Marc Mitscher - Knowledge (XXG)

1680:(and which were then engaged in shore bombardment of Okinawa), to prepare to intercept and destroy the Japanese sortie. Deyo began to plan how to execute his orders. Mitscher, however, preempted using the American battleship force by launching on his own initiative a massive air strike from his three carrier task groups then in range of the Japanese surface formation—without informing Spruance until after the launches were completed. As a senior naval aviation officer, "Mitscher had spent a career fighting the battleship admirals who had steered the navy's thinking for most of century. One of those was his immediate superior, Raymond Spruance. Mitscher felt a stirring of battleship versus aircraft carrier rivalry. Though the carriers had mostly fought the great battles of the Pacific, whether air power alone could prevail over a surface force had not been proven beyond all doubt. Here was an opportunity to end the debate forever." After being informed of Mitscher's launches, Spruance agreed that the air strikes could go ahead as planned. As a contingency should the air strikes not be successful, Spruance planned to assemble a force of six new fast battleships ( 1457: 470: 1230: 1399:. On 26 January 1945, the Third Fleet again became the Fifth Fleet. During the Okinawa operation there was a weather-caused delay in the Army preparing serviceable air bases. To provide essential air support to the intense ground operations, Mitscher was obliged to keep then-Task Force 58 sailing in a box on station some 60 miles (97 km) east of Okinawa, often in stormy weather and heavy seas, for the next two months. During this time they were subject to air attack around the clock, and the psychological pressures of warding off these attacks were enormous. Rarely did a night go by that all the ships' crews were not called to general quarters, and the days were worse. Mitscher won his second 1294:. Intelligence estimates of the Japanese defenders of the Marshall Islands believed they had approximately 150 aircraft at their disposal. Two days before the intended landings Mitscher's task groups approached to within 150 miles (240 km) of the Marshalls and launched their air strikes, fighters first to soften up the defenders, followed by bombers to destroy ground emplacements, buildings, supplies, and the defenders' airfields. It was thought it would take two days to attain air superiority. Though the Japanese battled briskly, they lost control of the skies over the Marshall Islands by noon of the first day. What came next was an aerial bombardment of the Japanese defenses, followed by a 2073: 33: 1599:

mistakes, and would allow airmen a second chance when other officers would have washed them out. He placed tremendous value on his pilots and had great respect for the risks they were willing to accept in attacking the enemy. His practice was for the flight leaders of the air groups of the carrier he was commanding from to come up to the flag bridge and report following the completion of their missions. He valued greatly the information he received from the men who had been in the air on the scene. He was devoted to these men, and made a great effort to recover as many downed aircrew as possible. One place this was demonstrated was at the

1448:. On 27 May 1945, Halsey for the last time relieved Spruance as fleet commander; the next day Vice Admiral John S. McCain relieved Vice Admiral Mitscher as Commander, Task Force 38. Commenting on Admiral Mitscher upon his return from the Okinawa campaign, Admiral Nimitz said, "He is the most experienced and most able officer in the handling of fast carrier task forces who has yet been developed. It is doubtful if any officer has made more important contributions than he toward extinction of the enemy fleet." Exhausted and ill after a heart attack, Mitscher went to Washington, D.C., to serve as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Air. 730:

Mitchell's challenge and retain their own airgroups. The debate culminated in the hearings before the Morrow Board, convened to study the best means of applying aviation to national defense. Mitscher testified before the board on October 6, 1925. General Mitchell sought public support for his position by taking his case directly to the people through the national press. For this action Mitchell was summoned for a court-martial. One of the witnesses called by the prosecution was Mitscher. In the end the Navy was left with its own air resources, and was allowed to continue to develop its own independent aviation branch.

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keep the fighters at high altitude, too high to effectively cover the torpedo bombers. Mrazek states that Waldron vehemently protested both decisions in front of Ring and Mitscher, but was overruled by the latter. At the time, American intelligence reports indicated that the Japanese might be operating their carriers in two groups, and the search plane contact report stated that only two carriers had been found. Mitscher and Ring had agreed on the westerly heading in order to search behind the enemy task force for a possible trailing group. A further controversy exists in that the only official report from

1259:. To that point in the conflict carriers had been able to bring enough airpower to bear to inflict significant damage on opposing naval forces, but they always acted as a raiding group against land bases. They would approach their objective, inflict damage, and then escape into the vast reaches of the Pacific. Even the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, devastating though it was, was a carrier raid. Naval airpower was not thought to have the capacity to challenge land-based airpower over any length of time. Mitscher was about to change that, leading U.S. naval airpower into a new realm of operations. 1263: 110: 1887: 1807:"He spoke in a low voice and used few words. Yet, so great was his concern for his people—for their training and welfare in peacetime and their rescue in combat—that he was able to obtain their final ounce of effort and loyalty, without which he could not have become the preeminent carrier force commander in the world. A bulldog of a fighter, a strategist blessed with an uncanny ability to foresee his enemy's next move, and a lifelong searcher after truth and trout streams, he was above all else—perhaps above all other—a Naval Aviator." 286: 2023: 1975: 2032: 820: 1590:

strafing the enemy ships to suppress their defensive anti-aircraft fire. In plain terms he intended his fighter pilots to wound or kill the target ship's anti-aircraft gun crews. Following the fighter runs, the ordnance-carrying aircraft would execute bombing and torpedo runs, preferably simultaneously to overburden the ship's defenses and negate evasive maneuvers. The attack would be completed in a few minutes. Once the attack was delivered the air groups would leave, as suddenly as they had arrived.

1957: 1360: 1275: 965: 1306:, Satawan and Ponape (February 17–18). This was a big step up. The idea of purposely sailing into the range of a major Japanese naval and air base brought great unease to Mitscher's airmen. Said one: "They announced our destination over the loudspeaker once we were underway. It was Truk. I nearly jumped overboard." But Mitscher felt confident they could succeed. As tactical commander of the striking force, he developed techniques that would help give his airmen the edge of surprise. In 1986: 130: 1941: 2066: 1465: 1603:, where he ordered the fleet flight decks illuminated so pilots returning in the dark and very low on fuel (many aircraft had to ditch into the sea) would have a better chance of finding the carriers, despite the risk from enemy submarines. He hated to lose a man, either adrift at sea, or worse, captured by the Japanese. Having spent time adrift on a downed aircraft himself, he was always deeply distressed that the numbers of rescued airmen were not higher. 1064: 1996: 1310:, Mitscher's forces approached Truk from behind a weather front to launch a daybreak raid that caught many of the defenders off guard. The airmen brought devastation to the heavily defended base, destroying 72 aircraft on the ground and another 56 in the air, while a great number of auxiliary vessels and three warships were sunk in the lagoon. Chuckling over the pre-raid fears, Mitscher commented, "All I knew about Truk was what I'd read in the 1899: 1905: 297: 2051: 2044: 2017: 2010: 2003: 1951: 1924: 1917: 1290:. The idea that land-based air support was necessary to successfully conduct an amphibious operation was traditional doctrine. The Marshalls would be the first key step in the Navy's march across the Pacific to reach Japan. Mitscher's objective was to weaken Japanese air defenses in the Marshalls and limit their capability of flying in reinforcements, in preparation for a U.S. invasion of the Marshalls, code named 1860: 1835: 275: 1612: 1881: 1874: 1854: 1847: 615: 155: 2057: 1969: 998:. Mitscher had command of the newest carrier in the battle and had the least experienced air group. As the battle unfolded, the Japanese carrier force was sighted early on June 4 at 234 degrees and about 140 miles (230 km) from Task Force 16, sailing on a northwest heading. In plotting their attack there was strong disagreement among the air group commanders aboard 1637:

purposes commander, Task Force 38 as well; this was clearly and repeatedly seen in the battle of Leyte Gulf. But however much he may have disagreed with an order, once a decision was made by either of his superiors, Mitscher would implement the decision without complaint. This was most prominently exemplified in the last two major naval battles of the war: the

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ruined more men than it made. He was not forgetful of the abuse he took at the Naval Academy. He believed pilots could not be successfully handled with rigid discipline, as what made for a good pilot was an independence that inflexible discipline destroyed. At the same time he was insistent on rigid "air discipline" and he would break a man who violated it.

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cheap murder mysteries, and when at sea he would always have one with him. Though he appeared distant and severe, Mitscher possessed a dry sense of humor and held a deep affection for his men. Once when a destroyer came alongside to refuel from their carrier, Mitscher took the opportunity to gently rib his chief of staff, Captain

1339:—also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot"—during June 1944. Memorably, when a very long-range U.S. Navy follow-up strike had to return to their carriers in darkness, Mitscher ordered all the carriers' flight deck landing lights turned on, risking submarine attack to give his aviators the best chance of being recovered. 2457:

The Navy Book of Distinguished Service: An Official Compendium of the Names and Citations of the Men of the United States Navy, Marine Corps, Army and Foreign Governments Who Were Decorated by the Navy Department for Extraordinary Gallantry and Conspicuous Service Above and Beyond the Call of Duty in

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Offensively, Mitscher trained his air groups to engage in air attacks which delivered a maximum destructive force upon the enemy with the least amount of loss to his aviators. He sought well coordinated attacks. In a typical Mitscher-style air attack, fighter aircraft would come at the targets first,

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When I say carrier supremacy defeated Japan, I do not mean air power in itself won the Battle of the Pacific. We exercised our carrier supremacy as part of a balanced, integrated air-surface-ground team, in which all hands may be proud of the roles assigned them and the way in which their duties were

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were found along the 238 course heading. Finally, the fact that no After Action reports were filed other than the one signed by Mitscher containing the 239 course heading is unusual. Mrazek believes that the lack of reports indicates a cover-up, possibly in an effort to protect Mitscher's reputation.

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Mitscher's decisions in the battle have come under scrutiny largely due to the questionable actions of his subordinates and discrepancies in his After Action report. According to author Robert J. Mrazek, Mitscher backed up Ring's decision to take the heading of 263 degrees, as well as the decision to

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Mitscher's command style was one of few words. His small frame belied the authority he carried. A raised eyebrow was all he needed to indicate he was not pleased with the effort of one of his officers. He was not patient with incompetent personnel, yet he was forgiving of what he considered "honest"

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area. These attacks demonstrated that the air power of Task Force 58 was great enough to overwhelm the air defenses of not just a single island air base, or several bases on an island, but the air bases of several island groups at one time. The long-held naval rule that fleet operations could not be

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was advancing the idea that the nation was best defended by an independent service which would control all military aircraft. Though Mitscher was not a vocal member of the Navy's representatives, his knowledge of aircraft capabilities and limitations was instrumental in the Navy being able to answer

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Japan is beaten, and carrier supremacy defeated her. Carrier supremacy destroyed her army and navy air forces. Carrier supremacy destroyed her fleet. Carrier supremacy gave us bases adjacent to her home islands, and carrier supremacy finally left her exposed to the most devastating sky attack – the

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from the big guns of Spruance's surface force. The two days of destruction saved a great many lives of the Marines that were landed. The Japanese were estimated to have lost 155 aircraft. Mitscher's task force lost 57 aircraft, from which 31 pilots and 32 crewmen were lost. But the manner in which

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before heavy fog caused loss of the horizon, making flying in the early aircraft extremely dangerous. What appeared to be fairly calm seas at altitude turned out to be a heavy chop, and a control cable snapped while setting the aircraft down. Mitscher and his five crewmen were left to sit atop the

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states that the strike took a course heading of 239 degrees and missed the Japanese task force because it had turned north. This statement does not agree with some testimonies of Air Group Eight pilots and other evidence, most noticeably that none of the downed VF 10 pilots who were later rescued

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s Torpedo Six made their own attack, and was met with a similar hot reception. Again, no torpedo hits were made, but five of the aircraft managed to survive the engagement. Though failing to inflict any damage, the torpedo attacks did pull the Japanese CAP down and northeast of the carrier force,

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Mitscher was a quiet man. He rarely spoke, never engaged in small talk and would never discuss mission details at the mess table. On the rare occasions when he would enter into conversation it would be about fishing, the love of which he picked up in his middle years. Mitscher relaxed by reading

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Before most other officers in the high command of the U.S. Navy, Mitscher had a grasp of the potential sudden, destructive power that air groups represented. The change in the operation of carriers from single or paired carriers with support vessels to task groups of three or four carriers was a

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and New Zealand aircraft in the air war over Guadalcanal and up the Solomon chain. Said Halsey: "I knew we'd probably catch hell from the Japs in the air. That's why I sent Pete Mitscher up there. Pete was a fighting fool and I knew it." Short on aircraft, fuel and ammunition, the atmosphere on

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held over the older American battleships in firepower (460 mm vs. 356 mm), armor, and speed (27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) vs. 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph). A hypothetical battle between Spruance's new battleships and the Japanese super-battleship would have been a very

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Though reserved and quiet, Mitscher possessed a natural authority. He could check a man with a single question. He was intolerant of incompetence and would relieve officers who were not making the grade, but was lenient with what he would consider honest mistakes. Harsh discipline, he believed,

1037:, coming to a course of 240 degrees. This proved to be an excellent heading, as his Torpedo Eight squadron flew directly to the enemy carrier group's location "as though on a plumb line". They did so with no supporting fighters. On their way Waldron's Torpedo Eight happened to get picked up by 1342:

On 26 August 1944, when Admiral William Halsey relieved Admiral Raymond Spruance as the fleet commander, the ships of the Fifth Fleet became the Third Fleet, and the subordinate Fast Carrier Task Force 58 became Task Force 38. The redesignated task force remained commanded by Vice Admiral Marc

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Mitscher had tactical control of Task Force 58/38 and directed its subordinate task groups. Strategic control was held by Spruance or Halsey. While Spruance granted his subordinates great authority, Halsey exercised much tighter control, such that commander, Third Fleet, was for all practical

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and shattered her flight deck. All three ships were set ablaze, knocked out of the battle to sink later that day. While these attacks were in progress, Ring continued his search on a course of 260 degrees, flying to the north of the battle. Unable to find the enemy and running low on fuel,

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The first of the carrier squadrons to locate the Japanese carriers, Waldron bore down upon the enemy. He brought his group in low, slowing for their torpedo drops. With no fighter escort and no other attackers on hand to split the defenders, his group was devastated by defending Japanese

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Prior to the Midway operation Mitscher had been promoted to rear admiral in preparation for his next assignment, the command of Patrol Wing 2. Though Mitscher preferred to be at sea, he held this command until December when he was sent to the South Pacific as Commander Fleet Air,

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Mitscher. One of the most unfortunate events of the Pacific war occurred on the morning of 21 September 1944, when spotter planes from one of TF 38's carriers came across the MATA-27 convoy and a full scale attack soon was launched. All eleven ships were sunk, including the

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s performance had not lived up to his expectations and he felt he had failed to deliver the results he should have. In addition, he felt great regret for the loss of John Waldron and Torpedo Eight. For the next three years he would try to secure the award of the

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Guadalcanal was one of dogged defense. Mitscher brought a fresh outlook, and instilled an offensive mindset to his assorted air commands. Mitscher later said this assignment managing the constant air combat over Guadalcanal was his toughest duty of the war.

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s air groups, chose a course of 263 degrees, nearly true west, as the most likely solution to bring them to the Japanese carrier group. He had not anticipated the Japanese turning east into the wind while they recovered their aircraft. Lieutenant Commander

1645:. In each case Mitscher recommended a course of action which differed sharply from the one subsequently ordered by his fleet commander. In each case, once the order was given, Mitscher set about executing the order without further debate or protest. 1428:

at that time was functioning as a "night carrier," launching and recovering her aircraft in the dark to protect the fleet against land-based Japanese bomber and torpedo aircraft slipping in to attack the fleet in the relative safety of night. When

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exercises. The key lesson learned by the naval aviation officers during these exercises was the importance to locate and destroy the other side's flight decks as early as possible, while still preserving your own. In 1938, Mitscher was promoted to

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itself. All ten fighters in the formation ran out of fuel and had to ditch at sea. Several of her SBDs heading to Midway also ran out of fuel and had to ditch on their approach to the Midway base. Other SBDs attempting to return to

1456: 622:, commander; Lieut.-Commander M. A. Mitscher, pilot; Lieut. J. T. Barin, pilot; Lieut (j.g.) Harry Sodenwater, radio operator; Chief Machinist's Mate, C. I. Kessler, engineer; Machinist Rasmus Christensen, reserve pilot engineer 1628:. Burke had come to Mitscher from destroyers, and preferred a fighting command over his new role as chief of staff. To the Marine sentry standing nearby, Mitscher ordered "Secure Captain Burke, till that destroyer casts off." 1299:

the fast carrier task force was employed established a pattern for future Pacific operations. In his summary report for the month of January, Admiral Nimitz commented it was "typical of what may be expected in the future."

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Mitscher and other naval aviation pioneers developed many of the methods by which aircraft would be handled aboard U.S. Navy aircraft carriers. Many of these techniques continue to be used in the current-day U.S. Navy.

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At the conclusion of World War II, and in the face of markedly reduced U.S. military spending, a political battle ensued in America over the need for, and the nature of, a post-war military, with advocates from the

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An indifferent student with a lackluster sense of military deportment, Mitscher's career at the naval academy did not portend the accomplishments he would achieve later in life. Nicknamed after Annapolis's first

671:"For distinguished service in the line of his profession as a member of the crew of the Seaplane NC-1, which made a long overseas flight from New Foundland to the vicinity of the Azores, in May 1919". 421:

compelled young Mitscher to recite the entire name as a hazing. Soon he was referred to as "Oklahoma Pete", with the nickname shortened to just "Pete" by the winter of his youngster (sophomore) year.

3337: 1407:. He won his third Navy Cross for the critical success of TF 58 over the period of January 27 – May 27, 1945, both away from and also in direct support of the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. 3005: 1286:

in a bloody and costly invasion in the process. This mission was done for the purpose of obtaining a land base for aircraft to support naval operations against the next objective, the

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of VT-8 were shot down. Though not known at the time, the efforts of Torpedo Eight failed to deliver a hit on the Japanese carriers. Of the Torpedo Eight aircrews, only Ensign

2304: 1420:, knocking her out of the operation and causing much loss of life. Half of Mitscher's staff officers were killed or wounded, and Mitscher was forced to shift his command to 1511:

could deliver, thereby doing away with the need for Army or Navy forces. In their view, air assets in the Navy should be brought under the control of the soon-to-be-formed

1229: 1022:, strongly disagreed with Ring's flight plan. An aggressive aviator, he assured Mitscher he would get his group into combat and deliver their ordnance, no matter the cost. 435:

This time the stoic Mitscher worked straight through, and on June 3, 1910, he graduated 113th out of a class of 131. Following graduation he served two years at sea aboard

3332: 3257: 547:. Mitscher was one of the first naval aviators, receiving No. 33 on June 2, 1916. Almost a year later, on April 6, 1917, he reported to the renamed armored cruiser 721:

After six months in command at Anacostia he was assigned to a newly formed department, the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. Here as a young aviator he assisted Rear Admiral

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By July 1946, when he was serving as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), Mitscher received, among other awards, two Gold Stars signifying his second and third

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in his last year as a midshipman, but his request was not granted. After graduating he continued to make requests for transfer to aviation while serving on the

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During 1944 and 1945, Vice Admiral Mitscher's fast carriers, whether designated Task Force 38 or Task Force 58, spearheaded the thrust against the heart of the

1515:. In the face of such proposals Mitscher remained a staunch advocate for naval aviation, and went so far as to release the following statement to the press: 3297: 3243: 705:

for the Air Detachment, Pacific Fleet. Mitscher was promoted to commander on July 1, 1921. In May 1922, he was detached from Air Squadrons, Pacific Fleet (

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were unable to locate her, and disappeared into the vast Pacific. All these aircraft were lost, though a number of the pilots were later rescued. Of

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arriving from the south flew over the Japanese carrier force to reach their tipping points almost unopposed. They delivered a devastating blow to

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Mitscher concept, which he implemented for the purpose of concentrating the fighter aircraft available for a better air defense of the carriers.

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year. At the insistence of his father, Mitscher re-applied and was granted reappointment, though he had to re-enter the academy as a first year

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President Truman congratulates Mitscher during a ceremony in which eight U.S. carriers were awarded Presidential Unit Citations, July 16, 1946.

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refitted as an "aircraft tender" that had been used as a support ship for the "Nancys' " transatlantic flight. He served under Captain

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Mitscher is wearing an Army Air Force flight jacket. The photo was touched up to obscure the view of the jacket insignia of the air crews.

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Authors Garzke and Dulin speculate that the likely outcome of a battle between the older (and slower) American force under Deyo and the

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Through the spring of 1944 Task Force 58 conducted a series of raids on Japanese air bases across the Western Pacific, first in the

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At this early date the Navy was interested in using aircraft for scouting purposes and as spotters for direction of their gunnery.

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Having amassed 159 demerits and showing poorly in his class work, Mitscher was saddled with a forced resignation at the end of his

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was carrying Dutch and British prisoners of war below decks, of which 1,047 drowned. This was learned only after the war's end.

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discharged. This could not have been done by a separate air force, exclusively based ashore, or by one not under Navy control.

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for the critical success of TF 38 over the period of October 22–30, 1944, both away from and also in direct support of the

2443: 1761: 1500: 1468: 582: 1740:, and four destroyers (the other four fled back to Japanese ports), at the cost of ten aircraft and twelve aircrew lost. 2199: 1638: 1600: 1546: 1483: 1347:, which received direct hits from two aerial torpedoes and three bombs, sinking within five minutes; unfortunately, the 1336: 1262: 893: 677: 240: 38: 2183: 1565: 808: 525: 507: 394: 96: 2790: 2397: 1995: 1542: 1217: 590: 578: 198: 2659: 1687: 1649: 1487: 1256: 884:. Newest of the Navy's fleet carriers, Mitscher worked hard to get ship and crew ready for combat. Following her 861: 598: 567: 548: 3198: 1681: 1673: 363: 235: 1886: 786:

During this period Mitscher was assigned command of the air group for the newly commissioned aircraft carrier

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and Myrta (Shear) Mitscher. Mitscher's grandfather, Andreas Mitscher (1821–1905), was a German immigrant from

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Mitscher Hall at the United States Naval Academy houses chaplain offices, meeting rooms, and an auditorium.

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under command of Read successfully completed the crossing. For his part in the effort Mitscher received the

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upper wing of their "Nancy" while they waited to be rescued. Of the three aircraft making the attempt, only

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would have been a victory for the Allies, but at a serious cost due to the large margin of superiority

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Over the next two decades Mitscher worked to develop naval aviation, taking assignments serving on the

2031: 3277: 3272: 3144: 3010: 1782:(formerly Naval Air Station Miramar) were also named in his honor (Mitscher Field and Mitscher Way). 1711: 1642: 1445: 1434: 1404: 684: 627: 436: 347: 245: 67: 1956: 933:, the task force proceeded in radio silence to a launch point 650 miles (1,050 km) from Japan. 597:. In February 1919, he transferred from NAS Dinner Key to the Aviation Section in the Office of the 2087: 1880: 1873: 1853: 1846: 1753: 1693: 1557: 1307: 1077: 989: 748: 635: 532: 496: 489: 406: 398: 202: 1985: 1056:

dive bombers, but when Waldron dropped his group down to the deck to prepare for their attack the

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Contrails streak the sky during the defense of Task Force 58 in the Battle of the Philippine Sea.

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to the entire unit, but without success. The pilots of Torpedo Eight were eventually awarded the

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Mitscher took an early interest in aviation, requesting a transfer to aeronautics while aboard

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as to the best intercept course. Lieutenant Commander Stanhope C. Ring, in overall command of

930: 854: 757: 631: 559: 536: 351: 255: 185: 178: 84: 2357:. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from 2120: 366:. During the western land boom of 1889, when Marc was two years old, his family resettled in 2897: 2866:...as Commander, Fast Carrier Task Force FIFTY-EIGHT. From 27 January 1945 to 27 May 1945... 1653: 1508: 1475: 1287: 1283: 1267: 1252: 1030: 977: 885: 739: 390: 230: 1464: 1048:

fighter squadron flying several thousand feet above them. This group had launched last off

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The battle was a great victory and Mitscher congratulated his crew for their efforts, but

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off the deck of a carrier. In April 1942, After affirming it could be done, the sixteen

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too was struck by a kamikaze attack, Mitscher had to transfer once more, this time to

762:, and taking command of Patrol Wing 1, in addition to a number of assignments ashore. 3266: 3239: 2386:. Nimitz Library U. S. Naval Academy. First Class, United States Naval Academy. 1910. 1800: 1625: 1364: 1141: 995: 922: 803: 418: 367: 115: 2460:(editor: Harry R. Stringer, p 107, Fassett Publishing Company: Washington DC, 1921). 952:

referred to as the source of the B-25s in his announcement of the bombing attack on

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in the Caribbean, Mitscher was consulted on the possibility of launching long-range

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s air groups suffered a 50 percent loss rate without achieving any combat results.

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On May 10, 1919, Mitscher was among a group of naval aviators attempting the first

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In the ensuing year Mitscher's aviators devastated Japanese carrier forces in the

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as he brought his air group aboard. The vessel conducted mock attacks against the

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While in that assignment, Mitscher died on 3 February 1947 at the age of 60 of a

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early on 7 April 1945, Spruance ordered Task Force 54, which consisted of older

1205: 1034: 775: 771: 646: 555: 274: 215: 2847:"Marc Andrew Mitscher | Navy Cross | Fast Carrier Task Force 58 | Serial 00153" 1440:, the carrier that earlier had been damaged by a long-range kamikaze attack at 614: 2902: 2381: 2097: 1531: 1400: 1179: 663: 643: 574: 563: 414: 278: 154: 3079: 2846: 2814:"Marc Andrew Mitscher | Navy Cross | Fast Carrier Task Force 38 | Serial 070" 2813: 988:

carried the air groups that made up the strike force of Task Force 16, while

1716:), together with seven cruisers (including the newly-arrived large cruisers 790:. Mitscher was the first person to land an airplane onto the flight deck of 778:

and lift under the wings of her aircraft for launching and recovery. Aboard

706: 690: 540: 511: 486: 425: 3049:

Order of Battle - Final Sortie of the Imperial Japanese Navy - 7 April 1945

1728:), escorted by 21 destroyers, and to prepare for a surface engagement with 1282:

The fleet had recently completed operations in the Gilbert Islands, taking

1201: 1156:

s air groups, only Torpedo Eight ended up reaching the enemy that morning.

835:

Between June 1939 and July 1941, Mitscher served as assistant chief of the

649:

that attempted the flight, under the command of Bellinger. Taking off from

417:

from Oklahoma, Peter Cassius Marcellus Cade, who had "bilged-out" in 1903,

1417: 1328: 877: 702: 586: 473:

Naval aviator Marc A. Mitscher, circa 1916. Mitscher was among the first

371: 3149:

The Fleet at Flood Tide: The U.S. at Total War in the Pacific, 1944-1945

2056: 457:. During that time Mexico was experiencing a political disturbance, and 1213: 562:

Montauk in August, 1917, commanded by LT Marc Mitscher. Reconnaissance

515: 2506:, Washington Government Printing Office, 1922, p 36, no. in grade 458. 868:. Upon her commissioning in October 1941, he assumed command, taking 1441: 926: 889: 654: 543:. Mitscher trained as a pilot, earning his wings and the designation 774:(26 km/h), thus limiting her ability to generate wind over her 630:

crossing by air. Among the men involved were fellow future admirals

2332:"Biographies in Naval History: Admiral Marc Andrew Mitscher, USNR" 1610: 1463: 1455: 1358: 1324: 1273: 1261: 1228: 1062: 963: 953: 818: 613: 554:

for duty in connection with aircraft catapult experiments. During

429: 1332:

conducted in the face of land-based air power was brushed aside.

531:, which was being used to experiment as a launching platform for 2434:

Darden, Colgate W. Jr. (1984). "Naval Aviation in World War I".

1045: 1019: 1204:. Four months later in April 1943, Halsey moved Mitscher up to 2625:

A Dawn Like Thunder: The True Story of Torpedo Squadron Eight

2305:"Only in Oklahoma: Admiral led awe-inspiring WWII task force" 1251:, at that time operating as Task Force 58 as part of Admiral 1060:

fighters lost sight of them. Torpedo Eight was on its own.

1029:

airgroups set out, Waldron broke away from the higher flying

2784:"(U.S. Navy) Navy Cross Recipients, World War II, 1941-1945" 1208:, assigning him to the thick of the fight as Commander Air, 1507:

the nation could be defended by the devastating power that

618:

Crew of the N.C-1 from left to right: Lieutenant-Commander

3159:

Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway

3006:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

3102:

These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame

937:

provided the air cover for both aircraft carriers while

911:

s own flight group was stored below deck in her hangar.

725:

in defending the Navy's interest in air assets. General

1494:

during maneuvers off the Virginia Capes, 24 April 1946.

683:

On October 14, 1919, Mitscher reported for duty aboard

2334:. Naval History & Heritage Command. Archived from 1212:(COMAIRSOLS). Here Mitscher directed an assortment of 1136:

s strike groups eventually turned back, either toward

1067:

The fifteen Devastators of VT-8 form up as they leave

948:, then, was the real life "Shangri-la" that President 389:

Mitscher attended elementary and secondary schools in

2502:, Sunday edition, May 7, 1922, p. 6, column 3. Also, 1052:

and had not been able to catch up with or locate the

3205:. New York: Norton, 1954; reprinted Annapolis, Md.: 1648:

Nevertheless, late in the war, Mitscher did preempt

1545:

and on 26 September 1946 became Commander-in-Chief,

3220:Willmott, H.P. (1984) "June, 1944" Blandford Press 1327:, followed by a raid against Japanese bases in the 1302:Next, Mitscher led Task Force 58 in a raid against 1096:leaving the approach from other angles unhindered. 766:was the navy's first aircraft carrier. A converted 570:personnel were stationed at Montauk L.I. New York. 502:. Mitscher was in charge of the engine room on USS 446:on March 7, 1912. In August 1913, he served aboard 266: 208: 174: 164: 149: 141: 121: 103: 91: 74: 61: 53: 23: 3338:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 3068:different story.(Garzke and Dulin (1985)), p. 60. 1664:. Upon receiving contact reports from submarines 1652:commander Admiral Raymond Spruance in stopping a 847:Mitscher's next assignment was as captain of the 461:was sent to protect U.S. interests and citizens. 2170:with one silver and three bronze service stars 1243:Returning to the Central Pacific as commander, 968:F4F Wildcats of VF-8 prepare to launch off USS 944:s flight deck was taken up ferrying the B-25s. 3323:Recipients of the Order of the Tower and Sword 2411: 2409: 2407: 1118:as well, while SBDs coming from the east from 876:for her training out period. She was there in 680:by the Portuguese government on June 3, 1919. 1752:in his honor: the post-World War II frigate, 1615:Mitscher and Arleigh Burke confer aboard USS 8: 3318:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States) 2927:. Arlington National Cemetery. July 8, 2022. 1520:atomic fission bomb – that man has suffered. 1080:flying combat air patrol (CAP). All fifteen 3358:United States Navy personnel of World War I 3244:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 3156:Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005). 2498:, volume IA, pp. 400–402, Aroostook. Also, 2496:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 1571: 1233:Vice Admiral Mitscher aboard his flagship, 601:, before reporting to Seaplane Division 1. 3258:Admiral Marc Mitscher, U.S. Navy Biography 1790:International Air & Space Hall of Fame 1748:Two ships of the Navy have been named USS 31: 20: 2778: 2776: 1266:Mitscher speaks with Air Group Commander 676:Mitscher was also made an officer of the 3333:United States Navy World War II admirals 3238:This article incorporates text from the 2898:"World War II: Admiral Marc A. Mitscher" 2080: 1788:In 1989, Mitscher was inducted into the 468: 2251: 2232: 1811:The character Pete Richards, played by 827:and Captain Marc Mitscher on board USS 593:. On July 18, 1918, he was promoted to 3348:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 3129:. Naples, Florida: Midway Publishers. 2473:[Portuguese Honorary Orders]. 2389: 2288:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2281: 1572:Mitscher's style as military commander 1486:Marc A. Mitscher on the bridge of the 642:. Mitscher piloted NC-1, one of three 16:United States Navy admiral (1887–1947) 2660:"Mitschner and the Mystery of Midway" 2475:Presidency of the Portuguese Republic 2349: 2347: 2345: 1088:survived. About twenty minutes later 7: 2216:List of military figures by nickname 1363:Admiral Mitscher and chief of staff 697:, another pioneering naval aviator. 3162:. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. 2845:Sterner, Doug, ed. (June 7, 1945). 2812:Sterner, Doug, ed. (June 7, 1945). 2355:"Mitscher, Marc Andrew (1887–1947)" 1656:, centered on the super-battleship 1410:On 11 May 1945 Mitscher's flagship 3298:United States Naval Academy alumni 2191:Companion of the Order of the Bath 1676:under the command of Rear Admiral 1632:Relations toward superior officers 734:Development of the carrier air arm 577:Mitscher was placed in command of 535:. The ship had been fitted with a 393:He received an appointment to the 350:, on January 26, 1887, the son of 14: 3343:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 3308:Military personnel from Wisconsin 3288:American people of German descent 2896:Hickman, Kennedy (May 14, 2018). 1270:, the task force's leading pilot. 925:in the mid-Pacific just north of 701:was assigned temporary duties as 330:, and served as commander of the 3283:People from Hillsboro, Wisconsin 3231: 3151:. Random House Publishing Group. 3104:. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. 3023:Gandt, Robert (August 4, 2011). 2471:"Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas" 2110:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 2071: 2064: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2030: 2021: 2015: 2008: 2001: 1994: 1984: 1973: 1967: 1955: 1949: 1939: 1928: 1922: 1915: 1903: 1897: 1885: 1879: 1872: 1858: 1852: 1845: 1833: 1827:Ribbon bar of Admiral Mitscher: 1794:San Diego Air & Space Museum 1780:Marine Corps Air Station Miramar 904:for a transpacific voyage while 605:Interwar assignments (1919–1939) 295: 290:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 284: 273: 153: 128: 108: 3353:Deaths from coronary thrombosis 1541:He served briefly as commander 1225:Battles for the Central Pacific 1112:and managed to put a bomb into 929:. Under the command of Admiral 506:when orders to transfer to the 192:Commander Air, Solomon Islands 3184:. U.S. Naval Institute Press. 2658:Symonds, Craig L. (May 2012). 2167:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 2150:American Defense Service Medal 1819:is loosely based on Mitscher. 1505:development of the atomic bomb 882:Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor 374:, where his father, a federal 1: 3100:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. 2444:United States Naval Institute 2303:Curtis, Gene (July 5, 2007). 1778:The airfield and a street at 1389:liberation of the Philippines 1195:Commander Air Solomon Islands 717:Service debates in Washington 521:Mitscher was assigned to the 42: 3313:United States Naval Aviators 2200:Order of the Tower and Sword 1732:Mitscher's air strikes sank 1639:Battle of the Philippine Sea 1619:during the Okinawa campaign. 1601:Battle of the Philippine Sea 1383:, covering successively the 1337:Battle of the Philippine Sea 678:Order of the Tower and Sword 241:Battle of the Philippine Sea 3328:United States Navy admirals 2184:Philippine Liberation Medal 1566:Arlington National Cemetery 1536:Distinguished Service Medal 900:were loaded on deck aboard 711:Naval Air Station Anacostia 395:United States Naval Academy 386:, would also become mayor. 97:Arlington National Cemetery 3374: 2791:U.S. Department of Defense 2587:Parshall and Tulley p. 274 2578:Parshall and Tulley p. 207 2551:Parshall and Tulley p. 174 2174:World War II Victory Medal 2126:Presidential Unit Citation 2096: 2086: 1767:guided-missile destroyer, 1375:was hit twice by kamikazes 1355:Facing the kamikaze threat 591:Naval Reserve Flying Corps 566:, an airplane, troops and 3293:People from Oklahoma City 3078:Rodenburg, J. D. (2007). 2196: 2189: 2182: 2172: 2165: 2160: 2148: 2143:World War I Victory Medal 2141: 2136: 2124: 2115: 2108: 1841: 1832: 1674:Standard-type battleships 1025:Thirty minutes after the 862:Newport News Shipbuilding 770:, she could only make 14 709:, California) to command 599:Chief of Naval Operations 358:. His other grandfather, 37:Marc A. Mitscher, then a 30: 3203:The Magnificent Mitscher 1503:insisting that with the 994:carried the aircraft of 666:, the citation reading: 653:, he nearly reached the 508:Naval Aeronautic Station 364:Wisconsin State Assembly 334:in the Pacific during 236:Solomon Islands campaign 3303:Aviators from Wisconsin 2851:valor.militarytimes.com 2818:valor.militarytimes.com 2162:American Campaign Medal 1391:, and the conquests of 1249:Fast Carrier Task Force 852:-class aircraft carrier 640:Patrick N. L. Bellinger 558:, the Navy established 442:, and was commissioned 332:Fast Carrier Task Force 195:Fast Carrier Task Force 3001:Triumph in the Pacific 2925:"Marc Andrew Mitscher" 2662:. U.S. Naval Institute 2396:: CS1 maint: others ( 2338:on September 16, 2012. 2138:Mexican Campaign Medal 1823:Awards and decorations 1620: 1581:Naval aviation tactics 1528: 1522: 1495: 1461: 1385:invasion of the Palaus 1376: 1279: 1271: 1240: 1072: 973: 866:Newport News, Virginia 860:, being fitted out at 832: 674: 623: 610:Transatlantic crossing 583:Coconut Grove, Florida 478: 362:, was a member of the 3207:Naval Institute Press 3182:Admiral Arleigh Burke 3145:Hornfischer, James D. 3003:by E.B. Potter, also 2855:Sightline Media Group 2822:Sightline Media Group 2270:on September 17, 2008 1799:The words of Admiral 1654:Japanese naval sortie 1614: 1538:with two Gold Stars. 1523: 1517: 1490:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1467: 1459: 1446:Japanese home islands 1362: 1277: 1265: 1232: 1066: 967: 874:Naval Station Norfolk 837:Bureau of Aeronautics 822: 668: 617: 472: 346:Mitscher was born in 342:Early life and career 142:Years of service 3125:Gay, George (1979). 3025:"Killing the Yamato" 3011:Samuel Eliot Morison 2636:Parshall and Tully, 2361:on November 3, 2012. 2146:with "Escort" Clasp 2113:with two gold stars 2101:with two gold stars 1643:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1405:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1014:, in command of the 595:lieutenant commander 378:, later became that 348:Hillsboro, Wisconsin 246:Battle of Leyte Gulf 68:Hillsboro, Wisconsin 25:Marc Andrew Mitscher 2500:The Washington Post 2264:www.hillsborowi.com 2088:Naval Aviator Badge 1815:, in the 1949 film 1564:. He was buried in 1558:coronary thrombosis 1549:, with the rank of 1547:U.S. Atlantic Fleet 1313:National Geographic 1308:Operation Hailstone 1292:Operation Flintlock 407:U.S. Representative 399:Annapolis, Maryland 380:city's second mayor 2793:. February 2, 2021 2761:Potter pp. 129–132 2752:Potter pp. 122–127 1621: 1496: 1462: 1377: 1280: 1272: 1245:Carrier Division 3 1241: 1102:dive bombers from 1086:George H. Gay, Jr. 1073: 974: 915:rendezvoused with 833: 624: 620:P. N. L. Bellinger 479: 403:Bird Segle McGuire 401:, in 1904 through 328:United States Navy 251:Battle of Iwo Jima 136:United States Navy 3191:978-1-59114-692-6 3110:978-1-57864-397-4 2207: 2206: 2197:Commander of the 2194:(United Kingdom) 2079: 2078: 1562:Norfolk, Virginia 1509:strategic bombers 1472:Chester W. Nimitz 1296:naval bombardment 980:, 4–7 June 1942, 886:shake-down cruise 843:Carrier commander 740:aircraft carriers 560:Naval Air Station 309: 308: 256:Battle of Okinawa 85:Norfolk, Virginia 3365: 3235: 3234: 3199:Taylor, Theodore 3195: 3173: 3152: 3140: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3075: 3069: 3057: 3051: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3020: 3014: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2947: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2893: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2788: 2780: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2680:Mrazek, Symmonds 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2467: 2461: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2431: 2425: 2424:Taylor pp. 33–34 2422: 2416: 2413: 2402: 2401: 2395: 2387: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2351: 2340: 2339: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2287: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2266:. Archived from 2256: 2240: 2237: 2153:with "A" device 2081: 2075: 2068: 2059: 2053: 2046: 2034: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2005: 1998: 1988: 1977: 1971: 1959: 1953: 1943: 1932: 1926: 1919: 1907: 1901: 1889: 1883: 1876: 1862: 1856: 1849: 1837: 1830: 1829: 1736:, light cruiser 1650:U.S. Fifth Fleet 1476:William D. Leahy 1474:, Fleet Admiral 1288:Marshall Islands 1268:David McCampbell 1253:Raymond Spruance 1172: 1162: 1155: 1135: 1094: 1043: 1008: 978:Battle of Midway 960:Battle of Midway 943: 910: 391:Washington, D.C. 299: 288: 277: 231:Battle of Midway 157: 134: 132: 131: 123: 114: 112: 111: 81: 78:February 3, 1947 65:January 26, 1887 47: 44: 35: 21: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3263: 3262: 3254: 3232: 3192: 3176: 3170: 3155: 3143: 3137: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3080:"Mitscher Hall" 3077: 3076: 3072: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3021: 3017: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2859: 2857: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2826: 2824: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2774: 2770:Willmott p. 182 2769: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2725:Willmott p. 176 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2638:Shattered Sword 2635: 2631: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2477:(in Portuguese) 2469: 2468: 2464: 2455: 2451: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2405: 2388: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2353: 2352: 2343: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2315: 2313: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2280: 2273: 2271: 2260:"Archived copy" 2258: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2212: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2187:with two stars 2186: 2169: 2152: 2145: 2129:with two stars 2128: 2117:Legion of Merit 2112: 2100: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2047: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2013: 2006: 1999: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1961: 1960: 1954: 1934: 1933: 1927: 1920: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1891: 1890: 1884: 1877: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1850: 1825: 1746: 1634: 1609: 1596: 1583: 1574: 1501:Army Air Forces 1480:Harry S. Truman 1454: 1381:Japanese Empire 1357: 1227: 1210:Solomon Islands 1197: 1170: 1160: 1153: 1133: 1122:dove down upon 1092: 1082:TBD Devastators 1041: 1016:torpedo bombers 1012:John C. Waldron 1006: 962: 941: 908: 896:bombers of the 845: 825:James Doolittle 817: 802:in a series of 755:seaplane tender 736: 723:William Moffett 719: 695:Henry C. Mustin 612: 607: 589:pilots for the 523:armored cruiser 467: 409:from Oklahoma. 360:Thomas J. Shear 356:Traben-Trarbach 344: 305: 301:Legion of Merit 262: 201: 197: 193: 191: 184: 129: 127: 109: 107: 99: 92:Place of burial 83: 79: 66: 49: 45: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3371: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3252:External links 3250: 3229: 3228: 3218: 3196: 3190: 3174: 3168: 3153: 3141: 3135: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3093: 3070: 3052: 3041: 3029:HistoryNet.com 3015: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2916: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2837: 2804: 2772: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2698:Taylor p. xxiv 2691: 2682: 2673: 2650: 2641: 2629: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2488: 2462: 2449: 2426: 2417: 2403: 2373: 2364: 2341: 2323: 2295: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2195: 2188: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2114: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2095: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2062: 2048: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2014: 2007: 2000: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1981: 1980: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1936: 1935: 1921: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1878: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1851: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1824: 1821: 1813:Walter Brennan 1809: 1808: 1773: (DDG-57) 1745: 1742: 1660:from reaching 1633: 1630: 1608: 1605: 1595: 1592: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1453: 1450: 1416:was struck by 1356: 1353: 1226: 1223: 1196: 1193: 1176:Medal of Honor 961: 958: 898:Doolittle Raid 844: 841: 816: 813: 735: 732: 727:Billy Mitchell 718: 715: 636:Albert C. Read 611: 608: 606: 603: 579:NAS Dinner Key 528:North Carolina 475:naval aviators 466: 465:Naval aviation 463: 384:Byron D. Shear 343: 340: 307: 306: 304: 303: 293: 282: 270: 268: 264: 263: 261: 260: 259: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 226:Doolittle Raid 218: 212: 210: 206: 205: 203:Atlantic Fleet 176: 172: 171: 168: 166:Service number 162: 161: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 125: 119: 118: 105: 101: 100: 95: 93: 89: 88: 82:(aged 60) 76: 72: 71: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 46: 1944–45 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3370: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3240:public domain 3227: 3226:0-7137-1446-8 3223: 3219: 3216: 3215:1-55750-800-3 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3178:Potter, E. B. 3175: 3171: 3169:1-57488-923-0 3165: 3161: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3136:0-938300-08-3 3132: 3128: 3127:Sole Survivor 3123: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3081: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2991:Potter p. 128 2988: 2985: 2982:Potter p. 138 2979: 2976: 2973:Potter p. 180 2970: 2967: 2964:Potter p. 133 2961: 2958: 2955:Taylor p. 243 2952: 2949: 2946:Taylor p. 242 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2889: 2886:Potter p. 266 2883: 2880: 2877:Taylor p. 304 2874: 2871: 2867: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2805: 2792: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2743:Taylor p. 184 2740: 2737: 2734:Taylor p. 183 2731: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2716:Taylor p. 179 2713: 2710: 2707:Taylor p. 332 2704: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2689:Taylor p. 145 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2661: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2614:Taylor p. 137 2611: 2608: 2605:Taylor p. 136 2602: 2599: 2596:Taylor p. 138 2593: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2560:Taylor p. 131 2557: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2542:Taylor p. 102 2539: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2489: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2458:the World War 2453: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2385: 2384: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2299: 2296: 2291: 2285: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2236: 2233: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2201: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1900: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1801:Arleigh Burke 1797: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1766: 1764: 1763:Arleigh Burke 1759: 1757: 1751: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1689:Massachusetts 1685: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1626:Arleigh Burke 1618: 1613: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1580: 1578: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1493: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1469:Fleet Admiral 1466: 1458: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1365:Arleigh Burke 1361: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1349:Toyofuku Maru 1346: 1345:Toyofuku Maru 1340: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1325:Palau Islands 1322: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1237: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1142:Midway Island 1139: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1020:Torpedo Eight 1017: 1013: 1005: 1001: 997: 996:Task Force 17 993: 992: 987: 983: 979: 971: 966: 959: 957: 955: 951: 947: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Task Force 16 920: 919: 914: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 858: 853: 851: 842: 840: 838: 830: 826: 821: 814: 812: 810: 805: 804:Fleet Problem 801: 797: 793: 789: 784: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 760: 756: 752: 751: 746: 745: 741: 733: 731: 728: 724: 716: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687: 681: 679: 673: 672: 667: 665: 661: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 628:transatlantic 621: 616: 609: 604: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 552: 551:West Virginia 546: 545:Naval Aviator 542: 538: 534: 530: 529: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500: 494: 493: 488: 484: 476: 471: 464: 462: 460: 456: 452: 451: 445: 441: 440: 433: 431: 427: 422: 420: 419:upperclassmen 416: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 387: 385: 382:. 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Wikimapia 2909:January 13, 2666:February 9, 2436:Proceedings 2310:Tulsa World 2274:January 17, 2203:(Portugal) 1678:Morton Deyo 1607:Personality 1413:Bunker Hill 1373:Bunker Hill 1257:Fifth Fleet 1206:Guadalcanal 976:During the 776:flight deck 632:Jack Towers 568:Coast Guard 556:World War I 518:, came in. 312:Marc Andrew 216:World War I 54:Nickname(s) 3267:Categories 3034:August 22, 2907:Retrieved 2903:ThoughtCo. 2569:Gay p. 113 2446:: 163–166. 2222:References 2121:"V" Device 2098:Navy Cross 1817:Task Force 1701:New Jersey 1670:Hackleback 1594:Leadership 1532:Navy Cross 1431:Enterprise 1426:Enterprise 1422:Enterprise 1401:Navy Cross 1369:Enterprise 1239:, in 1944. 1180:Navy Cross 1104:Enterprise 1090:Enterprise 1058:Enterprise 1054:Enterprise 1050:Enterprise 1039:Enterprise 986:Enterprise 935:Enterprise 918:Enterprise 664:Navy Cross 644:Curtiss NC 575:Lieutenant 564:dirigibles 487:destroyers 459:California 455:West Coast 450:California 415:midshipman 279:Navy Cross 104:Allegiance 2481:April 26, 2392:cite book 2383:Lucky Bag 2247:Citations 1769:USS 1754:USS 1707:Wisconsin 1666:Threadfin 1543:8th Fleet 1513:Air Force 1435:USS 1418:kamikazes 1329:Hollandia 1236:Lexington 950:Roosevelt 880:when the 855:USS 707:San Diego 699:Aroostook 691:minelayer 686:Aroostook 549:USS 539:over her 526:USS 512:Pensacola 497:USS 490:USS 448:USS 437:USS 426:sophomore 186:USS 179:USS 145:1910–1947 3209:, 1991. 3180:(2005). 3147:(2016). 2627:, (2009) 2623:Mrazek, 2284:cite web 2210:See also 2180:5th Row 2158:4th Row 2134:3rd Row 2106:2nd Row 2094:1st Row 1771:Mitscher 1756:Mitscher 1750:Mitscher 1713:Missouri 1641:and the 1617:Randolph 1534:and the 1452:Post-war 1437:Randolph 1393:Iwo Jima 1216:, Navy, 1120:Yorktown 1031:fighters 991:Yorktown 878:Virginia 850:Yorktown 792:Saratoga 788:Saratoga 750:Saratoga 703:flagship 587:seaplane 537:catapult 533:aircraft 483:Colorado 439:Colorado 372:Oklahoma 320:Mitscher 175:Commands 122:Service/ 3086:May 18, 2860:July 3, 2827:July 3, 2797:July 3, 1792:at the 1730:Yamato. 1695:Indiana 1662:Okinawa 1658:Yamato, 1551:admiral 1492:(CV-42) 1397:Okinawa 1321:Mariana 890:bombers 872:to the 809:captain 780:Langley 768:collier 764:Langley 744:Langley 713:, D.C. 541:fantail 516:Florida 504:Stewart 499:Stewart 492:Whipple 453:on the 405:, then 326:in the 324:admiral 159:Admiral 3236: 3224: 3213: 3188: 3166: 3133: 3108: 3065:Yamato 3061:Yamato 2648:Mrazek 2442:(11). 2084:Badge 1765:-class 1744:Legacy 1738:Yahagi 1734:Yamato 1719:Alaska 1710:, and 1482:, and 1442:Ulithi 1387:, the 1371:after 1284:Tarawa 1218:Marine 1202:Nouméa 1188:Hornet 1168:Hornet 1158:Hornet 1151:Hornet 1147:Hornet 1140:or to 1138:Hornet 1131:Hornet 1069:Hornet 1027:Hornet 1004:Hornet 1000:Hornet 982:Hornet 970:Hornet 946:Hornet 939:Hornet 931:Halsey 927:Hawaii 913:Hornet 906:Hornet 902:Hornet 870:Hornet 857:Hornet 829:Hornet 759:Wright 753:, the 655:Azores 444:ensign 267:Awards 188:Hornet 181:Wright 133: 124:branch 113: 57:"Pete" 2787:(PDF) 2227:Notes 2119:with 1171:' 1161:' 1154:' 1134:' 1125:Sōryū 1115:Akagi 1093:' 1078:Zeros 1042:' 1007:' 954:Tokyo 942:' 909:' 772:knots 430:plebe 352:Oscar 3222:ISBN 3211:ISBN 3186:ISBN 3164:ISBN 3131:ISBN 3106:ISBN 3088:2012 3036:2018 2911:2019 2862:2022 2829:2022 2799:2022 2668:2017 2483:2018 2398:link 2318:2024 2290:link 2276:2022 1725:Guam 1722:and 1668:and 1488:USS 1395:and 1323:and 1304:Truk 1214:Army 1109:Kaga 1046:VF-6 1033:and 984:and 921:and 894:B-25 798:and 747:and 689:, a 660:NC-4 638:and 495:and 316:Pete 170:7591 150:Rank 75:Died 62:Born 3009:by 2440:110 1560:at 1316:." 1255:'s 1100:SBD 1018:of 864:in 581:in 510:in 397:at 292:(3) 281:(3) 87:U.S 70:U.S 3269:: 3201:. 3027:. 2900:. 2864:. 2853:. 2849:. 2831:. 2820:. 2816:. 2789:. 2775:^ 2438:. 2406:^ 2394:}} 2390:{{ 2344:^ 2307:. 2286:}} 2282:{{ 2262:. 1796:. 1775:. 1704:, 1698:, 1692:, 1686:, 1568:. 1553:. 1424:. 1182:. 1044:s 956:. 839:. 811:. 634:, 514:, 432:. 370:, 338:. 318:" 43:c. 3247:. 3217:. 3194:. 3172:. 3139:. 3112:. 3090:. 3038:. 3013:. 2913:. 2801:. 2670:. 2485:. 2400:) 2320:. 2292:) 2278:. 1071:. 972:. 831:. 477:. 314:" 48:) 41:(

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