Archived from
2820:"The real story behind the Canadian Flag"
1568:
1566:
1564:
1339:. In 1996, Minister of Canadian Heritage
1138:is the only one who retains this design.
501:The Flag of Canada is represented as the
460:FIP red: General Printing Ink, No. 0-712;
3064:Pellerin, Brigitte (February 25, 2022).
3032:"Why don't more Canadians fly the flag?"
2461:. Government of Canada. February 4, 2020
2369:
2288:Fraser, Alistair B. (January 30, 1998).
1970:
1956:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1436:. Government of Canada. August 28, 2017.
1420:
706:, the Red Ensign was viewed as Canada's
690:upon its grant in 1921, and in 1924, an
3685:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3465:Levine, Allan. "The Great Flag Debate"
2851:from the original on February 16, 2015.
2783:
2781:
2779:
2708:
2706:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2411:"Proposed Flag for Canada: Ephrem Côté"
2302:from the original on September 15, 2008
1985:. Canada's Four Corners. Archived from
1910:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 222.
1646:The flag was later registered with the
1519:from the original on December 20, 2008.
1399:
472:Sinclair and Valentine, No. RL163929/0.
192:to have been adopted by both houses of
3349:from the original on December 20, 2008
3283:from the original on November 18, 2011
2876:
2800:from the original on February 15, 2015
2788:Milewiski, Terry (February 15, 2015).
2588:"Wrong turns on the road of symbolism"
2041:from the original on December 20, 2016
1887:from the original on February 24, 2010
1793:. Storey Publishing, LLC. p. 69.
1598:from the original on February 15, 2015
1084:Canadian sovereign's official birthday
751:of 1956, for which he was awarded the
647:flag of the governor general of Canada
37:
3476:Canada's Flag: A Search for a Country
2839:
2837:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
895:. This was created in the form of an
7:
3172:. Canada: Global News. June 7, 2018.
2567:from the original on October 5, 2013
2009:"Government of Canada FIP Signature"
1862:from the original on April 18, 2014.
3417:Arnsby, Julia (February 15, 1997).
3259:"National Flag of Canada etiquette"
2764:from the original on April 15, 2012
2620:. Canadian Heritage. Archived from
1883:. Department of Canadian Heritage.
1704:. Douglas & McIntyre. pp.
1459:from the original on July 25, 2017.
1301:Canadian Parliamentary Flag Program
883:added its approval two days later.
177:), often referred to simply as the
3429:from the original on May 16, 2007.
3011:from the original on March 7, 2008
2536:from the original on April 4, 2008
2347:. Historica Canada. Archived from
2189:from the original on June 11, 2008
2073:from the original on June 6, 2017.
1838:from the original on July 4, 2014.
1807:from the original on July 4, 2014.
1628:from the original on July 27, 2016
1447:Richard Foot (February 13, 2014).
1283:to indicate a period of mourning.
1253:National Flag of Canada Etiquette,
1136:lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia
1102:Royal Standard of Canada (used by
617:, with the evolving variations of
532:REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER A
519:REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER C
370:extended back to 1860. During the
25:
4514:Flags adopted through competition
3567:– Department of Canadian Heritage
3565:National Flag of Canada etiquette
3561:– Department of Canadian Heritage
3394:Dee, Duncan (February 19, 1996).
3146:. August 15, 2017. Archived from
2794:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2011:. Industry Canada. Archived from
1766:. Charlton Press. p. intro.
1737:. Duke University Press. p.
1128:flag of Newfoundland and Labrador
4463:
4236:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3451:. Macfarlane Walter & Ross.
2950:. March 31, 2007. Archived from
2526:"The Great Canadian Flag Debate"
1908:Canada's Constitutional Monarchy
1549:Nelson, Phil (January 2, 2010).
1367:
1353:
1307:and the flag program run by the
1174:
1160:
873:Royal Military College of Canada
858:Royal Military College of Canada
856:and inspired by the flag of the
593:when he reached the later-named
463:Inmont Canada Ltd., No. 4T51577;
399:
385:
244:Royal Military College of Canada
103:
98:
93:
48:
3585:– St. Francis Xavier University
3579:– St. Francis Xavier University
3473:Matheson, Col. John R. (1980).
3423:Department of Canadian Heritage
3400:Department of Canadian Heritage
3343:Department of Canadian Heritage
2976:Peritz, Ingrid (July 9, 2007).
2758:Department of Canadian Heritage
1672:. Greenwood Press. p. 17.
1532:"Royal Union Flag (Union Jack)"
1530:Ken Reynolds (April 21, 1965).
1513:Department of Canadian Heritage
1305:Department of Canadian Heritage
1132:provincial lieutenant governors
962:Canadian Museum of Civilization
450:Department of Canadian Heritage
424:the Royal Arms of Canada, King
188:in the centre. It is the first
3604:The Great Canadian Flag Debate
3310:Department of National Defence
2110:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1472:Historical documents of Canada
1206:in the Acadian regions of the
1086:), and the anniversary of the
1078:(the second Monday in March),
989:in Ottawa, in the presence of
722:Legislative Assembly of Quebec
346:", which became an unofficial
1:
4489:1965 establishments in Canada
3715:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
3591:– Library and Archives Canada
3494:Stanley, George F.G. (1965).
3007:. CanLii. September 1, 2004.
2942:"Globe Editorial: Red Ensign"
2555:Ron Corbett (June 30, 2013).
1983:"The Eleven Point Maple Leaf"
1018:Minister of Canadian Heritage
938:(given on January 28, 1965),
444:upon the proclamation of the
342:composed the patriotic song "
4529:Vertically symmetrical flags
4361:United States Virgin Islands
2290:"A Canadian Flag for Canada"
2061:"🇨🇦 Flag for Canada Emoji"
1881:"Birth of the Canadian flag"
1315:and four other locations on
1281:flown at half-mast in Canada
977:The Canadian flag flying at
757:Canadian peacekeeping forces
319:a maple leaf of the first".
3479:. Mika Publishing Company.
2715:Library and Archives Canada
2586:Iain Reeve (May 21, 2007).
2175:"National Flag and Emblems"
1648:Canadian Heraldic Authority
1551:"Dictionary of Vexillology"
1337:National Flag of Canada Day
1269:governor general's standard
850:Library and Archives Canada
764:and former prime minister,
696:William Lyon Mackenzie King
630:British national flag, the
248:National Flag of Canada Day
242:, based on the flag of the
4545:
4504:National symbols of Canada
3661:National symbols of Canada
3225:. New York. Archived from
3091:South Florida Sun-Sentinel
2155:The Encyclopedia of Canada
1818:J. L. Granatstein (2011).
1555:Flags Of The World website
1309:Department of Public Works
1219:, the headquarters of the
919:with gilt highlights. The
735:Great Canadian flag debate
732:
546:
442:national colours of Canada
284:
228:debate about a flag change
175:Drapeau national du Canada
28:
4460:
4336:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3887:Newfoundland and Labrador
3620:"The Maple Leaf Forever?"
2685:"Dr. George F.G. Stanley"
2618:"Canadian Heritage Flags"
2345:The Canadian Encyclopedia
2341:"National Flag of Canada"
2209:"Foreign flags in Canada"
2137:land-claiming ceremonies.
1536:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1453:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1408:"National flag of Canada"
775:A flag design created by
466:Monarch Inks, No. 62539/0
214:national symbol of Canada
159:
56:
47:
43:
4494:Flags introduced in 1965
4356:Turks and Caicos Islands
3571:Flags (Heritage Minutes)
3530:Thorner, Thomas (2003).
2429:Mount Allison University
1509:"First "Canadian flags""
1143:Royal Standard of Canada
1124:flag of British Columbia
762:leader of the opposition
491:Federal Identity Program
446:Royal Standard of Canada
436:royal emblem since King
432:and the latter from the
236:Mount Allison University
3559:National Flag of Canada
3505:Thompson, Hugh (2002).
3445:Archbold, Rick (2002).
3150:on September 12, 2017.
3112:"Am I the only one ..."
2671:The House of Difference
2481:"The Great Flag Debate"
1279:. The Canadian flag is
1244:Hartland Covered Bridge
1068:Commonwealth of Nations
811:Flag design created by
783:, being Prime Minister
713:Archer Fortescue Duguid
364:Royal Canadian Regiment
267:Commonwealth of Nations
167:National Flag of Canada
4440:National coats of arms
4286:British Virgin Islands
4122:Flags of North America
3744:The Maple Leaf Forever
3606:– CBC Digital Archives
2908:"The Royal Union Flag"
1668:James Minahan (2009).
1650:on March 15, 2005 as "
1515:. September 24, 2007.
1383:List of Canadian flags
1296:
1247:
1111:
1088:Statute of Westminster
1082:(the same date as the
1063:
982:
931:
907:by Yvonne Diceman and
875:
816:
788:
688:coat of arms of Canada
683:
643:Canadian Confederation
621:being used over time.
611:Royal Banner of France
582:
579:royal banner of France
469:Rieger Inks, No. 25564
344:The Maple Leaf Forever
296:
174:
125:; 59 years ago
123:February 15, 1965
65:
4452:Dependent territories
4426:Dependent territories
4226:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3892:Northwest Territories
3469:94#6 (2014–15): 32–37
3217:(November 26, 1997).
3030:McGinn, Dave (2011).
2826:. February 16, 2015.
1580:on December 20, 2008.
1294:
1273:Canadian Royal Family
1242:
1101:
1092:National War Memorial
1058:
976:
929:
870:
810:
774:
674:in 1911, depicting a
665:
619:French military flags
564:
352:Canadian coat of arms
294:
4049:Lieutenant Governors
3912:Prince Edward Island
3762:A mari usque ad mare
3373:Government of Canada
3265:. February 24, 2022.
3183:Mignacca, Franca G.
2713:Grace, John (1990).
2598:on February 25, 2012
2491:on December 23, 2008
2351:on February 14, 2015
2264:Government of Canada
2213:Government of Canada
2185:. October 12, 2006.
2183:Government of Quebec
2159:. pp. 350–351.
1989:on February 11, 2012
1932:"You were asking..."
1762:W. K. Cross (2011).
1658:a maple leaf Gules".
1277:lieutenant governors
1150:Battle of Vimy Ridge
1061:Cartwright, Manitoba
921:Great Seal of Canada
587:Saint George's Cross
430:Saint George's Cross
358:and remained on the
154:George F. G. Stanley
4524:Canadian pale flags
4519:Red and white flags
4470:Heraldry portal
4241:Trinidad and Tobago
4136:Antigua and Barbuda
3536:. Broadview Press.
3345:. January 1, 2003.
2729:on October 21, 2012
2669:Eva Mackey (2002).
2624:on November 2, 2011
2295:The flags of Canada
2239:The Flags of Canada
2090:. The Association.
1654:on a Canadian pale
1045:Royal Canadian Mint
676:Canadian Red Ensign
656:Canadian Red Ensign
601:planted a cross in
553:Canadian Red Ensign
315:on a Canadian pale
255:Canadian Red Ensign
40:
4176:Dominican Republic
3599:Flags of the World
3589:Royal Proclamation
3573:– Historica Canada
3513:Dorling Kindersley
3448:I Stand For Canada
3406:on March 12, 2007.
3223:The New York Times
3195:on August 10, 2019
3170:The Canadian Press
3097:on July 17, 2023.
3070:The Ottawa Citizen
3036:The Globe and Mail
2983:The Globe and Mail
2954:on January 9, 2008
2947:The Globe and Mail
2235:"Royal Union Flag"
2179:Portrait of Québec
2150:W. Stewart Wallace
1729:Caren Irr (1998).
1480:St. Martin's Press
1449:"The Stanley Flag"
1324:and one each over
1297:
1287:Promoting the flag
1275:, or flags of the
1248:
1208:Maritime provinces
1112:
1070:and allegiance to
1064:
1035:, integrated with
1029:Confederation Park
1014:Conservative Party
1003:God Save the Queen
983:
932:
876:
838:Arthur R. M. Lower
817:
793:John Ross Matheson
789:
787:'s favoured design
684:
597:in 1497. In 1534,
583:
297:
281:Origins and design
57:The Canadian Flag
4476:
4475:
4369:
4368:
4258:other territories
4088:
4087:
3797:
3796:
3319:on March 25, 2009
3229:on May 27, 2015.
2435:on April 24, 2008
2425:"The Flag Debate"
2266:. August 28, 2017
1938:on April 30, 2010
1831:978-1-4426-1178-8
1800:978-1-61212-211-3
1787:Tim Herd (2012).
1773:978-0-88968-342-6
1715:978-1-55365-275-5
1679:978-0-313-34500-5
1229:Quebec Parliament
1130:. Several of the
1051:Alternative flags
954:royal sign-manual
862:Kingston, Ontario
785:Lester B. Pearson
779:, and dubbed the
753:Nobel Peace Prize
745:Lester B. Pearson
729:Great Flag Debate
376:Second World Wars
368:regimental symbol
253:Before 1965, the
224:Lester B. Pearson
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
4536:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4447:Sovereign states
4421:Sovereign states
4396:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4326:Saint Barthélemy
4256:Dependencies and
4129:Sovereign states
4115:
4108:
4101:
4092:
4044:Governor General
4018:Air Force Ensign
3872:British Columbia
3824:
3817:
3810:
3801:
3720:Sugar maple tree
3654:
3647:
3640:
3631:
3547:
3526:
3501:
3500:. Ryerson Press.
3490:
3467:Canada’s History
3462:
3431:
3430:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3402:. Archived from
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3375:. March 21, 2019
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3312:. Archived from
3307:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3215:DePalma, Anthony
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3191:. Archived from
3180:
3174:
3173:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:on July 17, 2023
3108:
3102:
3101:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3038:. Archived from
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2973:
2964:
2963:
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2929:
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2889:
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2841:
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2816:
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2785:
2774:
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2771:
2769:
2750:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2691:on March 3, 2016
2681:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:on March 9, 2014
2646:. Archived from
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2594:. Archived from
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2487:. Archived from
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2431:. Archived from
2421:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
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2231:
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2222:
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2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2015:on July 28, 2012
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1736:
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1720:
1719:
1703:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1665:
1659:
1644:
1638:
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1635:
1633:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1557:. CANADIAN PALE.
1546:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1505:
1494:
1493:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1221:Sûreté du Québec
1217:Quebec City Hall
1178:
1164:
1116:flags of Ontario
1076:Commonwealth Day
1047:, respectively.
991:Governor General
947:Attorney General
802:House of Commons
766:John Diefenbaker
704:Second World War
699:1931, and 1939.
692:Order in Council
533:
530:
527:
525:
520:
517:
514:
512:
403:
389:
263:Royal Union Flag
259:Order in Council
202:Canadian monarch
150:Designed by
133:
131:
126:
107:
102:
97:
68:
52:
41:
21:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4509:Flags of Canada
4479:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4464:
4462:
4456:
4435:
4409:
4400:
4370:
4365:
4259:
4257:
4250:
4124:
4119:
4089:
4084:
4053:
4027:
4001:
3931:
3858:
3851:
3833:
3828:
3798:
3793:
3784:Parliament Hill
3767:
3749:
3724:
3663:
3658:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3529:
3523:
3504:
3493:
3487:
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3305:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
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3257:
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3252:
3243:
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3208:
3198:
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3177:
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3159:
3142:
3141:
3137:
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3122:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3045:
3043:
3042:on July 6, 2012
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2914:on May 6, 2006.
2906:
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2835:
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2078:
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2028:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
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1497:
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1474:. Vol. 5.
1469:
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1446:
1445:
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1419:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1375:Heraldry portal
1373:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1317:Parliament Hill
1289:
1265:King's standard
1257:Canadian Forces
1237:
1196:provincial flag
1188:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1053:
1007:Maurice Bourget
1001:" followed by "
987:Parliament Hill
971:
893:Queen of Canada
889:
825:Social Crediter
781:Pearson Pennant
737:
731:
599:Jacques Cartier
589:was carried by
567:Jacques Cartier
559:
545:
540:
531:
528:
523:
522:
518:
515:
510:
509:
418:
417:
416:
415:
411:
410:
409:
404:
396:
395:
393:Arms of Ontario
390:
289:
283:
230:to replace the
196:and officially
129:
127:
124:
72:
34:
31:Flags of Canada
23:
22:
18:Maple Leaf flag
15:
12:
11:
5:
4542:
4540:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
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4506:
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4499:National flags
4496:
4491:
4481:
4480:
4474:
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4461:
4458:
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4455:
4454:
4449:
4443:
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4414:National flags
4411:
4410:
4403:National flags
4401:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:Sint Eustatius
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
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4291:Cayman Islands
4288:
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4268:
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4033:
4032:Personal flags
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
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4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
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4000:
3999:
3992:
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3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3831:Canadian flags
3829:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
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3740:
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3730:
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3723:
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3717:
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3707:
3702:
3697:
3695:Canadian horse
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
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3664:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3642:
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3607:
3601:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3554:
3553:External links
3551:
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3409:
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3232:confederation.
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1960:
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1482:. p. 28.
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1236:
1233:
1212:flag of Quebec
1182:Flag of Quebec
1180:
1173:
1172:
1168:Flag of Acadia
1166:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1108:King of Canada
1052:
1049:
1025:David Johnston
995:Georges Vanier
993:Major-General
970:
967:
943:Lester Pearson
940:Prime Minister
888:
885:
854:George Stanley
813:George Stanley
743:government of
733:Main article:
730:
727:
641:Shortly after
544:
541:
539:
536:
474:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
413:
412:
407:Arms of Quebec
405:
398:
397:
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384:
383:
382:
381:
380:
356:Canadian coins
340:Alexander Muir
282:
279:
240:George Stanley
221:Prime Minister
161:
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139:
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62:
61:The Maple Leaf
58:
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4407:coats of arms
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4246:United States
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3882:New Brunswick
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3857:Provinces and
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3680:National flag
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3486:0-919303-01-3
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3287:September 17,
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2723:The Archivist
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2370:Archbold 2002
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2265:
2261:
2260:"Early flags"
2255:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2215:. May 8, 2018
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2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:Archbold 2002
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:Matheson 1980
1953:
1950:
1937:
1933:
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1917:9781554889808
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950:Guy Favreau
905:calligraphy
897:illuminated
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3009:Archived
2958:March 2,
2879:cite web
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