335:). Pollock reportedly was trying to hire Stone for the Indianapolis Clowns since the close of the 1950 baseball season. While the media reported that she finally agreed to sign on for a staggering $ 12,000 for the season, many sources identify that figure as an untruth for publicity purposes. Other reports are that Pollock wanted Stone to play in a skirt or in shorts, and she refused, though she did wear a foam rubber chest protector. Pollock was a partner in several business ventures with Abe Saperstein, owner of the
279:, she took on the name "Toni Stone", which she felt was a better fit for her identity than "Marcenia". At Jack's Tavern, the first Black-owned nightclub in the neighborhood, she met Captain Aurelious Pescia Alberga, a native of Oakland and a WWI veteran. They married in 1950. While he continued to live in the San Francisco Bay Area as Stone pursued her career on baseball teams around the country, they remained married until he died at the age of 103 in the 1980s.
256:. Because it was a church activity, her parents consented to her participation. Unfortunately, the coach was uninterested in cultivating her skill, so Stone taught herself by reading rule books. In hopes of learning to be a better player, Stone joined the girls' softball team, HighLex, but was dissatisfied with play in that sport. Still searching for instruction, Stone would show up and watch the baseball school run by the
339:, and also one of the co-founders of the West Coast Negro Baseball Association. Similar to the trick basketball team, The Clowns both provided clown-style entertainment at games and played serious ball. Having a woman on the team attracted more spectators, but Stone also played seriously. She played 50 games in her season with the Clowns, batting .243.
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players shunned her and gave her a hard time because she was a woman. Stone was quite proud of the fact that the male players were out to get her. She would show off the scars on her left wrist and remember the time she had been spiked by a runner trying to take out the woman standing on second base. "He was out," she recalled.
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Even though she was part of the team, she was not allowed in the locker room. If she was lucky, she would be allowed to change in the umpire's locker room. Once, Stone was asked to wear a skirt while playing for sex appeal, but she would not do it. Even though she felt like she was "one of the guys,"
462:
Various biographic elements of Stone's life were fabricated for the popular media, apparently for marketing purposes. Stone's purported $ 12,000 annual signing salary with the Clowns, which
Pollock claimed was more than Jackie Robinson's first major-league contract, was more likely around $ 350 to $
291:
team, which was part of the national network of amateur baseball teams for teenagers. Stone had unofficially played some ball with an
American Legion team in Minnesota. In San Francisco, because of age limits for the American Legion teams, Stone subtracted ten years from her age, claiming to be 17
357:
Stone was the first female player in the Negro
Leagues, and she was not met with open arms. Bunny Downs, manager of the Clowns, had reportedly once told Stone that "she'd better stick to knitting and home cooking," but publicly claimed to be won over after seeing her play. Most of the male ball
188:
before retiring from baseball in 1954. Stone was taunted at times by teammates, once being told, "Go home and fix your husband some biscuits", but she was undeterred. It has been widely reported that during an exhibition game in 1953, she hit a single off a fastball pitch delivered by legendary
481:
Passing of information on Stone from source to source has distorted some details of her life. Newspaper articles claim that she "graduated from
Roosevelt High School," while others write that "after completing grammar school, she entered Roosevelt High." Other sources name other high schools
307:
two runs in her first time up. At the time, the Sea Lions were barnstorming around the country, so the work was hard. Stone soon became discontented with the owner of the Sea Lions after she discovered she was paid less than her male teammates. Stone joined the
271:
Twin City
Colored Giants. She got paid about $ 2-$ 3 a game, so her parents let her play. She eventually dropped out of high school with the hope of making a living playing baseball. In 1943 she moved to San Francisco where her sister lived.
232:
for Stone. Although she performed well in a city-wide competition, her interest lay with baseball. Reportedly, softball was not "fast enough" to capture her interest. Various reports record skill at swimming, track, basketball, and even
251:
priest, whom Toni's parents consulted for help, recognized Stone's strength as a pitcher and encouraged her to try out for the Claver
Catholic Church boys' baseball team in the Catholic Midget League, which is similar to today's
228:, and her parents opened Boykin's Barber and Beauty Shop. She enjoyed playing baseball with boys in the neighborhood, and earned the nickname "Tomboy". Her mother, who was worried that baseball was not ladylike, bought a pair of
164:, was an American female professional baseball player who played in predominantly male leagues. In 1953, she became the first woman to play as a regular on an American major-level professional baseball team when she joined the
52:
524:. The play addresses Stone's baseball career, as well as the challenges that she faced as a black woman. Within a year of its publication, the play had been staged by several theaters around the country, though the
264:. "I just couldn't get rid of her until I gave her a chance," Street told Ebony Magazine in an interview. "Every time I chased her away, she would go around the corner and come back to plague me again."
478:, on Easter Sunday in 1953. While no one has disproven the claim entirely, during the spring training when the exhibition game purportedly happened, there is no record of the Browns playing the Clowns.
1999:
442:, as the opposing team's runner crosses in front of her in the direction of second base. The Doodle was created by San Francisco-based illustrator and animation director, Monique Wray.
342:
The newspapers at the time claimed that attendance at Clowns' games hit record levels when she started playing, and she was heavily featured on the team's promotional materials.
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the people around her did not. While playing for the Kansas City
Monarchs, she spent most of the game on the bench, next to the men who hated her. "It was hell," she said.
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303:, of which the Sea Lions had been a member, inspired owners Hal King and Harold Morris to take a chance on Stone's argument that she would draw crowds. She
401:
All of Stone's accomplishments make her "one of the best players you have never heard of", according to the Negro League
Baseball Players Association.
467:—Stone also dropped ten years from her age in order to join a team for teenagers in San Francisco, and retained the lower age on her baseball resume.
408:, one on "Women in Baseball" and another on "Negro League Baseball". In 1993, Stone was inducted into the Women's Sports Hall of Fame, as well as the
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Spending time at Jack's Tavern on Sutter, Stone became friends with one of the owners, Alroyd "Al" Love. Love introduced her to the local
237:. At school, she wore pants instead of skirts and was teased for her preferences. Reportedly, she often skipped school to play baseball.
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416:, declared March 6 "Toni Stone Day". Saint Paul also has a field named after Toni Stone located at the Dunning Baseball Complex.
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2020:
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1421:"Announcing finalists for 2020 Dorothy Seymour Mills Lifetime Achievement Award – Society for American Baseball Research"
31:
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to Boykin and Willa
Maynard Stone, Toni Stone had two sisters and a brother. Her father was a barber, a graduate of
172:(two other women would later play on the team). A baseball player from her early childhood, she also played for the
2044:
513:
486:
470:
The
Society for American Baseball Research has looked particularly closely at Stone's claim that she got a hit off
547:
1868:
Curveball: The Remarkable Story of Toni Stone, the First Woman to Play Professional Baseball in the Negro League
1686:
1046:
Curveball: the remarkable story of Toni Stone, the first woman to play professional baseball in the Negro League
635:
Curveball: the remarkable story of Toni Stone, the first woman to play professional baseball in the Negro League
1295:"Toni Stone, 75, First Woman To Play Big-League Baseball: A tough second baseman who would not play in a skirt"
288:
80:
1208:
Davis, Amira Rose (2016). "No League of Their Own: Baseball Black Women, and the Politics of Representation".
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354:, it remained unofficially segregated, claiming that only White women met their exacting beauty standards.
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It was not that Stone did not enjoy intellectual work; she was an avid library patron and reader of
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244:. She simply did not find that the content she was taught in school was reflective of her reality.
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1463:"Google Doodle pays tribute to Toni Stone, the first woman to be a professional baseball player"
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prior to the 1954 season, and she retired following the season because of lack of playing time.
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1315:
Harvey, Brian (1994-06-05). "Woman in a league of her own breaking baseball gender barrier".
811:
Harvey, Brian (1994-06-05). "Woman in a league of her own breaking baseball gender barrier".
497:
In 1996, the Great American History Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota, staged Roger Nieboer's
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1812:"Toni Stone (Closed May 31, 2020) | Washington, DC | reviews, cast and info | TheaterMania"
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1713:"Review: In 'Toni Stone,' America's Pastime Meets America's Problem - The New York Times"
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Among many other claims, researchers cannot verify whether or not she played for the
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856:"Woman Player Says She Can 'Take Care of Self' in Game," Ebony, June/July 1953, 48
1515:"MLB® The Show™ - MLB The Show 24 unveils Storylines: The Negro Leagues Season 2"
1442:"Announcing finalists for 2021 Dorothy Seymour Mills Lifetime Achievement Award"
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instead of 27. She played with the team in San Francisco from 1943 to 1945.
678:"Barrier-breaking athlete Toni Stone got her start in baseball in St. Paul"
389:
Toni Stone died on November 2, 1996, of heart failure at a nursing home in
1613:
1151:
White, Maury (1953-05-28). "Makeup? No! Nothing Feminine About Baseball".
423:
nominated Stone for the Dorothy Seymour Mills Lifetime Achievement Award.
1010:"Toni Stone, 75, First Woman To Play Big-League Baseball [Obit.]"
682:
2048:
1356:"Baseball Hall of Fame this weekend honors St. Paul 'tomboy' Toni Stone"
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728:
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on their homepage. The image depicts Stone fielding a baseball from her
2070:
1232:"Playing With The Boys: Gender, Race, and Baseball in Post-War America"
798:, edited by James Craddock, 2nd ed., vol. 33, Gale, 2013, pp. 312-314.
51:
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and Samantha Barrie and premiering Off-Broadway in 2019, was based on
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400 a month. The Clowns' publicists touted her bachelor's degree from
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427:
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had played for the team before joining the Milwaukee Braves (now the
1598:"Mamie "Peanut" Johnson: The Last Female Voice of the Negro Leagues"
2115:
Marcenia Lyle "Toni" Stone in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
2000:"The Ladies of The Negro Leagues (Part 1): Remembering Toni Stone"
1542:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 164–168.
1130:. United Kingdom: McFarland & Company. pp. 213–214, 220.
1083:"Negro Nines Play Here Tonight; Gal Second Sacker With Clowns".
501:
soon after Stone's death, though it was not a critical success.
1581:"Indianapolis, Kansas City Play Official Loop Game at Conoco".
1490:"See baseball trailblazer Toni Stone in animated Google Doodle"
1168:"Guide to the West Coast Negro Baseball Association Collection"
870:. San Francisco: San Francisco Planning Department. p. 71.
482:
altogether. Other sources say she dropped out of high school.
1972:
Catching the Moon: The Story of a Young Girl's Baseball Dream
1836:"Review: Compelling 'Toni Stone' now available on streaming"
2047:. Negro League Baseball Players Association. Archived from
1899:. San Diego: Harcourt Brace and Company. pp. 169–176.
830:
Rosengren, John (Summer 2019). "EYEWITNESS: Tomboy Stone".
1944:
Baseball and Philosophy: Thinking Outside the Batter's Box
1655:"Big-League Baseball's First Woman, on a Stage of Her Own"
866:
Kelley, Tim; VerPlanck, Christopher; Williams, Al (2016).
430:
honored Stone's legacy and achievements by making her the
2088:"Toni Stone, 75, First Woman To Play Big-League Baseball"
574:"Toni Stone, 75, First Woman To Play Big-League Baseball"
1763:"'Toni Stone' tells story of little-known baseball hero"
299:
by spring of 1949. The 1946 failure of the short-lived
752:"Toni Stone - Society for American Baseball Research"
386:, to work as a nurse and care for her sick husband.
220:
Stone was ten years old when her family moved to the
1946:. Chicago: Open Court Publishing. pp. 246–256.
868:
African American Citywide Historic Context Statement
350:
Although there was a baseball league for women, the
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By age 16, Stone was playing weekend games with the
910:"Stone, Marcenia Lyle (Toni), 1921–1996 | MNopedia"
124:
42:
1865:
958:"Toni Stone Dies; Played Men's Pro Ball in '50s".
1102:"The Negro League's Last Hope: Three Brave Women"
701:"The Negro League's Last Hope: Three Brave Women"
404:In 1990, she was included in two exhibits at the
275:Making a living on odd jobs while living in the
217:. He married a hairdresser named Willa Maynard.
1602:NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture
1270:"Black History Month: The Legacy of Toni Stone"
352:All American Girls Professional Baseball League
27:Female Negro League baseball player (1921–1996)
1687:"Tomboy Stone: Great American History Theatre"
938:Ward, Alan (1953-03-25). "On Second Thought".
193:, although the claim has failed verification.
2002:. BlackAthlete Sports Network. Archived from
1897:Women at Play: The Story of Women in Baseball
1540:Baseball in Minnesota: The Definitive History
600:"THE Black woman of pro baseball, Toni Stone"
522:Curveball: The Remarkable Story of Toni Stone
8:
2086:Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. (10 November 1996).
1253:Jurgens, Jerry (1953-08-14). "Sport-Scope".
295:Stone talked her way onto the roster of the
160:(July 17, 1921 – November 2, 1996), born as
1566:"Indianapolis Clowns Sign Girl Keystoner".
1330:Negro League Baseball Players Association.
1190:Negro League Baseball Players Association.
770:"Indianapolis Clowns Sign Girl Keystoner".
2175:20th-century African-American sportspeople
438:and throwing the ball in the direction of
50:
39:
1635:"Girl Athlete Will Oppose Merchant '9'".
1385:Negro League Baseball Players Association
410:International Women's Sports Hall of Fame
315:For the 1953 season, Stone was signed by
30:For other people with similar names, see
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382:After the 1954 season, Stone moved to
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301:West Coast Negro Baseball Association
7:
2160:People from Bluefield, West Virginia
1940:"Chapter 16. Women Playing Hardball"
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2170:20th-century African-American women
2165:Baseball players from West Virginia
2027:. McNary Publishing. Archived from
1085:News Journal (Wilmington, Delaware)
1293:Thomas, Robert McG. (1966-11-10).
25:
1998:McClean, Tony (9 February 2008).
1975:. New York: Lee & Low Books.
883:"PBS | The Fillmore: Music Scene"
370:Stone's contract was sold to the
1872:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books.
1242:(1): 18–28 – via SABR.org.
2190:Women players in men's baseball
2185:San Francisco Sea Lions players
2145:American women baseball players
2140:Baseball players from Minnesota
796:Encyclopedia of World Biography
727:Rosengren, John (Summer 2019).
412:. In 1990, Stone's hometown of
1166:Online Archive of California.
676:Jones, Wendy (July 17, 2017).
1:
2019:McNary, Kyle (October 2000).
1711:Green, Jesse (21 June 2019).
1461:Bradshaw, Kyle (2022-02-09).
1230:Richard, A.J. (Spring 2019).
2155:Kansas City Monarchs players
1128:The Negro leagues, 1869-1960
528:did inhibit its production.
378:Post-baseball life and death
2150:Indianapolis Clowns players
1895:Gregorich, Barbara (1993).
1488:Wexler, Sara (2022-02-09).
973:Sward, Susan (1996-11-06).
504:Almost twenty years later,
168:in the previously all-male
2206:
2180:African-American Catholics
1942:. In Bronson, Eric (ed.).
1767:The San Francisco Examiner
1513:Peer, Steve (2024-02-13).
1126:Heaphy, Leslie A. (2003).
729:"EYEWITNESS: Tomboy Stone"
572:Mcg, Robert (1996-11-10).
520:'s full-length biography,
514:Roundabout Theater Company
512:under commission from the
487:New Orleans Black Pelicans
29:
1969:Hubbard, Crystal (2005).
1743:www.roundabouttheatre.org
1653:Deb, Sopan (2019-06-11).
1624:– via Project MUSE.
1236:Baseball Research Journal
735:. 66(6): 232 – via JSTOR.
209:, who also served in the
129:
120:
102:
86:
67:
58:
49:
2066:"No League of Their Own"
2025:Pitch Black Negro League
1924:"Women Playing Hardball"
1864:Ackmann, Martha (2010).
1693:. 1997-02-04. p. 38
1043:Martha, Ackmann (2010).
975:"OBITUARY -- Toni Stone"
802:, Accessed 6 Sept. 2020.
632:Martha, Ackmann (2010).
393:. She was 75 years old.
289:American Legion Baseball
81:Bluefield, West Virginia
1938:Heaphy, Leslie (2004).
1538:Thornley, Stew (2006).
1198:. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
1049:. Lawrence Hill Books.
1006:Thomas, Robert Mcg. Jr.
638:. Lawrence Hill Books.
297:San Francisco Sea Lions
174:San Francisco Sea Lions
1210:Radical History Review
445:Stone was included in
419:In 2020 and 2021, the
1614:10.1353/nin.2001.0042
1596:Ardell, J.H. (2001).
426:On February 9, 2022,
414:Saint Paul, Minnesota
406:Baseball Hall of Fame
226:Saint Paul, Minnesota
18:Marcenia Lyle Alberga
1816:www.theatermania.com
1008:(10 November 1996).
800:Gale General OneFile
436:second base position
372:Kansas City Monarchs
337:Harlem Globetrotters
242:The Chicago Defender
186:Kansas City Monarchs
143:Kansas City Monarchs
2006:on 21 November 2008
1792:Concord Theatricals
1440:SABR (2021-09-07).
1419:SABR (2020-09-02).
960:The Washington Post
391:Alameda, California
384:Oakland, California
321:Indianapolis Clowns
310:New Orleans Creoles
182:Indianapolis Clowns
178:New Orleans Creoles
166:Indianapolis Clowns
162:Marcenia Lyle Stone
133:Indianapolis Clowns
97:Alameda, California
2093:The New York Times
2031:on 21 January 2017
1926:. BaseballGuru.com
1718:The New York Times
1659:The New York Times
1317:Daily Sentinel Sun
1274:Sports Illustrated
1153:Des Moines Tribune
1106:The Hardball Times
1014:The New York Times
881:Pepin, Elizabeth.
813:Daily Sentinel Sun
705:The Hardball Times
579:The New York Times
465:Macalester College
222:Rondo neighborhood
211:United States Army
207:Tuskegee Institute
1953:978-0-8126-9556-4
1906:978-0-15-698297-9
1879:978-1-55652-796-8
1549:978-0-87351-551-1
1137:978-0-7864-1380-5
1108:. 25 January 2018
1056:978-1-55652-796-8
832:Minnesota History
733:Minnesota History
707:. 25 January 2018
645:978-1-55652-796-8
553:Women in baseball
526:COVID-19 Pandemic
277:Fillmore District
155:
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16:(Redirected from
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606:on 4 August 2015
602:. Archived from
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476:St. Louis Browns
453:In popular media
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90:November 2, 1996
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78:July 17, 1921
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19:
2097:. Retrieved
2091:
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2069:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:the original
2045:"Toni Stone"
2033:. Retrieved
2029:the original
2024:
2021:"Toni Stone"
2008:. Retrieved
2004:the original
1971:
1943:
1928:. Retrieved
1896:
1867:
1844:. Retrieved
1842:. 2020-03-17
1839:
1830:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:
1788:"Toni Stone"
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1769:. 2020-03-12
1766:
1757:
1746:. Retrieved
1742:
1739:"Toni Stone"
1733:
1722:. Retrieved
1716:
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1691:Star Tribune
1690:
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1670:. Retrieved
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1414:
1406:Star Tribune
1405:
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1388:. Retrieved
1384:
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1364:. Retrieved
1362:. 2011-03-18
1359:
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604:the original
594:
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499:Tomboy Stone
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92:(1996-11-02)
87:
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2135:1996 deaths
2130:1921 births
887:www.pbs.org
325:second base
317:Syd Pollock
260:' manager,
215:World War I
2124:Categories
1846:2020-09-06
1821:2020-09-06
1797:2020-09-06
1773:2020-09-06
1748:2020-09-06
1724:2019-07-05
1697:2020-09-06
1672:2020-09-06
1524:2024-03-11
1499:2022-02-09
1474:2022-02-09
1468:9to5Google
1447:2022-02-09
1426:2020-09-08
1390:2020-07-30
1366:2020-09-08
1341:2020-09-08
1279:2020-09-08
1177:2020-09-08
1112:2020-09-08
984:2020-09-07
919:2020-09-07
892:2020-09-07
838:(6): 232.
757:2020-09-07
711:2020-09-06
585:2015-04-16
559:References
506:Toni Stone
440:first base
366:Retirement
329:Hank Aaron
323:, to play
197:Early life
184:, and the
158:Toni Stone
74:1921-07-17
44:Toni Stone
32:Tony Stone
1888:489009727
1667:0362-4331
1622:107535903
1065:680281078
654:680281078
610:6 October
474:, of the
305:batted in
2099:14 March
2077:14 March
2055:14 March
2035:14 March
2010:14 March
1991:57286141
1962:53315358
1930:14 March
1915:27430189
1360:MinnPost
1216:: 72–78.
844:26663124
683:MinnPost
532:See also
249:Catholic
235:football
201:Born in
2071:MLB.com
1494:MLB.com
1019:17 July
493:Theater
213:during
189:player
106:Batted:
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397:Legacy
180:, the
176:, the
112:Threw:
1618:S2CID
840:JSTOR
125:Teams
114:Right
108:Right
88:Died:
69:Born:
2101:2012
2079:2012
2057:2012
2037:2012
2012:2012
1987:OCLC
1977:ISBN
1958:OCLC
1948:ISBN
1932:2012
1911:OCLC
1901:ISBN
1884:OCLC
1874:ISBN
1663:ISSN
1544:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1061:OCLC
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1021:2020
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612:2014
147:1954
137:1953
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224:of
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