Marc Lewis - Knowledge

330:

and habit formation that is destructive and difficult to break, but can be overcome through insight and self-empowerment. His views have sometimes been controversial. He has been critical of 12-step programs, saying that although the programs are effective for some people, they tend not to teach the psychological skills, including emotion regulation, needed to reduce or eliminate addictive substance use after leaving. He argues that the disease model is often used to justify expensive but ineffective treatment by rehabilitation clinics, and encourages passivity, fatalism, and pessimism in those seeking treatment. Nevertheless, he has said that he thinks the causes of addiction are best seen as somewhere between a compulsion and a choice, calling the two views a "

4205: 158: 687: 674: 661: 645: 629: 616: 603: 587: 571: 309:, where he studied cognitive and emotional development, developmental (cognitive) neuroscience, as well as child-clinical psychology, as well as the neuroscience of addiction. He earned a master's degree in applied psychology in 1986, and a Ph.D. in 1989. His thesis supervisor was Robbie Case, a professor of developmental psychology. He has called himself a "direct descendant" intellectually from Swiss psychologist 425:

is a combination of traditional memoir and treatise on the neuroscience of drug addiction. Lewis alternates between stories from his own life and explanations of how drugs affect the neurochemistry of the brain, using his own experience with addiction to illuminate and humanize the science. The book

329:

and other writing for the non-academic press, has also challenged the "disease model" of addiction, which Lewis says can be counterproductive toward recovery, though he acknowledges it has been helpful for many people. Instead, Lewis suggests that it is better described as a process of deep learning

376:

examines the neuroscience of addiction through in-depth case studies of five people living through addiction and recovery. The book is critical of the standard model of treating addiction as a disease. Instead, Lewis encourages the control or elimination of substance use and binge-eating disorders

482:

Lewis is author or co-author of more than 75 journal articles on developmental psychology, neuroscience, addiction and related topics. Beyond his academic writing, Lewis has written frequently for the mainstream news media on the topic of addiction. He wrote the column "Addicted Brains" for the

292:. Spiraling out of control, he lost his job and first marriage, and was expelled from graduate school. He began stealing drugs from labs and medical centers in Ontario, for which he was convicted and sentenced to probation. This experience led him to fight and eventually overcome his addiction. 316:

Lewis became an associate professor at the University of Toronto shortly after completing his Ph.D. in 1989, and became a full professor in 2000. In 2010, he and his wife Isabela Granic, who is also a research scientist in developmental psychopathology, moved to the Netherlands to teach at

205:

called "the most important study of addiction to be published for many years." He has argued that the standard view of addiction as a disease is misleading and even potentially harmful, suggesting instead that it is best viewed as a process of "deep learning." This has been controversial.

432:

called it "a smoothly entertaining interplay between lived experience and the particulars of brain activity." Writing for recovery-focused website The Fix, reviewer Walter Armstrong said that the book "may be the most original and illuminating addiction memoir since

463:, a guide for parents in training their young children in going to sleep at ages that work well, or not well, according to developmental stage theory. The book draws on both the couple's academic research and their experience as parents of twin boys. 192:

from 2010 to 2016. He is particularly focused on the study of addiction. His work is informed by his own experience of drug addiction, and is notable for its focus on neuroscience and the changes addiction causes in the brain. His books include

443:," saying that Lewis approached the topic of addiction with "supple intelligence and subtle style" and that Lewis' "unique perspective" as both an addict and a scientist made the book a standout in its genre "as over-the-top suspenseful as 1838: 1036:

Lewis, M.D., Granic, I., Lamm, C., Zelazo, P.D., Stieben, J., Todd, R.M., Moadab, I., & Pepler, D., "Changes in the neural bases of emotion regulation associated with clinical improvement in children with behavior problems",

2655: 324:

As a scientist, Lewis has specialized in researching the emotional development of children and adolescents and the questions of how and why the brain changes during addiction. His academic research, as well as

3974:

Granic, Isabela; O’Hara, Arland; Pepler, Debra; Lewis, Marc D. (2007-06-05). "A Dynamic Systems Analysis of Parent–child Changes Associated with Successful "Real-world" Interventions for Aggressive Children".

402:

called it a "intellectually authoritative yet controversial declaration that substance and behavioral dependencies are swiftly and deeply learned via the 'neural circuitry of desire.'" Richard Ferguson of

1046:

Todd, R.M., Lewis, M.D., Meusel, L.A., & Zelazo, P.D., "The time course of social-emotional processing in early childhood: ERP responses to facial affect and personal familiarity in a Go-Nogo task",

407:

praised the book's "very readable" writing style, saying that its "success lies in its ability to communicate complex ideas in a way that will engage you and move you and sometimes make you laugh."

1852: 3833:

Prencipe, Angela; Kesek, Amanda; Cohen, Julia; Lamm, Connie; Lewis, Marc D.; Zelazo, Philip David (2011). "Development of hot and cool executive function during the transition to adolescence".

3098: 1056:

Granic, I., O’Hara, A., Pepler, D., & Lewis, M.D., "A dynamic systems analysis of parent-child changes associated with successful “real-world” interventions for aggressive children",

2414: 2239: 2525: 2383: 3782:

Lamm, Connie; Granic, Isabela; Zelazo, Philip David; Lewis, Marc D. (2011). "Magnitude and chronometry of neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in subtypes of aggressive children".

1117:

Lamm, C., Zelazo, P.D., & Lewis, M.D., "Neural correlates of cognitive control in childhood and adolescence: Disentangling the contributions of age and executive function",

957:

Nenadovic, V., Garcia Dominguez, L., Lewis, M.D., Snead, O.C, Gorin, A., Perez Velazquez, J.L.,, "Transient coordinated activity within the developing brain's default network",

2993: 233:, but did not have a good experience there, becoming depressed and beginning his experimentation with drugs. By age 17, as a university student, he had begun using heroin. 820:"Is Addiction a Brain Disease? And Does It Matter?", P. Browning Hoffman Memorial Lecture in Law and Psychiatry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA, 15 March 2018 4250: 3721:

Woltering, Steven; Granic, Isabela; Lamm, Connie; Lewis, Marc David (2011). "Neural Changes Associated with Treatment Outcome in Children with Externalizing Problems".

2441: 2266: 1252:

Lewis, M.D., Koroshegyi, C., Douglas, L., & Kampe, K., "Age-specific associations between emotional responses to separation and cognitive performance in infancy",

2059: 1552: 948:

Prencipe, A., Kesek, A., Cohen, J., Lamm, C., Lewis, M.D., & Zelazo, P.D., "Development of hot and cool executive function during the transition to adolescence",

1000:

Chapman, H., Woltering, S., Lamm, C.& Lewis, M.D., "Hearts and minds: Coordination of neurocognitive and cardiovascular regulation in children and adolescents",

411:

agreed, saying "Even when presenting more technical information, Lewis shows a keen ability to put a human face on the most groundbreaking research into addiction."

1311: 991:

Todd, R.M., Evans, J.W., Morris, D., Lewis, M.D., & Taylor, M.J., "The changing face of emotion: Age related patterns of amygdala activation to salient faces",

939:

Lamm, C., Granic, I., Zelazo, P.D., & Lewis, M.D., "Magnitude and chronometry of neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in subtypes of aggressive children",

1198:

Evans, D.W., Lewis, M.D., & Iobst, E., "The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in normally developing compulsive behaviors and obsessive-compulsive disorder",

1081:

Stieben, J., Lewis, M.D., Granic, I., Zelazo, P.D., & Pepler, D., "Neurophysiological correlates of emotion regulation for subtypes of antisocial children",

4260: 2765: 3670:

Liu, Zhong-Xu; Woltering, Steven; Lewis, Marc D. (2014). "Developmental change in EEG theta activity in the medial prefrontal cortex during response control".

1126:

Lewis, M.D., Lamm, C., Segalowitz, S.J., Stieben, S., & Zelazo, P.D., "Neurophysiological correlates of emotion regulation in children and adolescents",

4275: 2587: 993: 2875: 1207:

Lewis, M.D., Zimmerman, S., Hollenstein, T., & Lamey, A.V., "Reorganization of coping behavior at 1 1/2 years: Dynamic systems and normative change",

1101: 3532: 1659: 3183: 4265: 209:

He has also written or co-written more than 75 journal articles and chapters on developmental psychology, neuroscience, addiction and related topics.

1334:

Lewis, M.D., "Biography of the first year: A case study integrating psychoanalytic, cognitive-developmental and mother-infant systems perspectives",

4285: 950: 930:

Woltering, S., Granic, I., Lamm, C., & Lewis, M.D., "Neural changes associated with treatment outcome in children with externalizing problems",

814:"Drugs, Desire, and Disease: Neuroscience and Addiction", public debate, David Winston Turner Endowment Fund, Melbourne, Australia, 21 October 2016 3350: 1243:

Lewis, M.D., & Granic, I., "Who put the self in self-organization? A clarification of terms and concepts for developmental psychopathology",

1009:

Lamm, C., & Lewis, M.D., "Developmental change in the neurophysiological correlates of self-regulation in high- and low-emotion conditions",

921:

Liu, X., Woltering, S., & Lewis, M.D., "Developmental change in EEG theta activity in the medial prefrontal cortex during response control",

1954: 1099:

Lewis, M.D., Granic, I., & Lamm, C., "Behavioral differences in aggressive children linked with neural mechanisms of emotion regulation",

553:

Lewis has been married three times. He and his current wife, Isabela Granic, have twin sons. He also has a daughter from his second marriage.

225:

in a middle-class Jewish family; his father was a doctor. He has a brother, Michael. His parents divorced in 1970. As a teenager, he attended

4255: 4245: 4144: 4113: 4080: 2665: 2033: 1897: 1799: 1776: 984: 439: 2180: 1182: 1058: 1463:

Lewis, M.D., & Todd, R., "Toward a Neuropsychological Model of Internal Dialogue: Implications for Theory and Clinical Practice", in

2710: 491: 1920: 1435:

Kesek, A., Zelazo, P.D., & Lewis M.D., "The Development of Executive Cognitive Function and Emotion Regulation in Adolescence", in

2476: 467:

reviewer Marilyn Linton noted that it is one of the few books on the topic to consider the importance of cognitive brain development.

388: 237: 76: 1065:

Lewis, M.D., & Todd, R.M., "The self-regulating brain: Cortical-subcortical feedback and the development of intelligent action",

4270: 4177: 3412: 3319: 3074: 2935: 1128: 1074:

Lewis, M.D., & Cook, M.L., "Changing habits of emotion regulation at transition points in infancy: A dynamic systems analysis",

2356:"Mind & Life XXVII: Craving, Desire and Addiction: The Role of Craving in the Cycle of Addictive Behavior; Speaker: Marc Lewis" 3876:

Nenadovic, Vera; Garcia Dominguez, Luis; Lewis, Marc D.; Snead, O.Carter; Gorin, Andriy; Perez Velazquez, Jose Luis (2010-09-28).

1234:

Lewis, M.D., Lamey, A.V., & Douglas, L., "A new dynamic systems method for the analysis of early socioemotional development",

1155: 1018:

Woltering, S., & Lewis, M.D., "Developmental pathways of emotion regulation in childhood: A neuropsychological perspective",

1470:

Lewis, M.D., "Interacting Time Scales in Personality (and Cognitive) Development: Intentions, Emotions, and Emergent Forms", in

1189:

Lewis, M.D., & Stieben, J., "Emotion regulation in the brain: Conceptual issues and directions for developmental research",

4235: 2293: 1725: 1400:

Woltering, S., & Lewis, M.D., "Changing the Neural Mechanism of Emotion Regulation in Children With Behavior Problems", in

1245: 1083: 1039: 905: 3474: 1491:

Lewis, M.D., "Emotional Self-organization at Three Time Scales"and "A New Approach to the Study of Emotional Development", in

3381: 1325:

Case, R., Hayward, S., Lewis, M.D., & Hurst, P., "Toward a neo-Piagetian theory of cognitive and emotional development",

1029: 966: 1477:

Lewis, M.D., & Ferrari, M. "Cognitive-emotional Self-organization in Personality Development and Personal Identity", in

1090:

Lewis, M.D., Todd, R.M., & Honsberger, M., "Event-related potential measures of emotion regulation in early childhood",

823:"Addiction as Learning: Narrowing Brains in Narrowing Environments", University of Bergen, Sogndal, Norway, 4 September 2019 1566: 4280: 4240: 1370: 1361: 1173: 1164: 1011: 226: 2415:"Pseudo-science and Bible-thumping, the worst of both worlds: The problem with rehab, AA and calling addiction a disease" 4160:

Woltering, Steven; Lewis, Marc D. (2011-02-22). "Conceptual Development and Emotion: A Neuropsychological Perspective".

2240:"Addiction is not a disease: A neuroscientist argues that it's time to change our minds on the roots of substance abuse" 2819: 1352: 1279: 1270: 1227: 1191: 1108:

Hollenstein, T., & Lewis, M.D., "A state space analysis of emotion and flexibility in parent-child interactions",

318: 120: 3443: 1414:

Lewis, M.D., Todd, R.M., & Xu, X., "The Development of Emotion Regulation: A Neuropsychological Perspective", in

973:

Lewis, M.D., & Liu, Z., "Three time scales of neural self-organization underlying basic and nonbasic emotions",

2622: 1498:

Lewis, M.D. "A Dynamic Systems Approach to Measuring Behavioural Flexibility in Early Personality Development", in

1216:

Lewis, M.D., "The dialogical brain: Contributions of emotional neurobiology to understanding the dialogical self",

1020: 464: 377:

through self-sustaining personal empowerment and an understanding of the psychology and neurobiology of addiction.

341:'s 2015 Nobel Conference, "Addiction: Exploring the Science and Experience of an Equal Opportunity Condition", the 1512:

Lewis, M.D., & Douglas, L., "A Dynamic Systems Approach to Cognition-emotion Interactions in Development", in

773:"Technophilia", discussion with Martin Ford, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2015, Sydney, Australia, 6 September 2015 3505: 2824: 2595: 2530: 1602: 1484:

Lewis, M.D., "Personal Pathways in the Development of Appraisal: A Complex Systems/stage Theory Perspective", in

1277:

Lewis, M.D., "Reconciling stage and specificity in neo-Piagetian theory: Self-organizing conceptual structures",

1153:

Lewis, M.D.& Todd, R.M., "Getting emotional: A neural perspective on emotion, intention, and consciousness",

784: 594: 507: 404: 338: 2905: 2559: 1162:

Lewis, M.D., "An emerging dialogue among social scientists and neuroscientists on the causal bases of emotion",

2910: 2792: 2497: 2126: 529: 105: 2994:"Addiction is not a disease: How AA and 12-step programs erect barriers while attempting to relieve suffering" 2360: 1309:

Lewis, M.D., & Ash, A.J., "Evidence for a neo-Piagetian stage transition in early cognitive development",

760: 578: 350: 1407:

Woltering, S., & Lewis, M.D., "Conceptual Development and Emotion: A Neuropsychological Perspective", in

1135:

Howe, M.L., & Lewis, M.D., "The importance of dynamic systems approaches for understanding development",

817:"A Brain Disease…or What?", debate with Nora Volkow, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, 9 January 2018 2212: 1386:

Lewis, M., "Brain Change in Addiction: Disease or Learning? Implications for Science, Policy, and Care", in

1180:

Lewis, M.D., "Trouble ahead: Predicting antisocial trajectories with dynamic systems concepts and methods",

444: 4225: 3152: 879:"The truth about the US ‘opioid crisis’ — prescriptions aren’t the problem", The Guardian, 7 November 2017 632: 1526:

Lewis, M.D., "Personality Self-organization: Cascading Constraints on Cognition-emotion Interaction", in

1225:

Lewis, M.D., "The promise of dynamic systems approaches for an integrated account of human development",

876:"Why are so many people dying from opiate overdoses? It’s our broken society", The Guardian, 10 July 2017 2442:"Addiction is more similar to racism than cancer, says neurologist who wrote about his past as a junkie" 2075: 1966: 1733: 1302: 1261: 1236: 1218: 1209: 1067: 1002: 932: 914: 306: 177: 115: 89: 4230: 2355: 1804: 1421:

Lewis, M.D., & Granic, I., "Phases of Social-emotional Development From Birth to School Age", in

1327: 1146: 1137: 941: 801:"London Thinks: Is Addiction a Disease?", interview/presentation at Conway Hall, London, 13 July 2016 2880: 2298: 2217: 1200: 519: 2153: 1813: 4051: 4008: 3815: 3764: 3703: 3595: 2743: 2388: 2303: 2095: 1843: 982:

Lewis, M.D., "Dopamine and the neural now: Essay and review of Addiction, a disorder of choice",

496: 181: 2657:

Emotion, Development, and Self-Organization: Dynamic Systems Approaches to Emotional Development

1493:

Emotion, Development, and Self-organization: Dynamic Systems Approaches to Emotional Development

736:

Emotion, Development, and Self-Organization: Dynamic Systems Approaches to Emotional Development

472:

Emotion, Development, and Self-Organization: Dynamic Systems Approaches to Emotional Development

1449:

Lewis, M.D., "Emotional Habits in Brain and Behavior: A Window on Personality Development", in

4173: 4140: 4109: 4076: 4043: 4000: 3992: 3956: 3915: 3897: 3858: 3850: 3807: 3799: 3756: 3748: 3695: 3687: 3652: 3634: 3587: 3579: 3162: 2735: 2727: 2661: 2627: 2029: 1988:"Memoir: How a 59-year-old neuroscientist and university professor fell prey to opiates—again" 1893: 1772: 1633: 1318:

Lewis, M.D., "Early infant-mother interaction as a predictor of problem solving in toddlers",

841:"Addiction Is a Bad Habit That Can Be Learned and Unlearned", New York Times, 10 February 2014 805: 652: 636: 434: 408: 1594: 1451:

Human Development in the Twenty-first Century: Visionary Policy Ideas From Systems Scientists

4165: 4035: 3984: 3946: 3905: 3889: 3842: 3791: 3738: 3730: 3679: 3642: 3626: 3571: 2719: 2687: 2451: 2393: 2099: 1930: 1848: 1268:

Lewis, M.D., "Cognition-emotion feedback and the self-organization of developmental paths",

1119: 1049: 859:"Why is the US banning kratom, the virtually harmless herb?", The Guardian, 9 September 2016 749: 721: 485: 342: 169:(born 1951) is a Canadian clinical psychologist, neuroscientist, academic, and author from 4210: 770:"Learning Addiction", Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2015, Sydney, Australia, 6 September 2015 3510: 2971: 2850: 2682: 2271: 2158: 2131: 1171:

Lewis, M.D., "Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic systems modeling",

575:"The Role of Craving in the Cycle of Addictive Behavior: Conversation with the Dalai Lama" 538: 513: 331: 289: 2820:"A few words of praise for Jordan Peterson: The controversial professor's uncommon sense" 2526:"Review of The Biology of Desire, by Marc Lewis: How addiction and brain science collide" 1505:

Lewis, M.D., & Granic, I., "Self-organization of Cognition-emotion Interactions", in

4204: 157: 3910: 3877: 3647: 3614: 2770: 2564: 2502: 2060:"Life Recovered: A neuroscientist recounts his personal experience with drug addiction" 975: 853:"Here’s why there are no good or bad drugs–not even heroin", The Guardian, 14 July 2016 429: 399: 2471: 1393:

Lewis, M., "Choice in Addiction: A Neural Tug of War Between Impulse and Insight", in

1286:

Lewis, M.D., "Early socioemotional predictors of cognitive competency at four years",

783:"Reflections on the Science and Experience Addiction", Nobel Conference on Addiction, 4219: 4055: 3951: 3934: 3683: 3599: 2747: 2446: 1557: 710: 337:

Lewis has been a frequent speaker on topics of addiction and neuroscience, including

285: 230: 202: 4012: 3819: 1987: 1692: 1519:

Lewis, M.D., & Junyk, N., "The Self-organization of Psychological Defenses", in

1293:

Lewis, M.D., "A neo-Piagetian interpretation of Melanie Klein's theory of infancy",

1027:

Thompson, R.A., Lewis, M.D., & Calkins, S.D., "Reassessing emotion regulation",

3768: 3734: 3707: 3537: 3479: 3448: 3417: 3386: 3355: 3324: 3188: 2940: 1992: 1925: 1738: 1664: 534: 384: 56: 2267:"This Neuroscientist Argues That Addiction Is Not a Disease and Rehab Is Bullshit" 2025:

Bedtiming: The Parent's Guide to Getting Your Child to Sleep at Just the Right Age

729:

Bedtiming: The Parent's Guide to Getting Your Child to Sleep at Just the Right Age

461:

Bedtiming: The Parent's Guide to Getting Your Child to Sleep at Just the Right Age

4103: 4070: 2498:"Nonfiction: The Biology Of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not A Disease by Marc Lewis" 2023: 1887: 1766: 1628: 3795: 3562:

Lewis, Marc (2018-10-18). "Brain Change in Addiction as Learning, Not Disease".

2966: 2708:

Lewis, Marc (2018-10-18). "Brain Change in Addiction as Learning, Not Disease".

1889:

Memoirs of an Addicted Brain: A Neuroscientist Examines his Former Life on Drugs

1092: 764: 755:"The Role of Craving in the Cycle of Addictive Behavior", conversation with the 718:

Memoirs of an Addicted Brain: A Neuroscientist Examines his Former Life on Drugs

423:

Memoirs of an Addicted Brain: A Neuroscientist Examines his Former Life on Drugs

354: 310: 189: 3846: 4169: 3988: 3893: 3878:"Transient coordinated activity within the developing brain's default network" 3630: 3291: 3264: 3237: 3210: 3125: 3046: 3019: 2327: 1368:

Ramsay, J.T., & Lewis, M.D. "Causal status of emotions in consciousness",

923: 756: 690: 677: 664: 648: 619: 606: 590: 574: 346: 218: 84: 4047: 3996: 3960: 3901: 3854: 3803: 3752: 3691: 3638: 3583: 2936:"Why are so many people dying from opiate overdoses? It's our broken society" 2731: 2617: 1442:

Todd, R.M., & Lewis, M.D., "Self-regulation in the Developing Brain", in

3103: 2998: 2539: 2419: 2244: 2190: 1144:

Lewis, M.D., "Self-organizing individual differences in brain development",

791: 542: 474:, part of the series Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional Development. 269: 4004: 3919: 3862: 3811: 3760: 3699: 3656: 3591: 3533:"The truth about the US 'opioid crisis' — prescriptions aren't the problem" 2739: 1300:

Lewis, M.D., "Emotion-cognition interactions in early infant development",

804:"The Neuroscience of Addiction: Development, Not Disease", presentation at 3575: 2723: 1437:

Adolescent Emotional Development and the Emergence of Depressive Disorders

3211:"DRUGS, DESIRE & DISEASE -neuroscience & addiction public debate" 2797: 2181:"Why addiction isn't a disease but instead the result of 'deep learning'" 1839:"The question isn't why some people become addicts, but why we all don't" 856:"Is addiction really a disease?", The Observer/The Guardian, 24 July 2016 501: 245: 241: 185: 4198: 1660:"Marc Lewis: the neuroscientist who believes addiction is not a disease" 150: 3296: 3269: 3242: 3215: 3157: 3130: 3051: 3024: 2185: 2071: 2067: 1997: 1962: 1110: 850:"Why it’s wrong to call addiction a disease", The Guardian, 7 June 2016 273: 222: 170: 4039: 3743: 2876:"Why the Disease Definition of Addiction Does Far More Harm Than Good" 3542: 3484: 3453: 3422: 3391: 3360: 3329: 2945: 2535: 1809: 1669: 1562: 964:

Lewis, M.D., "Dynamic systems approaches: Cool enough? Hot enough?",

844:"Why we’re hardwired to hate uncertainty", The Guardian, 4 April 2016 281: 3184:"Tricks of the mind with David Means and Marc Lewis – books podcast" 2560:"Biography & Memoir: Memoirs Of An Addicted Brain by Marc Lewis" 1521:

The Psychological Meaning of Chaos: Translating Theory Into Practice

4026:

Lewis, Marc D. (2011). "The Slippery Slope of Downward Causation".

2845: 882:"Why the disease model of addiction does far more harm than good", 847:"What LSD tells us about human nature", The Guardian, 15 April 2016 3075:"The MWS Podcast 78: Marc Lewis on why addiction is not a disease" 3020:"Marc Lewis: Learning Addiction, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2015" 1472:

Microdevelopment: Transition Processes in Development and Learning

620:"Overcoming Addiction with Neuroscience & IFS: Dr. Marc Lewis" 265: 261: 257: 253: 903:

Lewis, M., "Brain change in addiction as learning, not disease",

1528:

Dynamics and Indeterminism in Developmental and Social Processes

1500:

The Strengths of Children: Education Between Risk and Resilience

1458:

Cognitive Developmental Change: Theories, Models and Measurement

1428:

Lewis, M.D., "Desire, Dopamine, and Conceptual Development", in

912:

Lewis, M., "Addiction and the brain: Development, not disease",

268:. Through his 20s, Lewis used a variety of substances including 249: 1629:"Review: The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease" 1456:

Lewis, M.D. "The Emergence of Mind in the Emotional Brain", in

811:"Tricks of the Mind", Guardian Books podcast, 12 September 2016 1430:

Child Development at the Intersection of Emotion and Cognition

1423:

The Developmental Relations Between Mind, Brain, and Education

1359:

Lewis, M.D. "Self-organizing brains don't develop gradually",

277: 4162:

The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development

4135:

Hermans, Dirk; Rimé, Bernard; Mesquita, Batja (2013-02-21).

3475:"Why is the US banning kratom, the virtually harmless herb?" 2766:"Addiction Is a Bad Habit That Can Be Learned and Unlearned" 1409:

The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development

869:"We need ecstasy and opioids in place of Prozac and Xanax", 313:, whose work was a strong influence on both Case and Lewis. 3413:"Here's why there are no good or bad drugs–not even heroin" 3099:"Is addiction a disease? Two experts weigh in on the issue" 2384:"Why this neuroscientist thinks addiction is not a disease" 2017: 2015: 2013: 3506:"We need ecstasy and opioids in place of Prozac and Xanax" 240:

in 1975, Lewis traveled for two years in Asia, including

2967:"Addiction Is Not a Brain Disease, and That's Good News" 1479:

Identity and Emotions: A Self-organizational Perspective

1350:

Lewis, M.D. "The slippery slope of downward causation",

591:"Reflections on the Science and Experience of Addiction" 459:

With his wife Isabela Granic, he co-wrote the 2010 book

3983:(5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 845–857. 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1553:"Addiction and the 'recovery' gurus who profit from it" 4069:

Heather, N.; Field, M.; Moss, A.C.; Satel, S. (2022).

3935:"Dynamic Systems Approaches: Cool Enough? Hot Enough?" 3273:. University of Virginia School of Law. March 13, 2018 3047:"Technophilia Panel, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2015" 2328:"Addiction and Trust: Marc Lewis at TEDxRadboudU 2013" 1955:"There Is No Magic Formula When Quitting an Addiction" 667:: March 13, 2018, University of Virginia School of Law 607:"Addiction and Trust: Marc Lewis at TEDxRadboudU 2013" 3888:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 45–53. 1768:

The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease

1259:

Lewis, M.D., "Self-organising cognitive appraisals",

707:

The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease

693:: September 6, 2015, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2015 680:: September 6, 2015, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2015 374:

The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction is Not a Disease

3625:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 7–18. 1444:

Child Neuropsychology: Concepts, Theory and Practice

790:"Is Addiction a Disease?", debate with George Koob, 3615:"Addiction and the Brain: Development, Not Disease" 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 563: 145: 127: 111: 101: 96: 83: 72: 67: 52: 44: 36: 28: 21: 3219:. Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub. 2016-10-21 2793:"Neuroscientist Marc Lewis on His First Acid Trip" 2646: 2644: 1921:"Neuroscientist peers into own drug-altered brain" 1760: 1758: 4105:Addiction and Choice: Rethinking the Relationship 2869: 2867: 1395:Addiction and Choice: Rethinking the Relationship 3570:(16). Massachusetts Medical Society: 1551–1560. 2899: 2897: 2718:(16). Massachusetts Medical Society: 1551–1560. 2120: 2118: 2116: 2053: 2051: 236:After earning a bachelor's degree in music from 4164:. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 45–63. 4072:Evaluating the Brain Disease Model of Addiction 2929: 2927: 1388:Evaluating the Brain Disease Model of Addiction 1312:International Journal of Behavioral Development 2350: 2348: 1948: 1946: 1653: 1651: 828:Articles for mainstream news and science press 426:was based on journals Lewis kept from age 17. 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 345:2013 conference. and a conversation with the 8: 3382:"Why it's wrong to call addiction a disease" 2322: 2320: 1623: 1621: 1619: 994:Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 577:: October 28, 2013, Mind & Life XXVII, 489:from 2012 to 2018. He has also written for 470:He and Granic also co-edited the 2002 book 4203: 2759: 2757: 1687: 1685: 1523:(American Psychological Association, 1997) 1432:(American Psychological Association, 2010) 1102:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 217:Lewis was born in 1951 and grew up in the 156: 18: 4251:University of California, Berkeley alumni 3950: 3909: 3742: 3646: 3320:"Why we're hardwired to hate uncertainty" 3055:. Festival of Dangerous Ideas. 2015-09-06 3028:. Festival of Dangerous Ideas. 2015-09-06 2294:"Positive steps in confronting addiction" 1832: 1830: 780:podcast with Barry Daniel, 4 October 2015 734:Marc Lewis and Isabela Granic (editors), 305:Lewis returned to graduate school at the 3835:Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 3126:"London Thinks: Is Addiction a Disease?" 2022:Lewis, Marc D.; Granic, Isabela (2010). 1320:International Journal of Early Childhood 951:Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 16:Canadian psychology professor and author 1543: 1514:What Develops in Emotional Development? 1295:Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought 593:: Oct. 8, 2015, Nobel Conference 51 at 264:. There, his addiction came to include 3351:"What LSD tells us about human nature" 3163:The Royal Institution of Great Britain 2654:; Granic, Isabela, eds. (2002-10-28). 806:The Royal Institution of Great Britain 653:The Royal Institution of Great Britain 637:The Royal Institution of Great Britain 560: 256:, and a nine-month stint studying the 2524:Ferguson, Richard (August 29, 2015). 1726:"Marc David Lewis (Curriculum Vitae)" 985:Perspectives on Psychological Science 622:: May 9, 2021, The Weekend University 440:Confessions of an English Opium-Eater 7: 4261:Tabor Academy (Massachusetts) alumni 3977:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2179:Valentish, Jenny (August 20, 2015). 2154:"Is Addiction A Habit Or A Disease?" 1465:The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy 1183:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1059:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 321:. He retired from academia in 2016. 4276:21st-century Canadian psychologists 2711:The New England Journal of Medicine 492:The New England Journal of Medicine 353:'s 2013 conference on addiction in 3300:. University of Bergen. 2019-09-04 2588:"Interview With an Addicted Brain" 2477:Association of American Publishers 1495:(Cambridge University Press, 2000) 1481:(Cambridge University Press, 2001) 1474:(Cambridge University Press, 2002) 1460:(Cambridge University Press, 2005) 1453:(Cambridge University Press, 2007) 1439:(Cambridge University Press, 2009) 1076:Journal of Developmental Processes 776:"Why Addiction Is Not a Disease", 738:(Cambridge University Press, 2002) 389:Association of American Publishers 77:University of California, Berkeley 14: 3246:. SA Drug Policy Week. 2018-01-09 3073:Daniel, Barry (October 4, 2015). 2265:Sharma, Neil (December 4, 2015). 2058:Macdonald, Cynthia (2011-12-08). 1507:Handbook of Cognition and Emotion 1416:Handbook of Life-Span Development 1129:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 238:University of California—Berkeley 4266:Canadian social sciences writers 3952:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00190.x 3684:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.054 3444:"Is addiction really a disease?" 2586:Armstrong, Walter (2012-05-23). 2292:DeGurse, Carl (March 27, 2021). 1336:Early Child Development and Care 1156:Journal of Consciousness Studies 685: 678:"Marc Lewis: Learning Addiction" 672: 659: 643: 627: 614: 601: 585: 569: 4286:Canadian clinical psychologists 4102:Heather, N.; Segal, G. (2017). 3564:New England Journal of Medicine 3265:"Is Addiction a Brain Disease?" 3153:"The Neuroscience of Addiction" 1953:Lewis, Marc (January 3, 2018). 1919:Hunter, Jennifer (2011-10-14). 1551:Thompson, Damian (2016-08-20). 1488:(Oxford University Press, 2001) 1397:(Oxford University Press, 2013) 1246:Development and Psychopathology 1084:Development and Psychopathology 1040:Development and Psychopathology 906:New England Journal of Medicine 834:"Dopamine: Duality of Desire", 727:Marc Lewis and Isabela Granic, 665:"Is Addiction a Brain Disease?" 633:"The Neuroscience of Addiction" 3939:Child Development Perspectives 3735:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.029 2660:. Cambridge University Press. 2616:Linton, Marilyn (2009-04-07). 2382:Sachgau, Oliver (2015-07-10). 2211:Vintiadis, Elly (2017-11-08). 2152:Siegel, Zachary (2015-07-19). 2064:University of Toronto Magazine 1959:University of Toronto Magazine 1800:""Addiction is not a disease"" 1798:Freeman, Hilary (2016-07-21). 1502:(Ernst-Reinhardt-Verlag, 1999) 1486:Appraisal Processes in Emotion 1030:Child Development Perspectives 967:Child Development Perspectives 892:Selected academic publications 557:Selected work and publications 525:University of Toronto Magazine 1: 3933:Lewis, Marc D. (2011-07-15). 2906:"Dopamine: Duality of Desire" 1658:Davey, Melissa (2015-08-30). 1371:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1362:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1174:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1165:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1012:Developmental Neuropsychology 4256:University of Toronto people 4246:University of Toronto alumni 4034:(2). S. Karger AG: 101–105. 2440:Brean, Joseph (2015-08-15). 2238:Miller, Laura (2015-06-27). 416:Memoirs of an Addicted Brain 195:Memoirs of an Addicted Brain 136:Memoirs of an Addicted Brain 4108:. Oxford University Press. 3841:(3). Elsevier BV: 621–637. 3796:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06.008 3790:(2). Elsevier BV: 159–169. 3729:(9). Elsevier BV: 873–879. 2413:Yiin, Wesley (2015-07-25). 319:Radboud University Nijmegen 201:, which Damian Thompson of 182:Radboud University Nijmegen 121:Radboud University Nijmegen 32:1951 (age 72–73) 4302: 3847:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.09.008 3613:Lewis, Marc (2017-01-11). 3531:Lewis, Marc (2017-11-07). 3504:Lewis, Marc (2017-05-17). 3473:Lewis, Marc (2016-09-09). 3442:Lewis, Marc (2016-07-24). 3411:Lewis, Marc (2016-07-14). 3380:Lewis, Marc (2016-06-07). 3349:Lewis, Marc (2016-04-15). 3318:Lewis, Marc (2016-04-04). 3238:"Volkow Lewis Debate 2018" 2992:Lewis, Marc (2015-07-11). 2934:Lewis, Marc (2017-07-10). 2904:Lewis, Marc (2012-05-01). 2874:Lewis, Marc (2018-02-09). 2818:Lewis, Marc (April 2018). 2791:Lewis, Marc (2012-03-19). 2764:Lewis, Marc (2014-02-10). 2623:The Kingston Whig-Standard 2125:Lewis, Marc (2016-12-14). 1986:Lewis, Marc (2011-11-10). 1021:Mind, Brain, and Education 609:: May 29, 2013, TEDx Talks 229:, a preparatory school in 176:He was a professor at the 4170:10.1002/9781444390933.ch3 3989:10.1007/s10802-007-9133-4 3894:10.1007/s11571-010-9137-6 3631:10.1007/s12152-016-9293-4 2825:Literary Review of Canada 2531:The Sydney Morning Herald 2361:Mind & Life Institute 2213:"Is Addiction a Disease?" 1837:Brown, Ian (2011-09-30). 1603:Gustavus Adolphus College 1467:(Brunner-Routledge, 2004) 785:Gustavus Adolphus College 761:Mind & Life Institute 759:, Mind & Life XXVII, 684: 671: 658: 649:"Q&A with Marc Lewis" 642: 626: 613: 600: 595:Gustavus Adolphus College 584: 579:Mind & Life Institute 568: 508:Literary Review of Canada 405:The Sydney Morning Herald 351:Mind & Life Institute 339:Gustavus Adolphus College 141: 63: 4271:Canadian neuroscientists 4075:. Taylor & Francis. 3678:. Elsevier BV: 873–887. 1404:(Psychology Press, 2013) 1288:Developmental Psychology 1254:Developmental Psychology 387:for Psychology from the 151:memoirsofanaddictedbrain 106:Developmental psychology 4211:Marc Lewis YouTube page 3882:Cognitive Neurodynamics 3292:"Fagdag om avhengighet" 1697:Understanding Addiction 1446:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2008) 1411:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) 959:Cognitive Neurodynamics 862:"The addiction habit", 750:TEDx–Radboud University 748:"Addiction and Trust", 398:were largely positive. 92:(MA, 1986; Ph.D., 1989) 4236:Academics from Ontario 731:(The Experiment, 2010) 465:Kingston Whig-Standard 180:from 1989 to 2010 and 3945:(4). Wiley: 279–285. 3723:Biological Psychiatry 3576:10.1056/nejmra1602872 2724:10.1056/nejmra1602872 2127:"The addiction habit" 2076:University of Toronto 1967:University of Toronto 1734:University of Toronto 1303:Cognition and Emotion 1262:Cognition and Emotion 1237:Developmental Science 1219:Theory and Psychology 1210:Developmental Science 1068:Cognitive Development 1003:Biological Psychology 942:Brain & Cognition 933:Biological Psychiatry 396:The Biology of Desire 381:The Biology of Desire 367:The Biology of Desire 327:The Biology of Desire 307:University of Toronto 301:Teaching and research 199:The Biology of Desire 178:University of Toronto 132:The Biology of Desire 116:University of Toronto 90:University of Toronto 4281:Writers on addiction 4241:Writers from Toronto 2332:TEDx Talks (YouTube) 1892:. Doubleday Canada. 1886:Lewis, Marc (2011). 1805:The Jewish Chronicle 1765:Lewis, Marc (2015). 1328:Developmental Review 1147:Developmental Review 1138:Developmental Review 691:"Technophilia Panel" 449:The Night of the Gun 59:for Psychology, 2016 3784:Brain and Cognition 2881:Scientific American 2299:Winnipeg Free Press 2218:Scientific American 1599:Nobel Conference 51 1201:Brain and Cognition 884:Scientific American 520:Scientific American 68:Academic background 3079:Middle Way Society 2389:The Globe and Mail 2364:. October 28, 2013 2304:Winnipeg, Manitoba 2096:"Marc Lewis Ph.D." 2028:. The Experiment. 1844:The Globe and Mail 866:, 14 December 2016 765:Dharamshala, India 743:Talks and lectures 497:The New York Times 355:Dharamshala, India 4146:978-1-84872-136-4 4137:Changing Emotions 4115:978-0-19-872722-4 4082:978-1-000-54006-2 4040:10.1159/000327679 4028:Human Development 2683:"Addicted Brains" 2667:978-0-521-52527-5 2628:Kingston, Ontario 2035:978-1-61519-114-7 1899:978-0-385-66926-9 1778:978-1-61039-438-3 1771:. PublicAffairs. 1634:Publishers Weekly 1595:"Marc Lewis, PhD" 1402:Changing Emotions 1380:Chapters in books 1353:Human Development 1280:Human Development 1271:Human Development 1228:Child Development 1192:Child Development 886:, 9 February 2018 767:, 28 October 2013 697: 696: 651:: Dec. 10, 2016, 635:: Dec. 10, 2016, 435:Thomas De Quincey 421:Lewis' 2011 book 409:Publishers Weekly 372:Lewis' 2015 book 164: 163: 4293: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4199:Official website 4184: 4183: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4023: 4017: 4016: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3954: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3913: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3746: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3650: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3367: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2931: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2918: 2901: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2871: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2761: 2752: 2751: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2688:Psychology Today 2678: 2672: 2671: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2594:. Archived from 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2452:Toronto, Ontario 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2394:Toronto, Ontario 2379: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2352: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2324: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2311: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2122: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2100:Psychology Today 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2055: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2019: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2004: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1950: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1931:Toronto, Ontario 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1883: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1851:. Archived from 1849:Toronto, Ontario 1834: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1812:. Archived from 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1762: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1737:. Archived from 1730: 1722: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1703: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1655: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1625: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1591: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1565:. Archived from 1548: 1425:(Springer, 2010) 1390:(Routledge, 202) 1120:Neuropsychologia 1050:Neuropsychologia 897:Journal articles 787:, 7 October 2015 722:Doubleday Canada 689: 688: 676: 675: 663: 662: 647: 646: 631: 630: 618: 617: 605: 604: 589: 588: 573: 572: 561: 486:Psychology Today 221:neighborhood of 171:Toronto, Ontario 160: 155: 152: 23:Marc David Lewis 19: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4216: 4215: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4188: 4187: 4180: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4025: 4024: 4020: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3547: 3545: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3516: 3514: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3487: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3456: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3396: 3394: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3363: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3332: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3274: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3249: 3247: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3195: 3193: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3166: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3110: 3108: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3058: 3056: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3029: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2977: 2975: 2972:Huffington Post 2964: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2948: 2933: 2932: 2925: 2916: 2914: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2886: 2884: 2873: 2872: 2865: 2856: 2854: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2830: 2828: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2803: 2801: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2774: 2763: 2762: 2755: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2693: 2691: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2650: 2649: 2642: 2633: 2631: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2601: 2599: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2571: 2569: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2544: 2542: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2507: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2482: 2480: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2456: 2454: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2425: 2423: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2365: 2354: 2353: 2346: 2337: 2335: 2326: 2325: 2318: 2309: 2307: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2275: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2223: 2221: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2194: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2164: 2162: 2159:The Daily Beast 2151: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2135: 2124: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2103: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2080: 2078: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2021: 2020: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1969: 1952: 1951: 1944: 1935: 1933: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1885: 1884: 1867: 1858: 1856: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1819: 1817: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1764: 1763: 1756: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1710: 1701: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1627: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1606: 1593: 1592: 1581: 1572: 1570: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1533: 1530:(Erlbaum, 1997) 1382: 1377: 1346: 1341: 899: 894: 889: 830: 796:Out In the Open 745: 702: 686: 673: 660: 644: 628: 615: 602: 586: 570: 564:External videos 559: 551: 539:Huffington Post 480: 457: 419: 370: 363: 332:false dichotomy 303: 298: 290:methamphetamine 215: 190:the Netherlands 149: 134: 119: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4192: 4191:External links 4189: 4186: 4185: 4178: 4152: 4145: 4127: 4114: 4094: 4081: 4061: 4018: 3966: 3925: 3868: 3825: 3774: 3713: 3662: 3605: 3554: 3523: 3496: 3465: 3434: 3403: 3372: 3341: 3310: 3283: 3256: 3229: 3202: 3175: 3144: 3117: 3090: 3065: 3038: 3011: 2984: 2957: 2923: 2893: 2863: 2837: 2810: 2783: 2771:New York Times 2753: 2700: 2673: 2666: 2652:Lewis, Marc D. 2640: 2608: 2578: 2565:Kirkus Reviews 2551: 2516: 2503:Kirkus Reviews 2489: 2472:"2016 Winners" 2463: 2432: 2405: 2374: 2344: 2316: 2284: 2257: 2230: 2203: 2171: 2144: 2112: 2087: 2047: 2034: 2009: 1978: 1942: 1911: 1898: 1865: 1826: 1790: 1777: 1754: 1708: 1681: 1647: 1615: 1579: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1524: 1517: 1516:(Plenum, 1998) 1510: 1503: 1496: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1433: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1375: 1366: 1357: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1332: 1323: 1316: 1307: 1298: 1291: 1284: 1275: 1266: 1257: 1250: 1241: 1232: 1223: 1214: 1205: 1196: 1187: 1178: 1169: 1160: 1151: 1142: 1133: 1124: 1115: 1106: 1097: 1088: 1079: 1072: 1063: 1054: 1044: 1034: 1025: 1016: 1007: 998: 989: 980: 976:Emotion Review 971: 962: 955: 946: 937: 928: 919: 910: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 887: 880: 877: 874: 867: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 831: 829: 826: 825: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 808:, 14 July 2016 802: 799: 788: 781: 778:The Middle Way 774: 771: 768: 753: 744: 741: 740: 739: 732: 725: 714: 701: 698: 695: 694: 682: 681: 669: 668: 656: 655: 640: 639: 624: 623: 611: 610: 598: 597: 582: 581: 566: 565: 558: 555: 550: 547: 479: 476: 456: 453: 430:Kirkus Reviews 418: 413: 400:Kirkus Reviews 369: 364: 362: 359: 302: 299: 297: 294: 214: 211: 162: 161: 147: 143: 142: 139: 138: 129: 125: 124: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 94: 93: 87: 81: 80: 74: 70: 69: 65: 64: 61: 60: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 40:Isabela Granic 38: 34: 33: 30: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4298: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4226:Living people 4224: 4223: 4221: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4181: 4179:9781444390933 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4128: 4117: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4098: 4095: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3778: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3666: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3527: 3524: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3466: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3435: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3404: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3373: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3342: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3314: 3311: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3080: 3076: 3069: 3066: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2965:Lewis, Marc. 2961: 2958: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2913: 2912: 2911:The Scientist 2907: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2811: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2784: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2704: 2701: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2681:Lewis, Marc. 2677: 2674: 2669: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2612: 2609: 2598:on 2012-06-02 2597: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2579: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2447:National Post 2443: 2436: 2433: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2409: 2406: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2378: 2375: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2288: 2285: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2261: 2258: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2234: 2231: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2207: 2204: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2172: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2148: 2145: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2037: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2010: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1979: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1915: 1912: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1855:on 2011-10-03 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1816:on 2016-07-22 1815: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1794: 1791: 1780: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1744:on 2023-05-26 1740: 1736: 1735: 1727: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1698: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1569:on 2016-08-21 1568: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1558:The Spectator 1554: 1547: 1544: 1537: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1509:(Wiley, 1999) 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1418:(Wiley, 2010) 1417: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1005: 1004: 999: 996: 995: 990: 987: 986: 981: 978: 977: 972: 969: 968: 963: 960: 956: 953: 952: 947: 944: 943: 938: 935: 934: 929: 926: 925: 920: 917: 916: 911: 908: 907: 902: 901: 896: 891: 885: 881: 878: 875: 873:, 15 May 2017 872: 868: 865: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 836:The Scientist 833: 832: 827: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 803: 800: 798:, 9 July 2016 797: 793: 789: 786: 782: 779: 775: 772: 769: 766: 762: 758: 754: 752:, 29 May 2013 751: 747: 746: 742: 737: 733: 730: 726: 723: 719: 715: 712: 711:PublicAffairs 708: 704: 703: 699: 692: 683: 679: 670: 666: 657: 654: 650: 641: 638: 634: 625: 621: 612: 608: 599: 596: 592: 583: 580: 576: 567: 562: 556: 554: 549:Personal life 548: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 531: 530:The Scientist 526: 522: 521: 516: 515: 510: 509: 504: 503: 498: 494: 493: 488: 487: 478:Other writing 477: 475: 473: 468: 466: 462: 454: 452: 450: 446: 442: 441: 436: 431: 427: 424: 417: 414: 412: 410: 406: 401: 397: 392: 390: 386: 383:received the 382: 378: 375: 368: 365: 360: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 335: 333: 328: 322: 320: 314: 312: 308: 300: 295: 293: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 234: 232: 231:Massachusetts 228: 227:Tabor Academy 224: 220: 212: 210: 207: 204: 203:The Spectator 200: 196: 191: 187: 183: 179: 174: 172: 168: 159: 154: 148: 144: 140: 137: 133: 130: 128:Notable works 126: 122: 117: 114: 110: 107: 104: 100: 97:Academic work 95: 91: 88: 86: 82: 78: 75: 71: 66: 62: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 31: 27: 20: 4161: 4155: 4136: 4130: 4119:. Retrieved 4104: 4097: 4086:. Retrieved 4071: 4064: 4031: 4027: 4021: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3546:. Retrieved 3538:The Guardian 3536: 3526: 3515:. Retrieved 3509: 3499: 3488:. Retrieved 3480:The Guardian 3478: 3468: 3457:. Retrieved 3449:The Guardian 3447: 3437: 3426:. Retrieved 3418:The Guardian 3416: 3406: 3395:. Retrieved 3387:The Guardian 3385: 3375: 3364:. Retrieved 3356:The Guardian 3354: 3344: 3333:. Retrieved 3325:The Guardian 3323: 3313: 3302:. Retrieved 3295: 3286: 3275:. Retrieved 3268: 3259: 3248:. Retrieved 3241: 3232: 3221:. Retrieved 3214: 3205: 3194:. Retrieved 3192:. 2016-09-12 3189:The Guardian 3187: 3178: 3167:. Retrieved 3165:. 2016-12-10 3156: 3147: 3136:. Retrieved 3134:. 2016-07-14 3129: 3120: 3109:. Retrieved 3107:. 2016-07-08 3102: 3093: 3082:. Retrieved 3078: 3068: 3057:. Retrieved 3050: 3041: 3030:. Retrieved 3023: 3014: 3003:. Retrieved 2997: 2987: 2976:. Retrieved 2970: 2960: 2949:. Retrieved 2941:The Guardian 2939: 2915:. Retrieved 2909: 2885:. Retrieved 2879: 2855:. Retrieved 2849: 2846:"Marc Lewis" 2840: 2829:. Retrieved 2823: 2813: 2802:. Retrieved 2796: 2786: 2775:. Retrieved 2769: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2692:. Retrieved 2686: 2676: 2656: 2651: 2632:. Retrieved 2630:. p. 16 2621: 2618:"Dream team" 2611: 2600:. Retrieved 2596:the original 2591: 2581: 2570:. Retrieved 2568:. 2011-12-19 2563: 2554: 2543:. Retrieved 2529: 2519: 2508:. Retrieved 2506:. 2015-05-14 2501: 2492: 2481:. Retrieved 2475: 2466: 2455:. Retrieved 2445: 2435: 2424:. Retrieved 2418: 2408: 2397:. Retrieved 2387: 2377: 2366:. Retrieved 2359: 2336:. Retrieved 2334:. 2013-03-29 2331: 2308:. Retrieved 2297: 2287: 2276:. Retrieved 2270: 2260: 2249:. Retrieved 2243: 2233: 2222:. Retrieved 2216: 2206: 2195:. Retrieved 2184: 2174: 2163:. Retrieved 2157: 2147: 2136:. Retrieved 2130: 2104:. Retrieved 2098: 2090: 2079:. Retrieved 2063: 2039:. Retrieved 2024: 2001:. Retrieved 1993:Toronto Life 1991: 1981: 1970:. Retrieved 1958: 1934:. Retrieved 1926:Toronto Star 1924: 1914: 1903:. Retrieved 1888: 1857:. Retrieved 1853:the original 1842: 1818:. Retrieved 1814:the original 1803: 1793: 1782:. Retrieved 1767: 1746:. Retrieved 1739:the original 1732: 1700:. Retrieved 1696: 1673:. Retrieved 1665:The Guardian 1663: 1639:. Retrieved 1637:. 2015-05-25 1632: 1607:. Retrieved 1605:. 2011-07-25 1598: 1571:. Retrieved 1567:the original 1556: 1546: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1485: 1478: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1429: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1387: 1369: 1360: 1351: 1344:Commentaries 1335: 1326: 1319: 1310: 1301: 1294: 1287: 1278: 1269: 1260: 1253: 1244: 1235: 1226: 1217: 1208: 1199: 1190: 1181: 1172: 1163: 1154: 1145: 1136: 1127: 1118: 1109: 1100: 1091: 1082: 1075: 1066: 1057: 1048: 1038: 1028: 1019: 1010: 1001: 992: 983: 974: 965: 958: 949: 940: 931: 922: 913: 904: 883: 870: 863: 838:, 1 May 2012 835: 795: 777: 735: 728: 717: 716:Marc Lewis, 706: 705:Marc Lewis, 552: 535:The Guardian 528: 524: 518: 512: 506: 500: 490: 484: 481: 471: 469: 460: 458: 448: 438: 428: 422: 420: 415: 395: 393: 380: 379: 373: 371: 366: 343:TEDxRadboudU 336: 326: 323: 315: 304: 235: 216: 208: 198: 194: 175: 166: 165: 135: 131: 112:Institutions 4231:1951 births 3619:Neuroethics 2306:. p. 9 2193:, Australia 1093:NeuroReport 915:Neuroethics 455:Other books 447:’s classic 437:'s seminal 394:Reviews of 385:PROSE award 311:Jean Piaget 123:, 2010-2016 118:, 1989-2010 57:PROSE award 4220:Categories 4121:2023-06-02 4088:2023-06-02 3744:1807/34967 3672:NeuroImage 3548:2023-06-05 3517:2023-06-05 3490:2023-06-05 3459:2023-06-05 3428:2023-06-05 3397:2023-06-05 3366:2023-06-05 3335:2023-06-05 3304:2023-06-06 3277:2023-06-06 3250:2023-06-06 3223:2023-06-06 3196:2023-06-06 3169:2023-06-06 3138:2023-06-06 3111:2023-06-06 3084:2023-06-06 3059:2023-06-06 3032:2023-06-06 3005:2023-04-20 2978:2023-04-20 2951:2023-04-20 2917:2023-04-20 2887:2023-04-20 2857:2023-04-20 2831:2023-04-20 2804:2023-05-26 2777:2023-06-05 2694:2023-04-20 2634:2023-04-21 2602:2023-04-20 2572:2023-04-20 2545:2023-05-22 2510:2023-04-20 2483:2023-05-23 2457:2023-04-20 2426:2023-04-20 2399:2023-04-20 2368:2023-06-06 2338:2023-05-26 2310:2023-05-07 2278:2023-04-20 2251:2023-04-20 2224:2023-04-20 2197:2023-04-20 2165:2023-04-20 2138:2023-04-20 2106:2023-04-20 2081:2023-04-20 2074:, Canada: 2041:2023-04-20 2003:2023-04-20 1972:2023-05-22 1936:2023-04-20 1905:2023-04-20 1859:2023-04-20 1820:2023-04-20 1784:2023-04-20 1748:2023-06-05 1702:2023-04-20 1675:2023-04-20 1641:2023-04-20 1609:2023-04-20 1573:2023-04-20 1538:References 924:NeuroImage 757:Dalai Lama 445:David Carr 347:Dalai Lama 219:York Mills 213:Early life 167:Marc Lewis 102:Discipline 85:Alma mater 79:(BA, 1975) 4056:143685544 4048:1423-0054 3997:0091-0627 3961:1750-8592 3902:1871-4080 3855:0022-0965 3804:0278-2626 3753:0006-3223 3692:1053-8119 3639:1874-5490 3600:205117578 3584:0028-4793 3104:CBC Radio 2999:Salon.com 2748:205117578 2732:0028-4793 2540:Australia 2420:Salon.com 2245:Salon.com 2191:Melbourne 792:CBC Radio 483:magazine 391:in 2016. 270:marijuana 73:Education 4013:36849117 4005:17549621 3920:22379495 3863:21044790 3820:14644716 3812:21940093 3761:21741030 3700:24007804 3657:28725282 3592:30332573 2798:Newsweek 2740:30332573 502:Newsweek 246:Thailand 242:Malaysia 186:Nijmegen 45:Children 3911:3045503 3769:8362656 3708:7507933 3648:5486526 3297:YouTube 3270:YouTube 3243:YouTube 3216:YouTube 3158:YouTube 3131:YouTube 3052:YouTube 3025:YouTube 2592:The Fix 2186:The Age 2072:Ontario 2068:Toronto 1998:Toronto 1963:Toronto 1111:Emotion 724:, 2011) 713:, 2015) 349:at the 274:cocaine 223:Toronto 146:Website 4176: 4143: 4112: 4079: 4054: 4046: 4011: 4003: 3995: 3959: 3918: 3908: 3900: 3861: 3853: 3818: 3810: 3802: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3706: 3698: 3690: 3655: 3645: 3637: 3598: 3590: 3582: 3543:London 3485:London 3454:London 3423:London 3392:London 3361:London 3330:London 2946:London 2746: 2738: 2730: 2664: 2536:Sydney 2032: 1896: 1810:London 1775: 1670:London 1563:London 1374:, 2000 1365:, 2000 1356:, 2011 1338:, 1988 1331:, 1988 1322:, 1989 1315:, 1992 1306:, 1993 1297:, 1993 1290:, 1993 1283:, 1994 1274:, 1995 1265:, 1996 1256:, 1997 1249:, 1999 1240:, 1999 1231:, 2000 1222:, 2002 1213:, 2004 1204:, 2004 1195:, 2004 1186:, 2004 1177:, 2005 1168:, 2005 1159:, 2005 1150:, 2005 1141:, 2005 1132:, 2006 1123:, 2006 1114:, 2006 1105:, 2006 1096:, 2007 1087:, 2007 1078:, 2007 1071:, 2007 1062:, 2007 1053:, 2008 1043:, 2008 1033:, 2008 1024:, 2009 1015:, 2010 1006:, 2010 997:, 2011 988:, 2011 979:, 2011 970:, 2011 961:, 2011 954:, 2011 945:, 2011 936:, 2011 927:, 2014 918:, 2017 909:, 2018 541:, and 296:Career 288:, and 282:heroin 53:Awards 37:Spouse 4052:S2CID 4009:S2CID 3816:S2CID 3765:S2CID 3704:S2CID 3596:S2CID 2744:S2CID 1742:(PDF) 1729:(PDF) 1693:"Bio" 700:Books 543:Salon 361:Books 266:opium 262:India 258:sitar 254:Burma 4174:ISBN 4141:ISBN 4110:ISBN 4077:ISBN 4044:ISSN 4001:PMID 3993:ISSN 3957:ISSN 3916:PMID 3898:ISSN 3859:PMID 3851:ISSN 3808:PMID 3800:ISSN 3757:PMID 3749:ISSN 3696:PMID 3688:ISSN 3653:PMID 3635:ISSN 3588:PMID 3580:ISSN 3511:Aeon 2851:Aeon 2736:PMID 2728:ISSN 2662:ISBN 2272:Vice 2132:Aeon 2030:ISBN 1894:ISBN 1773:ISBN 871:Aeon 864:Aeon 514:Aeon 250:Laos 197:and 153:.com 29:Born 4166:doi 4036:doi 3985:doi 3947:doi 3906:PMC 3890:doi 3843:doi 3839:108 3792:doi 3739:hdl 3731:doi 3680:doi 3643:PMC 3627:doi 3572:doi 3568:379 2720:doi 2716:379 794:'s 451:." 334:". 286:PCP 278:LSD 260:in 184:in 4222:: 4172:. 4139:. 4050:. 4042:. 4032:54 4030:. 4007:. 3999:. 3991:. 3981:35 3979:. 3955:. 3941:. 3937:. 3914:. 3904:. 3896:. 3884:. 3880:. 3857:. 3849:. 3837:. 3814:. 3806:. 3798:. 3788:77 3786:. 3763:. 3755:. 3747:. 3737:. 3727:70 3725:. 3702:. 3694:. 3686:. 3676:85 3674:. 3651:. 3641:. 3633:. 3623:10 3621:. 3617:. 3594:. 3586:. 3578:. 3566:. 3541:. 3535:. 3508:. 3483:. 3477:. 3452:. 3446:. 3421:. 3415:. 3390:. 3384:. 3359:. 3353:. 3328:. 3322:. 3294:. 3267:. 3240:. 3213:. 3186:. 3161:. 3155:. 3128:. 3101:. 3077:. 3049:. 3022:. 2996:. 2969:. 2944:. 2938:. 2926:^ 2908:. 2896:^ 2878:. 2866:^ 2848:. 2822:. 2795:. 2768:. 2756:^ 2742:. 2734:. 2726:. 2714:. 2685:. 2643:^ 2626:. 2620:. 2590:. 2562:. 2538:, 2534:. 2528:. 2500:. 2474:. 2450:. 2444:. 2417:. 2392:. 2386:. 2358:. 2347:^ 2330:. 2319:^ 2302:. 2296:. 2269:. 2242:. 2215:. 2189:. 2183:. 2156:. 2129:. 2115:^ 2070:, 2066:. 2062:. 2050:^ 2012:^ 1996:. 1990:. 1965:: 1961:. 1957:. 1945:^ 1929:. 1923:. 1868:^ 1847:. 1841:. 1829:^ 1808:. 1802:. 1757:^ 1731:. 1711:^ 1695:. 1684:^ 1668:. 1662:. 1650:^ 1631:. 1618:^ 1601:. 1597:. 1582:^ 1561:. 1555:. 763:, 545:. 537:, 533:, 527:, 523:, 517:, 511:, 505:, 499:, 495:, 357:. 284:, 280:, 276:, 272:, 252:, 248:, 244:, 188:, 173:. 4182:. 4168:: 4149:. 4124:. 4091:. 4058:. 4038:: 4015:. 3987:: 3963:. 3949:: 3943:5 3922:. 3892:: 3886:5 3865:. 3845:: 3822:. 3794:: 3771:. 3741:: 3733:: 3710:. 3682:: 3659:. 3629:: 3602:. 3574:: 3551:. 3520:. 3493:. 3462:. 3431:. 3400:. 3369:. 3338:. 3307:. 3280:. 3253:. 3226:. 3199:. 3172:. 3141:. 3114:. 3087:. 3062:. 3035:. 3008:. 2981:. 2954:. 2920:. 2890:. 2860:. 2834:. 2807:. 2780:. 2750:. 2722:: 2697:. 2670:. 2637:. 2605:. 2575:. 2548:. 2513:. 2486:. 2460:. 2429:. 2402:. 2371:. 2341:. 2313:. 2281:. 2254:. 2227:. 2200:. 2168:. 2141:. 2109:. 2084:. 2044:. 2006:. 1975:. 1939:. 1908:. 1862:. 1823:. 1787:. 1751:. 1705:. 1678:. 1644:. 1612:. 1576:. 720:( 709:( 48:3

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index